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WAI-ARIA in 10
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Laura Kalbag
March 16, 2015
Technology
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240
WAI-ARIA in 10
From a talk given at She Codes Brighton's Tech in 10 in March, 2015
Laura Kalbag
March 16, 2015
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Transcript
WAI-ARIA in 10 Laura Kalbag @laurakalbag @indie
Why is web accessibility important?
Accessibility makes the web a good experience for as many
people as possible
Accessibility isn’t just about screen readers
Web accessibility is built on a foundation of meaningful HTML
<ul class="links-‐list rooms"> <li>
<a href="#hall">Hall</a> </li> <li> <a href="#kitchen">Kitchen</a> </li> … </ul> <div class="links-‐list rooms"> <a href="#hall">Hall</a> <br> <a href="#kitchen">Kitchen</a> </div> Meaningful vs not-so meaningful HTML
Screen readers
None
<ul class="links-‐list rooms"> <li>
<a href="#hall">Hall</a> </li> <li> <a href="#kitchen">Kitchen</a> </li> … </ul> list 2 items • • internal, link, Hall internal, link, Kitchen end of list How VoiceOver reads it
<div class="links-‐list rooms"> <a href="#hall">Hall</a> <br>
<a href="#kitchen">Kitchen</a> </div> internal, link, Hall internal, link, Kitchen How VoiceOver reads it
What is WAI-ARIA?
Web Accessibility Initiative – Accessible Rich Internet Applications (or ARIA
for short) Born March 2013
Dynamic content / “complex web apps” (Sites that update without
refreshing the page)
ARIA is particularly useful for keyboard navigation and screen readers
Tabs
Tabs WAI-ARIA Overview, selected, tab, 1 of 3 Laura Kalbag,
tab, 2 of 3 Ind.ie, tab, 3 of 3
None
visited, link, Images link, Fonts link, Ways To Pay link,
Offers link, Ideas link, Subscriptions
Web browsers need a few more cues to assist the
human
ARIA is a layer on top of markup content structure
(HTML) additional structure (ARIA)
WAI-ARIA gives developers a way to describe roles, states, and
properties for custom widgets
<a role="tab">Images</a> ARIA Roles
tab, Images tab, Fonts tab, Ways To Pay tab, Offers
tab, Ideas tab, Subscriptions
ARIA Roles vs Implied Roles <button>Images</button> Images, button <button role="tab">Images</button>
tab, Images
<div role="alert">Incorrect password, please try again</div> <div role="dialog">Successfully saved</div>
Other roles Full list at http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/roles#abstract_roles_header
<a role="tab" aria-‐selected="true">Images</a> ARIA States http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/states_and_properties#aria-selected
tab, Images, selected tab, Fonts tab, Ways To Pay tab,
Offers tab, Ideas tab, Subscriptions
Expanding/collapsing menu <button class="menu" aria-‐expanded="false"> <button class="menu"
aria-‐expanded="true"> Menu, collapsed, button Menu, expanded, button
ARIA Landmarks <div class="site-‐header" role="header"> <ul class="site-‐navigation" role="navigation"></ul>
</div>
When we shouldn’t use WAI-ARIA
<ul class="site-‐navigation" role="navigation"> HTML5 vs Landmarks <nav> <ul
class="site-‐navigation"></ul> </nav> http://www.w3.org/html/wg/drafts/html/master/infrastructure.html#default-implicit-aria-semantics
ARIA vs HTML <span role="link"> <div role="list"> <span
role="button"> <span role="checkbox"> <a> <ul> <button> <input type="checkbox"> http://www.paciellogroup.com/blog/2010/04/html5-and-the-myth-of-wai-aria-redundance/
ARIA should be your last resort
However, there’s a lot ARIA can do, that HTML can’t…
Live Regions
New tweets available. Press period to review them. <div id="event-‐log"
aria-‐live="assertive"> <p>New Tweets available. Press period to review them.</p> </div>
Without ARIA, people can miss out
http://caniuse.com/#search=WAI-ARIA
http://html5accessibility.com by The Paciello Group
ARIA can’t fix an unusable site
Thank you! @laurakalbag @indie