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テキストマイニングことはじめー基本的な考え方からメディアディスコース研究への応用まで

 テキストマイニングことはじめー基本的な考え方からメディアディスコース研究への応用まで

日本メディア英語学会 夏季セミナー(2024年9月28日、佛教大学)

Yuichiro Kobayashi

September 26, 2024
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  1. ຊ೔ͷྲྀΕ • ࣗݾ঺հ • ςΩετϚΠχϯάͷجૅ • جຊతͳߟ͑ํ • ओͳ෼ੳํ๏ •

    ෼ੳࣄྫͷ঺հ • ܭྔจݙֶͷݹయతݚڀ • αονϟʔͷϨτϦοΫ෼ੳ • τϥϯϓͱώϥϦʔͷײ৘෼ੳ • 2"ʢ͕࣌ؒ͋Ε͹ʣ 3
  2. ࣗݾ঺հ • খྛ ༤Ұ࿠ʢ͜͹΍͠ Ώ͏͍ͪΖ͏ʣ • େࡕେֶେֶӃ ݴޠจԽݚڀՊ • ത࢜ʢݴޠจԽֶʣ

    • ೔ຊֶज़ৼڵձ ಛผݚڀһ%$ʢʣ • ೔ຊֶज़ৼڵձ ಛผݚڀһ1% • ໋ཱؗେֶʢจֶ෦ɺҥּ૯߹ݚڀػߏʣ • ౦༸େֶ ࣾձֶ෦ ϝσΟΞίϛϡχέʔγϣϯֶՊ • ॿڭ • ݱࡏ ೔ຊେֶ ੜ࢈޻ֶ෦ ڭཆɾجૅՊֶܥ • ॿڭˠઐ೚ߨࢣˠ।ڭत 4
  3. • ओͳؔ৺ྖҬ • ίʔύεݴޠֶ • ςΩετϚΠχϯά • ڭҭσʔλ෼ੳ • ओͳஶॻ

    • ʰ͜ͱ͹ͷσʔλαΠΤϯεʱʢே૔ॻళɺ೥ʣ • ʰ3ʹΑΔڭҭσʔλ෼ੳೖ໳ʱʢΦʔϜࣾɺ೥ɺڞஶʣ • ʰ3ʹΑΔ΍͍͞͠ςΩετΞφϦςΟΫεʱʢΦʔϜࣾɺ೥ʣ • ΢ΣϒαΠτ IUUQTTJUFTHPPHMFDPNTJUFLPCBZBTIJ 5
  4. ຊ೔ͷྲྀΕ • ࣗݾ঺հ • ςΩετϚΠχϯάͷجૅ • جຊతͳߟ͑ํ • ओͳ෼ੳํ๏ •

    ෼ੳࣄྫͷ঺հ • ܭྔจݙֶͷݹయతݚڀ • αονϟʔͷϨτϦοΫ෼ੳ • τϥϯϓͱώϥϦʔͷײ৘෼ੳ • 2"ʢ͕࣌ؒ͋Ε͹ʣ 6
  5. ෼ੳܭըͱσʔλ • σʔλઃܭ • ඇৗʹॏཁʢˠʰ͜ͱ͹ͷσʔλαΠΤϯεʱୈষʣ • (BSCBHF*O (BSCBHF0VU (*(0 •

    ΰϛͷΑ͏ͳσʔλ͔Β͸ɺΰϛͷΑ͏ͳ݁Ռ͔͠ಘΒΕͳ͍ • ෼ੳσʔλͷେݪଇ • ద੾ͳ฼ूஂͷ૝ఆ • ద੾ͳαϯϓϦϯάͷ࣮ߦ • ద੾ͳσʔλ؅ཧ • ʮσʔλʯ͸ʮ෼ੳܭըʯʹ߹ΘͤͯूΊΔ΋ͷ • ʮखڐʹσʔλ͕͋Δ͔ΒɺͳΜͱͳ͘෼ੳͯ͠ΈΑ͏ʯ͸ຊདྷతͰ͸ͳ͍ 8
  6. • ӳޠͷ඼ࢺɾݪܗͷಉఆ 13 XPSE QPT MFNNB 5IF %5 UIF 5SFF5BHHFS

    /1 5SFF5BHHFS JT 7#; CF FBTZ ++ FBTZ UP 50 UP VTF 7# VTF  4&/5  5SFF5BHHFS
  7. ओͳස౓ूܭͷํ๏ • γϯϓϧͳ୯ޠͷස౓ूܭ • ςΩετதͷશͯͷ୯ޠͷස౓Λूܭ • ୯ޠͷఆٛʹΑͬͯɺ݁Ռ͕มΘΔ • ʮ౦ژେֶʯ͸ޠʁ •

    ʮ౦ژʯͱʮେֶʯͷޠʁ • ܗଶૉղੳͷޡΓ͕͋ΔͱɺͦͷӨڹ Λड͚Δ • จࣈྻ͕ಉ͡Ͱ͋Ε͹ɺҙຯͷҧ͍͕ ߟྀ͞Εͳ͍Մೳੑ • ඼ࢺ΍ಡΈͷ৘ใΛ༻͍ͯɺʮ࠷ தʯʢ͍ͪ͞Ύ͏ʣɺʮ࠷தʯʢ͞ ͳ͔ʣɺʮ࠷தʯʢ΋ͳ͔ʣͳͲΛ ۠ผ͢Δ͜ͱ΋Ͱ͖Δ͕ɺͦͷਫ਼౓ ͸׬ᘳͰ͸ͳ͍ 15
  8. • ڞىڧ౓ • ڞىස౓ʢத৺ޠͱڞىޠͷ୯७ͳස౓ʣΛ༻͍Δͷ͕Θ͔Γ΍͍͕͢ɺສ ೳͰ͸ͳ͍ • ͲͷςΩετʹ΋ߴස౓Ͱग़ݱ͠ɺͲͷ୯ޠͷۙ͘ʹ΋ߴස౓ͰݱΕΔػ ೳޠͳͲ͕ଟ͘रΘΕͯ͠·͏ • ෼ੳ໨తʹΑͬͯ͸ɺڞىޠͱͯ͠ूܭ͢Δ୯ޠͷස౓Λݶఆ

    • ঎඼ͷΫνίϛͳͲΛ஌Γ͍ͨ৔߹͸ɺ໊ࢺʢ঎඼໊ͳͲʣͱڞى͢Δܗ ༰ࢺ΍ಈࢺͷΈΛूܭʢܗ༰ࢺ͸ධ൑ɺಈࢺ͸ར༻γʔϯʣ • ίʔύεݴޠֶͷ෼໺ͰఏҊ͞Ε͍ͯΔ༷ʑͳ౷ܭࢦඪΛ࢖༻ • 5είΞΛ༻͍Δͱɺൺֱతߴස౓ͳڞىޠΛर͍΍͍͢ • .*είΞΛ༻͍Δͱɺൺֱత௿ස౓ͳڞىޠΛर͍΍͍͢ • ର਺໬౓ൺΛ༻͍Δͱɺ 5είΞͱ.*είΞͷதؒతͳ݁ՌʹͳΔʢͱݴ ΘΕ͍ͯΔ͕ɺ࣮ࡍʹ͸ɺ͔ͳΓ5είΞدΓͷ݁Ռʣ FUD 19
  9. ओͳ౷ܭ෼ੳͷํ๏ • ςΩετͷൺֱ • σʔλ෼ੳͷجຊ͸ɺԿ͔ͱԿ͔Λൺ΂Δ͜ͱ • ୯ҰͷσʔλΛோΊ͍ͯΔ͚ͩͰ͸ɺ໘ന͍͜ͱ͕ݟ͑ʹ͍͘ • ୯Ұͷσʔλ͔͠ͳ͍৔߹͸ɺ૚ผ෼ੳΛݕ౼͢Δ΂͖ ˣ

    • ಛ௃ޠ෼ੳ • ෳ਺ͷςΩετʹ͓͚Δ୯ޠͷස౓Λ౷ܭతʹൺֱ • ݸʑͷςΩετʹݦஶͳ୯ޠΛಛఆ ˣ • Ծઆݕఆʢର਺໬౓ൺݕఆɺUݕఆͳͲʣ • ػցֶशʢϥϯμϜϑΥϨετɺ-"440ͳͲʣ • ͦͷଞʢࠩҟ܎਺ɺ5'*%'ͳͲʣ 20
  10. • ςΩετͷΫϥελϦϯά • ςΩετதͷ୯ޠͷස౓Λख͕͔Γʢม਺ʣͱͯ͠ɺશମతͳ୯ޠͷ࢖͍ํ ͷύλʔϯ͕ࣅ͍ͯΔςΩετΛάϧʔϐϯά • ओ੒෼෼ੳɺରԠ෼ੳɺΫϥελʔ෼ੳͳͲ 21 %JNFOTJPO 

    %JNFOTJPO             "@BHVOJOP@LBNJ "@JTTFLJXB "@KBTIVNPO "@LBQQB "@LJLBJOB@TBJLBJ "@SBTIPNPO "@UPTIJTIVO "@VNBOP@BTIJ "@VNJOP@IPUPSJ "@ZBCVOP@OBLB %@HPPECZF %@IBTIJSF@NFSPTV %@LZPHFOOP@LBNJ %@LZPLPOP@IBSV %@PUPHJ@[PTIJ %@QBOEPSBOP@IBLP %@TBSVNFO@LBOKZB@TIJO %@TIBZP %@VCBTVUF %@WJZPO
  11. • τϐοΫϞσϧ • ΫϥελϦϯάख๏ͷҰछ • ʮͦΕͧΕͷςΩετΛಛ௃͚ͮΔෳ਺ͷτϐοΫʯͱʮͦΕͧΕͷτϐο ΫΛಛ௃͚ͮΔෳ਺ͷ୯ޠʯΛਪఆ • Ξϯέʔτͷࣗ༝هड़΍঎඼ͷΫνίϛΛ෼ੳ͢Δͱ͖ͳͲɺ෼ੳσʔλΛ ͲͷΑ͏ͳΧςΰϦʔʹ෼͚Ε͹Α͍͔͕෼͔Βͳ͍ͱ͖ʹ༗ޮ

    22 1 2 3 4 Keisatsu_H20.txt Keisatsu_H21.txt Keisatsu_H22.txt Keisatsu_H23.txt Keisatsu_H24.txt Keisatsu_H25.txt Keisatsu_H26.txt Keisatsu_H27.txt Keisatsu_H28.txt Keisatsu_H29.txt Keisatsu_H22.txt Keisatsu_H20.txt Keisatsu_H21.txt Keisatsu_H23.txt Keisatsu_H24.txt Keisatsu_H27.txt Keisatsu_H29.txt Keisatsu_H25.txt Keisatsu_H26.txt Keisatsu_H28.txt 0 1 2 3 4 Cluster Dendrogram Height
  12. ςΩετϚΠχϯάͷνΣοΫϦετ • ద੾ͳ෼ੳܭը • ద੾ͳσʔλऩू • ద੾ͳલॲཧ • දهΏΕͷղফɺίʔσΟϯάɺλά෇͚ͳͲ •

    ద੾ͳ෼ੳ߲໨ͷઃఆ • ୯ޠͷස౓Λม਺ʹ͢Δͷ͔ʁ ͦΕҎ֎ͷݴޠ৘ใΛ࢖͏ͷ͔ʁ • ୯ޠͷස౓ͷ৔߹ɺશͯͷ୯ޠΛ࢖͏ͷ͔ʁ • ద੾ͳ౷ܭख๏ͷબ୒ • ౷ܭख๏ʹ߹ΘͤͨܗࣜͷσʔλΛ༻ҙ • ख๏͝ͱͷ࢖༻໨తɺಘΒΕΔ݁Ռͷ܏޲Λ೺Ѳ • ద੾ͳ෼ੳ݁Ռͷղऍ • ʮ෼ੳҰॠɺղऍҰੜʯ 25
  13. • ςΩετϚΠχϯάʹ࢖͑ΔπʔϧʢͷҰ෦ʣ 26 πʔϧ ༗ঈ PSແঈ ϓϩάϥϛϯά εΩϧ ೔ຊޠͷ෼ੳ ӳޠͷ෼ੳ

    6TFS-PDBM ແঈ ෆཁ ̋ º ,)$PEFS ༗ঈ ʢҰ෦ແঈʣ ෆཁ ̋ ̋ *#.4144.PEFMFS 5FYU"OBMZUJDT ༗ঈ ෆཁ ̋ ̋ 3 ແঈ ඞཁ ̋ ̋ 1ZUIPO ແঈ ඞཁ ̋ ̋ ʢίʔύεʣݴޠֶऀ޲͚ͷ΋ͷ΍ɺاۀ޲͚ͷ΋ͷͳͲɺ͜ΕҎ֎ʹ΋͍Ζ͍Ζ͋Δ
  14. ຊ೔ͷྲྀΕ • ࣗݾ঺հ • ςΩετϚΠχϯάͷجૅ • جຊతͳߟ͑ํ • ओͳ෼ੳํ๏ •

    ෼ੳࣄྫͷ঺հ • ܭྔจݙֶͷݹయతݚڀ • αονϟʔͷϨτϦοΫ෼ੳ • τϥϯϓͱώϥϦʔͷײ৘෼ੳ • 2"ʢ͕࣌ؒ͋Ε͹ʣ 28
  15. ܭྔจݙֶ • ίϯϐϡʔλʹΑΔจষղੳͷલఏ • จষʹ͸ɺॻ͍ͨਓͦΕͧΕͷಛ௃͕͋Δ • ҟͳΔਓ͕ॻ͍ͨจষʹ͸ɺԿΒ͔ͷҧ͍͕͋Δ ˣ • จষͷࢦ໲

    • ච੻ؑఆͷͰ͖ͳ͍จষͷॻ͖खΛಛఆ͢Δͷʹ༗ޮ • λΠϓϥΠλʔ΍ϫʔϓϩιϑτͰॻ͔Εͨจষʢྫɿ൜ߦ༧ࠂɺڴഭঢ়ʣ • ݪయ͕ͳ͘ɺࣸຊͰ͔͠఻Θ͍ͬͯͳ͍จষʢྫɿ੟ॻɺݯࢯ෺ޠʣ 29
  16. • ͦΕͰ͸ɺʮจষͷࢦ໲ʯ͸Ͳ͜ʹ͋Δʁ • ඼ࢺͷׂ߹ • ໊ࢺʁ • ܗ༰ࢺʁ • ෭ࢺʁ

    • ઀ଓࢺʁ • ޠኮͷ࢖༻ • ޠኮͷ๛෋͞ʁ • ޠኮͷ೉͠͞ʁ • จষͷߏ଄ • จͷ௕͞ʁ • ܎Γड͚ؔ܎ʁ 34 ෼ੳΛ੒ޭͤ͞Δൿ݃͸ɺ ߴ౓ͳ෼ੳख๏Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɺ ద੾ͳ෼ੳ߲໨ͷઃఆ
  17. ࣄલʹ௖͍࣭ͨ͝໰  • ʮখઆΛઐ໳ͱ͓ͯ͠Γ·͢ɻ<>ͲͷΑ͏ͳςΫετʹ΋Ԡ༻Մೳ ͔ɺ·ͨখઆͷݴޠ෼ੳʹ׆༻͢Δͱ͢Ε͹ɺͲͷΑ͏ͳ࣮ྫ͕͋Δ ͔ɺ౰೔͝঺հ͍͚ͨͩΔΑ͏Ͱͨ͠Βɺ͓ئ͍͍ͨ͠ͱࢥ͍·͢ʯ ˣ • جຊతʹɺిࢠԽ͞ΕͨςΩετʢFH 1SPKFDU(VUFOCFSHʣͰ͋Ε

    ͹ɺԿͰ΋෼ੳՄೳ • ͨͩ͠ɺʮձ࿩ʯͱʮ஍ͷจʯͷ۠ผɺΩϟϥΫλʔ͝ͱͷൃݴΛ۠ ผΛ͢Δ৔߹ͳͲ͸ɺࣄલͷલॲཧ͕ඞཁ • ୯ޠϨϕϧͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ඼ࢺɾߏจɾҙຯɾஊ࿩ͷϨϕϧΛ෼ੳ͢Δ৔߹͸ɺͦ ΕʹԠͨࣗ͡વݴޠॲཧͷٕज़Λ࢖༻ • Ϛ΢εૢ࡞ͷΈͰͰ͖Δ͜ͱ΋͋Ε͹ɺϓϩάϥϛϯά͕ٻΊΒΕΔ͜ͱ΋͋ Δ 39
  18. ࣄલʹ௖͍࣭ͨ͝໰  • ʮ৽ฉهࣄ΍χϡʔε์ૹΛ୊ࡐʹͨ͠෼ੳ๏Λ࢕͍ͨ͘ࢥ͍·͢ʯ ˣ • ͪ͜Β΋ɺిࢠԽ͞ΕͨςΩετ͕͋Ε͹ɺ෼ੳՄೳ • ৽ฉͷిࢠ൛ͷར༻ʹ͋ͨͬͯ͸ɺ࢖༻ྉ΍ஶ࡞ݖͷ໰୊͕ൃੜ͠ಘΔ •

    χϡʔε์ૹʢԻ੠ʣͷ৔߹͸ɺॻ͖ى͕͜͠ඞཁʢ"*ʹΑΔࣗಈԽ͕͋Δఔ ౓Ͱ͖Δ͔΋ʁʣ • ͨͩ͠ɺ৽ฉͷηΫγϣϯɺχϡʔε์ૹʹ͓͚Δൃ࿩ऀɺ࣌ܥྻͷ ৘ใͳͲΛѻ͏৔߹͸ɺࣄલͷલॲཧ͕ඞཁ • ୯ޠϨϕϧͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ඼ࢺɾߏจɾҙຯɾஊ࿩ͷϨϕϧΛ෼ੳ͢Δ৔߹͸ɺͦ ΕʹԠͨࣗ͡વݴޠॲཧͷٕज़Λ࢖༻ • Ϛ΢εૢ࡞ͷΈͰͰ͖Δ͜ͱ΋͋Ε͹ɺϓϩάϥϛϯά͕ٻΊΒΕΔ͜ͱ΋͋ Δ 41
  19. • ϚʔΨϨοτɾώϧμɾαονϟʔ ʵ • ೥ʹΘͨΔ௕ظ੓ݖΛҡ࣋ͨ͠ΠΪϦεॳͷঁੑट૬ • อकతͰڧߗతͳੑ͔֨Βʮమͷঁʯͷҟ໊ΛͱΓɺ൴ঁ ͷൈຊతͳ੓ࡦ͸ʮαονϟϦζϜʯͱݺ͹Εͨ • ൴ঁͷεϐʔνʹ͓͚ΔϨτϦοΫ΍ΩʔϫʔυΛѻͬͨ

    ઌߦݚڀͷຆͲ͸ɺਓؒͷ௚ײ΍ҹ৅ʹجͮ͘΋ͷ • ਓؒͷҙࣝ͸ɺయܕతͳύλʔϯΑΓ΋௝͍͠ύλʔϯ ʹ஫ҙ͕޲͘܏޲ʹ͋ΔͨΊɺݴޠ࢖༻ͷ૊৫తɾแׅ తͳهड़ʹద͍ͯ͠Δͱ͸ݴ͑ͳ͍ #JCFS FUBM   • αονϟʔͷஊ࿩ʹؔ͢Δݚڀͷଟ͘͸ɺ൴ঁ͕ݴ༿Λൃ ͢Δʮଶ౓ʯΛѻ͓ͬͯΓɺൃͤΒΕͨʮݴ༿ʯͦͷ΋ͷ Λѻͬͨ΋ͷ͸গͳ͍ 45
  20. • ෼ੳσʔλ • .BSHBSFU5IBUDIFS'PVOEBUJPOʹ͓͍ͯɺ೥݄೔ͷ࣌఺Ͱެ ։͞Ε͍ͯͨσʔλͷ͏ͪɺҎԼͷ఺Λຬͨ͢σʔλશͯ • ॏཁ౓ϥϯΩϯά͕ʮ࠷ॏཁʢ,FZʣʯͰ͋Δ͜ͱ • αονϟʔຊਓͷݴޠΛؚΉ͜ͱ •

    ςΩετϑΝΠϧͰ͋Δ͜ͱ • αονϟʔͷݴ༿ͷΈΛநग़Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹՃ޻͠ɺτॻ͖΍மऍͳͲ͸શͯ আڈ • σʔλΛҎԼͷͭͷ࣌ظʢαονϟʔͷճͷ೚ظʹ΄΅ූ߹ʣʹ෼ྨ • લظ ʙ೥ • தظ ʙ೥ • ޙظ ʙ೥ 46
  21. • ෼ੳํ๏ • ϫʔυϦετͷ࡞੒ • Ωʔϫʔυͷநग़ • /HSBNTͷநग़ • ίϯίʔμϯεͷ֬ೝ

    • ෼ੳπʔϧ • 8PSE4NJUI 5PPMT 7FSTJPO IUUQXXXMFYJDBMMZOFUXPSETNJUI • $PMMPDBUF IUUQXXXBUIFMDPN 48 ݱࡏ͸ɺ͜ΕΒͷ༗ྉπʔϧΛ࢖༻ͤͣɺ "OU$PODͳͲͷແྉπʔϧͰ෼ੳ͢Δ͜ͱ ͕Մೳ
  22. • Ωʔϫʔυͷ্Ґʹڍ͛ΒΕ͍ͯΔޠ • ݻ༗໊ࢺ΍ಛఆͷࣄ݅ʹؔΘΔޠ͕ຆͲ • ֤೥୅ͷΩʔϫʔυ • ॳظ͸ɺ೥ʹ͋ͬͨϑΥʔΫϥϯυฆ૪ʹؔ͢Δޠ FH "SHFOUJOF

     JTMBOET )BJH 'BMLMBOE "SHFOUJOB JOUFSJN (FPSHJB TFUUMFNFOU  "SHFOUJOFT • தظ͸ɺ๺ΞΠϧϥϯυ໰୊ɺ΢Σετϥϯυࣄ݅ɺࣦۀऀ໰୊ FH KPCT  ͳͲʹؔ͢Δޠ • ޙظ͸ɺ࿷؛ઓ૪ FH ,VXBJU *SBR 4BEEBN )VTTFJO IPTUBHF DIBSHF  HVMG ɺϤʔϩούܦࡁ໰୊ FH &VSPQF DVSSFODZ &VSPQFBO NPOFUBSZ  &$6 ɺڭҭ໰୊ FH TDIPPMT FEVDBUJPO ʹؔ͢ΔޠͳͲ 56
  23. • લظͷ l#SJUJTIz • ΠΪϦεͷݖར΍ཱ৔Λओு͢ΔίϯςΫετͳͲͰग़ݱ • ϑΥʔΫϥϯυฆ૪ͱͷؔ࿈ 57 !"#$%&'&%()#*+&%()+#%()#,!"-.#)"/"()"(0-"+#."1%-(# 2.-,-+!

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
  24. • தظͷ lKPCTz • ౰࣌ສਓͷࣦۀऀ͕ࠃ಺ʹ͋;Εɺ೥ͷय़͔Β೥ؒͷ୸߭ετϥ ΠΩ͕ଓ͍͍ͯͨ͜ͱΛ൓ө • தظ͸ࠃ಺ʹؔ͢Δ࿩୊͕த৺Ͱɺର֎໰୊ʹଟ͘ݴٴ͍ͯ͠Δॳظ΍ޙظ ͱରরత 58

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
  25. • ޙظͷ lFEVDBUJPOz • ڭҭͷٸਐతͳେվֵ͸ɺ೥ͷ૯બڍͰαονϟʔ੓ݖͷެ໿ͷͭ 59 !"""#$"%&$"'()*+)*,"-."/%+)*,"0-/$"1(%*,$0")*"-2&" $321%')-* "040'$/5"6$"%&$"72'')*,"%"8-'"/-&$"/-*$4")*'-")'"7 "%*3"6$"%&$"92)83)*,"/-&$"%*3"/-&$"(-07)'%80!":($"

    $321%')-* "0$&;)1$")0";%&)%98$<")*"0-/$"78%1$0")'")0"$='&$/$ ='$*3",&$%'$&"1(-)1$")*"0$&;)1$0"8)+$"(-20)*,"%*3" $321%')-* "0-"'(%'"7%&$*'0"1%*"1(--0$"'($)&"1()83&$*>0"01(-- %=7%4$&"'-"'($"01(--80")0"02..)1)$*'".-&"'($",--3" $321%')-* "-."'($"1()83&$*!"?-".%&"6$"(%;$"*-'"'(-2,('"'-"7& 1%')-*"%*3"?1)$*1$"'-"$*02&$"'(%'"'($&$")0"%",--3" $321%')-* "7%)3".-&"94"'($"'%=7%4$&"%'"'(-0$"01(--80!""@*3"A *3"6)0($3"'-"(%;$"%*-'($&"1(-)1$!"B%&$*'0"7%4".-&" $321%')-* "%0"&%'$7%4$&0"%*3"'%=7%4$&0!":($4"/20'"9$"%98$"'- 0"6)3$07&$%3"3)00%')0.%1')-*!"A*"'--"/%*4"01(--80" $321%')-* "3-$0"*-'"/%'1("$)'($&"6(%'"'($"7%&$*'0"6%*'"-&"6(
  26. • /HSBNT • ֤೥୅Ͱɺl*EPOPUzɼlJUJTOPUzɼlUIFSFJTOPzɼlXFEPOPUzɼlUIBUJT OPUzɼl * EPOPUUIJOLzͱ͍ͬͨ൱ఆදݱ͕໨ཱͭ • ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ൱ఆදݱͷଟ༻͸ɺैདྷͷ੓࣏੓ࡦΛʮࣤΓ͚ͭΔΑ͏ͳௐࢠʯ 1FBSDF

     Ͱʮ൱ఆʯ )BSSJT  ͠ଓ͚ͨαονϟʔͷݴ ޠతಛ௃ 64 !"#$"%&'!&()&$&*+'+",&*('&*!"&-"&.,//&'!&0(1,&(/2& 3&%!&/!' &$44,5'&'6!),&$0(7()2&8*&4!+"),&#,&*$4,&9",$'&5"!7 /,*('&!*&'6,("&!#/&:,:7,")&(/&'6,("&!#/&(/%+)'";2& 3&%!&/!' &'6(/<&'6,;=",&,/'('0,%&>+)'&'!&'6"!#&!'6,"&5,!50, !#&('&()&'"+,?&7+'&#,&6$1,&'!&4$"5&$'&)!:,'6(/92@& 3&%!&/!' &4$",&$7!+'&'6$'2&.+'&3&%!&4$",&$7!+'&'6,&*+'+",&! *+"'6,"&$/)#,"&'6$'&3&9$1,&#!+0%&7,&'6,&)$:,?&$/%& 3&%!&/!' &7,0(,1,&'6$'&#,&7,/,*('&*"!:&",5,'('(!/2&&&A6,&"( !/2&B!:,/&$",&1,";&5"$4'(4$0?&C!6/?&$)&;!+&</!#D&& 3&%!&/!' &)6$",&'6$'&1(,#D&&3&%!&/!'&)6$",&'6$'&1(,#D&A6,&E &+)+$00;2&8/,&!"&'#!&3&6$1,&),,/&'6$'&6$%&222&7+'& 3&%!&/!' &:(/%&'6,:2&&3&'6(/<&('&()&>+)'&!/,&!*&'6!),&'6(/9 $00;&()&#!"'6#6(0,2&3'&()&5,$4,&#6(46&3&$:&$*',"2& 3&%!&/!' &+/%,")'$/%&#6;&;!+&4!/4,/'"$',&!/0;&!/&$7!0('(!/&
  27. • ൱ఆදݱ͕ॳظʹ࠷΋ݦஶͳͷ͸ɺچདྷͷʮ΢Σοτʯͳ੓࣏Λ൱ఆ͢Δ͜ ͱ͔Β࢝·ͬͨαονϟʔ੓ݖʹ૬Ԡ͍͠ • ॳظʹ͸ɺࣗΒͷཧ૝΍৴೦Λද໌͢ΔΑ͏ͳ/HSBNT FH *CFMJFWFUIBU  XFIBWFUP UIBUXFTIPVME

    ͷස౓͕ߴ͍ ͜ΕΒͷදݱ͸ɺॳظɺதظɺ ޙظͱ೥୅ΛܦΔʹͭΕͯස౓͕ݮগ͍ͯ͘͠ • ಉ༷ʹɺ৽ͨͳ੓࣏తϏδϣϯΛఏࣔ͢Δʹ͋ͨͬͯɺաڈͱະདྷ΁ͷݴٴ FH JOUIFQBTU UIFGVUVSFPG ΋ࢄݟ͞ΕΔ ˣ • ͜ΕΒͷৄࡉɺ͜ΕҎ֎ͷදݱʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɺݩ࿦จͷʮαονϟʔͷϨτ ϦοΫΛܭΔʕίʔύεʹ΋ͱͮ͘௨࣌త෼ੳʯΛࢀর 65
  28. • ෼ੳσʔλ • τϥϯϓͷେ౷ྖब೚ԋઆʢ೥݄೔ʣ • ώϥϦʔͷഊ๺એݴʢ೥݄೔ʣ • ෼ੳπʔϧ • 3ݴޠ

    • UJEZWFSTF QBDLBHFʢ༷ʑͳσʔλ෼ੳػೳΛ࣋ͭύοέʔδ܈ʣ • LP3QVT QBDLBHFʢςΩετ෼ੳʹ࢖༻ʣ • UJEZUFYU QBDLBHFʢײ৘෼ੳʹ࢖༻ʣ FUD 68
  29. • ͸͡ΊʹɺجຊతͳจମࢦඪΛ֬ೝ • ҟޠ਺ʢVOJR8Eʣ • ҟޠ཰ʢDPNQMYʣ • จ਺ʢTOU$Uʣ • ฏۉจ௕ʢTOU-FOʣ

    • ฏۉԻઅ਺ʢTZMM$Uʣ • ۭനΛؚΉจࣈ਺ʢDIBS$Uʣ • ۭനɾ۟ಡ఺ɾ਺ࣈΛআ͍ͨจࣈ਺ʢMUUS$Uʣ • (VOOJOH'0(*OEFYʢ'0(ʣ • 'MFTDI3FBEJOH&BTF*OEFYʢGMFTDIʣ 69
  30. • ิ଍ɿϦʔμϏϦςΟʢจষͷಡΈ΍͢͞ʣͷࢦඪʢͷҰ෦ʣ 70 IUUQTFOXJLJQFEJBPSHXJLJ (VOOJOH@GPH@JOEFY IUUQTFOXJLJQFEJBPSHXJLJ 'MFTDI&,JODBJE@ SFBEBCJMJUZ@UFTUT ʢࢀߟʣখྛ༤Ұ࿠ 

    ʮޠኮଟ༷ੑͱϦʔμϏϦςΟΛ༻͍ͨ ςΩετ෼ੳʯʰ֎ࠃޠڭҭϝσΟΞֶձத෦ࢧ෦֎ࠃޠڭҭجૅݚڀ ෦ձ೥౓ใࠂ࿦ूʱ r
  31. • ҟޠ਺ʢVOJR8Eʣ • ҟޠ཰ʢDPNQMYʣ • จ਺ʢTOU$Uʣ • ฏۉจ௕ʢTOU-FOʣ • ฏۉԻઅ਺ʢTZMM$Uʣ

    • ۭനΛؚΉจࣈ਺ʢDIBS$Uʣ • ۭനɾ۟ಡ఺ɾ਺ࣈΛআ͍ͨ จࣈ਺ʢMUUS$Uʣ • (VOOJOH'0(*OEFYʢ'0(ʣ • 'MFTDI3FBEJOH&BTF*OEFY ʢGMFTDIʣ 71
  32. • 'MFTDIr,JODBJEHSBEFMFWFM • 'MFTDI3FBEJOH&BTF*OEFYͷԠ༻ • จষͷಡΈ΍͢͞ͷఔ౓ΛʢΞϝϦΧͷʣֶ೥ͱ೥ྸͰදݱ • τϥϯϓ • (SBEF

    • "HF • ώϥϦʔ • (SBEF • "HF ˣ • τϥϯϓͷԋઆ͸ɺࡀ͕ཧղͰ͖Δఔ౓ͷ೉͠͞ • ώϥϦʔͷԋઆ͸ɺࡀ͕ཧղͰ͖Δఔ౓ͷ೉͠͞ • ྆ऀͷؒʹେ͖ͳࠩ͸ͳ͍͕ɺΘ͔ͣʹώϥϦʔͷํ͕ฏқͳจষ 72
  33. • τϥϯϓͷԋઆͷײ৘෼ੳ • ϙδςΟϒͳ୯ޠͱͯ͠͸ɺSJHIU΍HSFBUͳͲ • ωΨςΟϒͳ୯ޠͱͯ͠͸ɺQBJOɺCMFFEɺDSJNFͳͲ 76 1PTJUJWF /FHBUJWF HSFBU

    QBJO SJHIU CMFFE DBSOBHF DPNQMBJOJOH DPOGSPOU DSJNF EFDBZ EFQSJWFE GBJM GBMMFO GFBS JNQPTF SBEJDBM TBE TUFBMJOH CMFTT EFTUJOZ HMPSJPVT HPPE MJLF MPZBMUZ TBGF TVDDFTT UIBOL XJOOJOH CFBVUJGVM CFOFGJU DFMFCSBUF DFMFCSBUFE DFMFCSBUJPO DPOGJEFODF DPVSBHF FOKPZ GSFF GSFFEPNT HPPEOFTT HPPEXJMM HSBDJPVT HSBUFGVM IFBM JOUFSFTUT MFBE MJLFT MPWF NBHOJGJDFOU PQFOMZ PSEFSMZ QFBDFGVM QMFBTBOU QSJEF QSPNJTF QSPTQFS QSPTQFSJUZ QSPUFDU QSPUFDUJPO QSPVE SJDI TBMVUF UISJWF VOJUZ XPSL
  34. • ώϥϦʔͷԋઆͷײ৘෼ੳ • ϙδςΟϒͳ୯ޠͱͯ͠͸ɺUIBOLɺMPWFɺHSBUFGVMͳͲ • ωΨςΟϒͳ୯ޠͱͯ͠͸ɺQBJOGVMɺXFBSZͳͲ 77 1PTJUJWF /FHBUJWF UIBOL

    MPTF QBJOGVM TFUCBDLT XFBSZ CSFBLJOH EFCU EJTBQQPJOUFE EPVCU IBSE IVSUT MPTT SFHSFU TPSSZ VOSVMZ HSBUFGVM MPWF XPSL CFTU SFTQFDU CFUUFS CMFTT DIFSJTI DSFBUJWF GBJUI HSBUJUVEF SJHIU TUSPOHFS TVDDFTTFT USVNQ XPSUI DIBNQJPO DPNGPSU EFEJDBUFE EFTFSWJOH EJHOJUZ FOPVHI GSFFEPN HPPE HSBDFGVM HSFBU HSFBUFTU IPOPSFE IPQFGVM JODSFEJCMZ KPZ MFBE QFBDFGVM QPXFSGVM QSJEF TVDDFTTGVM UBMFOUFE UPQ WBMVBCMF XJO XPOEFSGVM XPSLFE
  35. ຊ೔ͷྲྀΕ • ࣗݾ঺հ • ςΩετϚΠχϯάͷجૅ • جຊతͳߟ͑ํ • ओͳ෼ੳํ๏ •

    ෼ੳࣄྫͷ঺հ • ܭྔจݙֶͷݹయతݚڀ • αονϟʔͷϨτϦοΫ෼ੳ • τϥϯϓͱώϥϦʔͷײ৘෼ੳ • 2"ʢ͕࣌ؒ͋Ε͹ʣ 84 "OZ 2VFTUJPOT