MIXI TECH NOTE #08

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MIXI TECH NOTE #08
גࣜձࣾ MIXI ༗ࢤɹஶ
2022-09-10 ൛ גࣜձࣾ MIXI ൃߦ

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·͕͖͑
ຊॻʮMIXI TECH NOTE #08ʯ͸ɺMIXIGROUP ʹॴଐ͢Δ༗ࢤୡʹΑͬͯࣥචɾ੍࡞͞Εٕͨ
ज़ॻͰ͢ɻ࣮ࡍͷϓϩμΫτ։ൃͷݱ৔Ͱ࢖༻͞Εٕͨज़ͷ࿩΍ɺ೔ʑͷۀ຿ͷ๣Βɺݸਓతʹௐ΂
ͨ͜ͱͳͲɺࢥ͍ࢥ͍ʹࣥච͍ͯ͠·͢ɻͦͷͨΊɺ֤ষͦΕͧΕͰ׬͍݁ͯ͠Δ಺༰ʹͳ͍ͬͯ·
͢ͷͰɺ޷͖ͳষ͔Β޷͖ͳॱ൪Ͱָ͓͠Έ͍ͩ͘͞ɻ
·ͨɺຊॻ͸ɺMIXIGROUP ʹ͋Δٕज़త஌ݟ΍ΞΠσΞΛੵۃతʹڞ༗ɾެ։͍ͯ͘͜͠ͱͰɺ
ੈͷதʹΑΓྑ͍αʔϏε͕ҲΕग़͢͜ͱΛئͬͯץߦ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻܝࡌ͞Ε͍ͯΔ৘ใ͸ɺࣥච
ऀࣗ਎ͷ؀ڥͰݕূࣥ͠ච͞Εͨ΋ͷͰ͢ͷͰɺ͝ࢀߟʹ͞ΕΔࡍ͸ɺࣗ͝਎ͷ੹೚Ͱ൑அ͠͝׆༻
͍ͩ͘͞ɻͳ͓ɺจষදݱʹ͖ͭ·ͯ͠΋ɺࣥචऀࣗ਎ͷݴ༿Ͱ఻͑ͨ͘ɺϑϥϯΫͳදݱͱͳͬͯ
͓Γ·͢͜ͱ͝ཧղ͍͚ͨͩΕ͹ͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ
σΟϕϩούʔϦϨʔγϣϯζνʔϜҰಉ
˗ຊॻʹؔ͢Δ͓໰͍߹Θͤઌ
ɹ https://twitter.com/mixi_engineers
˗ MIXIGROUP ʹ͍ͭͯ
ɹ https://mixi.co.jp/
˞ MIXI ͷ໊শɺ͜Εʹؔ࿈͢Δ঎ඪٴͼϩΰ͸ɺגࣜձࣾ MIXI ͷ঎ඪٴͼొ࿥঎ඪͰ͢ɻ·ͨɺ
֤ࣾͷձ໊ࣾɺαʔϏεٴͼ੡඼ͷ໊শ͸ɺͦΕͧΕͷॴ༗͢Δ঎ඪ·ͨ͸ొ࿥঎ඪͰ͢ɻ
iii

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໨࣍
·͕͖͑ iii
ୈ 1 ষ Service Worker Λհͨ͠ feature toggle ؅ཧ 1
1.1 SSR ࣌ͷ feature toggle Ͱͷ෼ذ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Service Worker ͱ͸ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 HTTP ϦΫΤετΛϓϩΩγ͢Δ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 feature toggle ؅ཧ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.5 feature toggle ͷ SSR ରԠ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.6 ऴΘΓʹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
ୈ 2 ষ Haskell ͷ੩తαΠτδΣωϨʔλʔ 11
2.1 Hakyll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2 Slick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3 ऴΘΓʹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
ୈ 3 ষ Clojure Ͱ࢝ΊΔ࢓༷෼ੳ 17
3.1 ͸͡Ίʹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2 ঢ়گઃఆ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.3 ࢓༷ͷ෼ੳΛ͠Α͏ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.4 ऴΘΓʹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
ୈ 4 ষ Rust ͷ Axum Λ࢖ͬͨ API αʔό։ൃ 29
4.1 ͸͡Ίʹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.2 ToDo ΞϓϦͷ API Λ࡞Δ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.3 ͓ΘΓʹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
ୈ 5 ষ ֶߍఏڙιϑτ΢ΣΞͰ໰୊ղܾ 35
5.1 ຊষʹ͍ͭͯ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.2 ࢲͨͪͷڭҭࢧԉ׆ಈʹ͍ͭͯ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.3 ໰୊ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.4 ໰୊ͷ෼ղ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
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໨࣍
5.5 ໨ඪઃఆͱߦಈࢦ਑ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.6 ίϯςϯπاըͱ͞·͟·ͳ෼ੳ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.7 ΞΠσΞͷൃ૝ͱࢥߟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.8 ࠷ޙʹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
ୈ 6 ষ BigQuery Ͱ GeoHash ʹΑΔߴ଎ͳࢢ۠ொଜ൑ఆ 61
6.1 ͸͡Ίʹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
6.2 ڥքσʔλͷऔΓࠐΈ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
6.3 GeoHash-ࢢ۠ொଜςʔϒϧ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
6.4 ύϑΥʔϚϯεଌఆ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
6.5 ͓ΘΓʹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
ୈ 7 ষ Android ͷಈը࠶ੜΞϓϦͷ࡞Γํ 2022 81
7.1 2022 ೥Ҏલͷྺ࢙ΛৼΓฦΔ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
7.2 ExoPlayer ͱ Jetpack Media3 ʹ͍ͭͯ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
7.3 ಈը࠶ੜΞϓϦͷ࡞Γํ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
7.4 ऴΘΓʹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
ୈ 8 ষ Unity Transport ղੳͱܰྔαʔό։ൃ 95
8.1 ͸͡Ίʹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
8.2 Unity Transport ͷηοτΞοϓ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
8.3 Unity Transport ͷ௨৴ϓϩτίϧ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
8.4 ܰྔαʔό։ൃ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
8.5 ऴΘΓʹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
ஶऀ঺հ 103
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ୈ 1 ষ
Service Worker Λհͨ͠ feature
toggle ؅ཧ
feature toggle ͱ͸ ։ൃ͢Δػೳͷಈ࡞Λ༗ޮԽ͢Δ͔ແޮԽ͢Δ͔Λ੍ޚ͢ΔͨΊͷख๏Ͱ͢ɻ
ৄ͘͠͸ɺલճͷٕज़ॻయ 12*1Ͱॻ͍ͨ ʮUnleash Λ࢖ͬͨ feature toggle ؅ཧʯ Ͱ feature
toggle Λ࢖͏ϝϦοτ΍͜ΕΛ׆༻͢ΔτϥϯΫϕʔε։ൃʹ͍ͭͯͷ঺հΛ͍ͯ͠·͕͢ɺຊষͰ
͸ɺ΋͏গ͠ൃలͯ͠ Web (Next.js) ʹ͓͚Δ SSR ࣌ͷ feature toggle ͷΫϥΠΞϯτ؅ཧʹ͍ͭ
ͯɺ Service Worker Λ׆༻ͨ͠ख๏Λ঺հ͍ͨ͠ͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ
1.1 SSR ࣌ͷ feature toggle Ͱͷ෼ذ
SSR ͱ͸ Server Side Rendering ͷུͰ SPA*2 Λϖʔδ͝ͱʹαʔόͰ HTML ͱͯ͠ϨϯμϦ
ϯάͯ͠ΫϥΠΞϯτʹฦ٫͢Δख๏Ͱ͢ɻ
ΫϥΠΞϯτ͸αʔό͔Βड͚औͬͨϨϯμϦϯά݁ՌΛύʔεͯ͠ඳըͨ͠ޙɺΫϥΠΞϯτଆ
ͰͷεΫϦϓτ࣮ߦΛ͠·͢ɻ
͜ΕΛ hydration ͱ͍͏ͷͰ͕͢ɺύϑΥʔϚϯε্ͷཧ༝͔ΒαʔόαΠυͰͷϨϯμϦϯά
݁ՌͱΫϥΠΞϯταΠυͰͷॳճϨϯμϦϯά݁Ռ͸ඞͣҰகͤ͞Δඞཁ͕͋Δͱ͍͏ಛ௃͕͋Γ
·͢ɻ
feature toggle ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɺϑϥάͷεςʔλεʹΑͬͯϨϯμϦϯά݁ՌΛ෼ذ͍ͤͨ͞ͷͰ৔
߹ʹΑͬͯ͸ SSR ͨ͠ޙͷ hydration ͰϨϯμϦϯά݁ՌͷෆҰகʹΑΔΤϥʔ͕ൃੜ͢Δ͜ͱ͕
͋Γ·͢ɻ
ͨͱ͑͹ɺfeature toggle ΛΫϥΠΞϯτͰ؅ཧͨ͠৔߹
*1 ٕज़ॻయ 12: https://techbookfest.org/product/5148888694521856?productVariantID=6546902914957312
*2 Single Page Application
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ୈ 1 ষ Service Worker Λհͨ͠ feature toggle ؅ཧ 1.2 Service Worker ͱ͸
Ϧετ 1.1: featureToggle.ts
1: const getFeatureToggle = () => {
2: const featureToggle = localStorage.getItem("featureToggle");
3:
4: return featureToggle === "true"
5: }
6:
7: const ExampleComponent = () => {
8: const enabled = getFeatureToggle()
9:
10: return (
11: <>
12: {enabled ? new : old}
13: >
14: )
15: }
local storage ΍ session storage ͳͲͷΫϥΠΞϯτͷετϨʔδͰ؅ཧͨ͠ feature flag
Λݺͼग़ͯ͠ɺϨϯμϦϯά݁ՌΛ෼ذͯͦ͠ͷ·· SSR ͠Α͏ͱ͢ΔͱɺαʔόϓϩηεͰ͸Ϋ
ϥΠΞϯτͷετϨʔδʹอଘ͞Ε͍ͯΔϑϥάΛࢀরͰ͖ͳ͍ͨΊɺCSR*3 ࣌ͱͷϨϯμϦϯά
݁Ռʹࠩ෼͕ੜ͡·͢ɻ
CSR ࣌ͷΈ SSR ࣌ͱϨϯμϦϯά݁ՌΛͲ͏ͯ͠΋ม͍͑ͨ৔߹͸ɺॳճͰ null (ۭ) ΛϨϯμ
Ϧϯάͯ͠ɺͦͷ࣍ʹຊདྷඳը͍ͨ͠ίϯςϯπΛϨϯμϦϯά͢Δख๏͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
͔͠͠ɺ͜ͷख๏͸ null ΛϨϯμϦϯάͨ͠Օॴʹ͍ͭͯ SSR ͷҙຯ͕ͳ͘ͳͬͯ͠·ͬͨΓɺ
ϨϯμϦϯάճ਺͕࠷దԽ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ͨΊύϑΥʔϚϯεΛྼԽͤ͞ΔཁҼͱͳΔɺͰ͖Ε͹ආ͚
Δ΂͖ hucky ͳख๏ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
Unleash ͳͲͷ֎෦αʔϏεͷ DB Ͱ feature flag Λ؅ཧ͢Ε͹ SSR ࣌ʹ΋εςʔλεΛऔಘͰ
͖ΔͨΊ͜ͷ໰୊͸ղফ͞Ε·͕͢ɺ։ൃ؀ڥʹ͓͍ͯσόοά΍ QA ࡞ۀΛߦ͏৔߹ʹ feature
Flag Λ࣮ߦ؀ڥ͝ͱʹ੾Γସ͍͑ͨέʔεͳͲɺΫϥΠΞϯτͰ΋ feature Flag Λ؅ཧ͍ͨ͠έʔ
ε͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
ΫϥΠΞϯτͷετϨʔδͰ feature flag ͷঢ়ଶΛ؅ཧͭͭ͠໰୊ͳ͘ SSR Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δͨ
Ίʹɺࠓճ͸ Service Worker Λ׆༻͢Δ͜ͱͰղܾΛࢼΈ·͢ɻ
1.2 Service Worker ͱ͸
Service Worker ͱ͸ωοτϫʔΫϓϩΩγͷΑ͏ͳৼΔ෣͍Λ͢Δϒϥ΢β্Ͱಈ࡞͢ΔϫʔΧ
Ͱ͢ɻ
ΫϥΠΞϯτ͔Βͷ HTTP ϦΫΤετͳͲΛτϦΨͱͨ͠Πϕϯτ͕ൃߦ͞ΕɺϦΫΤετʹର
ͯ͠ϦιʔεͷΩϟογϡΛฦ٫ͨ͠ΓͳͲͷॲཧ͕ϝΠϯϓϩηεͱ͸ผͷεϨουͰฒྻͰߦ͑
*3 Client Side Rendering ͷུ
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ୈ 1 ষ Service Worker Λհͨ͠ feature toggle ؅ཧ 1.2 Service Worker ͱ͸
·͢ɻ
Service Worker Λ࢖༻͢Δʹ͸ɺ Service Worker ಺ͰͷॲཧΛهड़ͨ͠ JavaScript ϑΝΠϧΛ
ϗεςΟϯάͯ͠ɺnavigator.serviceWorker.register("path/to/serviceWorker.js") Λ
࣮ߦ͢Δ͜ͱͰϒϥ΢βʹ Service Worker Λొ࿥Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
React ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ొ࿥༻ͷ JavaScript Λ༻ҙͯ͠εΫϦϓτλάΛ index.html ʹهࡌ͢Δ͜ͱ
Ͱ Service Worker Λొ࿥͢Δ͔ɺ Service Worker Λొ࿥͢Δ custom hook Λ༻ҙ͠·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 1.2: serviceWorkerHooks.ts
1: const useRegisterServiceWorker = () => {
2: useEffect(() => {
3: const register = async () => {
4: if (!("serviceWorker" in navigator)) {
5: return;
6: }
7:
8: const registration = await navigator.serviceWorker
9: // Next.js ͷ public σΟϨΫτϦʹεΫϦϓτϑΝΠϧΛ഑ஔ
10: .register("/serviceWorker.js")
11: .catch((error) => {
12: if (error instanceof Error) {
13: return error;
14: }
15:
16: throw Promise.reject(error);
17: });
18:
19: if (registration instanceof Error) {
20: console.log("Service Worker registration failed: ", registration);
21: return;
22: }
23:
24: console.log(
25: "Service Worker registration successful with scope: ",
26: registration.scope
27: );
28: };
29:
30: register();
31: }, []);
32: };
Service Worker Λొ࿥͢Δ custom hook Λ༻ҙͨ͠৔߹͸άϩʔόϧͰ࣮ߦ͞ΕΔՕॴʹϚ΢
ϯτ͢ΔΑ͏ʹ͠·͢ɻ
register ϝιου͸ɺ͢Ͱʹಉ͡ Service Worker Λొ࿥͍ͯ͠Δ৔߹͸Α͠ͳʹΠϯετʔϧॲ
ཧΛεΩοϓ͠·͢ɻ
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ୈ 1 ষ Service Worker Λհͨ͠ feature toggle ؅ཧ 1.3 HTTP ϦΫΤετΛϓϩΩγ͢Δ
1.3 HTTP ϦΫΤετΛϓϩΩγ͢Δ
Service Worker Ͱ͸ΫϥΠΞϯτ͔Βͷ HTTP ϦΫΤετΛϓϩΩγ͢Δػೳ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
ϖʔδͷ SSR ݁ՌΛαʔό͔Βऔಘ͢Δࡍʹ΋ HTTP ϦΫΤετ͕૸ΔͷͰɺ Service Worker
Ͱ༗ޮԽ͢Δ feature toggle ͷϑϥά໊ΛϦΫΤετͷϔομʹ෇༩͠·͢ɻ
ϦΫΤετϔομʹ feature ﬂag ͷ৘ใΛؚ·ͤΔ͜ͱͰɺΫϥΠΞϯτͰϑϥάΛ؅ཧ͠ͳ͕Β
SSR ࣌ʹ feature ﬂag Λϔομ͔ΒऔΓग़͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͠·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 1.3: serviceWorker.js
1: self.addEventListener("fetch", (event) => {
2: if (process.env.NODE_ENV === "production") {
3: return;
4: }
5:
6: const callback = async () => {
7: const baseRequest = event.request.clone();
8:
9: // ϔομʔʹ feature toggle ͷ৘ใΛ෇༩ͨ͠ HTTP ϦΫΤετΛੜ੒
10: const request = await appendFeatureToggleRequest(baseRequest);
11:
12: return fetch(request);
13: };
14:
15: event.respondWith(callback());
16: });
FetchEvent ͷ respondWith ϝιουΛ࢖༻͢Δ͜ͱͰɺΠϕϯτΛൃߦ͢ΔτϦΨͱͳͬͨ
HTTP ϦΫΤετΛϓϩΩγͰ͖·͢ɻ
·ͨɺ ຊ൪؀ڥͰ͸ HTTP ϦΫΤετΛϓϩΩγ͠ͳ͍Α͏ʹ؀ڥม਺Λݟͯ֘౰؀ڥͷ৔߹ʹ
ॲཧΛΩϟϯηϧ͠·͢ɻ
1.4 feature toggle ؅ཧ
Service Worker ͸ඇಉظʹಈ࡞͢ΔͨΊɺಉظॲཧΛඞཁͱ͢Δ session storage ΍ local s
torage ͸࢖͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·ͤΜɻ
ϒϥ΢βʹ͸ indexedDB ͱ͍͏ඇಉظʹ௨৴Ͱ͖Δܰྔͳ DB ͕༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯΔͨΊɺ feature
toggle ͷ؅ཧʹ͸͜ΕΛ࢖༻͠·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 1.4: featureToggleDb.ts
1: const DB = {
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ୈ 1 ষ Service Worker Λհͨ͠ feature toggle ؅ཧ 1.4 feature toggle ؅ཧ
2: featureToggle: {
3: name: "featureToggle",
4: version: 1,
5: storeNames: ["featureToggles"],
6: },
7: } as const;
8:
9: const openDb = async (db: keyof typeof DB): Promise => {
10: return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
11: const requst = indexedDB.open(DB[db].name, DB[db].version);
12:
13: requst.onupgradeneeded = async () => {
14: switch (db) {
15: case "featureToggle": {
16: await migrationFeatureToggles(requst.result);
17: return;
18: }
19: }
20: };
21:
22: requst.onsuccess = () => {
23: resolve(requst.result);
24: };
25:
26: requst.onerror = () => {
27: reject(requst.error);
28: };
29:
30: requst.onblocked = () => {
31: reject(requst.error);
32: };
33: });
34: };
35:
36: const initialFeatureToggles = {
37: test: true,
38: };
39:
40: const migrationFeatureToggles = (db: IDBDatabase): Promise => {
41: return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
42: const objectStore = db.createObjectStore(DB.featureToggle.storeNames[0], {
43: keyPath: "name",
44: });
45:
46: objectStore.transaction.oncomplete = () => {
47: const transaction = db.transaction(
48: DB.featureToggle.storeNames[0],
49: "readwrite"
50: );
51:
52: const featureToggleStore = transaction.objectStore(
53: DB.featureToggle.storeNames[0]
54: );
55:
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ୈ 1 ষ Service Worker Λհͨ͠ feature toggle ؅ཧ 1.5 feature toggle ͷ SSR ରԠ
56: Object.entries(initialFeatureToggles).map(([flagName, enabled]) => {
57: featureToggleStore.add({ name: flagName, enabled });
58: });
59:
60: resolve();
61: };
62:
63: objectStore.transaction.onerror = () => {
64: reject(objectStore.transaction.error);
65: };
66: });
67: };
indexedDB Λ࢖༻͢Δʹ͸ɺ window.indexedDB.open ϝιουΛ࢖༻͠·͢ɻ
indexedDB ͷ open ϝιουΛ࣮ߦ͢Δࡍʹ͸ DB ໊ͱ 0 ΑΓେ͖͍ͷ೚ҙͷ version Λࢦఆ͠
·͢ɻ
ࢦఆͨ͠ version ͷ DB ͕·ͩ࡞੒͞Ε͍ͯͳ͚Ε͹ onupgradeneeded event ͕ൃߦ͞ΕΔͷ
Ͱɺ͜ͷΠϕϯτൃߦ࣌ʹ feature ﬂag Λ؅ཧ͢Δ ObjectStore Λ࡞੒͠·͢ɻ
ObjectStore ͱ͸ɺ RDB Ͱ͍͏ςʔϒϧͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷͰɺ ObjectStore ࡞੒࣌ʹ keyPath ͱ͍
͏ index Λ࡞੒͠·͢ɻ
ObjectStore ͷσʔλૢ࡞͸͢΂ͯτϥϯβΫγϣϯ಺Ͱߦ͍·͢ɻ
1.5 feature toggle ͷ SSR ରԠ
SSR ݁ՌΛϦΫΤετ͢Δࡍʹ Service Worker ͰϦΫΤετϔομ಺ʹ feature toggle ৘ใΛ
ࡌͤͯɺαʔόϓϩηεͰ֘౰ϔομͷ৘ใΛऔΓग़͠·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 1.5: featureToggleDb.ts
1: export const getFeatureToggles = async () => {
2: return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
3: const db = await openDb("featureToggle").catch((error) => {
4: if (error instanceof DOMException) {
5: return error;
6: }
7:
8: return Promise.reject(error);
9: });
10:
11: if (db instanceof Error) {
12: console.log(db);
13: return;
14: }
15:
16: const transaction = db.transaction(
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17: DB.featureToggle.storeNames[0],
18: "readonly"
19: );
20:
21: const featureToggleStore = transaction.objectStore(
22: DB.featureToggle.storeNames[0]
23: );
24:
25: const request = featureToggleStore.getAll();
26:
27: request.onsuccess = () => {
28: resolve(request.result);
29: db.close();
30: };
31:
32: request.onerror = () => {
33: reject(request.error);
34: db.close();
35: };
36: });
37: };
Ϧετ 1.6: serviceWorker.js
1: const appendFeatureToggleRequest = async (request: Request) => {
2: const defaultHeaders = Object.fromEntries(request.headers.entries());
3:
4: const featureToggles = await getFeatureToggles();
5:
6: const enabledToggleNames = featureToggles
7: .filter(({ enabled }) => enabled)
8: .map(({ name }) => name)
9: .join(",");
10:
11: const appendFeatureToggleRequest = new Request(request, {
12: headers: {
13: ...defaultHeaders,
14: ["Dev-Feature-Toggle"]: enabledToggleNames,
15: },
16: });
17:
18: return appendFeatureToggleRequest;
19: };
20:
21: self.addEventListener("fetch", (event) => {
23: return;
24: }
25:
26: const callback = async () => {
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27: const baseRequest = event.request.clone();
28:
29: // ϔομʹ feature toggle ͷ৘ใΛ෇༩ͨ͠ HTTP ϦΫΤετΛੜ੒
30: const request = await appendFeatureToggleRequest(baseRequest);
31:
32: return fetch(request);
33: };
34:
35: event.respondWith(callback());
36: });
Ϧετ 1.7: index.tsx
1: const Home = ({ featureToggle }) => {
2: return (
3: <>
4: {featureToggle?.test ? new : old}
5: >
6: );
7: };
8:
9: export default Home;
10:
11: const httpHeadersToEnabledToggleNames = (
12: httpHeaders: IncomingHttpHeaders
13: ) => {
14: const toggleHeader = httpHeaders["Dev-Feature-Toggle".toLowerCase()];
15:
16: const value = Array.isArray(toggleHeader) ? toggleHeader[0] : toggleHeader;
17:
18: const enabledToggleNames = value?.split(",");
19:
20: return enabledToggleNames;
21: };
22:
23: const generateFeatureFlags = (enabledToggleNames?: string[]) => {
25: return initialFeatureToggles;
26: }
27:
28: const enabledToggleEntries = enabledToggleNames?.map(
29: (flagName) => [flagName, true] as const
30: );
31:
32: const toggles = {
33: ...initialFeatureToggles,
34: ...Object.fromEntries(enabledToggleEntries ?? []),
35: };
36:
37: return toggles;
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ୈ 1 ষ Service Worker Λհͨ͠ feature toggle ؅ཧ 1.6 ऴΘΓʹ
38: };
39:
40: export const getServerSideProps = async (
41: context
42: ) => {
43: const enabledToggleNames = httpHeadersToEnabledToggleNames(
44: context.req.headers
45: );
46: const toggles = generateFeatureFlags(enabledToggleNames);
47:
48: return {
49: props: {
50: featureToggle: toggles,
51: },
52: };
53: };
ϦΫΤετϔομʹࡌͤͨ feature toggle ͸ getServersideProps ಺Ͱऔಘ͠ Page ͷ props ʹઃ
ఆ͠·͢ɻ
ϖʔδ͝ͱʹϔομΛऔಘ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺ feature toggle Λඞཁͱ͠ͳ͍ϖʔδ͸੩తੜ੒͢ΔͳͲ
࠷దԽ͞ΕΔΑ͏ʹ͠·͢ɻ
1.6 ऴΘΓʹ
͜ͷΑ͏ʹͯ͠ΫϥΠΞϯτͰ feature toggle Λ؅ཧ͠ͳ͕Β SSR ʹରԠͰ͖·͢ɻ
ϖʔδͷԼҐ૚ͰϚ΢ϯτ͞ΕΔίϯϙʔωϯτͰ feature toggle Λ࢖༻ͯ͠ϨϯμϦϯάΛ෼
ذͤ͞Δͱ͖ʹ͸ React.Context Λ࢖༻͢Δ͜ͱΛݕ౼ͯ͠΋ྑͦ͞͏Ͱ͢ɻ
ࠓճͷ͜ͷ Service Worker Λ༻͍ͨ feature toggle ͷ؅ཧํ๏͸ API ϞοΫΛ͢ΔͨΊͷπʔ
ϧ ʮMock Service Worker*4ʯ ʹண૝ΛಘͯԠ༻ͨ͠ྫʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
Service Worker Λ׆༻͢Δ͜ͱͰ΋ͬͱ͓΋͠Ζ͍͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͦ͏ͳؾ͕͢ΔͷͰҾ͖ଓ͖ݚڀ
͍͖ͯ͠·͢ɻ
*4 MSW: https://mswjs.io/
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ୈ 2 ষ
Haskell ͷ੩తαΠτδΣωϨʔλʔ
ଟ͘ͷϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠʹ͸੩తͳ Web ϖʔδΛੜ੒͢ΔͨΊͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰ͋Δ
ʮ੩తαΠτδΣωϨʔλʔʯ͕ଘࡏ͠·͢ɻͨͱ͑͹༗໊ͳ΋ͷͰɺRuby ͷ Jekyll*1 ΍ Go ͷ
Hugo*2 ͳͲ͕͋Γ·͢Ͷɻࠓճ͸ϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠ Haskell ͷ੩తαΠτδΣωϨʔλʔΛ঺հ
͠·͢ɻ
Haskell
Haskell ͸࣍ͷΑ͏ͳಛ௃Λ࣋ͭϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠͰ͢ɻ
• ڧྗͳ੩తܕ෇͚ʢܕϨϕϧϓϩάϥϛϯάͳͲ΋Մೳʣ
• ڧྗͳϝλϓϩάϥϛϯάʢTemplate Haskell ͳͲʣ
• ஗ԆධՁʢࣜ͸ར༻͢ΔλΠϛϯά·ͰධՁ͞Εͳ͍ʣ
• ڧྗͳฒߦॲཧʢܰྔεϨου΍ιϑτ΢ΣΞτϥϯβΫγϣϯϝϞϦͳͲʣ
Haskell Ͱ͸ɺখͯ͘͞γϯϓϧͳؔ਺Λ༻ҙ͠ɺͦΕΒΛؔ਺߹੒͢ΔܗͰϓϩάϥϜΛ૊Έཱ
ͯΔͷ͕جຊʹͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ·ͨɺϞφυͱ Do ه๏ͱ͍͏ػೳΛར༻ͯ͠ɺ͋Δछͷ಺෦ DSL
ͷΑ͏ͳॻ͖ํΛ࣮ݱͨ͠Γ͠·͢ɻࠓճ͸͋Δҙຯɺ੩తαΠτδΣωϨʔλʔΛ૊ΈཱͯΔͨΊ
ͷ಺෦ DSL ͷΑ͏ͳه๏Λར༻͠·͢ɻ
2.1 Hakyll
Haskell ͷ੩తαΠτδΣωϨʔλʔͷ͏ͪɺ࠷΋༗໊ͳͷ͕ Hakyll*3 Ͱ͢ɻHakyll ͷόʔδϣ
ϯ 1.0 ͕ग़ͨͷ͕ 2010 ೥*4Ͱ͢ͷͰɺൺֱతྺ࢙ͷ௕͍ϓϩδΣΫτͰ͢Ͷɻଞͷϓϩάϥϛϯά
ݴޠͷ੩తαΠτδΣωϨʔλʔͱͷେ͖ͳҧ͍͸ɺ੩తαΠτδΣωϨʔλʔࣗ਎Λϓϩάϥϛϯ
ά͢Δ఺ʹ͋Γ·͢ɻ
*1 https://jekyllrb.com
*2 https://gohugo.io
*3 https://jaspervdj.be/hakyll/
*4 https://github.com/jaspervdj/hakyll/tree/hakyll-1.0
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ୈ 2 ষ Haskell ͷ੩తαΠτδΣωϨʔλʔ 2.1 Hakyll
ଞͷϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠͷ੩తαΠτδΣωϨʔλʔͷ৔߹ɺ༻ҙ͞Εͨ CLI πʔϧ΁ҎԼͷ
ϑΝΠϧ܈Λ༩͑ͯ੩తͳ Web αΠτͷϑΝΠϧ܈Λੜ੒͠·͢ɿ
• YAML ΍ JSON Ͱॻ͔ΕͨઃఆϑΝΠϧ
• ֤ϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠʹͷͬͱͬͨςϯϓϨʔτه๏ΛؚΉ HTML ϑΝΠϧͳͲ
• ϚʔΫμ΢ϯͳͲͰهड़ͨ͠هࣄ༻ͷจॻ
Hakyll ͷ৔߹ɺͦ΋ͦ΋༻ҙ͞Εͨ CLI πʔϧ͕͋Γ·ͤΜɻࣗ਎Ͱϓϩάϥϛϯάͯ͠ CLI
πʔϧΛ༻ҙ͠ɺ্هͷΑ͏ͳϑΝΠϧ܈Λ࢖ͬͨπʔϧΛ࡞੒͠·͢ɻ
੩తαΠτδΣωϨʔλʔΛ࡞Δ
Hakyll ͷެࣜαΠτ͔ΒαϯϓϧίʔυΛҾ༻͖ͯ͠·ͨ͠ɻ
main :: IO ()
main = hakyll $ do
-- Static files
match "images/*" $ do
route idRoute
compile copyFileCompiler
-- Pages
match "post/*.md" $ do
route $ setExtention "html"
compile $ pandocCompiler
>>= loadAndApplyTemplate "templates/post.html" defaultContext
ͬ͘͟Γ 2 ͭͷϒϩοΫʹ෼͔Ε͍ͯΔͷ͕Θ͔Δ͸ͣͰ͢ɻલ൒͸੩తͳϑΝΠϧΛͦͷ··
ίϐʔ͍ͯ͠Δ͚ͩͰ͢ɻޙ൒͸ϚʔΫμ΢ϯͰهड़ͨ͠จॻΛ Pandoc*5 Λར༻ͯ͠ HTML ʹ
ม׵͍ͯ͠·͢ɻPandoc ͸ Haskell ੡ͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰɺϚʔΫμ΢ϯͱ HTML ͷ΄͔ʹɺ
LaTeX ΍ reStructuredText ͳͲ͞·͟·ͳϚʔΫΞοϓݴޠΛ૬ޓม׵ͯ͘͠Ε·͢ɻ͜ͷ࣌ʹ
࢖͏ HTML ςϯϓϨʔτΛ loadAndApplyTemplate ؔ਺Ͱࢦఆ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ
֤ϒϩοΫʹ͸ 3 ͭͷϑΣʔζ͕͋Γ·͢ɿ
• match : ೖྗͱͯ͠࢖͏ϑΝΠϧͷબ୒
• route : ग़ྗઌͷϑΝΠϧͷࢦఆʢ֦ுࢠ΍ύεΛॻ͖׵͑Δʣ
• compile : ೖྗϑΝΠϧͷத਎Λॻ͖׵͑Δ
લ൒Ͱ࢖͍ͬͯΔ idRoute ͷ id ͸ identity ͷུশͰɺ߃౳ࣸ૾ʢ\x -> xʣͷ͜ͱΛࢦ͍ͯ͠
·͢ɻͭ·Γɺग़ྗઌͷϑΝΠϧ໊͸ೖྗͱಉ͡ͱ͍͏͜ͱͰ͢ͶɻloadAndApplyTemplate ͷ࠷
ޙʹ౉͍ͯ͠Δ defaultContext ͸ςϯϓϨʔτ಺Ͱར༻Ͱ͖Δม਺܈ͰɺContext ܕʹͳ͍ͬͯ
*5 https://pandoc.org
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ୈ 2 ষ Haskell ͷ੩తαΠτδΣωϨʔλʔ 2.1 Hakyll
·͢ɻͨͱ͑͹ɺλά΍೔෇ͳͲΛςϯϓϨʔτͰهड़͍ͨ͠৔߹͸ɺdefaultContext Ͱ͸ͳࣗ͘
਎ͰΧελϚΠζͨ͠΋ͷΛ࢖͍·͢ɻ
ྫɿΞʔΧΠϒϖʔδʹϖʔδωʔγϣϯΛೖΕΔ
ࣗ਎Ͱ੩తαΠτδΣωϨʔλʔΛΧελϚΠζͰ͖ΔྫΛ঺հ͠·͢ɻ·ͣ͸ɺաڈʹ౤ߘͨ͠
هࣄͷҰཡϖʔδʢΞʔΧΠϒϖʔδʣΛੜ੒͢Δ Rule Λॻ͍ͯΈ·͢ɿ
create ["archive.html"] $ do
route idRoute
compile $ do
posts <- loadAll "posts/*"
let archiveCtx = mconcat
[ listField "posts" defaultContext (pure posts)
, defaultContext
]
makeItem ""
>>= loadAndApplyTemplate "templates/archive.html" archiveCtx
ΞʔΧΠϒϖʔδ͸ɺࠓ·ͰͷͱҟͳΓݩʹͳΔهࣄ΍σʔλ͕ͳ͘ɺθϩ͔Β HTML ϑΝΠϧ
Λੜ੒͢ΔͷͰ match ؔ਺ͷ୅ΘΓʹɹ create ؔ਺Λ࢖͍·͢ɻΞʔΧΠϒϖʔδͷςϯϓϨʔ
τͰ͸هࣄͷҰཡʢλΠτϧͱϦϯΫʣΛ౉ͯ͠ϧʔϓͰॲཧ͢Δ͜ͱΛߟ͑·͢ɻͦͷ৘ใΛ౉͢
ͨΊʹɺઐ༻ͷ Context Λ archiveCtx ͱͯ͠࡞͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ
͜ͷ··ͩͱɺ͢΂ͯͷهࣄ͕ 1 ϖʔδʹζϥʔͬͱฒͿͷͰϖʔδ෼͚ʢϖʔδωʔγϣϯʣΛ
͠·͢ɻHakyll Ͱϖʔδωʔγϣϯ͢Δʹ͸ buildPaginateWith ؔ਺ͱ paginateRules ؔ਺Λ
࢖͍·͢ɿ
archive <- buildPaginateWith
(return . paginateEvery 10) -- 10هࣄͣͭʹ۠੾Δ
"posts/*"
(\pageNum -> fromFilePath ("archive/" ++ show pageNum <.> "html"))
paginateRules archive $ \pageNum pat -> do
route idRoute
compile $ do
posts <- loadAll pat
let archiveCtx = mconcat
[ listField "posts" defaultContext (return posts)
, paginateContext archive pageNum
, defaultContext
]
makeItem ""
>>= loadAndApplyTemplate "templates/archive.html" archiveCtx
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ୈ 2 ষ Haskell ͷ੩తαΠτδΣωϨʔλʔ 2.2 Slick
ϖʔδωʔγϣϯͷೖྗઌͱग़ྗઌͷઃఆΛ buildPaginateWith ؔ਺Ͱ༻ҙͯ͠ paginateRul
es ؔ਺Ͱग़ྗํ๏Λنఆ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻϖʔδωʔγϣϯ͞ΕͨςϯϓϨʔτʹ͸ɺલޙͷϖʔδ൪
߸ͱϦϯΫͳͲͷ৘ใ͕ඞཁͰ͢ΑͶʁ ͦΕΛ૊ΈཱͯΔͷ͕ paginateContext ؔ਺Ͱ͢ɻଞ͸
جຊɺલͷঢ়ଶͱಉ͡Ͱ͢Ͷɻ
2.2 Slick
Haskell ͷ੩తαΠτδΣωϨʔλʔ͸ఆظతʹ৽͍͠ίϯηϓτͷ΋ͷ͕ग़͖ͯ·͢ɻࠓճ͸
Hakyll ͷ΄͔ʹࢲ͕ར༻͍ͯ͠Δ Slick*6 ΋঺հ͠·͢ɻ
Slick ΋ Hakyll ͱಉ͡Α͏ʹɺ੩తαΠτδΣωϨʔλʔࣗମΛϓϩάϥϛϯά͠·͢ɻSlick ͷ
README ʹ͸ Hakyll ͷܽ఺ͱͯ͠ɺHakyll ༻ͷಠࣗϞφυͷ෦෼ʹ͍ΖΜͳίϯςΩετ͕Ӆ
ณ͞Ε͓ͯΓɺશମ૾Λ೺Ѳ͢Δͷ͕ඇৗʹࠔ೉ͳ఺͕͋͛ΒΕ͍ͯ·͢ɻͦͷͨΊɺΑΓγϯϓϧ
Ͱѻ͍΍͍͢΋ͷΛ໨ࢦ͍ͯ͠ΔΑ͏Ͱ͢ɻSlick ͷಛ௃ͱͯ͠ɺ಺෦తͳॲཧΛ΄͔ͷ͘͠Έʹҕ
Ͷ͍ͯΔ఺͕͋͛ΒΕ·͢ɿ
• ϏϧυγεςϜʹ͸ Shake*7 Λར༻͍ͯ͠Δʢఏڙ͢ΔαϒίϚϯυ΍Ϗϧυ݁ՌͷΩϟο
γϡͳͲʣ
• Markdown ͔Β HTML ΁ͷม׵͸ Pandoc Λར༻͍ͯ͠ΔʢHakyll ͱಉ͡ʣ
• ςϯϓϨʔτͷϨϯμϦϯάʹ͸ Mustache*8 Λར༻͍ͯ͠Δ
Shake ͸ Make ͷ୅ସΛ໨ࢦͨ͠ Haskell Ͱهड़Ͱ͖ΔϏϧυγεςϜͰ͢ɻHaskell ͷσϑΝΫ
τελϯμʔτͳॲཧܥͰ͋Δ GHC Ͱ΋ར༻͞Ε͍ͯ·͢*9ɻMustache ͸ಛఆͷϓϩάϥϛϯά
ݴޠʹґଘ͠ͳ͍൚༻ͷςϯϓϨʔτΤϯδϯͰ͢ɻHaskell ࣮૷΋ଘࡏ͠ɺͦΕΛར༻͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ
ྫɿهࣄͷϖʔδੜ੒
ྫͱͯ͠ɺϚʔΫμ΢ϯͰهड़͞ΕͨهࣄΛ HTML ʹม׵͢Δ෦෼Λࣔ͠·͢*10ɿ
data Post =
Post { title :: String
, author :: String
, date :: String
, image :: Maybe String
, content :: String
}
*6 https://github.com/ChrisPenner/slick
*7 https://shakebuild.com
*8 https://mustache.github.io/
*9 ΑΓਖ਼֬ʹ͸ɺShake Λϕʔεʹͯ͠ GHC ༻ʹ։ൃ͞Ε͍ͯΔ Hadrian ͱ͍͏ϏϧυγεςϜͰ͢ɻhttps:
//gitlab.haskell.org/ghc/ghc/-/wikis/building/hadrian
*10 https://github.com/ChrisPenner/slick-template ΑΓൈਮ
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ୈ 2 ষ Haskell ͷ੩తαΠτδΣωϨʔλʔ 2.3 ऴΘΓʹ
deriving (Generic, Eq, Ord, Show, FromJSON, ToJSON, Binary)
buildPosts :: Action [Post]
buildPosts = do
paths <- getDirectoryFiles "." ["site/posts//*.md"]
forP paths buildPost
buildPost :: FilePath -> Action Post
buildPost srcPath = cacheAction ("build" :: T.Text, srcPath) $ do
content <- readFile’ srcPath
postData <- mmarkdownToHTML’ @Post (T.pack content)
template <- compileTemplate’ "templates/post.html"
writeFile’ (outputFolder > dropDirectory1 (srcPath -<.> "html")) $
T.unpack (substitute template postData)
convert postData
΍͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱ͸ Hakyll ͷͱ͖ͱ΄ͱΜͲಉ͡Ͱ͢ɻ৑௕ʹͳͬͯ·͕͢ɺ୅ΘΓʹશମ૾͕ͭ
͔Έ΍͍͢͸ͣͰ͢ɻ
Slick ͷ৔߹ɺHakyll ͷ Context ܕͷΑ͏ͳςϯϓϨʔτʹ౉͢৘ใΛɺͦΕͧΕͷܕͰಠࣗʹ
ఆٛ͢Δ͜ͱΛ૝ఆ͞Ε͓ͯΓɺPost ܕ͕ͦΕʹ͋ͨΓ·͢ɻmmarkdownToHTML’ ؔ਺͕ Pandoc
Λར༻ͯ͠ϚʔΫμ΢ϯΛ HTML ΁ม׵͍ͯ͠·͢ɻͦͷࡍʹɺFront Matter ͷ৘ใΛ Post ܕ
΁ม׵͍ͯ͠·͢ɻcontent ϑΟʔϧυͷ෦෼͚ͩ͸ɺFront Matter Ͱ͸ͳ͘ຊจͰ͢ɻcompile
Template’ ͸ Mustache ͷςϯϓϨʔτϑΝΠϧΛಡΈࠐΈɺsubstitute ؔ਺ͰςϯϓϨʔτ಺
ͷม਺Λ Post ܕͷ஋Λݩʹஔ͖׵͍͑ͯ·͢ɻcacheAction ؔ਺͸ Shake ͷؔ਺ͰɺϑΝΠϧͷ
มߋΛݕ஌͠มߋ͕͋ͬͨ৔߹ʹ͚ͩੜ੒͠௚͢෦෼ͷఆٛΛ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ
2.3 ऴΘΓʹ
ࠓճ͸ Haskell ͷ੩తαΠτδΣωϨʔλʔͱͯ͠ݹ͔͘Β࢖ΘΕ͍ͯΔ Hakyll ͱɺൺֱత৽
͍͠ Slick Λ঺հ͠·ͨ͠ɻͨͩ୯ʹϚʔΫμ΢ϯͰهࣄΛॻ͖ɺ੩తαΠτΛ࡞Δ͚ͩͰ͋Ε͹
Jekyll ΍ Hugo Ͱ΋ྑ͍ͱࢥ͍·͢ɻͨͩɺJekyll ΍ Hugo Λ࢖ͬͨ͜ͱΛɺRuby ΍ Go Ͱϓϩ
άϥϛϯάͨ͠ͱ͸ݴ͍͕͍ͨͰ͢ΑͶʁ ͔͠͠ɺHakyll ΍ Slick Ͱ͋Ε͹ɺHaskell Ͱϓϩάϥ
ϛϯάͨ͠ͱݴͬͯ΋աݴͰ͸ͳ͍͸ͣͰ͢ɻͰ͢ͷͰɺHaskell Λ࢖ͬͯΈ͍͚ͨͲಛʹॻ͖͍ͨ
ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕ͳ͍ͱ͍͏ਓ͸ɺࢼ͠ʹ࢖ͬͯΈͯ͸Ͳ͏Ͱ͠ΐ͏͔ɻ
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ୈ 3 ষ
Clojure Ͱ࢝ΊΔ࢓༷෼ੳ
3.1 ͸͡Ίʹ
Έͳ͞Μɺ࢓༷ॻಡΜͰ͍·͔͢ʁ
ੈͷதʹ͸࢓༷ॻΛಡΉ͜ͱ΍ઃܭ͢Δ͜ͱ͸ଟ͋͘Γ·͕͢ɺ࣌ʹ࢓༷ॻͷͳ͍ശΛૢ࡞͢Δ
ඞཁʹഭΒΕΔ͜ͱ͕͋Γ·͢ɻࠓճ͸ͦΜͳ࢓༷ॻͷͳ͍ശΛૢ࡞ͨ͠ͱ͖ʹ࢓༷ॻΛ࿉੒ͨ͠ɺ
ͪΐͬͱมΘͬͨΤϯδχΞϦϯάʢʁʣΛ঺հ͠·͢ɻ
͕͖ͨͩ͠
ຊষͰ঺հ͢Δ಺༰͸ MIXI ࣾͰ࣮ࡍʹ࢖ΘΕ͍ͯΔσʔλɺ࢓༷ͱ͸ԿΒؔ܎͕͋Γ·ͤΜɻ
3.2 ঢ়گઃఆ
͋ͳͨ͸ɺͱ͋ΔλϫʔσΟϑΣϯεήʔϜͷσόοάΛ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ
σόοά಺༰ͱͯ͠͸ɺࢿྉ 1 ͷΫΤετʹ͍ͭͯɺμϛʔͷσʔλΛ࡞ͬͯήʔϜͷڍಈʹᴥᴪ
͕ͳ͍͔ΛνΣοΫ͢Δɺͱ͍͏΋ͷͰ͢ɻ
ͳ͓ɺμϛʔͷσʔλʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɺࢿྉ 2 ͷαϯϓϧΛࢀߟʹదٓௐ੔͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
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ୈ 3 ষ Clojure Ͱ࢝ΊΔ࢓༷෼ੳ 3.2 ঢ়گઃఆ
ࢿྉ 1
ਤ 3.1: ΫΤετͷྲྀΕਤ
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ୈ 3 ষ Clojure Ͱ࢝ΊΔ࢓༷෼ੳ 3.2 ঢ়گઃఆ
ࢿྉ 2
։ൃνʔϜ͔Βڞ༗͞Εͨαϯϓϧσʔλͱͦͷઆ໌
event_quest_sample.json
{
"dataId": "event_quest",
"eventQuestId": "20220801",
"title": "εϖγϟϧΫΤετ1",
"updatedAt": "20220715133011",
"stages": [
{
"teki_count": 25,
"teki": [
{"id": 1, "level": 60, "count": 15, "type": 1},
{"id": 2, "level": 55, "count": 10, "type": 1}
],
"teki_syutugen": "0000",
},
{
"teki_count": 40,
"teki": [
],
},
{
"teki_count": 15,
"teki": [
],
}
]
}
։ൃνʔϜ͔Βڞ༗͞Εͨϝοηʔδ.txt
ఴ෇ͨ͠Ϛελσʔλͷ event_quest_sample.json ΛϕʔεʹΫΤετΛ࡞Ε·͢ɻ
εςʔδͷઃఆͱͯ͠͸ɺ1ͭ໨ͷεςʔδͰ͸0෼ɺ2ͭ໨ͷεςʔδͰ͸1෼ɺ3ͭ໨ͷεςʔδͰ͸2෼30ඵ
Ͱఢ͕ग़ݱ͠·͢ɻ 2ͭ໨ͷεςʔδͰதϘε͕5ମɺ3ͭ໨ͷεςʔδͰϘε͕1ମग़ݱ͠·͢ɻ
ͦΕͧΕͷϚελσʔλ͸ɺ؅ཧը໘͔Βೖߘ͢Δ͜ͱͰ൓өͰ͖·͢ͷͰɺσόοάΑΖ͓͘͠ئ͍͠·͢ɻ
ಛʹݟͯཉ͍͠؍఺ͱͯ͠͸ɺఢͷλΠϓ͕Ϙε (type = 3) ͷͱ͖ʹϘεͷϚʔΫ͕֘౰ͷఢΩϟϥΫλʹ
෇༩͞ΕΔͱ͜ΖͰ͢ɻ
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ୈ 3 ষ Clojure Ͱ࢝ΊΔ࢓༷෼ੳ 3.3 ࢓༷ͷ෼ੳΛ͠Α͏
3.3 ࢓༷ͷ෼ੳΛ͠Α͏
͜͜·Ͱདྷͯ໰୊ͱͳΔͷ͕ɺ event_quest_sample.json ʹ͍ͭͯ ๻Β͸Ұ੾ͷ࢓༷Λ஌Βͳ
͍ ɺͱ͍͏఺Ͱ͢ɻ
៛ີͳ࢓༷Λ༻ҙͯ͠΋Β͏ʹ͸ίετ͕͔͔Γ·͢͠ɺखݩͰ͋Δఔ౓ͷ࢓༷ͷ͋ͨΓΛ͚ͭ
ͯɺ͍͔ͭ͘ͷٙ໰఺͸։ൃνʔϜ΁దٓڞ༗ͭͭ͠σόοάΛ׬ྃͤ͞ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΓ·ͤΜɻ
্ઃఆʹ͓͍ͯద༻Ͱ͖ΔΞϓϩʔν͸͍͔ͭ͋͘Δͱࢥ͍·͕͢ɺࠓճ͸ ࠓ͋ΔσʔλΛύʔ
εͯ͠ܕʹམͱ͠ࠐΈɺٯʹੜ੒Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ͳπʔϧΛ࡞Δ ͜ͱͰରԠͯ͠Έ·͢ɻ
Clojure ͱܕ
Clojure ͱ͍͏ͷ͸ಈతϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠͷҰͭͰɺ͔ͳΓಠಛͷܕʹ͍ͭͯͷߟ͑Λ͍࣋ͬͯ
·͢ɻͦͯ͜͠ͷಠಛͳܕ΁ͷߟ͑ํ͕ɺࠓճͷΑ͏ͳಾͳσʔλͷ෼ੳʹඇৗʹ༗ྗͳπʔϧͱͳ
Γ·͢ɻ
ࠓճ͸ Clojure Ͱ༗ྗͳܕͷఆٛΛิॿ͢ΔϥΠϒϥϦͱͯ͠ malli *1 Λར༻͖ͯ͠·͢ɻ
·ͣ͸ Level ͱ͍͏ 1 ͔Β 100 ͷ int ͷ஋ ͷܕΛఆٛͯ͠Έ·͢ɻ
small_sample1.clj
(ns domain.sample
(:require [malli.core :as m]))
(def Level [:and :int [:> 0] [:<= 100]]) ; int Ͱ 0 ΑΓେ͖͘ 100 ҎԼͰ͋Δ
;; ΠϯλϓϦλςετ
(m/validate Level 0) ; => false
(m/validate Level 1) ; => true
(m/validate Level 100) ; => true
(m/validate Level 101) ; => false
͜ͷΑ͏ʹɺ type Level int (golang) ͷΑ͏ͳܕఆٛΑΓ΋ৄࡉʹσʔλͷܕΛఆٛɾνΣο
ΫͰ͖·͢ɻಈతܕ෇͖ݴޠͳΒͰ͸ͷܳ౰Ͱ͕͢ɺ ্ͷྫͷΑ͏ʹ Clojure ͸ɺJavaScript ͷΑ
͏ͳ΄͔ͷಈతܕ෇͖ݴޠΑΓ΋ɺσʔλͷܕʹ͍ͭͯஸೡʹѻ͑Δͷ͕ັྗͷҰͭͰ͢ɻ
·ͨ͜ͷಈతͳੑ࣭Λར༻ͯ͠ɺ࣍ͷΑ͏ͳؔ਺Λ࡞Δ͜ͱͰɺσʔλͷαϯϓϦϯά͕Ͱ͖·͢
*2ɻ
*1 https://github.com/metosin/malli
*2 malli ͷػೳΛ࢖͑͹αϯϓϦϯάؔ਺͸ࣗಈੜ੒Ͱ͖ΔͷͰ͕͢ɺنଇੑΛ΋ͨͤͨαϯϓϦϯάͳͲ͕೉͍ͨ͠Ίɺ
ຊষΛॻ͍ͨਓ͸ಠࣗͰؔ਺Λ࡞ΔํΛ͓קΊ͍ͯ͠·͢
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small_sample2.clj
(ns domain.sample
(defn my-validate [spec value]
(or
;; ࢓༷Λຬ͍ͨͯ͠Ε͹ true
(m/validate spec value)
;; ࢓༷Λຬ͍ͨͯ͠ͳ͚Ε͹ΤϥʔΛ౤͛Δ
(throw (ex-info "invalid spec" {:spec spec :value value}))))
(defn generate-level []
;; αϯϓϦϯάͨ͠ฦΓ஋͕࢓༷Λຬ͍ͨͯ͠ͳ͚Ε͹ΤϥʔΛ౤͛Δ
{:post [(my-validate Level %)]}
(inc (rand-int 100)))
(generate-level) ; => 54 etc.
·ͨ Clojure ͷ͜ͷख๏ͷ΋͏ҰͭͷڧΈͱͯ͠ɺ σʔλؒͷؔ܎Λܕʹམͱ͠ࠐΊΔ ͱ͍͏΋
ͷ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ۩ମతͳαϯϓϧͱͯ͠ɺ ఢͷϦετ teki ͱఢͷ਺Λද͢ teki_count Λ࣋ͭ
teki_setting ͱ͍͏஋ ͷܕΛఆٛͯ͠Έ·͢ɻ
small_sample3.clj
(ns domain.sample
(def Teki
[:map
[:id [:int]]
[:level Level] ; લʹఆٛͨ͠ Level ܕ
[:count [:and :int [:> 0]]]
[:type [:enum 1 2 3]]])
(def TekiSetting
[:and
[:map ; ҎԼͷΩʔΛ࣋ͭࣙॻߏ଄
[:teki-count [:and :int [:> 0]]] ; teki-count ͸ 0 Ҏ্
[:teki [:vector {:min 1} Teki]]]
[:fn (fn [{:keys [teki-count teki]}]
;; teki-count ͸ (-> teki :count) ͷ߹ܭͱҰக͢Δ
(= teki-count (apply + (map :count teki))))]])
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(m/validate TekiSetting
{:teki-count 30
:teki [{:id 1 :level 2 :count 10 :type 1}
{:id 2 :level 3 :count 20 :type 1}]}) ; => true
(m/validate TekiSetting
{:teki-count 30
{:id 2 :level 3 :count 30 :type 1}]}) ; => false
Clojure Λ࢖ͬͯϓϩάϨογϒʹ࢓༷Λ෼ੳͯ͠ΈΔ
͜ͷઅͰ͸͍Α͍Αݩͷ event_quest_stages.json Λ෼ੳ͍͖ͯ͠·͢ɻ
෼ੳखॱ͸ҎԼͷ 2 εςοϓ͔ΒͳΓ·͢ɻ
1. Ͱ͖Δ͚ͩݻఆ஋ͷܕ (= ཁૉ 1 ͷ Enum) Λ෇͚͍ͯ͘
2. ৄࡉͳ࢓༷͕Θ͔ͬͨͱ͜ΖͷܕͷղऍΛ޿͍͛ͯ͘
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1. Ͱ͖Δ͚ͩݻఆ஋ͷܕΛ෇͚͍ͯ͘
·ͣ๻Β͕Ͱ͖ΔҰ൪খ͞ͳ͜ͱͱͯ͠͸ɺ༩͑ΒΕͨσʔλͷΈ͕ਖ਼͍͠ܕ Λ࡞Δ͜ͱͰ͢ɻ
ͦͷதͰɺσόοάʹΑΓৄࡉͳ࢓༷͕ඞཁͳ஋ΛϦετΞοϓ͍͖ͯ͠·͢ɻ
event_quest.clj
(ns domain.event_quest
;; ࢓༷
(def Teki
[:map
[:id [:int]]
[:type [:enum 1 2 3]]]) ; type ͸ 1 ~ 3 ͚ͩʁ
(def EventQuestStage
[:and
[:map
[:teki-count [:and :int [:> 0]]]
[:teki [:vector {:min 1} Teki]]]
[:teki-syutugen [:and
:string
[:fn is-valid-time?]]]
(def EventQuest
[:map
[:data-id [:= "event_quest"]] ; ͜Ε͸ݻఆʁ
[:event-quest-id [:= "20220801"]] ; ೔෇ʁ
[:title [:= "εϖγϟϧΫΤετ1"]] ; ΫΤετλΠτϧ? จࣈྻ௕͸Ͳ͏ͩΖ͏
[:updated-at [:= "20220715133011"]] ; yyyyMMddHHmmss ͬΆͦ͏
[:stages [:vector {:min 3 :max 3} EventQuestStage]]]) ; stage ͸ 3 ͭݻఆʁ
(m/validate EventQuest
{:data-id "event_quest"
:event-quest-id "20220801"
:title "εϖγϟϧΫΤετ1"
:updated-at "20220715133011"
:stages [{:teki-count 25
{:id 2 :level 55 :count 10 :type 1}]
:teki-syutugen "0000"}
{:teki-count 40
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{:id 3 :level 75 :count 5 :type 3}
{:teki-count 15
:teki-syutugen "0230"}]}) ; => true
;; utils
(defn is-valid-time? [t]
(if (not= (count t) 4)
false
(let [[min sec] (->> t (partition-all 2) (map (partial apply str)))]
(and
(= min (re-matches #"\d{2}" min))
(= sec (re-matches #"[0-5][0-9]" sec))))))
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2. ৄࡉͳ࢓༷͕Θ͔ͬͨͱ͜ΖͷܕͷղऍΛ޿͍͛ͯ͘
1. ͷεςοϓͰݻఆ஋ͷαϯϓϧ͕Ͱ͖ͨͱ͜ΖͰɺ࣍ʹ a) αϯϓϧσʔλΛ΋͏গ͠΋Β͏
b) ։ൃνʔϜ͔Βٙ໰఺ʹ্͕ͬͨσʔλ߲໨ͷ࢓༷ΛώΞϦϯά͢ΔɺͳͲͯ͠ɺσόοάʹඞ
ཁͳσʔλੜ੒͕Ͱ͖Δͱ͜Ζ·ͰܕͷղऍΛ޿͍͖͛ͯ·͢ɻ
ͨͱ͑͹ҎԼͷΑ͏ͳܕఆٛʹͳΔ͜ͱ͕ߟ͑ΒΕ·͢ɻ
event_quest.clj
(ns domain.event_quest
;; ࢓༷
(def Teki
[:map
[:id [:int]]
[:type [:enum 1 2 3 4 5]]]) ; type ͸ 1 ~ 5
(def EventQuestStage
[:and
[:map
[:teki-count [:and :int [:> 0]]] ; teki-count ͸ 0 Ҏ্
[:teki [:vector {:min 1 :max 10} Teki]] ; teki ͸ 10 छྨ·Ͱ
[:teki-syutugen [:and
:string
[:fn is-valid-time?]]]]
(def EventQuest
[:map
[:data-id [:= "event_quest"]]
[:event-quest-id [:and :string [:fn is-valid-date?]]] ; ೔෇
[:title [:string {:min 1 :max 20}]] ; λΠτϧ͸ 20 จࣈҎ಺
[:updated-at [:and :string [:fn is-valid-datetime?]]] ; yyyyMMddHHmmss
[:stages [:vector {:min 3 :max 5} EventQuestStage]]]) ; stage ͸ 3 ~ 5
(m/validate EventQuest
{:data-id "event_quest"
:event-quest-id "20220801"
:title "εϖγϟϧΫΤετ1"
:updated-at "20220715133011"
:stages [{:teki-count 25
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{:teki-count 40
{:teki-count 15
:teki-syutugen "0230"}]})
;; utils
(defn is-valid-time? [t]
(if (not= (count t) 4)
false
(let [[min sec] (->> t (partition-all 2) (map (partial apply str)))]
(and
(= min (re-matches #"\d{2}" min))
(= sec (re-matches #"[0-5][0-9]" sec))))))
(defn is-valid-date? [t]
(try
(java.time.LocalDate/parse
t
(java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter/ofPattern "uuuuMMdd"))
true
(catch java.time.format.DateTimeParseException e
false)))
(defn is-valid-datetime? [t]
(try
(java.time.LocalDate/parse
t
(java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter/ofPattern "uuuuMMddHHmmss"))
true
(catch java.time.format.DateTimeParseException e
false)))
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ୈ 3 ষ Clojure Ͱ࢝ΊΔ࢓༷෼ੳ 3.4 ऴΘΓʹ
3.4 ऴΘΓʹ
ࠓճ͸ Clojure Λ༻͍ͯσʔλ͔Β࢓༷Λ෼ੳ͍ͯ͘͠ɺͱ͍͏ͪΐͬͱมΘͬͨΤϯδχΞϦϯ
άΛ঺հ͍͖ͯ͠·ͨ͠ɻݱ࣮Ͱ͸͋·Γى͜Βͳ͍γνϡΤʔγϣϯͱ͸ࢥ͍·͕͢ɺಈతʹܕΛ
෇͚͍ͯ͘͜ͱɺܕΛϦϑΝΫλ͍ͯ͘͜͠ͱɺͱ͍ͬͨಛʹ੩తܕ෇͖ݴޠͰ͸ΊͬͨʹܦݧͰ͖
ͳ͍ࣄ৅ʹ͍ͭͯݟฉΛ޿Ί͍ͯͨͩ͘ҰॿʹͳΕ͹ͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ
·ͨ࢓༷ʹ͸ stringɺint ͱ͍ͬͨجຊσʔλܕ৘ใͷΈΛॻ͘ͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺࠓճ Clojure Ͱ෼ੳ
ͨ͠Α͏ͳ໌֬ͳܗʹ·ͱΊΒΕΔͱɺ෼ੳख͕ؒল͚σόοάͳͲ͕ΑΓεϜʔζʹਐΉͷͰɺۃ
ྗஸೡͳهड़͕Ͱ͖ΔͱΑͦ͞͏Ͱ͢ɻ
(ཉΛݴ͑͹ ࠓճͷΑ͏ͳϓϩάϥϜͰ࢓༷͕૊·Ε͍ͯΔͱɺσόοάͳͲ͕΍Γ΍͍͢ͷͰɺ
֤։ൃνʔϜͷٕज़ελοΫʹ߹Θͤͯద੾ͳݴޠɾπʔϧΛ࠾༻͢Δͷ΋Α͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏)
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ୈ 4 ষ
Rust ͷ Axum Λ࢖ͬͨ API αʔό
։ൃ
4.1 ͸͡Ίʹ
ฐࣾͰ͸ XFLAG PARK ͱ͍͏ήʔϜɾΞχϝɾԻָͳͲ͞·͟·ͳδϟϯϧͷ֞ࠜΛ௒͑ͨະ
ମݧͷ LIVE ΤϯλʔςΠϝϯτγϣʔΛ։࠵͍ͯ͠·͢ɻࠓ೥ͷ XFLAG PARK 2022 Ͱ͸ɺγ
εςϜͷҰ෦Ͱ Rust Λ༻͍ͨ։ൃΛ͠·ͨ͠ɻຊষͰ͸ɺRust Ͱ API αʔόΛ։ൃ͢ΔͨΊͷϑ
ϨʔϜϫʔΫͰ͋Δ Axum ʹ͍ͭͯ঺հ͠·͢ɻ
ຊষͷର৅ऀ
• Rust Ͱ API αʔόΛ࡞ͬͯΈ͍ͨਓ
• Actix Web ΍ Rocket ͳͲͷ΄͔ͷ Rust ͷ Web ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛ࢖ͬͨࣄ͕͋Δਓ
Axum
Axum*1͸ Rust ͷඇಉظϥϯλΠϜΛ࡞͍ͬͯΔ Tokio ͷνʔϜ͕։ൃ͍ͯ͠Δ Web ϑϨʔϜ
ϫʔΫͰ͢ɻTokio ͷΤίγεςϜΛϑϧͰѻ͑Δͱ͜Ζ΍ tower ΍ hyper ͳͲͷڧྗͳϥΠϒϥ
Ϧͱͷ࿈ܞ͕Ͱ͖Δ఺͕ಛ௃Ͱ͢ɻ
SeaORM
SeaORM*2͸ async ରԠͷ O/R ϚούͰόοΫΤϯυʹ sqlx Λ࠾༻͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ·ͨɺActixɺ
Tokioɺasync-std ͷ 3 ͭͷඇಉظϥϯλΠϜʹରԠ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻΑΓݹ͔͘Β Rust ͷ O/R Ϛού
ͱͯ͠࢖ΘΕ͍ͯΔ Diesel ͱൺֱ͢ΔͱɺDiesel ͸ίϯύΠϧ࣌ʹܕ͕֬ఆ͢Δͷʹର͠ SeaORM
*1 Axumɿ https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum
*2 SeaORMɿ https://www.sea-ql.org/SeaORM/
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ୈ 4 ষ Rust ͷ Axum Λ࢖ͬͨ API αʔό։ൃ 4.2 ToDo ΞϓϦͷ API Λ࡞Δ
͸࣮ߦ࣌ʹܕཱ͕֬͢ΔΑ͏ͳڍಈΛ͠·͢ɻ
4.2 ToDo ΞϓϦͷ API Λ࡞Δ
Axum Ͱͷ API αʔό։ൃʹ͍ͭͯ؆୯ʹ஌ΕΔΑ͏ ToDo ΞϓϦͷ API Λ࡞ΔαϯϓϧΛࣔ
͠·͢ɻ
*3
Router ͷ࡞Γํ
Axum ͷ Router ͸ҎԼͷΑ͏ͳܗͰ࣮૷Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
src/main.rs
pub struct AppState {
pub db: DatabaseConnection,
}
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
let mut opt = ConnectOptions::new(env::var("DB_HOST")
.expect("DB_HOST is not defined"));
opt.max_connections(10000)
.min_connections(5)
.connect_timeout(Duration::from_secs(8))
.idle_timeout(Duration::from_secs(8))
.sqlx_logging(true);
let db: DatabaseConnection = Database::connect(opt)
.await
.expect("Database connection failed");
let app_state = Arc::new(AppState { db });
let addr = SocketAddr::from((
[0, 0, 0, 0],
env::var("PORT")
.expect("PORT is not defined")
.parse::()
.unwrap(),
));
if let Err(e) = axum::Server::bind(&addr)
.serve(app(app_state).into_make_service())
.await
{
panic!("{:?}", e)
}
}
*3 ղઆ͢Δ࣮૷ͷίʔυຊମɿ https://github.com/Taillook/axum-seaorm-todo
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fn app(app_state: Arc) -> Router {
Router::new()
.route(
"/todo",
get(handler::todo::get_todo_list).post(handler::todo::post_todo),
)
.layer(AddExtensionLayer::new(app_state))
}
·ͣɺapp ؔ਺Ͱ Router Λ࡞Γ·͢ɻroute ͱ͍͏ؔ਺ͰύεͱϋϯυϥΛ Router ʹఆٛ͢Δࣄ
͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ͜ͷϋϯυϥ͸ϝιουνΣΠϯͷܗͰ౉͢ܗࣜʹͳΓ·͢ɻ·ͨɺlayer ͱ͍͏ؔ਺
Ͱ͸ AddExtensionLayer ͱ͍͏ߏ଄ମͱ߹Θͤͯঢ়ଶΛ࣋ͭࣄ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ͜ͷྫͰ͸ AppState
ͱ͍͏ DB ΁ͷ઀ଓ৘ใΛ࣋ͬͨߏ଄ମΛঢ়ଶͱͯ͠อ͍࣋ͯ͠·͢ɻ͜͜Ͱ layer ͱͯ͠ఆٛͨ͠
஋͸֤ϋϯυϥͰҾ਺ͱͯ͠ݺͼग़ͯ͠ѻ͍·͢ɻ
main ؔ਺Ͱ͸ AppState ͷ৘ใͱαʔόͷ PORT ৘ใΛఆٛ͠ Router Λ࣮ࡍʹಈ͔͍ͯ͠
·͢ɻ
Handler ͷ࡞Γํ
Handler ͸ҎԼͷΑ͏ʹ࣮૷͠·͢ɻ
src/handler/todo.rs
pub async fn get_todo_list(Extension(state): Extension>)
-> Response {
let todo_list = Todos::find().all(&state.db).await;
match todo_list {
Ok(todo_list) => (
StatusCode::OK,
Json(TodoResponse {
todo_list: serde_json::from_str::>(
json!(todo_list).to_string().as_str()
).unwrap(),
}),
)
.into_response(),
Err(err) => (
StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
Json(ApiError {
status: i32::from(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST.as_u16()),
title: format!("{:?}", err),
}),
)
.into_response(),
}
}
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pub async fn post_todo(
Extension(state): Extension>,
Json(params): Json,
_: Auth,
) -> Response {
let todo = todos::ActiveModel {
todo: Set(params.todo),
..Default::default()
};
let result = Todos::insert(todo).exec(&state.db).await;
match result {
Ok(result) => (
Json(PostTodoResponse {
last_insert_id: result.last_insert_id as i32,
}),
)
.into_response(),
Err(err) => (
Json(ApiError {
status: i32::from(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST.as_u16()),
title: format!("{:?}", err),
}),
)
.into_response(),
}
}
·ͣɺAxum ͷϋϯυϥ͸ axum::response::IntoResponse ͱ͍͏τϨΠτΛ࣮૷ͨ͠΋ͷΛ
Ϩεϙϯεͱͯ͠ฦ͘͢͠Έͱͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ͍͔ͭ͘ܗ͕ࣜ͋Γ·͕͢ྫͰ࣮૷͢Δϋϯυϥ͸ (
http::status::StatusCode, axum::Json) ͱ͍ͬͨܗࣜͰϨεϙϯεΛฦ͠·͢ɻ
DB ͱͷ࿈ܞ͸ઌड़ͷ AppState ͷίωΫγϣϯΛ࢖͍ɺTodos ͳͲͷ֤ςʔϒϧ͝ͱʹ࣮૷͞
Εͨؔ਺Λ࢖͍·͢ɻ͜ͷؔ਺ͷ࣮૷͸ࣗಈੜ੒ͰߦΘΕ͍ͯͯ SeaORM ͕ఏڙ͢Δ sea-orm-cli
Λ༻͍·͢ɻ·ͨɺAppState Λऔಘ͍ͯ͠Δ Extension(state) ΍ Json(params) ͳͲͷҾ਺͸
Extractor ͱݺ͹ΕɺϦΫΤετͷσʔλΛநग़͢Δ͘͠ΈͰ͢ɻ
OpenAPI ͱͷ࿈ܞ
OpenAPI ͱͷ࿈ܞʹ͍ͭͯ͸ݱঢ় Axum ଆͷରԠ͕͞Ε͍ͯ·ͤΜɻPoC ͱͯ͠ͷ࣮૷͸Կ౓
͔ٞ࿦͞Ε͍ͯ·͢*4͕௚ۙͰ͸ࣗಈੜ੒౳Ͱ࿈ܞ༻ͷίʔυΛੜ੒͢ΔΑ͏ͳܗͰରԠ͢Δ΄͔ͳ
͍Ͱ͢ɻ
ຊষͰͷྫͰ͸ openapitools/openapi-generator-cli ͷ rust ΦϓγϣϯΛ༻͍ͯ Rust ͷߏ଄ମͷ
*4 axum Ͱͷ OpenAPI ରԠͷ PoCɿ https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/459
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ΈΛαʔό࣮૷಺Ͱѻ͏ରԠΛऔ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ
ೝূ
Bearer ೝূͳͲ͸ҎԼͷΑ͏ʹ࣮૷͠·͢ɻ
src/handler/auth.rs
pub struct Auth;
pub struct AuthError;
impl IntoResponse for AuthError {
fn into_response(self) -> Response {
let status = StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED;
let body = json!({"error": "Unauthorized".to_string()}).to_string();
(status, body).into_response()
}
}
#[async_trait]
impl FromRequest for Auth
where
B: Send,
{
type Rejection = AuthError;
async fn from_request(req: &mut RequestParts) -> Result {
use std::env;
use axum::{
extract::TypedHeader,
headers::{authorization::Bearer, Authorization},
};
match TypedHeader::>::from_request(req).await {
Ok(TypedHeader(Authorization(bearer))) => {
match bearer.token() == env::var("API_KEY")
.expect("API_KEY is not defined") {
true => Ok(Auth {}),
false => Err(Self::Rejection {}),
}
}
Err(_) => Err(Self::Rejection {}),
}
}
}
FromRequest ͱ͍͏τϨΠτΛ࣮૷͢ΔࣄͰϋϯυϥͷҾ਺ʹ͋Δ Extension ΍ Json ͳͲͷ
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ୈ 4 ষ Rust ͷ Axum Λ࢖ͬͨ API αʔό։ൃ 4.3 ͓ΘΓʹ
Extractor*5Λ࣮૷͢Δࣄ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ͜ͷ࣮૷Ͱ͸ AuthorizationΛऔಘ͠ɺbearer
.token() ͱ API_KEY ؀ڥม਺ͷϚονΛऔΔࣄͰೝূΛߦ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻJWT ͷݕূͷΑ͏ͳ
Extractor Λ࡞Γ͍ͨ৔߹ʹ͓͍ͯ΋ from_request ؔ਺಺ͷॲཧΛมߋ͢ΔࣄͰ༰қʹ࣮૷Ͱ͖
·͢ɻ
4.3 ͓ΘΓʹ
ຊষͰ͸ Rust ͷ Axum Λ࢖ͬͨ API ͷ࣮૷ʹ͍ͭͯ঺հ͠·ͨ͠ɻRust Ͱ API αʔόΛ࡞Δ
ํ΁ͷࢀߟʹͳΕ͹ͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ
ͨͩ͠ɺൃల్্ͳϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͱ͍͏ͷ΋͋ΓόʔδϣϯΞοϓʹ͍͍ͭͯ͘ؾ߹͍΋ඞཁͰ
͸͋Γ·͢ɻ
*5 axum ͷ Custom Extractorɿ https://docs.rs/axum/0.1.1/axum/extract/index.html#deﬁning-custom-
extractors
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ୈ 5 ষ
ֶߍఏڙιϑτ΢ΣΞͰ໰୊ղܾ
5.1 ຊষʹ͍ͭͯ
ࢲ͕औΓ૊ΉϓϩδΣΫτʹ͓͍ͯதֶߍ΁ͷιϑτ΢ΣΞఏڙ΍ֶशࢦಋΛ਺ଟ࣮͘ࢪͨ͠ɻͦ
ͷதͰ࣮ફͨ͠໰୊෼ੳ΍ݕূͱϑΟʔυόοΫΛऔΓೖΕͯͷվળʹ͍ͭͯৼΓฦͬͯ੔ཧ͠ɺι
ϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃࣄྫͷҰͭͱͯ͠චऀ΋ؚΊͨಡऀ͢΂ͯͷํͷܞΘΔϏδωεʹ׆͔͞Ε͍ͨɻͳ
͓ઌʹݴ͓ͬͯ͘ͱɺຊষͰ͸ϓϩάϥϛϯάͱίʔυͷ࿩͸ొ৔͠ͳ͍ɻ

චऀϓϩϑΟʔϧ
ήʔϜΛத৺ͱͨ͠ιϑτ΢ΣΞΤϯδχΞͱͯ͠׆ಈ͓ͯ͠ΓɺίϯγϡʔϚήʔϜ΍ϒϥ΢
βήʔϜͱεϚʔτϑΥϯΞϓϦͷ։ൃɺWeb αʔϏε΍ήʔϜاը΋ܞΘΔɻۙ೥͸ڭҭݱ
৔ʹ޲͚ͯɺ
ʮϓϩάϥϛϯάֶशʯΛਪਐ͢Δߨࢣͱͯͦ͠ͷֶशιϑτ΢ΣΞ΍ΧϦΩϡϥ
Ϝ։ൃͱซͤͯऔΓ૊ΜͰ͍Δɻ
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/akira-tanabe/

ͶΒ͍
ࢲ͕୲͍ͬͯΔۀ຿Ͱ͋Δ͜ͷϢχʔΫͳऔΓ૊ΈͷཪଆΛ͔͋͠աఔΛৼΓฦΔ͜ͱͰɺ޿ٛͳ
ιϑτ΢ΣΞιϦϡʔγϣϯʹ͓͚Δ໰୊ղܾࣄྫͱͯ͠࢒͠චऀͱಡऀͷֶͼʹͭͳ͛Δ͜ͱΛओ
ࢫͱ͢Δ
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ୈ 5 ষ ֶߍఏڙιϑτ΢ΣΞͰ໰୊ղܾ 5.1 ຊষʹ͍ͭͯ
ཁ໿
• ݱࡏࢲͨͪ͸தֶߍʹରͯ͠ϢχʔΫͳࢧԉ׆ಈΛൃݟ͠ͳ͕Βܧଓతʹ࣮ࢪ͍ͯ͠Δ
• ࣮ࢪઌ΍಺༰͸͋Β͔͡Ίܾ·͍ͬͯΔΘ͚Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɺ੠Λฉ͖ঢ়گΛݟͯاըΛఏҊ͠ͳ͕
ΒίϯςϯπΛఏڙ͓ͯ͠Γɺ·ͨ೔ʑͦΕ͸ਐԽ͠ॆ࣮͖͍ͯͯ͠Δ
• ໰୊ղܾͷࢹ఺Ͱɺ͜Ε·Ͱࢧԉ͕࣮ݱͨ͠աఔͰ͸ͲΜͳ໨తʹ͓͍ͯɺͲͷΑ͏ʹఏࣔ
͠ɺͲͷΑ͏ͳ४උΛ͠ɺͲΜͳબ୒Λͨ͠ͷ͔Λྫࣔ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺ͍ͣΕ͔ͷϏδωεͷ֫
ಘ΍্ཱͪ͛ʹͱͬͯؔ৺͕͋ΔࣄྫͱͳΕ͹ͱࢥ͍ه͢
• ιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃͷࢹ఺Ͱɺͦͷاըͷݟ௨͠ΛͲͷΑ͏ʹཱͯɺͲͷΑ͏ͳཪ෇͚Λ࣋ͪɺ
ͲͷΑ͏ʹ਱ߦ͔ͨ͠Λྫࣔ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺιϑτ΢ΣΞ੍࡞΍Ϗδωεͷ্ཱͪ͛ɺىۀʹ
ͱͬͯؔ৺͕͋ΔࣄྫͱͳΓ͏Δ
TOPICS
1. ࢲͨͪͷڭҭࢧԉ׆ಈʹ͍ͭͯ
2. ໰୊
3. ໰୊ͷ෼ղ
4. ໨ඪઃఆͱߦಈࢦ਑
5. ίϯςϯπاըͱ͞·͟·ͳ෼ੳ
6. ΞΠσΞͷൃ૝ͱࢥߟ
7. ࠷ޙʹ
ࢀߟจݙɺҾ༻
•ʮϏδϣφϦʔΧϯύχʔʯδϜɾίϦϯζʢ˞γϦʔζʣ
•ʮGIVE ˍ TAKEʯΞμϜɾάϥϯτ
•ʮϦʔϯɾελʔτΞοϓʯΤϦοΫɾϦʔε
•ʮRunnnig LeanʯΞογϡɾϚ΢Ϧϟ
•ʮϏδωεϞσϧδΣωϨʔγϣϯζʯΞϨοΫεɾΦελʔϫϧμʔɺΠϰɾϐχϡʔϧ
•ʮMeasure What Matters ఻આͷϕϯνϟʔ౤ࢿՈ͕ Google ʹڭ͑ͨ੒ޭख๏ OKRʯδϣ
ϯɾυʔΞ
•ʮσβΠϯࢥߟ͕ੈքΛม͑Δ: ΠϊϕʔγϣϯΛಋ͘৽͍͠ߟ͑ํʯςΟϜɾϒϥ΢ϯ
•ʮܦӦઓུશ࢙ʯࡾ୩ ޺࣏
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ୈ 5 ষ ֶߍఏڙιϑτ΢ΣΞͰ໰୊ղܾ 5.2 ࢲͨͪͷڭҭࢧԉ׆ಈʹ͍ͭͯ
5.2 ࢲͨͪͷڭҭࢧԉ׆ಈʹ͍ͭͯ
ओͳίϯςϯπ࣮੷͓ΑͼΧϦΩϡϥϜαΠζ
• ौ୩۠಺ͷެཱɾࢲཱதֶߍतۀࢧԉ͓ΑͼίϯςϯπͱΧϦΩϡϥϜ
–ʮதֶ૯߹తͳֶशͷ࣌ؒʯ޲͚ςΩεϓϩάϥϛϯάɹ 3 ίϚ૬౰ʢڭࢣ࣮ࢪՄʣ
–ʮதֶ਺ֶʯ޲͚ίϯύεΛ࢖ͬͨ਺ֶ՝୊ɹ 1 ίϚ૬౰ʢڭࢣ࣮ࢪՄʣ
–ʮதֶٕज़Պ D ৘ใʯ޲͚ςΩεϓϩάϥϛϯάɹ 8 ίϚ૬౰ʢڭࢣ࣮ࢪՄʣ
–ʮதֶٕज़Պ D ৘ใʯ޲͚ Python ݴޠϓϩάϥϛϯάɹ 1ʙ4 ίϚ૬౰
• ಉ۠಺ͷެཱɾࢲཱதֶߍ޲͚ͷύιίϯ෦ܥࢦಋ͓ΑͼίϯςϯπͱΧϦΩϡϥϜ
–ʮதֶύιίϯ෦׆ಈʯ޲͚ LuaɾPython ϓϩάϥϛϯάɹ 2 ࣌ؒ x7 ೔෼૬౰
–ʮதֶύιίϯ෦׆ಈʯ޲͚ Unity ήʔϜ੍࡞ϓϩάϥϛϯάɹ 2 ࣌ؒ x4 ೔෼૬౰
• ΩϟϦΞڭҭɾϓϩάϥϛϯάϫʔΫγϣοϓ
– தֶੜ޲͚ϓϩάϥϛϯάߨ࠲ɹ 1.5 ࣌ؒ૬౰
– தֶੜ޲͚ήʔϜ։ൃ Unity ߨ࠲ɹ 3 ࣌ؒ૬౰
– ΤϯδχΞ৬ߨԋ
ਤ: ٕज़Պ Python तۀ
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ୈ 5 ষ ֶߍఏڙιϑτ΢ΣΞͰ໰୊ղܾ 5.3 ໰୊
5.3 ໰୊
͔͜͜Β͸ɺࢲ͕औΓ૊ΜͰ͍ͯࠓճৄ͘͠ղઆ͍ͨ͠ʮ໰୊ʯͷى͜ΓͱͦͷରԠʹ͍ͭͯࣄྫ
঺հͱͯ͠ৄ͍͠ܦҢΛهड़͍ͯ͘͠ɻͳ͓ɺهࡌ͢Δଞऀʹؔ͢Δഎܠ΍ҙࢥʹ͍ͭͯͷ৘ใݯ
͸ɺҰൠʹࠂࣔ͞Ε͍ͯΔ΋ͷͷ΄͔ҙਤΛټΜͰςΩετԽͨ͠෦෼΋ଟগ͋Δɻຊষͷझࢫ͸໰
୊ղܾख๏ʹ͓͚ΔղܾࣄྫΛɺ޷ҙతʹ෼ੳ͠࿦͡Δ΋ͷͰ͋Γɺ͍ͣΕ͔ͷ૊৫ʹ͓͚Δ಺৘΍
໰୊఺ʹ͍ͭͯࢦఠ͢Δҙਤ͸ͳ͍ɻ
໰୊ͷ্ཱ͕ͪΓ
• ओɹ୊ɹɿɹٛ຿ڭҭ΁ͷϓϩάϥϛϯάֶशࢧԉΛ͢Δ
• ґཔऀɹɿɹौ୩۠
• ൃɹੜɹɿɹ 2019 ೥౓य़
a. എܠɹʙֶߍڭҭͰͷϓϩάϥϛϯάֶशͱ͸
಺ֳ෎ͷΊ͟͢ Society 5.0 ͷࣾձɻङྌɺ೶ߞɺ޻ۀɺ৘ใʹଓ͘ 5 ظ໨ͱͳΔࣾձ͕໨ࢦ͢΋
ͷ͸αΠόʔۭؒͱϑΟδΧϧۭؒΛߴ౓ʹ༥߹ͤͨࣾ͞ձɻະདྷʹ޲͚ͯςΫϊϩδͱՊֶٕज़
ͱͷ༥߹ͳͲɺ૯߹తͳֶशʹऔΓ૊Ή STEAM ڭҭΛਪਐ͢Δจ෦Պֶলɻֶߍʹ͓͚Δ ICT ׆
༻ʢ৘ใ௨৴ٕज़ʣͭ·ΓΠϯλʔωοτ΍ PC ͷར༻Λ࣮ࢪ͢Δ֤஍࣏ࣗମɻ৽͍͠ػث΍ιϑτ
΢ΣΞ͕ಋೖ͞ΕैདྷͷतۀҎ֎ͷ஌ࣝͱ׆༻͕ٻΊΒΕͯ͘Δڭһઌੜํɻ
ֶߍ΍ߦ੓ͷͶΒ͏࣮ࢪల։
࣮ࢪϞσϧʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɺICT ׆༻ͱϓϩάϥϛϯάֶशʹ͓͍ͯ஍Ҭͱͷͭͳ͕ΓΛ׆͔ͨ͠औΓ
૊Έ͕༗ҙٛͱ͞Εɺ஍ҬΫϥϒ΍஍ݩاۀ΍େֶͳͲͱͷͭͳ͕ΓΛ׆͔ͯ͠ࢦಋ͍ͯ͘͜͠ͱ͕
ྫࣔ͞ΕΔͳͲɺ׭ɾຽɾֶͷ࿈ܞ͕ࠓޙٻΊΒΕ͍ͯ͘ͱ͍͏ɻ
ڭҭݱ৔ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɺ৽෼໺ͱͯ͠ʮϓϩάϥϛϯάʯ͕ࢦಋͷൣғʹೖΔதͰֶश಺༰͕·ͩ໛
ࡧஈ֊ʹ͋Δɻϓϩάϥϛϯά͸ӳޠͱಉ༷ʹશһֶ͕श͢ΔྖҬʹͳΔͱࣔ͞Ε͍ͯΔɻͦͷ࣌Ͳ
Μͳ՝୊͕ר͖ى͜Δͷ͔ɺ·ͩ༧ଌ͕͔ͭͳ͍ɻ
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b. େ·͔ͳཁ๬͔Βํ਑΁ͷམͱ͠ࠐΈ·Ͱ
ࢲ͕ͨͪ໰୊ʹऔΓ૊Έͩͨ͠ͷ͸ 2019 ೥౓य़ɻґཔ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͸ौ୩۠ɻऔΓ૊Ή໰୊͸ɺٛ
຿ڭҭͰ͜Ε͔Β࢝·Δʮϓϩάϥϛϯάڭҭʯʹֶ͍ͭͯߍΛࢧԉ͢Δͱ͍͏ौ୩۠୲౰෦ॺ͔Β
ґཔͷ΋ͷɻ࣌ྲྀతʹ࿩୊ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔશࠃతͳ՝୊Ͱ͋Δʮϓϩάϥϛϯάڭҭʯ͕ٛ຿ڭҭͰ΋
࣮ࢪ͞ΕΔ͜ͱͱͳΓɺ࣍೥౓Ͱ͋Δ 2020 ೥౓͔ΒখֶߍɺҎ߱Ͱ͸தֶߍɺߴߍͱ࣮ࢪ͞Ε͍ͯ
͘ͱ͍͏ɻґཔ͖ͯͨ۠͠ͷখதֶੜ΁͸ͦΕΑΓ 2 ೥લͷฏ੒ 29 ೥ 9 ݄ʢ2017ʣ͔ΒλϒϨοτ
PC ͕ࢧڅ͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ׆༻͸࢝·͍ͬͯΔ͕΋ͬͱ͜Ε͔Β৳͹͍ͨ͠ͱ͍͏ঢ়گͰ΋͋Δɻ
ղܾ͢΂͖໰୊ͷൃݟͱେํ਑ͷܾఆɺ୭ʹԿΛఏڙ͢Δͷ͔
໰୊ղܾ΁ͷऔΓ૊Έʹ͋ͨͬͯ͸ҙࢥܾఆऀ͕ܾఆΛԼΖͯ͘͠ΕΔ΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍ɻऔΓ૊Έʹ
͋ͨΔࣗ෼ࣗ਎͕Ͳ͏͢Δ͔Λ෼ੳͯ͠ࡦఆ͠ɺऔΓ૊Έ૬खͱࣗΒͷ૊৫ʹ্͛ೝ஌ͱ߹ҙΛಘ
ΔɻऔΓ૊Έ૬खͱࣗ૊৫૒ํͷظ଴ʹԠ͑Δ͜ͱ͕ٻΊΒΕΔɻ
௕ظతͳऔΓ૊ΈΛߦ͏૬ख΍ؔ܎اۀͱͷ࠲૊Έʢొ৔ਓ෺ͱͦͷؔ܎ੑʣΛ૊Ή࣌఺Ͱɺґཔ
ऀ΁ࣗ෼ͨͪͷ໾ׂͱظ଴ΛͲͷΑ͏ʹҐஔ෇͚Δ͔Λࣔ͞ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɻ೤ྔɺݴ͍׵͑Ε͹
ফඅΧϩϦʔΛͲͷΑ͏ʹઃఆ͢Δ͔΋ॏཁͰ͋Δɻ·ͬͨ͘౿Έࠐ·ͳ͍ख΋͋Ε͹͔ͬ͠Γ΍Δ
ख΋͋Δɻطଘιϑτ΢ΣΞΛ୳͢ख΋͋Ε͹ࢴͱϖϯΛ࢖͏ख΋͋Δɻ
໰୊΁ͷΞϯαʔͱॳಈΛܾΊΔ͜ͱ͔Β໰୊ղܾ͸࢝·Δɻকདྷతʹ࣮ࢪ͞ΕΔͰ͋Ζ͏ࢧԉͷ
த਎͸Ͳ͏͍͏΋ͷ͔ɺݱঢ়ͩͱͲ͏໰୊͕͋Δͷ͔ɺ
ʮࢧԉ͢Δʯͱ͸ԿΛͲ͏͢Δ͜ͱ͔ɻৄ͠
͍ௐࠪͱ෼ੳ͕ඞཁʹͳΔɻ
c. ෼ੳํ๏
͔͜͜Βड़΂Δʮ໰୊ղܾʯͷʮ໰୊ʯͱ͸ཁٻཁ๬ͷҰͭͰ͋Γɺ
ʮ͋Δ౰ࣄऀͷ՝୊ʯͱಉٛͩ
ͱࢥͬͯಡΜͰ΄͍͠ɻ
ᶗ. 5W1H ෼ੳ
෼ղʹ͋ͨͬͯ࿙Εͳ͘ݕ౼Λߦ͏ͷʹศརͩͱͯ͠ࠓճબ୒ͨ͠ख๏͸ΦʔιυοΫεʹ
ʮ5W1Hʯ
ɻେੲ͔Β͋ΔجຊͰ͋ͬͯ෠Δਓ΋ଟ͍ͩΖ͏͕͜ͷ࿦఺ͰͷಥͬࠐΈ͕Ͱ͖Δاը͸
಴࠳͢Δɻ෼ੳπʔϧ͕͍·Ͳ͖͔Ͳ͏͔͸໰୊Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɺ࿙Εͳ͘μϒΓͳ͘෼ੳ͢ΔʮMECE
ʢϛʔγʔʣ
ʯͷϓϩηε͕ͱΕ͍ͯΔ͔ͱ͍͏͜ͱ͕ϙΠϯτͰ͋Δɻ
1. what ɹԿΛ
2. who ɹ୭͕
3. when ɹ͍ͭ
4. where ɹͲ͜Ͱ
5. why ɹͳͥ
6. how ɹͲ͏΍ͬͯ
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˙ิ଍ 3 ͭ ্ͷ 5 ͚ͭͩͰ͸࣮ࡍʹ͸͞Βʹಥͬࠐ·Εͯ౴͑ΒΕͳ͍ͨΊɺ͜͜ʹৗ༻తʹ໰Θ
ΕΔࣄ߲Λಠࣗʹ 3 ͭ଍͓ͯ͘͠ɻଞྫʹ฿ͬͯӳޠදهʹ͢Δɻ
1. can ɹʢͰ͖Δ͜ͱʣ
2. should ɹʢ΍Δ΂͖͜ͱʗͰͳ͍͜ͱʣ
3. resist ɹʢ఍߅ʣ
˙ର৅ऀ ໰͏߲໨͸୭ͷࢹ఺ʹΑΔ΋ͷ͔Ͱ΋೿ੜ͢Δ΋ͷͰ͋Γɺͨͱ͑͹ʮwhyʯͳͥ΍Δ͔
ʹ͓͍ͯࣗ෼͕΍Δཧ༝ͱґཔऀ͕΍Δཧ༝͸͓ͦΒ͘ผʹ͋ΔɻΑΓৄࡉʹݕ౼͍ͯ͘͠ͷͰ͋Ε
͹ɺ૒ํʹ૊৫΍άϧʔϓͷϨΠϠ͕͋ΓͦΕͧΕผͷҙࢤ΍໨తΛ࣋ͪɺͦͷझࢫΛ౿ऻ͠߹ҙΛ
औΓ෇͚͍ͯ͘ඞཁ͕͋Δ͜ͱΛߟྀ͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɻ
ࠓճ͸ओʹ߹ҙΛಘ͍ͨର৅ͱͯ͠ҎԼࡾऀʹରͯ͠Ͱ͖Δ͚ͩ͘·ͳ͘ड़΂Δ͜ͱʹ౒ΊΔɻ
˙ݕ౼ࢹ఺
1. ґཔऀ
2. ࣗ૊৫
3. ࣗ෼ࣗ਎
ड͚खଆΛʮࣗ૊৫ʯͱʮࣗ෼ࣗ਎ʯʹ෼͚ͯఆٛͨ͠ͷ͸͜ͷऔΓ૊Έಛ༗ͷଆ໘͕͋Δ͔΋͠
Εͳ͍ɻԾʹґཔऀ͕໌֬ͳϓϩμΫτʢಛఆͷιϦϡʔγϣϯ΍αʔϏε·ͨ͸੡඼ʣΛٻΊͯ
Φʔμʔ͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰ͋Ε͹ɺ૒ํͷ໨త͕໌֬Ͱ͋Γ஫໨͢ΔՕॴ͸ҟͳΔͩΖ͏ɻࠓճͷࣄྫ
ͷ৔߹ɺࣗࣾ͸ʮ΍Δ΂͖͜ͱͰ͋Ε͹΍Δʯͱ͍͏ɺཱͪҐஔͱͯ͠தཱతͳ࢟੎Ͱ͋ͬͨɻ·ͨ
ʮࣗ෼ࣗ਎ʯͷ࢟੎ͱͯ͠΋ଟগҟͳΓɺ
ʮࠓޙ༗ҙٛʹͳΔݟࠐΈ͕͋Δ͜ͱΛݟग़ͯ͠΍Δ΂͖ʗ
΍Βͳ͍΂͖Λࣔ͢ʯͱ͍͏ཱ৔ʹ͋Δɻ͜Ε͔Βࣔ͢ࡾऀͷඍົͳ࿦఺ͱظ଴஋ͷҧ͍ʹ஫໨ͯ͠
΄͍͠ɻ
ᶘ. ࠓճͷ෼ੳํ๏·ͱΊ
໰୊ղܾͷจ຺Ͱ 5W1H ʴЋΛ·ͱΊɺ࣍ͷͱ͓ΓͱͳΔɻ
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˙ͲΜͳ໰୊͔
1. ԿΛ͢Δ͜ͱͳͷ͔ what
2. ୭͕΍Δͷ͔ who
3. ͍ͭͷ͜ͱͳͷ͔ when
4. ୭ʢͲ͜ʣʹର͢Δ͜ͱͳͷ͔ where
5. ͳͥ΍Δͷ͔ why
6. Ͳ͏΍Δ͔ how
7. ࣗ෼ୡ͸Կ͔Ͱ͖Δͷ͔ can
8. ࣗ෼ୡ͸ԿΛ͢΂͖Ͱɺ͢΂͖Ͱͳ͍͔ should
9. ͲΜͳ఍߅ͱো֐͕͋Δͷ͔ resist
˙୭ͷࢹ఺͔
1. ґཔऀ
2. ࣗ૊৫
3. ࣗ෼ࣗ਎
͜ΕΒΛςϯϓϨʔτͱͯ͜͠Ε͔Βड़΂Δ෼ੳͰ໰͍͍ͯ͘ɻ
ᶙ. 5W1H Ͱղઆ͢Δࢹ఺ͷॱং
͢΂ͯͷ࣌఺Ͱʮґཔऀʯͱʮࣗ૊৫ʯͱʮࣗ෼ࣗ਎ʯͷࢹ఺Ͱͷఆ͕ٛ͋Δ͸ͣͰ͋ΔɻͦΕͧ
Εͷҙࢥ͕ৗʹಉ࣌ʹଘࡏ͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊͰ͋Γɺಈ͖͕͋Δͱ͖ͦͷ྆ऀؒͷʮ5W1Hʯ͕ඞཁͰ͋
Δɻͦͷ͢΂ͯΛड़΂Δʹ͸৑௕Ͱ͋Γ·ͨຊষͰ͸ղܾ͍ͨ͠໰୊ͱͦͷղܾํ๏ʹؔ͢ΔྲྀΕΛ
ղઆ͍ͨͨ͠ΊɺͦΕͧΕͷஈ֊Ͱͷओ໾ʹ͋ͨΔ 1 ͭͷࢹ఺ͣͭͰड़΂Δ͜ͱʹ͢Δɻ
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ୈ 5 ষ ֶߍఏڙιϑτ΢ΣΞͰ໰୊ղܾ 5.4 ໰୊ͷ෼ղ
5.4 ໰୊ͷ෼ղ
લ߲Ͱڍ͛ͨ·ͱΊํʮ5W1HʯʴЋͰɺཁ๬ͭ·Γղܾ͍ͨ͠໰୊Λ੔ཧ͢Δɻࢹ఺͸·ͣ໰୊
ఏىΛ͢ΔʮґཔऀʯΛߟ͑ɺґཔऀͷཱ৔ʹͳͬͯڞײ͠ͳ͕Β໰୊΍ҙਤ΍ཧ૝ͳͲΛټΜͰ
͍͘ɻ
ґཔऀʹͱͬͯ
• ԿΛ͢Δ͜ͱͳͷ͔ what
– ٛ຿ڭҭ΁ͷϓϩάϥϛϯάֶशࢧԉΛ͢Δ
• ୭͕΍Δͷ͔ who
– ׭ຽֶ࿈ܞʹ͓͚Δʮຽʯ
ɺຽؒͷઐ໳Ո͕΍Δ͜ͱʹҙຯ͕͋Δ
• ͍ͭͷ͜ͱͳͷ͔ when
– ͦͷ࣌఺ͷ࣍೥౓ɻ20 ೥౓͔Βͷॱ࣍ඞमԽʹ޲͚Δ
• ୭ʢͲ͜ʣʹର͢Δ͜ͱͳͷ͔ where
– ۠಺ͷٛ຿ڭҭɺ20 ೥౓খֶੜͳͲ
• ͳͥ΍Δͷ͔ why
– ֶߍڭһ͚ͩͰ͸ϓϩάϥϛϯάྖҬʹ͍ͭͯઐ໳త஌ࣝͷ४උ͕ͳ͍ͨΊऔΓ૊Έ͕
͍ͨ
• Ͳ͏΍Δ͔ how
– ఏҊͯ͠΄͍͕͠΄͔ͷࣄྫ΋ࢀߟʹ͢Δ
• ࣗ෼ୡ͸Կ͔Ͱ͖Δͷ͔ can
– ۠ͷ IT اۀͷίϛϡχςΟΛ׆͔ͯ͠اۀʹڠྗΛཁ੥͢Δ͜ͱ
• ࣗ෼ୡ͸ԿΛ͢΂͖Ͱɺ͢΂͖Ͱͳ͍͔ should
– ࣮ࢪͷબ୒͸ֶߍͷ൑அʹΏͩͶΔͨΊ࣮ࢪϝχϡʔͷఏࣔΛ͢Δʢ΂͖ʣ
– ֶशࢦಋཁྖʹ४ڌ͢Δʢ΂͖ʣ
• ͲΜͳ఍߅ͱো֐͕͋Δͷ͔ resist
– ར༻ڭࡐͷ੍໿͕͋Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍
– ֶߍଆͷڠྗ͕ಘΒΕͳ͍͔΋͠Εͳ͍
– ࢠͲ΋͕ͨͪదԠͰ͖ͳ͍͔΋͠Εͳ͍
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a. ৘ใऩू
จ෦Պֶলͷࢦ਑ͱઌߦࣄྫ
ICT ػثʢ৘ใ୺຤ʣͷѻ͍΍ϓϩάϥϛϯάʹؔ͢Δֶश͕৽ͨʹ௥Ճ͞ΕΔখֶߍɺϓϩ
άϥϛϯά΍৘ใʹؔ͢Δֶश಺༰Λ͞Βʹॆ࣮ͤ͞Δதֶߍɻֶशࢦಋཁྖͷվగ͸ฏ੒ 29 ೥
ʢ2017.3ʣʹެࣔ͞Εɺখֶߍ͸ྩ࿨ 2 ೥౓ʢ2020.4ʣ
ɺதֶߍ͸ྩ࿨ 3 ೥౓ʢ2021.4ʣ͔Βશ໘࣮ࢪ
͞ΕΔɻ௨ৗɺֶशࢦಋཁྖʹ४ڌͨ͠ڭՊॻ͕ڭՊॻग़൛ձ͔ࣾΒ͍͔ͭ͘࡞੒͞Εɺ֤࣏ࣗମ͝
ͱʹબఆ࠾୒Λܦͯɺڭһ͕ڭՊॻΛ΋ͱʹतۀҊΛ࡞੒͠ࢦಋ͢Δɻ2019 ೥౰࣌ɺڭՊॻ͸·ͩ
ͳ͔ͬͨɻ
খֶߍϓϩάϥϛϯάʹؔͯ͠͸ɺࢦఆڭՊͱͯ͠ͷֶश୯ݩ͸ͳ͘ɺطଘͷֶशʹ͞Βʹ ICT
ڭࡐ΍ϓϩάϥϛϯάΛԠ༻͍ͯ͘͜͠ͱ͕ࣔ͞Ε͍ͯΔɻྫࣔ͞ΕԠ༻͠΍͍͢෦෼ͱͯ͠͸ʮࢉ
਺ʯ
ʮཧՊʯ
ʮ૯߹తͳֶशͷ࣌ؒʯͱͳΔɻͦͷޙ࣍ୈʹ͖͋Β͔ʹͳ͍ͬͯ͘ཁૉͱͯ͠ʮΞϧΰ
ϦζϜʯʹؔΘΔ΋ͷ͕৽ͨʹڭՊॻʹࡌͬͨɻ
தֶߍֶशࢦಋཁྖͰ͸͢Ͱʹϓϩάϥϛϯάʹؔͯ͠ଟগ͸ʮٕज़Պʯʹࡌ͍ͬͯͨɻ಺༰͕Α
Γ૿͑ͯॆ࣮͠ɺηϯαͷଌఆɺΞΫνϡΤʔλʢϞʔλʣͷར༻ɺ૒ํ޲௨৴ͱ͍ͬͨࢦ਑͕ࣔ͞
Ε͍ͯΔɻͦͷޙ࣍ୈʹ໌Β͔ʹͳ͍ͬͯ͘ཁૉͱͯ͠ɺ೔ຊޠϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠΛ͔ͭͬͨղઆ
Ͱʮ৘ใҊ಺ʯͱʮνϟοτιϑτʯΛ࡞Δͱ͍͏ͷ͕ڭՊॻʹࡌͬͨɻ
طଘͷख๏
˙ϏδϡΞϧϓϩάϥϛϯά ւ֎༗໊ιϑτ΢ΣΞͷʮScratchʯ
*1ͳͲΛ࢖ͬͨʮϏδϡΞϧϓϩ
άϥϛϯάʯͰ͸֓೦ֶ͕शͰ͖ήʔϜͳͲͷ࡞඼͕࡞ΕΔɻੈքతʹখֶߍఔ౓ͷϓϩάϥϛϯά
ֶशखஈͱͯ͠ελϯμʔτͱݴ͑ΔɻϞʔλ΍ηϯαͳͲͱ૊Έ߹ΘͤͨΩοτ͕ڭࡐձ͔ࣾΒ΋
ൢച͞Ε͓ͯΓ Scratch ͸؆୯ͳػց੍ޚʹ΋༻͍ΒΕ͍ͯΔɻϩϘοτ؝۩ʹ͓͚Δʮϓϩάϥ
ϛϯάʯͷπʔϧͱͯ͠ఏڙ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱ΋͋Δɻ·ͨผͷ΋ͷͱͯ͠͸ɺՈఉ༻ήʔϜػͰ΋ஈ
Ϙʔϧ޻࡞ͱ߹ΘͤͨΩοτʹ͓͍ͯಠࣗͷϏδϡΞϧϓϩάϥϛϯά͕Ͱ͖ɺίϯτϩʔϥೖྗ΍
ޫηϯαΛ࢖ͬͨ࡞඼͕࡞Εͨɻ
ʮϚΠϯΫϥϑτʯ
*2Ͱ͸ɺಛఆͷΤσΟγϣϯʢʙ൛ʣʹ͓͍ͯ֎
෦ػೳΛ࢖͏͜ͱͰຊ֨తͳϓϩάϥϛϯά΍ϏδϡΞϧϓϩάϥϛϯά͕Ͱ͖Δ΋ͷ͕͋Δɻͨͩ
ϏδϡΞϧπʔϧશମͰݴ͑Δ໰୊ʹɺҰఆن໛Ҏ্ͷ࡞඼ʹͳΔͱঢ়ଶ΍શମ͕ݟͮΒ͘ͳΓ࡞੒
೉қ౓্͕͕Γෆศ͕͞૿͢ɻ
*1 Scratch https://scratch.mit.edu/
*2 Minecraft https://www.minecraft.net/
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˙Ξϯϓϥάυϓϩάϥϛϯάֶश ICT ػثΛҰ੾࢖ΘͣʹϓϩάϥϛϯάతࢥߟΛֶͿखஈɻ
ࣄྫͷଟ͘Ͱ͸ΧʔυΛ࢖ͬͯॲཧͷॱং΍಺༰Λߟ͑Δ͜ͱͰ࿦ཧతࢥߟྗ΍ϓϩάϥϛϯάతͳ
ࢥߟ΁ͷֶͼ΁ͱ݁ͼ෇͚͍ͯΔɻֶशͰ͖Δ෯΍ਂ͞͸ϓϩάϥϛϯάΛ࣮ࡍʹڭ͑ͨ࣌΄Ͳʹ͸
࣋ͨͤͮΒ͘ɺػࡐ͕͋Γ࢖͑ΔͷͰ͋Ε͹࢖ͬͨํ͕ྑ͍Մೳੑ͕ߴ͍ɻ
˙ϓϩάϥϛϯάֶशతήʔϜ ίϯγϡʔϚػ΍εϚʔτϑΥϯΞϓϦͳͲͰήʔϜͱͯ͠ϓϩά
ϥϛϯάΛϞνʔϑʹͨ͠΋ͷ͕͍͔ͭ͋͘ΓɺήʔϜ಺ͷߦಈͱͯ͠ϓϩάϥϛϯάతͳೖྗ΍ࢥ
ߟΛͤ͞Δ΋ͷ͕͋ΔɻϓϨΠϠʔ͕ʮਓʯΛϓϩάϥϛϯάͯ͠࢓ࣄͷޮ཰Λ্͛Δ͜ͱΛߟ͑Δ
ͱ͍͏΋ͷ͕Ұ෦Ͱྲྀߦͨ͠ɻ
ʮϚΠϯΫϥϑτʯͰ͸ίϚϯυͱݴΘΕΔΩʔೖྗ΍ͦΕΛ֨ೲ͠
໋ͨྩϒϩοΫΛ૊Έ߹ΘͤͨҰ࿈ͷ࢓ֻ͚ΛϓϩάϥϛϯάͰ͖Δɻ͜ΕΒ͸ମݧΠϕϯτͱͯ͠
ར༻͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͕ଟ͍͕ɺͦͷޙͷ৘ใͰʮϚΠϯΫϥϑτʯʹ͓͍ͯ͸෇Ճཁૉ΋͋ͬͯतۀͰͷ
ࣄྫ΋͋Δɻ
˙ςΩετϓϩάϥϛϯά Web αΠτ্ͳͲͰ JavaScript ౳ͷεΫϦϓτݴޠΛจࣈೖྗͯ͠
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ήʔϜ෩ͳ΋ͷ͔Βࣾձਓ޲͚৬ۀ܇࿅޲͚ͷ༗ྉڭࡐ·Ͱ͍͔ͭ͋͘Δɻ͜ͷπʔϧࣗମ͕νϡʔ
τϦΞϧҎ֎ͷԿ͔ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔέʔϧ͸͋·Γͳ͍ɻ͋Δ͍͸ Scratch ϕʔεͷػث੍ޚιϑτ
΢ΣΞʹ͓͍ͯ JavaScript ΍ Python ΁ग़ྗม׵Ͱ͖Δ৔߹͕͋ΓɺεΫϦϓτΛॻ͍ͯ௚઀੍ޚ
Ͱ͖Δͱݴ͑Δ͕ػثͱηοτߪೖͷ΋ͷʹͳΔɻ
˙ʴЋʹΧϦΩϡϥϜͱࢦಋٕज़ ڭࡐͱֶशΧϦΩϡϥϜͱशख़ͨ͠ࢦಋऀ͕͍ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ
͍ɻ͍ͭ͘΋ͷطଘڭࡐιϑτ΢ΣΞʹ͸ֶशΧϦΩϡϥϜ͕େྔʹ༻ҙ͞Ε͓ͯΓɺࣄۀऀ͸ͦΕ
Λ೥ֹྉۚΛઃఆͯ͠ఏڙ͍ͯ͠Δɻ͋Δ͍͸ઌߦاۀ͸࣏ࣗମͷڠྗͷ΋ͱ੍࡞ͨ͠ΧϦΩϡϥϜ
͕͋Γઐ༻ιϑτ΢ΣΞͱͱ΋ʹ࣮ࢪͰ͖Δ΋ͷ΋͋Δɻ
b. ໰୊ൃݟ ʢ৘ใऩू·ͱΊʣ
• ະࢀೖͰ͸ख͕ग़͕͍ͨ͠͏͑੒ཱͤ͞ΔͨΊʹ͸ڑ཭ײ͕͔ͳΓ͋Δ
• খֶੜ΁ͷࢦಋ͕Ͳ͏͍͏΋ͷ͔ͱ͍͏஌ݟ͕ͳ͍͜ͱʹࣗ෼ͨͪͷ೉͠͞΋͋Δ
• খֶੜ޲͚ϏδϡΞϧϓϩάϥϛϯάͱ࣮༻ϓϩάϥϛϯάͱʹဃ཭͕͋Δ
• तۀͷࢦ਑͔ΒʮϓϩάϥϛϯάతࢥߟʯΛ࢖ͬͨԠ༻͕ٻΊΒΕ͓ͯΓط੡඼͔ͦΕʹมΘ
ΔϓϩμΫτʢֶशͰ͖൓Ԡ͕͋Δ΋ͷʣ͕ඞཁ
• ط੡඼Ͱ͸ݻ༗ͷ੍ݶʹΑͬͯ੡඼ʹର͢ΔϓϩάϥϛϯάҎ֎ͷ܇࿅͕ඞཁʹͳΓʮϓϩά
ϥϛϯάֶशʯͷൣғΛ௒͑ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍
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c. Ծઆઃఆ
৘ใऩू͠ݱࡏͷ໰୊͕ݟ͑ͯ͘Δͱ൒͹ࣗવͱԾઆཱ͕ͬͯ͘ΔɻԾઆͱ͸ɺཪ෇͚͸·ͩͳ͍
͕໰୊ͷঢ়گʹࢸΒ͠ΊΔཁૉΛநग़ͨ͠ΓղܾҊΛڍ͛ΔखॱΛࢦ͢ɻࠓճͷέʔεͰ͸ɺͲ͏ࢧ
ԉΛܭըͯ͠ఏࣔ͢Ε͹ґཔऀͱ͕ࣗࣾ Win-Win Ͱ͋Δ͔Λ໛ࡧ͢Δ͜ͱʹ͋ΔɻԾઆઃఆʹ͸ɺ
͍͔ͭ͘ͷํ޲ੑͰྻڍ͍͖ͯ͠࿙Ε͕ͳ͍Α͏ʹݕ౼ͯ͠΋Α͍͕ɺ͜͜Ͱ͸ʮϩδοΫπϦʔʯ
Λҙࣝͯ͠Ͳ͏͋Δ΂͖͔Λಋ͖ग़ͨ͠ɻ্͔Βॱʹ͓͓Αͦର࿩ܗࣜʹͳ͍ͬͯΔɻ
ࢧԉ͢΂͖ࢪࡦͷԾઆ
• ࣗ෼͕ͨͪͰ͖Δ͜ͱΛͨ͠ํ͕Α͍ͷͰ͸
• ڭһ͕ڭ͑ʹ͍͘೉қ౓ͷ΋ͷΛѻ͍ڭ͑ͨํ͕ت͹ΕΔͷͰ͸
• ط੡඼ͷࢦಋ͸ͦΕ͕Ͱ͖Δͱ͜Ζ͕͢ΔͷͰฐࣾͰ͸ෆཁͳͷͰ͸
• ΤϯδχΞͷܦݧଇతʹ͸ʮςΩετϓϩάϥϛϯάʯ͠ͳ͍ͱࣗ༝ʹͳΕͳ͍ͷͰ͸
• Ͱ͖Δ্͚ͩͷֶ೥Ͱ͋Ε͹ςΩετϓϩάϥϛϯάͰ͖ΔͷͰ͸
•ʮதֶੜʯʹςΩετϓϩάϥϛϯάΛڭ͑Ε͹Α͍ͷͰ͸
• ຊۀʹݶΓͳ͍ۙ͘ͷͰशಘίετͳ͘ࢦಋͰ͖ίϯςϯπఏڙͰ͖ΔՄೳੑ͕ߴ͍ͷͰ͸
ର৅ऀΛதֶੜʹͯ͠΋Α͍ͷͰ͸
౰ॳզʑʹࣔ͞Εݟ͍͑ͯͨظ଴ͱձٞମͷۭؾײͱͯ͠͸׬શʹখֶੜࢧԉͩͬͨɻͨͩখֶੜ
ʹରͯ͠ࢧԉΛ͢Δاۀ͕΄͔ʹ΋͍ͨ͜ͱ͔Βɺ୭΋खΛग़͞ͳ͍தֶੜʹ͢Δ͜ͱΛґཔऀʹ࢕
͏ͱର৅ʹೖ͍ͬͯΔͷͰ OK ͕ͰͨɻݟํʹΑͬͯ͸ɺओྲྀ͔Β֎Εͯ཭୤ͨ͠ͱͱΒΕ͔Ͷͳ
͍ɻґཔऀͱฐࣾҎ֎ɺͦΕ͸ͳ͍ͱ͍͏ۭؾͩͱײ͍͕ͯͨ͡ڧ͍৴೦ͰਐΉɻ
͜ͷ࣌఺Ͱࣗࣾͷݟղͷશମ૾͕ݟ͖͑ͯͨͨΊɺࢹ఺Λʮࣗ૊৫ʯͱ͢Δʮ5W1HʯͰ੔ཧ͢Δɻ
ࣗ૊৫ʹͱͬͯ
– ґཔऀͷ๬ΉࢧԉΛ࣮ࢪ͢Δ
– ֶशιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃ·ͨ͸ΧϦΩϡϥϜߏங
– ߨࢣͱॿखͷख഑ͱ܇࿅
– ༧ࢉ͔͚ͳ͍ൣғͱͯ͠ࢲࣗ਎
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– தֶߍ͕ϓϩάϥϛϯάΛ࣮ࢪ͢Δ 2021 ೥౓·Ͱ
– தֶߍͷओʹٕज़Պ
– IT اۀͱͯ͠஌ݟΛࢠͲ΋ͨͪͷֶशʹؐݩֶ͠ߍ͚ͩͰ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ઐ໳஌ࣝΛఏڙ͢
Δ͜ͱͰ஍Ҭؐݩ͢Δ
• Ͳ͏΍Δ͔ how
– ςΩετϓϩάϥϛϯάͷֶशΛԿΒ͔ͷίϯςϯπΛىͯ͜͠ఏڙ͢Δ
– ֶशίϯςϯπ͸͍Ζ͍Ζͳͱ͜ΖͰ࢖͑ͦ͏ͳࣗࣾఏڙڭࡐͱ͍͏͜ͱͰݕ౼
– ιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃ΍αʔϏε։ൃͱϓϩάϥϛϯάͰ͋Δ
– தֶɺߴߍʹ޲͚ͯʮاۀ๚໰ड͚ೖΕʯͱ͍͏ֶߍ͔Βاۀ΁ͷ๚໰Λड͚Δίϯςϯ
πΛ࣮ࢪ͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊਓ෺૾͕ΠϝʔδͰ͖Δ
– ϓϩάϥϛϯά͸͢΂͖͕ͩط੡඼ͷࢦಋ͸͓ͦΒ͘͢΂͖Ͱ͸ͳ͍
– தֶߍʹϓϩάϥϛϯάֶशͷࢧԉ͕ෆཁ͔΋͠Εͳ͍
– ίϯςϯπ͕੒ཱ͠ͳ͍͔΋͠Εͳ͍
– ੜెֶ͕शΛड͚ೖΕͳ͍͔΋͠Εͳ͍
d. ݕূ
Πϕϯτ։࠵ཁ๬͕͋Γίϯςϯπͷ্ཱͪ͛ͱ࣮ূࢼݧ·ͰਐΉʙ
ґཔऀͷҙ޲ʹΑͬͯɺऔΓ૊Έશମͱ͍ͯͣ͠Ε͔Λֶߍʹ͍࣋ͬͯ͘લʹ·ͣ͸اۀओ࠵ͷֶ
शΠϕϯτͰͷΞϐʔϧͱ࣮੷ͮ͘ΓΛ͢Δ͜ͱʹͳΔɻΠϕϯτͰର৅ऀ΍ֶश಺༰ʹؔͯ͠σʔ
λ͕औΕΔɻલ߲Ͱڍ͛ͨԾઆΛ۩ମతʹͯ͠ݕূ͢Δઈ޷ͷػձͷͨΊͲΜͳܗͰ͋Ε 21 ೥౓ʢ2
೥ޙʣ࣮ࢪͷίϯςϯπҊΛࡦఆͯ͠ࢼݧʹྟΉɻ͜ͷͱ͖ 2019 ೥౓ 5 ݄ͰՆͷΠϕϯτ։࠵·Ͱ
࢒Γ 3 ϱ݄͕ͩͬͨ 20 ೥౓ʹऔΓ૊ΉΞΫγϣϯͷํ޲ੑʹӨڹ͢Δͱߟ͑ΒΕͨɻڠྗऀΛ૿΍
ͭͭ͠ΠϕϯτࢀՃऀʹ޲͚ͨ։࠵֓ཁ΍໨తͱ͍ͬͨاը΋ࣗΒܝ͛ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɻσόΠ
εʹ͍ͭͯɺ͜ͷ࣌఺Ͱͷ૝ఆσόΠεΛ Android λϒϨοτͱઃఆͨͨ͠Ί͢΂ͯͷૢ࡞͸λο
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˞ͷͪʹ۠ͷ PC ͱͯ͠ Windows λϒϨοτܕ͕ࢧڅ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͔Βޙऀ͕λʔήοτ୺຤ʹ
ͳΔ
୲౰ऀϨϕϧͷঢ়گͱ໨ඪ͕ݟ͖͑ͨͨΊɺࢹ఺Λʮࣗ෼ࣗ਎ʯͱ͢Δʮ5W1HʯͰ੔ཧ͢Δɻ
ࣗ෼ࣗ਎ʹͱͬͯ
– ֶߍͰ࣮ࢪֶ͍ͨ͠शࢧԉͷ࠷খ੡඼ߏ੒ʢMVPʣͱΧϦΩϡϥϜҊΛ࡞੒͢Δ
– ґཔऀ͕๬ΉֶशΠϕϯτΛ։࠵͠ࢧԉͷ࣮ݱࣗମΛ͢Δ
– ΋ͪΖΜࣗ෼ࣗ਎
– 2019 ೥౓Նʢ3 ϱ݄ޙʣͷΠϕϯτ·Ͱʹୡ੒͢Δ
– ΠϕϯτԠื͖ͯͨ͠தֶੜ
– 20 ೥౓ʢ࣍೥౓ʣ
ɺ21 ೥౓ʢ࣍ʑ೥౓ʣʹֶߍ΁ΦϑΝʔ͢ΔͨΊͷσʔλऔಘͱલྫͮ
͘ΓͷͨΊ
• Ͳ͏΍Δ͔ how
–ʢ࠷ऴతʹʣήʔϜ੍࡞తεΫϦϓτͷԠ༻ͱήʔϛϑΟέʔγϣϯʢ՝୊ͷήʔϜԽʣʹ
ΑΔֶशίϯςϯπΛఏڙ
– ٕज़తʹʮήʔϜ੍࡞తεΫϦϓτʢΠϕϯτεΫϦϓτͱͯ͠ར༻͞Ε͍ͯΔݴޠʣ
ʯ͕
഑෍෺ͷϥϯλΠϜͰར༻Ͱ͖Δ͔ͷݕূ͕ඞཁ
–ʢࢲ͸ʣήʔϜ͕ओ࣠ͷιϑτ΢ΣΞͷఏڙͱςΩετϓϩάϥϛϯάͷࢦಋ
– ࣍೥౓Ҏ߱Ͳ͏͍͏ల։ʹ͢Δ͔Λݟग़ࣔͤ͠Δਓؒ͸ࣗ෼͔͍͠ͳ͍ʢ։ൃͱࢦಋ͸ࢲ
ҰਓͳͷͰʣ
– Α͍ػձΛಀͣ͞ΠϕϯτͰԾઆݕূʹد༩͢ΔσʔλΛͱΔʢ΂͖ʣ
– ४උظ͕ؒগͳ͍͔ΒͱػձΛಀ͢΂͖Ͱͳ͍
– ίϯςϯπ੍࡞͕ૂ͍௨Γண஍Ͱ͖ͳ͍͔΋͠Εͳ͍
– ιϑτ΢ΣΞ΍Πϕϯτࣗମ͕ظ଴௨Γ࣮ࢪͰ͖ͳ͍͔΋͠Εͳ͍
– ݕূ݁Ռͷσʔλ͕ෆຬΛ͔ࣔ͢΋͠Εͳ͍
ݕূ݁Ռ
४උʹ͓͍ͯ։ൃ 2 ϱ݄ͱςετ͓Αͼௐ੔ 1 ϱ݄Λඅ΍͠ιϑτ΢ΣΞ͸ແࣄ։ൃʹ੒ޭͨ͠ɻ
ΠϕϯτࢀՃऀืूͷ࣌఺Ͱ಺༰ͷܝ͕ࣔඞཁͩͬͨͨΊهࡌ͢Δ಺༰Ͱ࣮֬ʹΰʔϧͰ͖Δͱ֬ఆ
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Ͱ͖Δ·Ͱʹר͖ʹר͍ͯςετΛॏͶͨɻΠϕϯτʹ͸ 25 ਓ΄Ͳͷࣾһ͔Βڠྗ͕ಘΒΕɺखް
͘੝େʹ։࠵Ͱ͖ɺ҆৺ͯ͠ΠϕϯτӡӦΛҕͶΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨɻऔಘσʔλͱͯ͠͸ɺதֶੜ͕ς
Ωετϓϩάϥϛϯά͕͋Δఔ౓·Ͱ࣮ફͰ͖ͨ੒Ռɺͭ·͖ͣ΍͍͢ՕॴɺΞϯέʔτʹΑΔ൓ڹ
ΛಘΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨɻͦΕ͔Β͍ͨ΁Μҙຯਂ͍͜ͱͱͯ͠ɺϓϩάϥϛϯάʹڵຯ͕͋Δ͕औΓ૊
ΜͰ͍ͳ͍ະܦݧऀͷϖϧιφʢސ٬Ϟσϧɺ૝ఆଐੑͷਓ෺૾ͷҙຯʣ͕֫ಘͰ͖ͨ͜ͱ͕ڍ͛Β
ΕΔɻσʔλͱϖϧιφʹؔͯ͠͸ɺฐࣾ͸શࠃ͔Βདྷࣾ͢Δʮֶߍ๚໰ड͚ೖΕʯΛߦ͍ͬͯͨ͜
ͱ͕޾͍͠ɺͦͷޙ΋΄΅ಉ৚݅ͷֶशΛ࣮ࢪͯ͠ܧଓతʹ൓ԠΛݟͯ͸ௐ੔͕ܧଓͰ͖ͨɻͬ͘͟
ΓԆ΂ 100 ਓҎ্ࢼߦͰ͖ͨɻ
ਤ: αϚʔΩϟϯϓ 2019
ਤ: اۀ๚໰ϓϩάϥϜ
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ୈ 5 ষ ֶߍఏڙιϑτ΢ΣΞͰ໰୊ղܾ 5.5 ໨ඪઃఆͱߦಈࢦ਑
5.5 ໨ඪઃఆͱߦಈࢦ਑
a. Πϕϯτޙͷܦա
ΠϕϯτΛ࣮ࢪͨ͜͠ͱͰۮવ͕Ұͭൃੜͨ͠ɻెาݍʹ͋Δۙྡͷެཱதֶߍͷੜె͕ਃ͠ࠐΜ
Ͱ͘Εͨ͜ͱ͔ΒىҼ͢Δɻ൴͸ϓϩάϥϛϯάͱΠϕϯτࢀՃʹର͍ͯͨ͠΁Μ೤ҙͱر๬Λ࣋ͬ
͍ͯΔֶੜ͕ͩࣄ৘ʹΑΓࢭΉʹࢭ·Εͣܽ੮ͱͳͬͯ͠·ͬͨͱ͍͏ɻ͔͠͠൴͸Ѫ͢΂͖ਓ෺
ͩͬͨɻչ΍·ΕΔࣄଶʹΑΓ౰࣌ͷڭ৬һ͕୅ΘΓʹݟֶʹདྷࣾ͠ɺςΩετڭࡐΛ࣋ͪؼͬͯษ
ڧͤͯ͞΋Α͍͔ͱΘ͟Θ֬͟ೝΛٻΊ͖ͯͨͷͰ͋Δɻ΋ͪΖΜঝ୚ͨ͠͏͑Ͱɺઌੜ͸͞Βʹ
90 ෼ͷϫʔΫγϣοϓΛ͢΂ͯݟֶͯ͠ؼΒΕͨɻͦͷޙ೔ʹઌੜํͱݱঢ়ͷ͓࿩͠Λฉ͍͍ͯ͘
ͱɺϓϩάϥϛϯάֶश΍ ICT ׆༻ʢ৘ใ୺຤׆༻ʣʹ͸ࢦಋऀ΍ίϯςϯπͷ՝୊͕͋Γɺͦ͠
ͯੜెʹԿ͕࠷ద͔ͷ໨ॲཱ͕͍ͬͯͳ͍ঢ়گͰ໛ࡧ͍ͯ͠Δঢ়گ͕͏͔͕͍஌Εͨɻͦ͜Ͱಉߍ΁
ͷϓϩάϥϛϯάֶशࢧԉͱͯ͠ɺ͜ͷϫʔΫγϣοϓΠϕϯτΛϞσϧͱͨ͠ෳ਺ճֶशߨ࠲ͷ࣮
ݱΛ໨ࢦͯ͠ɺऔΓ૊ΈΛ۩ମԽ͍ͯ͘͜͠ͱʹ྆ऀ߹ҙͨ͠ɻ
ల։ͱͯ͠͸ґཔऀ͕ೋऀʹͳΔ͕ɺैདྷͷґཔऀͱͯ͠౰ॳΑΓ಺แ͍ͯͨ͠ͱݴͬͯᴥᴪ͸ͳ
͘ɺ͋Δ͍͸ґཔऀͷޙΖଆʹҐஔ͢Δɻͭ·Γ૬खଆʹ͓͚Δʮࣗ૊৫ʯͱʮࣗ෼ࣗ਎ʯͷؔ܎ʹ
͋ͨΓɺґཔऀͰ͋Δ۠ͱֶߍ͸ʮ౷ׅ૊৫ʯͱʮ૊৫ʯͷؔ܎ʹ͋ͨΔɻΑΓ۩ମతͳ໰୊΁ͷऔ
Γ૊ΈͱղܾΛҎͯ׆ಈͱ੒ՌΛࣔ͢΄͏͕ΑΓ༗ҙٛͰ͋Δͱߟ͑ɺैདྷͷґཔऀʢґཔऀᶃʣͷ
ҙࢥͷ΋ͱ۩ମతͳࢪࡦ࣮ࢪઌͱͳΔֶߍʢґཔऀᶄʣ΁ͷɺݸผͷ໰୊ࣄྫΛղܾ͢ΔऔΓ૊Έʹ
ࢹ఺Λམͱͨ͠ɻ
b. ࣋ଓతʹୡ੒͢Δߦಈࢦ਑ʹམͱ͠ࠐΉ
ґཔऀͷ໰୊͸ϫϯΞΫγϣϯ΋͘͠͸ 1 ϓϩμΫτͰ͢΂ͯ͸ղফ͠ͳ͍ɻϓϩδΣΫτ͕։࢝
͞ΕΔͱࣗ෼ͷ໨ඪ΍ࠓͷ՝୊͚ͩߟ͑ͯಥ͖ਐΜͰ͠·͍ɺ্௕΍૊৫ͷ໨ඪͱͦΕͯ͠·͏͜ͱ
͕ଟ͍ɻ
͜͜·Ͱݟ͖ͯͨࡾऀͷʮ5W1Hʯ͸੾ΓޱΛม͑͞ΒʹผͷݟํΛͯ͠ݕ౼ΛਂΊΔɻࠓճͷ
έʔεʹ͓͚Δґཔऀͷ໰୊ͱ͸ɺओޠ͸େ͖ͳ͘͘Γͷਓͷू·ΓͰ͋Γɺશମ΁ͷ࣋ଓత͔ͭॊ
ೈͳࢧԉΛඞཁͱ͢Δ΋ͷͰ͋Δɻ͜ͷΑ͏ʹ࣌ؒ࣠ͷ௕͍՝୊ʹରͯ͠औΓ૊Ήͱ͖ʹ͸্ԼϨΠ
Ϡͷࢹ࠲Λߦ͖͠ɺ࣋ଓతʹୡ੒͠ଓ͚Δʮߦಈࢦ਑ʯͱݸผͷʮ໨ඪઃఆʯΛͦͷ౎౓֬ೝͯ͠औ
Γ૊Ήɻ
ܧଓͯ͠໰୊ʹऔΓ૊ΉதͰऴ࢝໨తΛݟࣦΘͣʹ໨తΛ਱ߦ͢ΔͨΊʹ࣍ͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛղ
આ͍ͨ͠ɻ
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c. ߦಈࢦ਑ͱ໨ඪઃఆʹʮOKRʯ
໨ඪઃఆʹ͍ͭͯ͸ Google ࣾͳͲͰ΋ಋೖ͞Εͨ OKR ͱ͍͏ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ͕͋Δɻղઆ͢Δ
ͱɺObjectives and Key Results ɹͷུͰɺ໨ඪʢObjectivesʣ
ɺओཁࢦ਑ʢKey Resultsʣͷҙຯ͕
͋ΔɻO ͱ KR ͷ 2 ఺Λɺ૊৫શମͰɺϓϩδΣΫτ୯ҐͰɺ୲౰ऀͰɺͱ෼ղͯ͠۩ମతʹ͍ͯ͠
͘ɻ֤ϨΠϠͰܭଌՄೳͳ໨ඪͱͯ͠۩ମతʹऔΓ૊Ίͯ࠷ऴ໨ඪ͕ୡ੒Ͱ͖Δͱ͢Δ΋ͷɻ͜ͷ໨
ඪͷԠ༻͸ɺ૊৫΍্௕͔ΒԼͣ͞ͱ΋ࣗ෼Ͱࢹ࠲Λมཻ͑౓Λ্͛Լ͛ͯ͠໨ඪઃఆ͢ΔͱશମΛ
၆ᛌ͠ͳ͕Β۩ମతʹऔΓ૊ΊΔɻྨࣅͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫʹ͸ʮSMARTʯ΍ʮMBOʯͱ͍ͬͨख
๏͕͋Δ͕ɺ͍ͣΕͷ৔߹Ͱ΋্Ґ໨ඪ͔ΒԼҐ໨ඪ΁ͷΑ͏ͳ۩ମԽ΍ KPIʢධՁࢦඪʣ͕ॏཁͱ
͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ
͜Ε·Ͱड़΂͖ͯͨʮ5W1HʯͷϦετ͸໨ඪʹݴ͍׵͑ͯू໿͢ΔͱԼهͷΑ͏ʹͱ·ͱΊΔ͜
ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɻ
Πϕϯτ·Ͱͷ OKR
• ґཔऀʹͱͬͯ
–ʢͲ͜Ͱʣ۠಺ͷٛ຿ڭҭɺ20 ೥౓খֶੜͳͲ΁
–ʢ͍ͭʣͦͷ࣌఺ͷ࣍೥౓ɻ20 ೥౓͔Βͷॱ࣍ඞमԽʹ޲͚ʢظ೔໨ඪʣ
–ʢͲ͏͢΂͖ʣֶशࢦಋཁྖʹ४ڌ͢Δ࣮ࢪϝχϡʔͷఏࣔΛͯ͠
–ʢͳʹΛʣٛ຿ڭҭ΁ͷϓϩάϥϛϯάֶशࢧԉΛ͢Δɹʢఆྔ໨ඪʣ
• ࣗ૊৫ʹͱͬͯ
–ʢͲ͜Ͱʣதֶߍͷओʹٕज़Պ
–ʢ͍ͭʣதֶߍ͕ϓϩάϥϛϯάΛ࣮ࢪ͢Δ 2021 ೥౓·Ͱʢظ೔໨ඪʣ
–ʢͲ͏͢΂͖ʣຊདྷͷҙຯͷϓϩάϥϛϯάΛࢦಋ͠
–ʢͳʹΛʣґཔऀͷ๬ΉࢧԉΛ࣮ࢪ͢Δʢ਺ྔʹఆྔ໨ඪʣ
• ࣗ෼ࣗ਎ʹͱͬͯ
–ʢͲ͜ͰʣΠϕϯτԠื͖ͯͨ͠தֶੜ
–ʢ͍ͭʣ3 ϱ݄ޙͷΠϕϯτ·Ͱʹʢظ೔໨ඪʣ
–ʢͲ͏͢΂͖ʣΑ͍ػձΛಀͣ͞ɺΠϕϯτͰԾઆݕূʹد༩͢ΔσʔλΛͱΓ
–ʢͳʹΛʣֶߍͰ࣮ࢪֶ͍ͨ͠शࢧԉͷ࠷খ੡඼ߏ੒ʢMVPʣͱΧϦΩϡϥϜҊΛ࡞੒͠
ֶशΠϕϯτͰσʔλΛͱΔʢఆྔ໨ඪʣ
͜ͷΑ͏ʹ্ԼϨΠϠͲ͏͠Ͱͭͳ͕Γͷ͋Δےͷ௨ͬͨ໨ඪͱͳ͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱ͕ಡΈऔΓ΍͢
͍ɻ
ʮ5W1HʯʴЋͰॻ͖ى߲ͨ͜͠໨Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱΛ׆͔ͯ͠ whereɾwhenɾshouldɾwhat Λ࢒͠
͓͍ͯͨɻͳ͓ࢹ఺͝ͱʹݟΔ࣌ؒ࣠ʹҧ͍͕͋Γʮࣗ෼ࣗ਎ʯͰ͸Πϕϯτ·Ͱ͕ 1 αΠΫϧͱͳ
Γɺ౸ୡ஍఺͸࠷ऴཁ݅ୡ੒ʹ·͍͍ͩͨͬͯͳ͍ɻͦͷϑΣʔζ͝ͱʹ࣮ݱ͢Δ͜ͱΛݟग़্͠ͷ
ͭͳ͕ΓΛอ͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱΛҙࣝ͠ͳ͕Βߦಈ͢Δɻ
ʮࣗ෼ࣗ਎ʯʹ͓͚Δ୲౰Ϩϕϧͷ໨ඪ͕ 1 ͭ
ୡ੒͞Εͨޙ͸Ұ্ͭͷϨΠϠ͕ࣔ͢ࢦ਑ͷதʹ͋Δ࣍ͳΔߦಈΛʮࣗ෼ࣗ਎ʯʹ՝͢ɻ
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Πϕϯτ͔Β೥౓຤·Ͱͷ OKR
• ґཔऀᶄʹͱͬͯ
–ʢͲ͜Ͱʣࣗߍ 1ʙ2 ೥ੜ΁
–ʢ͍ͭʣ࣮ݱͰ͖͏Δ࣌ظʹʢظ೔໨ඪʣ
–ʢͲ͏͢΂͖ʣ·ͣ͸์՝ޙֶश΍Ϋϥϒ׆ಈͳͲͷ೚ҙࢀՃͰ
–ʢͳʹΛʣΠϕϯτͰࣔ͞ΕͨΑ͏ͳϓϩάϥϛϯάֶशࢧԉΛ͢Δɹʢఆྔ໨ඪʣ
• ґཔऀᶃʹͱͬͯ
– ˞ มΘΒͣ
–ʢ͍ͭʣͦͷ࣌఺ͷ࣍೥౓ɻ20 ೥౓͔Βͷॱ࣍ඞमԽʹ޲͚ʢظ೔໨ඪʣ
• ࣗ૊৫ʹͱͬͯ
– ˞ มΘΒͣ
–ʢ͍ͭʣதֶߍ͕ϓϩάϥϛϯάΛ࣮ࢪ͢Δ 2021 ೥౓·Ͱʢظ೔໨ඪʣ
–ʢͲ͏͢΂͖ʣຊདྷͷҙຯͷϓϩάϥϛϯάΛࢦಋ͠
–ʢͳʹΛʣґཔऀͷ๬ΉࢧԉΛ࣮ࢪ͢Δʢ਺ྔʹఆྔ໨ඪʣ
• ࣗ෼ࣗ਎ʹͱͬͯ
–ʢͲ͜ͰʣΦϑΟγϟϧʹର৅ߍͷߍ಺Ͱ
–ʢ͍ͭʣ೥౓಺ͭ·Γ 5 ϱ݄Ҏ಺ʹʢظ೔໨ඪʣ
–ʢͲ͏͢΂͖ʣΑ͍ػձΛಀͣ͞ɺԾઆݕূͱվળػձͱͯ͠ɺ͞Βʹࣄྫͮ͘Γͱͯ͠
–ʢͳʹΛʣֶߍͰ࣮ࢪ͢΂͖੡඼ߏ੒ͱΧϦΩϡϥϜΛߏ੒ֶ͠शࢧԉ͢Δʢఆྔ໨ඪʣ
ޙऀͷϦετͰ͸ɺֶߍͰ͋Δʮґཔऀᶄʯ͸ࣗ෼ࣗ਎ͷରہͱͳΔΑ͏࠷্Ґʹܝࡌͨ͠ɻ͜Ε
ʹΑͬͯؒͷϨΠϠ૊৫ΛͲͷΑ͏ʹҙࣝ͢Δͷ͔͕มΘΓɺ࠷ԼҐ໨ඪୡ੒Ͱ࠷্Ґ໨ඪ՝୊͕ղ
ܾͰ͖Δ͔ΛٻΊ͍ͯΔɺͱࣔ͢͜ͱʹͳΔɻ
d. ʮͲ͏΍ͬͯʯ෦෼ɺίϯςϯπͷߏஙʹ޲͚ͯ
ͦΕͰ͸࣍અ͔Βɺίϯςϯπͷاը։ൃʹ໨Λ޲͚ͯղઆ͢ΔɻΠϕϯτͱͦͷޙʹ͓͍ͯͲͷ
Α͏ͳઓུ΍ҙਤΛ΋ͬͯൃ૝ɾاը͍͔ͯͬͨ͠ʹ͍ͭͯղઆͦ͠ͷख๏Λ঺հ͍ͨ͠ɻ
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ୈ 5 ষ ֶߍఏڙιϑτ΢ΣΞͰ໰୊ղܾ 5.6 ίϯςϯπاըͱ͞·͟·ͳ෼ੳ
5.6 ίϯςϯπاըͱ͞·͟·ͳ෼ੳ
ఏڙ͢ΔڭࡐͱΧϦΩϡϥϜʢҎԼίϯςϯπʣʹ͍ͭͯߟ͑Δɻ࣮ݱ͍ͨ͠ཁ݅͸ɺςΩετϓ
ϩάϥϛϯάͰήʔϛϑΟέʔγϣϯͱֶशͰ͋ΔɻมԽٿΛ౤͍͛ͨ༁Ͱ͸ͳ͍͕ɺط੡඼ͱಉ͡
΋ͷΛ࡞ͬͯ΋·ͬͨ͘ҙຯ͕ͳ͍ɻط੡඼ͱಉ͡Α͏ͳͱ͜Ζֶ͕शͰ͖Δ΋ͷͩͱ͢Δͱɺٸ͝
͠Β͑ͨͪ͜͠Βʹউͪ໨͕ͳ͍͏͑ɺΦϦδφϧΛར༻ͨ͠΄͏͕ϚγͱͳΔɻ·ͨڭҭۀքͰ
͸ɺڭࡐ։ൃձ͕ࣾઐ໳ੑΛ׆͔ͯ͠ൢച͍ͯ͠ΔΩοτ͕ͨ͘͞Μ͋Γɺ͢Ͱʹར༻͍ͯ͠Δ৔߹
΋͋ΔɻίϯγϡʔϚʔʢফඅऀʣʹ޲͚ͯ͸ɺήʔϛϑΟέʔγϣϯΛ׆ָ͔ͯ͠͠Έͳ͕Βֶश
Ͱ͖Δʢ·ͨ͸ֶशͱ͸ޛΒͤͳ͍ʣΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ΍੡඼͕ͨ͘͞Μ͋Δɻاըʹ͋ͨͬͯ͸ɺ
औΓ૊Ή༨஍͕͋Δͷ͔Ͳ͏͔͔Βௐ΂Δඞཁ͕͋ΔͨΊɺࢢ৔΍ࣗ਎Λ͔ͬ͠ΓݟΔ͜ͱ͔Β࢝
ΊΔɻ
a. STP ෼ੳʢࢢ৔λʔήοτϙδγϣϯʣ
৽نࣄۀΛల։͢Δ͏͑Ͱࢢ৔ʹ͓͚ΔཱͪҐஔΛ໌֬Խ͢ΔͨΊʹ༻͍ΔɺϑΟϦοϓɾίτ
ϥʔͷఏএͨ͠ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͰ͋ΔɻSegmentationʢࢢ৔ࡉ෼Խʣ - Targetingʢࢢ৔બ୒ʣ -
PositioningʢཱͪҐஔʣɹͷ಄จࣈΛͱͬͯ STP ෼ੳͱ͍͏ɻ୭ʹΉ͚Δͷ͕ద੾͔ɺڝ߹ͱͷ੗
Έ෼͚͕Ͱ͖Δ͔ʹ͍ͭͯࢹ֮తʹ΋෼ੳͰ͖Δɻ
ڝ߹ͱઃఆ͍͔ͨͭ͘͠ͷαʔϏε͓Αͼ੡඼Λ੡඼঺հΩϟονίϐʔΛݩʹର৅೥ྸΛ෼ྨ
͢Δɻ
ڝ߹ ༮ࣇ খֶੜʢ௿ʣ খֶੜʢதʣ খֶੜʢߴʣ தֶੜ ߴߍੜ Ұൠ
੡඼ V ̋ ̋ - - - - -
੡඼ P - ̋ ̋ - - - -
੡඼ Q - ̋ ̋ ̋ - - -
੡඼ S - ̋ ̋ ̋ - - -
੡඼ H - ̋ ̋ ̋ ̋ ̋ ̋
੡඼ N - - ̋ ̋ ̋ ̋ ̋
දͷ੡඼ྫͱͯ͠͸෼͔ΓͮΒ͍͕ɺ༗ྗͳ੡඼͕ौ଺͓ͯ͠Βͣಛ௃͕ଧͪग़͠΍͍͢ྖҬ͕
ʮதֶɾߴߍʯͱ͍͏λʔήοτԾઆ͕ݟ͑ͨɻಉ༷ͷηάϝϯτʹ͋Δ੡඼ Hɾ੡඼ N ͳͲͷڝ߹
ͱͷϙδγϣϯͰ͸ɺ
ʢ౰ॳʣAndroid λϒϨοτΛத৺ʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰϓϥοτϑΥʔϜʹΑΔࠩผ
ԽΛૂͬͨɻͦͷ΄ֶ͔शྖҬͷॅΈ෼͚ΛධՁ͠ͳ͕Βɺதֶֶशࢦಋཁྖ͕ࣔ͢ʮωοτϫʔ
Ϋʯͷར༻Λߟྀ͢Δ෦෼͸ྫ͕গͳ͍ɻ·ͨςΩετϓϩάϥϛϯάͷڝ߹Ͱ͸શମతʹυϦϧܗ
͕ࣜଟ͍ͨΊɺ׆༻΍ࣗݾ࣮ݱʹͭͳ͛ΔֶशͳͲɺֶशࣗମͷػೳΑΓʮԠ༻ʯʹ΋ࠩผԽ͢Δϙ
ΠϯτΛஔ͚Δɻ˞ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜʹ͍ͭͯ͸ผهͨ͠௨Γͦͷޙ Windows λϒϨοτ PC ΁ͷ
ఏڙʹࢸΔ
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ୈ 5 ষ ֶߍఏڙιϑτ΢ΣΞͰ໰୊ղܾ 5.6 ίϯςϯπاըͱ͞·͟·ͳ෼ੳ
b. VRIO ෼ੳʢڝ߹༏Ґੑʣ
ܦӦࢿݯΛ 4 ͭͷࢹ఺ͰධՁ͠෼ੳ͢ΔͨΊͷɺδΣΠɾBɾόʔχʔ͕ఏএͨ͠ϑϨʔϜϫʔ
ΫͰ͋Δɻ4 ͭͷࢹ఺͸ɺValueʢܦࡁՁ஋ʣ- Rarityʢرগੑʣ- Inimitability ʢ໛฿ࠔ೉ੑʣ-
Organizationʢ૊৫ʣ
ɻ
• ܦࡁՁ஋ɹ ... ސ٬΍ࣾձʹͱͬͯՁ஋͕͋Δ͔
• رɹগɹੑ ... رগੑ͕͋ͬͯಛ௃෇͚ΒΕΔ͔
• ໛฿ࠔ೉ੑ ... ྨࣅ඼͕؆୯ʹग़ճͬͯ͠·͏͔
• ૊ɹɹ৫ɹ ... ׆༻Ͱ͖Δ૊৫ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ͔
ֶࣗࣾशίϯςϯπͷ VRIO ෼ੳ
• ܦࡁՁ஋
– ؆୯ͰςΩετϓϩάϥϛϯάͰͪΐ͏ͲΑ͍΋ͷ͕গͳ͍தͰόϦΤʔγϣϯΛ࣋ͨͤ
ֶͨͼ͕֫ಘͰ͖ΔͨΊࢦಋ΋ؚΉύοέʔδʹର͢ΔՁ஋ͱͯ͠ଧͪग़ͤΔ
• رগੑ
– ςΩετϓϩάϥϛϯάίϯςϯπɺήʔϛϑΟέʔγϣϯ՝୊ֶशɺςΩετϓϩάϥ
ϛϯάͷࣗ༝౓͕࣋ͭόϥΤςΟɺࣾһ͕௚઀ࢦಋɺͷֻ͚ࢉʹرগੑ͕͋Δ
• ໛฿ࠔ೉ੑ
– ιϑτ΢ΣΞɾΧϦΩϡϥϜɾࢦಋɾԠ༻ͷཁૉ͕͋Γ࣮ݱίετ͕ൺֱతߴ͍
– ฐࣾͷεϚʔτϑΥϯΞϓϦʮϞϯελʔετϥΠΫʯʹొ৔͢ΔਓؾΩϟϥΫλʔʮΦ
ϥΰϯʯ͕׆༻͞Ε͓ͯΓɺֶशʹର͢ΔোนΛݮΒ͠ಠࣗੑɾݸੑ͕ߴ·͍ͬͯΔ
• ૊৫
– ͜ͷྖҬʹ͓͍͔ͯͳΓͷࡋྔΛ΋ͬͯ΄ͱΜͲࣗ༝ʹͤͯ͞΋Β͍͑ͯΔͨΊɺ࡞ͬͨ
ίϯςϯπΛ׆༻͠ల։͢ΔͨΊʹ·ͨ׆ಈͦ͠ΕͧΕΛ݁ͼ෇͚Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɻ
ʢࠓ
ճͷࣥච΋ͦͷҰ؀Ͱ͋Δʣ
ΑΓΑ͍෼ੳͱ݁ՌΛ׆͔͢૊৫ʹ
VRIO ෼ੳΛཧղͨ͠͏͑ͰϓϩδΣΫτ਱ߦ͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰ͋Ε͹ɺͦͷϓϩμΫτʢ੡඼ͱαʔ
ϏεΛؚΉʣ͕༗ҙٛͰ͋Δͷ͔ɺ͋Δ͍͸ΑΓྑ͘ΑΓ͍҆΋ͷ͕͢Ͱʹଘࡏͨ͠Γ͙͢ग़ճͬͯ
͠·͏ͷ͔ΛݟΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɻڝ߹༏Ґੑ΍ݸੑʢྑ͞ʣΛཧղͨ͠͏͑Ͱίϯςϯπ։ൃ͔Βఏ
ࣔ·Ͱ͕ߦ͑ΔͷͰ͋Ε͹ɺ୯ʹ෺௝͍͔͠Βɺײ৘Ҡೖ͍ͯ͠Δ͔Βɺͱ͍ͬͨओ؍తͳηʔϧε
ϙΠϯτʹྗΛೖΕͯޡͬͨૌٻΛͯ͠͠·͏Մೳੑ͕ݮΔͩΖ͏ɻ
݁࿦Λม͑ΒΕͳ͍૊৫͕෼ੳΛ͢Δ͜ͱҎ্ʹແՁ஋ͳ΋ͷ͸ͳ͍ɻաڈܦݧͨ͠ଟ͘ͷϓϩμ
ΫτͰ͸ϏδωεϩδοΫ΍खஈͷબఆ͕ઌʹ͋ΓͦͷؒΛίϯςϯπاըͰຒΊ͍ͯΔɻVRIO ෼
ੳͷ؍఺΍ͦͷ΄͔ͷ༗ޮͳ෼ੳͰ༏Ґੑ΍Ձ஋͕ࣔͤͳ͍ͷͰ͋Ε͹ɺͰ͖Δ͚ͩૣ͍λΠϛϯά
ͰͷʮϐϘοτʯΛɺͭ·Γย଍ΛͣΒ͢มֵ͕๬·ΕΔɻ
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ୈ 5 ষ ֶߍఏڙιϑτ΢ΣΞͰ໰୊ղܾ 5.7 ΞΠσΞͷൃ૝ͱࢥߟ
5.7 ΞΠσΞͷൃ૝ͱࢥߟ
a. ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫʮϦʔϯΩϟϯόεʯͰߟ͑Δ
ىۀɾࣄۀΞΠσΞΛՄࢹԽͯ͠ɺݕূ͠վળ͢Δ͏͑Ͱ໾ʹཱͭߟ͑ํͷҰͭɻͦͷத͔Βɺί
ετ΍ऩӹɺ΄΅֬ఆ͍ͯ͠Δྲྀ௨νϟϯωϧͳͲΛল͖ͳ͕ΒԼهʹݶఆ͢Δͱࠓճ͸ධՁ߲໨ͱ
ͯ͠ར༻͠΍͍͢ɻ
1. ސ٬ͷ՝୊
2. ސ٬ηάϝϯτ
3. Ձ஋
4. ιϦϡʔγϣϯ
5. ༏Ґੑ
ʮϦʔϯΩϟϯόεʯ΍ͦͷલ਎Ͱ͋ΔʮϏδωϧϞσϧδΣωϨʔγϣϯϚοϓʯͰ͸ɺ͜ΕΒ
ΛؚΉ 9 ߲΄ͲΛϚτϦοΫεతͳදʹͯ͠Ծઆݕূ͠ෳ਺Ҋ͔Β༗ޮͳ΋ͷΛऔࣺબ୒͍ͯ͠Δɻ
ਤʹͤͣͱ΋͜ͷπʔϧ͸ػೳ͠ߟ͑ํͷπʔϧͱͯ͠·͞ʹʮ໰୊ղܾʯͷΞϓϩʔνͦͷ΋ͷͱ
ͯ͠ݟΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɻ
ਤ: Ωϟϯόεͷྫ
ڭҭࢧԉͷՁ஋ͱιϦϡʔγϣϯ
ࣗࣾίϯςϯπΛ౰ͯ͸Ίͯߏ૝͢Δͱ...
• ސ٬ͷ՝୊
–ʢ͍ͭʣͦͷ࣌఺ͷ࣍೥౓ɻ20 ೥౓͔ΒͷඞमԽʹ޲͚ʢظ೔໨ඪʣ
• ސ٬ηάϝϯτ
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• Ձ஋
– ະܦݧऀ͕ςΩετϓϩάϥϛϯάΛ͍͖ͳΓମݧͰ͖Δ
– ΤϯδχΞ͕ߨࢣʹདྷΔ
– ϢχʔΫͳڭࡐͰָ͠Έͳ͕ΒֶशͰ͖Δ
• ιϦϡʔγϣϯ
– ςΩετϓϩάϥϛϯάΛଧͪࠐΜͰࢼͤΔ
– ଧͪࠐ·ͳͯ͘΋ςΩετϓϩάϥϛϯάֶ͕΂Δ
– ϓϩάϥϛϯάͷυϦϧֶश͕Ͱ͖Δ
– ࡞඼੍࡞΍ڭՊ΁ͷԠ༻ʹΑͬͯϓϩάϥϛϯάࣗମ͕πʔϧʹͳΔ
• ༏Ґੑ
– ॳΊ͔ΒதֶΛϝΠϯλʔήοτʹ͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊҰఆͷద߹ੑ͕͋Δ
– ήʔϜͱαʔϏεͷձࣾΒָ͍͠͠·ͤํ͕͋Δ
– ֶशͷόϦΤʔγϣϯ΍δϟϯϧ෯͕ͱΕΔ
• ظݶ͕͋ΔதͰιϑτ΢ΣΞʹԿΛඋ͑ఏڙͰ͖Δ͔ͷج४͸...
– ϦʔϯελʔτΞοϓͷ MVPʢՁ஋ఏڙ࠷খ੡඼ʣΛ࣠ʹඞཁͳ΋ͷ͔Β࣌ؒͷݶΓʹ
࣮ݱ͢Δ
∗ Կ͕ MVP ͱͳΔ͔͸ 5W1H ΍ OKR ͷ্͔ΒԼ·Ͱͷͭͳ͕Γ͔Β͔ͭΉ
– UVPʢಠࣗͷՁ஋ఏҊʣ։ൃ͕࣮ݱͰ͖ͨ͜ͱͰ࣮֬ʹιϑτ΢ΣΞ͕ఏڙͰ͖Δཪ෇
͚ʹͳΔ
∗ पΓͷػೳ͸ͳΜͱͰ΋ͳΓɺ࠷௿Ͱ΋උ͑ͯͳͯ͘΋໨తࣗମ͸ୡ੒Ͱ͖Δ
ਖ਼͍͠ݕ౼ͷॱংͰߏ૝͢Δ
஫ҙ͓ͯ͘͠෦෼ͱͯ͠ʮιϦϡʔγϣϯʯͭ·Γ੡඼͕࣮ݱ͢ΔػೳΛ΋͔ͬͯͳ͑Δ෦෼͸ 9
߲໨ͷ͏ͪͷ 1 ͭͰ͔͠ͳ͘ɺ
ʮ੡඼ΞΠσΞʹറΒΕ͗͢Δͳʯͱ͍͏ϝοηʔδ͕ͦ͜ʹ͋Δͱ
͍͏͜ͱͩͦ͏ͩɻՁ஋΍ιϦϡʔγϣϯʹ͸ϦʔϯελʔτΞοϓͷ MVPʢՁ஋ఏڙ࠷খ੡඼ʣ
͔Β࣮ݱͯ͠ݕূ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ॏཁͰ͋Δͱड़΂ΒΕ͍ͯΔɻ·ͨ MVP ͷ৺ଁ෦ɺͭ·Γ UVPʢಠ
ࣗͷՁ஋ఏҊʣ͕ڝ߹༏Ґੑʹͭͳ͕ΓͦͷαʔϏεΛಛ௃͚ͮΔͱ͍͏ɻ
Ωϟϯόεʹ౰ͯ͸Ίͳ͕Βߏ૝ͱݕূΛߦ͖དྷ͢Ε͹ɺม͑Δ΂͖Օॴ͕ɺૌٻ͢ΔʮՁ஋ʯͦ
ͷ΋ͷͳͷ͔۩ݱԽ͢ΔʮιϦϡʔγϣϯʯͳͷ͔͕໌֬ʹ೺ѲͰ͖Δɻߟ͕͑ٴ͹ͣʹ͋Ε͜Εม
͍͑ͯΔͱ͖ͦΕ͸ʮιϦϡʔγϣϯʯͭ·Γ۩ମతͳखஈΛม͍͑ͯΔ͚ͩͰՁ஋͕มΘ͍ͬͯͳ
͍Մೳੑ͕͋ΔͩΖ͏ɻਖ਼͍͠ೝࣝͷʮ՝୊ʯͱʮސ٬ʯͷؒʹͦͷʮՁ஋ʯ͕ఆٛͰ͖͍ͯΔ͔ɺ
ݕ౼ͷॱং͸·ͨॏཁͳҙຯΛ࣋ͭɻ
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b. ໰୊ղܾΞϓϩʔνͱͯ͠ͷʮσβΠϯࢥߟʯ
σβΠϯࢥߟ͸໰୊ղܾͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͷҰͭͰɺ΋ͱ΋ͱσβΠφʔͰ༻͍ΒΕΔࢥߟ๏ͰԾ
આͱݕূʹΑͬͯݚຏ͍ͯ͘͠औΓ૊ΈํʹϏδωεͷ՝୊ղܾͱͷڞ௨఺͕͋Δɻࢥߟͷํ๏͸࣍
ͷͱ͓Γɻ
• ڞɹײɹɹɹ ... ৘ใऩू΍ֶशɺϢʔβʔͱڞײ͢Δ
• ఆɹٛɹɹɹ ... Ϣʔβʔͷؾ࣋ͪͰ໰୊ʹؾ෇͘ɺ෼ੳ͠໰୊ఆٛ͢Δ
• ૑ɹ଄ɹɹɹ ... ໰୊ΛղܾͰ͖ΔΞΠσΞΛ͍͔ͭ͘૑଄͠ڍ͛Δ
• ϓϩτλΠϓ ... ΞΠσΞ͕࣮ࡍʹࢼͤΔΑ͏ʹࢼ࡞͢Δ
• ςετɹɹɹ ... ࢼ࡞ͨ͠੡඼Λ࣮ࡍʹςετ͠ධՁ͢Δ
੡඼։ൃͷϑΣʔζ͕σβΠϯࢥߟΛదԠ͠΍͍͢ɻڭࡐιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃ࣌ʹ͜ͷࢥߟΛ౰ͯ͸
ΊͨྫΛڍ͛Δɻ
• ڞײ
– ίϯϐϡʔλૢ࡞ͦͷ΋ͷ΋ॳ৺ऀֶ͕ͩशͷຊ࣭Ͱ͸ͳ͘ϓϩάϥϛϯάΛֶͼ͍ͨ
• ఆٛ
– ॳ৺ऀͳͷͰΩʔϘʔυೖྗͳΜͯͯͨ͠Β೔͕฻Εͯ͠·͏͠໘౗ʹͳΔ
• ૑଄
– จࣈೖྗΛͤͣೖྗ͢ΔԿΒ͔ͷػೳ͕͋Ε͹ମݧͱֶशʹूதͰ͖Δ
• ϓϩτλΠϓ
– ίʔυૠೖϘλϯͷ࡞੒
• ςετ
– ݕূͰλΠϐϯάෆಘखͰ΋ίʔυૠೖػೳͰετϨεͳ͘΍Γ͖Εͨʢߠఆʣ
– ߦͱΠϯσϯτ΍ϒϩοΫʹ͍ͭͯͷཧղෆ଍ʹΑΓೖྗϛε͕ى͜Δʢվળʣ
͜ͷݕূͱͦͷޙͷ࣮ݱʹΑͬͯதֶ 1 ೥ͳͲλΠϐϯάෆಘखͷֶੜ΁͸΋ͪΖΜͷ͜ͱখֶੜ
Ͱ͋ͬͯ΋ར༻Ͱ͖Δɻґཔऀ͔Β΋খֶߍͰͷར༻Λͯ͠΋Α͍Μ͡Όͳ͍͔ͱظ଴͕͕͋ͬͨɺ
ݱ࣌఺Ͱ͸খֶੜ΁ͷࢦಋͦͷ΋ͷͷ೉͕͋͠͞ΔͨΊԕྀ͍ͯ͠Δঢ়گͰ͋Δɻͳ͓զ͕Ոͷখ 1
ʢ౰࣌ʣͷ່͕ͳΜͱ͔ΫϦΞ͍ͯͨ͠ɻ
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ਤ: ϓϩάϥϛϯάମݧߨ࠲
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c. ৽͍͠ΞϓϩʔνʮετʔϦʔࢥߟʯͰ੾Γ։͘
ͦ͏͜͏ΞϓϩʔνΛߟ͑ͳ͕ΒऔΓ૊ΜͰ͍Δ͏ͪ໰୊ղܾͷاըͱ࿩ͷ௨͠ํʹ΋ίπ͕͔ͭ
Ίͯ͘Δɻ͓·͚ͱͯۙ͠گͰࢲ͕࣮ફ͍ͯ͠Δߟ͑ํͷҰͭʮετʔϦʔࢥߟʯͳΔ΋ͷΛ঺հ͠
͓͖͍ͯͨɻࢥߟ͸ΦϦδφϧͰ͋Γݺশ͸͜͜Ͱͷղઆ༻ʹ෇͚͍ͯΔ͚ͩͰ࿦จ͕͋Δ΋ͷͰ͸
ͳ͍͕ɺ༗ޮͳہ໘͕͔ͳΓଟ͋͘Δͱߟ͍͑ͯΔɻ
• ސ٬ͷཧ૝ΛݟΔ
– ސ٬ͷ੠Λฉ͖৘ใΛऩू࣮͠ݱ͍ͨ͠ͶΒ͍ͱͦͷഎܠΛݟΔ
∗ʢ࣮ྫʣ์՝ޙֶशΑΓٕज़Պͷतۀࢧԉ͕ཉ͍͠ɺΑΓೝ஌ͷ͋ΔݴޠΛֶ͹ͤͨ
͍ɺPTA ͷҙݟ΋ټΈ͍ͨɺཧ਺ڭҭͰઌߦ͍ͨ͠ɺઐ໳ڭ་͕গͳ͘ରԠͰ͖ͳ͍
• ϓϩοτΛ࡞Δ
– ےಓʹ߅͑ͳ͍τϐοΫͱΩʔϫʔυͰετʔϦʔΛଧཱͪͯΔ
∗ʢ࣮ྫʣٕज़Պ৘ใͱͯ͠ɾߴߍͰ͞Βʹߴ౓Խ͢Δ৘ใֶशʹඋ͑ͯɾ৬ۀʹͰ͖
ͯ͜Ε͔Βֶͼ͍ͨςΩετϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠ No1 ͷ Python ݴޠΛɾ४උͱૢ
࡞ͷख͕͔͔ؒΒͳ͍ΦϦδφϧΞϓϦΛ͔ͭͬͯɾઐ໳ߨࢣ͔Βख୹ʹڭΘΓɾϓ
ϩάϥϛϯάͰ࡞඼੍࡞͕Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ·Ͱͷઌߦֶͨ͠शΛɾਪਐֶ͍ͨ͠ߍ
ͷڭ་ʹΈ͍͍ͯͨͩͯतۀઃܭ࣮͠ࢪ͢Δͱɾٕज़Պڭ་͕औΓ૊Μͩ΋ͷͰ࣮ࢪ
ྫ͕͋ΔͨΊ۠಺શߍ΁ͷల։͕ಉ೥଎΍͔ʹͰ͖Δɻ
• ੣࣮ʹ GIVE ͢Δ
–ʮGIVEʯ͸ॻ੶ʮGIVE ˍ TAKEʯʹ΋ొ৔͢ΔߦಈಛੑͰଞऀ΁༩͑ΔߦಈΛࣔ͢
– ϓϩοτҎ্ͷڻ͖Λ༩͑Δ࡞඼ʢ੡඼ʣΛ੣࣮ʹࣔ͠ސ٬΁ GIVE Λି͚ͭ͠ Funʢຯ
ํʣʹม͑Δ
∗ʢ࣮ྫʣεέδϡʔϧతʹΏͱΓΛ࣋ͬͯܦաͷ಺༰Λ։ࣔͯ͠ɺ֬ೝऀ͸໔Ӹ͕ͳ
͍Ώ͑ιϑτ΢ΣΞෆ۩߹͸θϩͰ͋Γଓ͚ɺ͔Ώ͍ͱ͜Ζʹख͕ಧ͖؆୯͕͞ࡍཱ
ͭΑ͏ʹ͠ɺࢹ֮తʹڻ͖͕͋ΔίϯςϯπΛؚΈɺ੡඼ͱ಺༰ͷઐ໳ՈͰ͋Δ͜ͱ
Λࣔ͠ɺސ٬ͷݸਓతͳ஌త޷ح৺ʹ͔͑ͬ͞͠Γ޲͖߹͏ɻ
• ஄Έंʹ৐Δ
–ʮ஄Έंʯ͸ॻ੶ʮϏδϣφϦʔΧϯύχʔʯʹ΋ొ৔͢Δ
– ࢿݯͱ࣌ؒ͸༗ݶͳͷͰߦಈ͸ඞͣೋ࣍ࡾ࣍ར༻Λલఏʹաڈͱະདྷʹͭͳ͛Δετʔ
ϦʔΛඳ͘
– ෳ਺ͷސ٬ͷ໰୊ղܾΛ 1 ΞΫγϣϯͰຬͨͦ͠ͷઐ໳ՈʹͳΔ
∗ʢ࣮ྫʣ
ʮֶशΠϕϯτʯͰಋೖͨ͠ϏΪφʔ޲͚ςΩετϓϩάϥϛϯάମݧιϑτ
ʢLua ݴޠʣΛస༻͠ʮٕज़Պʯͷ Python ֶशʹਐԽɻͦͷޙ੡඼ͱΧϦΩϡϥϜ
͸స༻͠ʮ෦׆ʯͷΑΓߴ౓ͳ࣮ફʹ΋׆͔͓ͤͯΓ૬৐ޮՌͰ΋ͱ΋ͱͷίϯςϯ
πͱͱ΋ʹൃలͨ͠ɻࠓޙ͞Βʹผतۀͷ஫໨ίϯςϯπʹస༻͠׆͔͢΂͘४උ͠
͍ͯΔɻ
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ਤ: Python ֶशը໘
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ୈ 5 ষ ֶߍఏڙιϑτ΢ΣΞͰ໰୊ղܾ 5.8 ࠷ޙʹ
5.8 ࠷ޙʹ
ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ΍πʔϧ͸ڍ͛ͨҎ֎΋ͨ͘͞Μ͋Δ͕ɺࠓճͷ΋ͷ͚ͩͰ΋ଟ͘ײ͡ɺͳ͓͔ͭ
ؔ࿈͢ΔͲ͏͠͸ͲΕ΋ڞ௨఺͕͋Δɻ΋͸΍Ұॹʹࢥ͖͑ͯͨͷ͸͖ͬͱࢲ͚ͩͰ͸ͳ͍͕ɺٯʹ
ͦ͏͍͏΋ͷͩͱࢥ͍ͬͯΔɻ఻͍͑ͨͷ͸ɺ͜ΕΒΛ͍͘Β஌͍ͬͯͯ΋ɺීஈ͔Βࣗવʹ׆༻Ͱ
͖͍ͯΔࢥߟ͕਎ʹ͍͍ͭͯͳ͚Ε͹ҙຯ͸ͳ͍ɻϓϨΠϠʔʢݱ৔ʣ͸ࣗ෼ͷྖҬͰ࠷େݶ׆༂͠
ࣗݾ࣮ݱͨ͘͠ͳΔͷ͸ੑʢ͕͞ʣͰ͋ΓͦΕ͸߅͑ͳ͍ɻ௕͘ଟ͘ͷΤωϧΪʔΛ஫͍Ͱ͜ͱʹऔ
Γ૊Ήͱ͖ɺͦͷʮιϦϡʔγϣϯʯͷपΓΛΑ͘ݟఆΊΔ͜ͱ͕େ੾Ͱ͋Γ͢΂ͯͷࢿݯ͸༗ݶͳ
ͷͩɻޘָ΋ɺੜ׆΋ɺڭҭ΋ɺ໰୊ͱղܾͷ͍ͣΕ͔ͷதʹ͋Δɻͦ͜ʹ͸ɺ໰୊ղܾʹࢸΒ͠Ί
Δ࿦ཧతͳશମܭը͸͋Δͷ͔ɺͦͷιϦϡʔγϣϯ͸ MVP ͔ͦΕҎ֎͔ɺ՝୊ͱސ٬Ձ஋·ͨ͸
໰୊ఆٛͱԾઆઃఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͔ɺͦͷԾઆ͸ݕূͰ͖͍ͯΔͷ͔ʔɻ
Appendix
ᶗ. ՝୊ղܾܕֶशʙPBLʢProject-Based-Leaningʣ
ষ຤ʹɺ໰୊ղܾʹྨࣅؔ͠࿈ͨ͠ςʔϚͰ͋Δʮ՝୊ղܾܕֶशʯ
*3ͱ͍͏ֶशख๏͕ڭҭքͰ
೐Θ͍ͬͯΔͨΊ঺հ͢Δɻӳޠදه͸ PBLʢProject-Based-Leaningʣͱݴ͍ۙ೥஫໨͞Εॏࢹ͞
Εͭͭ͋Δɻֶੜ͕ͨͪ՝୊Λղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷྗΛཆ͏ͨΊͷֶशํ๏ʹΑΓɺॊೈͳࢥߟྗ΍Ԡ༻
ྗΛ਎ʹ͚ͭ׆༂Ͱ͖Δਓ෺Λ͸͙͘Ήૂ͍͕͋Δɻֶੜ͕՝୊ΛࣗΒൃݟ͠ඞཁͳ͜ͱΛࣗΒֶͿ
͜ͱͰɺΧϦΩϡϥϜܕͷֶशʹൺ΂ΑΓॊೈͳࢥߟ͕਎ʹ͖ͭೳྗ͕৳͹ͤΔͱ͍͏΋ͷɻւ֎Ͱ
͸ΧϦΩϡϥϜͳ͘͢΂ͯ PBL ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔֶߍ΋͋Δͱ͍͏͕ɺࠃ಺Ͱ΋ڭՊΧϦΩϡϥϜͱ͸
ผʹฒߦͯ͠೥ؒΛ௨ͯ͠ܧଓతʹऔΓ૊ΜͰ͍Δֶߍͷࣄྫ΋͋ΔɻPBL Ͱ͸άϧʔϓϫʔΫͰ
औΓ૊ΈɺνʔϜ֎΁ͷൃද·Ͱ͕ඞؚͣ·ΕΔɻऔΓ૊Έํ๏͸ओʹ࣍ͷ௨Γɻ
• ৘ใऩू ... ओ୊ʹؔ࿈͢Δ৘ใΛऩू͢Δ
• ໰୊ൃݟ ... ໰୊఺Λݟग़͢
• Ծઆઃఆ ... ݪҼͱղܾํ๏ͷԾઆΛཱͯΔ
• ݕɹূɹ ... ԾઆΛݕূ͠༗ޮͳରࡦΛൃݟ͢Δ
• ൃɹදɹ ... ௐࠪͨ͠಺༰ͱ݁ՌΛൃද͢Δ
ᶘ. MIXI ͷॻ੶ߪೖࢧԉ
ΤϯδχΞͰ΋Ϗδωε৬Ͱ΋όοΫΦϑΟεͰ΋ɺϚʔέςΟϯάͱϏδωεͷجૅ஌ࣝ͸ಇ͘
ࣾձਓʹͱͬͯॏཁͳཁૉͩɻMIXI ͷࣾһʹ͸ɺձ͔ࣾΒ͋Γ͕͍ͨࢧԉ͕͋Γʮॻ੶ߪೖࢧԉʯ
੍౓ͳΔ΋ͷʹΑͬͯۀ຿΍ࣗݾֶशʹͭͳ͕Δॻ੶ͷߪೖͷඅ༻Λຖ݄ 5500 ԁʢ੫ࠐʣ·Ͱิॿ
ͯ͘͠ΕΔɻචऀ͸தݹॻ੶Λத৺ʹ೥ؒ 7~80 ࡭ۙ͘ࢧԉͯ͠΋Β͓ͬͯΓɺීஈͷંি΍اըʹ
௚઀ؐݩ͍ͯ͠Δɻॻ੶ߪೖࢧԉʹ͍ͭͯ͸Ұ౓͸Ξ΢τϓοτ͍ͨ͠ͱࢥ͍ͬͯͨɻ
*3 ʮ՝୊ղܾܕʯͷ΄͔ɺઃఆͷҧ͍ʹΑΓʮ໰୊ղܾܕʯ
ɺ
ʮ՝୊ୡ੒ܕʯͱ΋͍͏
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ୈ 6 ষ
BigQuery Ͱ GeoHash ʹΑΔߴ଎ͳ
ࢢ۠ொଜ൑ఆ
ຊߘͰ͸ɺҢ౓ɾܦ౓Ͱදݱ͞Εͨ࠲ඪ͕ɺͲͷ౎ಓ෎ݝɾࢢ۠ொଜʹଘࡏ͢Δͷ͔ɺBigQuery ্
Ͱ൑ఆ͢Δ͜ͱΛ໨తͱ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ௨ৗ͸ PostGIS ޓ׵ͷ GIS ؔ਺Ͱ͋Δ ST_CONTAINS ؔ਺*1
Λ༻͍·͕͢ɺҐஔ৘ใΛӳ਺ࣈͰදݱͨ͠ GeoHash Λ༻͍ͯ୯७ͳจࣈྻҰகͰ൑ఆ͠ɺߴ଎Խ
ΛਤΓ·͢ɻࠃ౔ަ௨লͷڥքσʔλΛऔಘɾ੔ܗͯ͠ BigQuery ʹऔΓࠐΈɺͲͷΑ͏ʹ GeoHash
දݱʹม׵͢Δ͔ΛɺຊߘͰ͸ओ୊ͱͯ͠ѻ͍·͢ɻ౎ಓ෎ݝɾࢢ۠ொଜʹݶΒͣɺڥքσʔλ͞
͑͋Ε͹ద༻ՄೳͰ͢ɻ1 ԯߦͷσʔλʹର͢Δ࣮ݧͰ͸ɺ௨ৗͷํ๏Ͱ͸ 1 ෼ఔ౓͔͔Δͱ͜Ζɺ
GeoHash Λ༻͍Δͱ໿ 98% ͷਫ਼౓Λอͪ਺ඵͰ׬ྃ͢Δ͜ͱΛࣔ͠·ͨ͠ɻ
GeoHash ͱࢢ۠ொଜͷରԠΛࣔ͢ςʔϒϧ͸ɺޙड़͢Δ query_1_3.sqlɺquery_2_3.sqlɺ
query_3_3.sql Λ݁߹͢ΔͱಘΒΕ·͢ɻ࣮ࡍͷ࢖͍ํ͸ʮGeoHash Λ༻͍ͨํ๏.sqlʯΛࢀߟʹ
ͯ͠Έ͍ͯͩ͘͞ɻ
6.1 ͸͡Ίʹ
εϚʔτϑΥϯͷීٴʹΑΓҐஔ৘ใͷऔಘ͕਎ۙʹͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻҐஔ৘ใΛऩू͢Δࡍɺଟ͘
ͷ৔߹͸Ң౓ͱܦ౓͕஝ੵ͞Ε·͕͢ɺΘ͔Γ΍͍͢΋ͷͰ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻೃછΈͷ͋Δʮ౎ಓ෎
ݝɾࢢ۠ொଜʯ͝ͱʹେࡶ೺ʹͰ΋೺ѲͰ͖Ε͹ɺͱࢥͬͨ͜ͱ͕ଟ͍ͷͰ͸ͳ͍ͷͰ͠ΐ͏͔ɻຊ
ߘͰ঺հ͢Δख๏͸ɺBigQuery ʹ஝ੵ͞Εͨେྔͷσʔλʹରͯ͠ɺ͋Δఔ౓ͷਫ਼౓Ͱߴ଎ʹࢢ۠
ொଜ͝ͱͷ෼ྨΛࢼΈΔͨΊͷख๏Ͱ͢ɻ
ຊઅͰ͸ɺجຊతͳ஌ࣝʹ͍ͭͯղઆ͠·͢ɻ
*1 BigQuery ஍ ཧ ؔ ਺ ͷ Ϧ ϑ Ν Ϩ ϯ ε: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-
sql/geography_functions?hl=ja#st_contains
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ୈ 6 ষ BigQuery Ͱ GeoHash ʹΑΔߴ଎ͳࢢ۠ொଜ൑ఆ 6.1 ͸͡Ίʹ
δΦίʔσΟϯάͱ͸
δΦίʔσΟϯάͱ͸ɺ
ʮ౦ژ౎ौ୩۠ 2 ஸ໨ 24-12ʯͷΑ͏ͳॅॴΛ஍ཧ࠲ඪʢҢ౓ܦ౓ͳͲʣʹ
ม׵͢Δ͜ͱΛࢦ͠·͢ɻҢ౓ܦ౓͚ͩͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ͞·͟·ͳද͠ํ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ·ͨɺҢ౓ܦ౓ͷ
Α͏ͳҰ఺Λද͢͜ͱ΋͋Ε͹ɺ௕ํܗͳͲͷྖҬΛද͢͜ͱ΋͋Γ·͢ɻ
ද 6.1: ͍Ζ͍ΖͳδΦίʔσΟϯά
छྨ ༻ྫ
ौ୩εΫϥϯϒϧεΫΤΞ
ʢ1m ఔ౓ͷਫ਼౓ʣ
ौ୩εΫϥϯϒϧεΫΤΞ
ʢ1km ఔ౓ͷਫ਼౓ʣ
Ң౓ɾܦ౓ Ұൠʹ޿͘༻͍ΒΕΔ 35.65840 N,139.70219 E 35.65 N,139.70 E
GeoHash ଟ͘ͷ Web αʔϏεͳͲ xn76g52j0z xn76g5
MGRS ཮্ࣗӴୂͳͲ 54SUE8252546836 54SUE8246
஍Ҭϝογϡ ੓෎౷ܭͳͲ 5339-3596-1-1-2(125m ਫ਼౓) 5339-3596
PlusCode*2 Google Maps ͳͲ 8Q7XMP52+9V82 8Q7XMP52+(300m ਫ਼౓)
QuadKey Azure ͳͲ 133002112303102222000001 13300211230310
S2 ϙέϞϯ Go ͳͲ 6924437637984796672 6924437654335389696
GeoHex υϥΫΤ΢ΥʔΫͳͲ XM488542752402 XM4885427
GeoHash
GeoHash ͸Ң౓ɾܦ౓Λ Base32 Ͱදݱͨ͠δΦίʔσΟϯάͰ͢ɻgeohash.org ͱ͍͏ Web
αʔϏεͰߟҊ͞ΕɺύϒϦοΫυϝΠϯͱͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻGeoHash ͸Ң౓ͱܦ౓ͷϏοτΛަޓ
ʹ഑ஔͯ͠Τϯίʔυ͠·͢ɻͦͷͨΊɺ୯७ʹ຤ඌΛ࡟Δ͚ͩͰਫ਼౓͕མͪΔੑ࣭͕͋Γ·͢ɻ·
ͨɺGeoHash ͸఺Ͱ͸ͳ͘ྖҬΛදݱ͠·͢ɻ
1 จࣈͷ GeoHash Ͱ͸஍ٿن໛Ͱͷେࡶ೺ͳൣғ͔͠දݱͰ͖·ͤΜɻ2 จࣈͷ GeoHash Ͱ͸
ࠃϨϕϧɺ3 จࣈͷ GeoHash Ͱ͍͍ͩͨ౎ಓ෎ݝϨϕϧͷൣғΛදݱͰ͖·͢ɻ௚ײతͳཧղΛ͢
Δʹ͸ GeoHash Explorer*3͕͓͢͢ΊͰ͢ɻ
*2 PlusCode ͸ Open Location Code ʹΑΓੜ੒͞ΕΔ
*3 https://geohash.softeng.co/
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ਤ 6.1: 1 จࣈͷ GeoHash
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64

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GeoHash ͷΤϯίʔυ
͍͍ͨͯ͸طଘͷϥΠϒϥϦΛ࢖͏ͱࢥ͍·͕͢ɺҢ౓ܦ౓͔Β GeoHash ΁ͷม׵͸࣍ͷΑ͏ʹ
ߦ͍·͢ɻौ୩εΫϥϯϒϧεΫΤΞͷ͋Δʮ๺Ң 35.65840 ౓ɺ౦ܦ 139.70219 ౓ʯͷม׵Λ௨͠
ͯઆ໌͠·͢ɻ·ͣɺҢ౓͸ʮೆҢ 90 ౓ˠ๺Ң 90 ౓ʯ
ɺܦ౓͸ʮ੢ܦ 180 ౓ˠ౦ܦ 180 ౓ʯΛʮ0
ˠ 1ʯʹม׵͠·͢ɻҢ౓ΛПɺܦ౓ΛЕͱ͢Δͱ࣍ͷΑ͏ͳࣜʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
ϕ′ = (ϕ + 90)/180
λ′ = (λ + 180)/360
͜ΕΛ࣮ࡍʹ౰ͯ͸ΊΔͱ࣍ͷΑ͏ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
(35.65840 + 90)/180 = 0.69810222222...
(139.70219 + 180)/360 = 0.88806163888...
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࣍ʹɺ͜ΕΒΛ 2 ਐ਺ʹม׵͠·͢ɻখ਺ͷ 2 ਐ਺දه͕؆୯ʹಘΒΕͳ͍؀ڥͰ͸ɺඞཁͳܻ
਺͚ͩϏοτγϑτΛͨ͠ΓɺϧʔϓΛճ͢ͱྑ͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏ɻJavaScript Ͱ͸ 0.768.toString(2)
ͳͲͱॻ͘ͱ؆୯ʹ 2 ਐ਺දه͕ಘΒΕ·͢ɻ
લड़ͷ࠲ඪ͸ 2 ਐ਺Ͱදه͢Δͱ࣍ͷΑ͏ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
Ң౓: 0.69810222222... ˠ 0.1011001010110110110100111100010110110101100110010011...
ܦ౓: 0.88806163888... ˠ 0.1110001101011000000000011110111111011100001001001111...
͜ΕΒͷখ਺఺ҎԼΛަޓʹฒ΂͍͖ͯ·͢ɻ2 ਐ਺ͷখ਺఺ҎԼΛ্Ґͷܻ͔Βॱʹɺܦ౓͸ح
਺ྻɺҢ౓͸ۮ਺ྻͱ͍ͬͨ۩߹ʹɺަޓʹฒ΂͍͖ͯ·͢ɻ
Ң౓ ˠ .1.0.1.1.0.0.1.0.1.0.1.1.0.1.1.0.1.1.0.1.0.0.1.1.1
ܦ౓ ˠ 1.1.1.0.0.0.1.1.0.1.0.1.1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1.1.
--------------------------------------------------
߹੒ ˠ 11101101000011100110011110010100010100010000011111
࠷ޙʹ͜ͷόΠφϦྻΛ BASE32 ม׵͠·͢ɻઌ಄͔Β 5 Ϗοτͣͭ۠੾Γɺද 6.2 ʹΑͬͯม
׵͠·͢ɻ
ද 6.2: BASE32 ม׵ද
2 ਐ਺ BASE32 2 ਐ਺ BASE32 2 ਐ਺ BASE32 2 ਐ਺ BASE32
00000 0 01000 8 10000 h 11000 s
00001 1 01001 9 10001 j 11001 t
00010 2 01010 b 10010 k 11010 u
00011 3 01011 c 10011 m 11011 v
00100 4 01100 d 10100 n 11100 w
00101 5 01101 e 10101 p 11101 x
00110 6 01110 f 10110 q 11110 y
00111 7 01111 g 10111 r 11111 z
͖͞΄ͲಘΒΕͨόΠφϦྻ 11101101000011100110011110010100010100010000011111 ΋ 5
Ϗοτͣͭ۠੾Γɺද 6.3 ͷΑ͏ʹม׵Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
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ୈ6ষ BigQueryͰGeoHashʹΑΔߴ଎ͳࢢ۠ொଜ൑ఆ 6.2 ڥքσʔλͷऔΓࠐΈ
ද 6.3: BASE32 ม׵݁Ռ
2 ਐ਺ BASE32
11101 x
10100 n
00111 7
00110 6
01111 g
00101 5
00010 2
10001 j
00000 0
11111 z
ʮxn76g52j0zʯ͕ม׵݁ՌͰ͢ɻ͜ͷ GeoHash ͸ɺ๺Ң໿ 35.65839707 ౓ʙ35.65840244 ౓ɺ౦
ܦ໿ 139.70218062 ౓ʙ139.70219135 ౓ͷྖҬΛ͍ࣔͯ͠·͢ɻ
6.2 ڥքσʔλͷऔΓࠐΈ
ࠃ౔ަ௨লͷڥքσʔλΛऔಘɾ੔ܗͯ͠ BigQuery ʹऔΓࠐΈɺGeoHash දݱʹม׵͢Δʹ͋
ͨΓɺ࣍ͷखॱͰߦ͍·͢ɻ
1.ʢԼ४උʣࠃ౔ަ௨ল͔ΒڥքσʔλΛऔಘ͠ɺBigQuery ʹऔΓࠐΉɻ
2.ʢຊ୊ʣBigQuery ্Ͱࢢ۠ொଜͱڥքσʔλͷରԠΛ΋ͱʹɺGeoHash ͱࢢ۠ொଜͷରԠΛ
࡞੒͢Δɻ
ຊઅͰ͸ɺڥքσʔλΛ BigQuery ʹऔΓࠐΉͱ͜Ζ·Ͱղઆ͠·͢ɻGIS Ͱ༻͍ΒΕΔϕΫλ
σʔλ͸ɺϙΠϯτʢ఺ʣ
ɺϥΠϯʢઢʣ
ɺϙϦΰϯʢଟ֯ܗʣͷ 3 छྨ͕͋Γ·͢ɻࠓճ͸ڥքσʔ
λͰ͢ͷͰɺϙϦΰϯΛऔΓѻ͍·͢ɻ
ࢢ۠ொଜͷڥքσʔλͱͯ͠ɺࠃ౔ަ௨ল͕ެ։͍ͯ͠Δࠃ౔਺஋৘ใͷߦ੓۠ҬσʔλΛ༻͍·
͢*4ɻ͜ͷαΠτͰ͸΄͔ʹ΋தֶߍ۠ͳͲ͞·͟·ͳσʔλ͕ެ։͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻར༻ن໿͸ͦΕ
ͧΕʹ͓͍ͯ֬ೝΛ͓ئ͍͠·͢ɻ
μ΢ϯϩʔυͨ͠σʔλ͸ jq ίϚϯυ*5Ͱ GeoJSON ͔Β TSV ʹม׵͠ɺbq ίϚϯυ*6Ͱ
BigQuery ʹऔΓࠐΈ·͢ɻ
*4 ࠃ౔਺஋৘ใͷߦ੓۠Ҭσʔλ:ɹ https://nlftp.mlit.go.jp/ksj/gml/datalist/KsjTmplt-N03-v3_0.html
*5 jq ίϚϯυ: JSON Λ੔ܗ͢ΔͨΊͷπʔϧ https://stedolan.github.io/jq/
*6 bq ίϚϯυ: BigQuery Λૢ࡞͢ΔͨΊͷπʔϧ https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/bq-command-line-
tool?hl=ja
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ୈ 6 ষ BigQuery Ͱ GeoHash ʹΑΔߴ଎ͳࢢ۠ொଜ൑ఆ 6.2 ڥքσʔλͷऔΓࠐΈ
# σʔλΛμ΢ϯϩʔυʢ೔ຊશࠃͷ2021೥࣌఺ͷσʔλʣ
$ wget https://nlftp.mlit.go.jp/ksj/gml/data/N03/N03-2021/N03-20210101_GML.zip
# ZIPΛղౚ͢Δ
$ unzip N03-20210101_GML.zip
# GeoJSONΛTSVʹม׵͢Δʢ؀ڥʹΑΓ·͕͢1෼ఔ౓͔͔Γ·͢ʣ
$ jq -r ’.features
| to_entries
| map([
.key,
.value.properties.N03_001,
.value.geometry
| tostring
])[] | @tsv’ N03-20210101_GML/N03-21_210101.geojson > japan.geo.tsv
# BigQueryʹҰ୴औΓࠐΉ
$ bq load --source_format=CSV \
--field_delimiter=tab geo_dataset.japan_pre \
./japan.geo.tsv \
polygon_id:INT64,city_name_1:STRING,city_name_2:STRING,city_name_3:STRING,\
city_name_4:STRING,city_id:STRING,city_polygon:GEOGRAPHY
TSV Λ͍ͬͨΜͦͷ·· BigQuery ʹऔΓࠐΜͩޙɺBigQuery ্Ͱ੔ܗͯ͠औΓࠐΈ௚͠·͢ɻ
CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE geo_dataset.japan CLUSTER BY polygon_id AS
WITH pref_number AS (
SELECT DISTINCT city_name_1, LEFT(city_id, 2) || "000" pref_city_id
FROM geo_dataset.japan_pre
WHERE city_name_1 != "null" AND city_id != "null"
)
SELECT
polygon_id,
-- null͕จࣈྻͰऔΓࠐ·Ε͍ͯΔͨΊNULLʹ௚͓ͯ͘͠
NULLIF(city_name_1,"null") city_name_1,
CASE
WHEN city_id != "null" THEN city_id
WHEN city_name_1 != "null" THEN pref_city_id -- ॴଐະఆ஍
ELSE NULL
END city_id,
city_polygon
FROM geo_dataset.japan_pre
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ୈ 6 ষ BigQuery Ͱ GeoHash ʹΑΔߴ଎ͳࢢ۠ொଜ൑ఆ 6.3 GeoHash-ࢢ۠ொଜςʔϒϧ
LEFT JOIN pref_number USING (city_name_1)
࠷ऴతʹ࣍ͷΑ͏ͳςʔϒϧ͕ BigQuery ʹ࡞ΒΕ·͢ɻ
ද 6.4: ֤ࢢ۠ொଜͷڥքσʔλ
ྻ໊ ܕ ಺༰
polygon_id INT64 ֤ϙϦΰϯʹ෇༩͢Δ ID
city_name_1 STRING ౎ಓ෎ݝ
city_name_2 STRING ࢧிɾৼڵہ໊ʢ๺ւಓͷΈɾͦͷ΄͔ͷ৔߹͸ NULLʣ
city_name_3 STRING ܊ɾ੓ྩ౎ࢢ໊
city_name_4 STRING ࢢ۠ொଜ໊
city_id STRING ߦ੓۠Ҭίʔυɹ૯຿ল͕ઃఆ͍ͯ͠Δࢢ۠ொଜͷ੔਺ 5 ܻͷ ID
city_polygon GEOGRAPHY ڥքΛද͢ϙϦΰϯ
6.3 GeoHash-ࢢ۠ொଜςʔϒϧ
ຊߘͰ͸ GeoHash ΛΩʔͱͯ͠ɺͦͷൣғʹରԠ͢Δࢢ۠ொଜΛฦ͢ςʔϒϧΛ࡞੒͠·͢ɻ
GeoHash Ͱද͞ΕΔ௕ํܗ͕Ͳͷࢢ۠ொଜʹඃ͍ͬͯΔ͔Λߟ͑·͢ɻ
ʮxn5jeʯʹରͯ͠͸ɺ
ʮ౦ژ
౎େౡொʯ͕ฦͬͯ͘Ε͹Α͍Θ͚Ͱ͢ɻ͜ͷςʔϒϧΛ࡞Δʹ͸ɺ͢΂ͯͷ 5 ܻͷ GeoHash λΠ
ϧɺ
ʮ00000ʯ͔Βʮzzzzzʯͷ໿ 3355 ສݸʹରͯ͠ɺࢢ۠ொଜͷϙϦΰϯ໿ 12 ສݸʹڞ௨෦෼͕͋
Δ͔൑ఆΛߦ͑͹Α͍Θ͚Ͱ͕͢ɺ౰વ΋ͬͱޮ཰ͷྑ͍ํ๏͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
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ਤ 6.4: ҏ౾େౡ෇ۙͷ 5 ܻͷ GeoHash
೔ຊͷࠃ౔͸ GeoHashʮwv,wy,wu,ws,x5,xh,xj,xk,xn,xp,xr,z0,z2ʯͰ෴͍ਚͤ͘Δ͜ͱ͕஍ਤ͔
ΒΘ͔Γ·͢ɻͦΕͧΕͷࢢ۠ொଜͷϙϦΰϯ͕ɺ͜ͷ 2 จࣈͷ GeoHash ͷͲΕʢҰͭ΋͘͠͸ෳ
਺ʣʹؚ·ΕΔ͔Λ൑ఆ͠·͢ɻ͞ΒʹͦͷதͰಉ༷ͷ͜ͱΛɺ࠶ؼతʹ 3 จࣈɺ4 จࣈͱଓ͚͍ͯ
͚͹ɺޮ཰Α͘൑ఆ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
ຊߘͰ͸ɺ೔ຊશࠃͱ͍͏޿͍ൣғͱਫ਼౓ͷόϥϯεΛߟྀͯ͠ 7 จࣈͷ GeoHash Λ༻͍Δ͜ͱ
ͱ͠·͢ɻ7 จࣈͷ৔߹ɺ࠷ऴతʹ࡞੒͞ΕΔςʔϒϧͷαΠζ͸ 1.25GBɺϨίʔυ਺͸໿ 2069 ສ
ͱɺൺֱతऔΓѻ͍΍͍͢αΠζʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
GeoHash ʹࢢ۠ொଜؚ͕·Ε͍ͯΔ͔൑ఆ͢Δ
·ͣɺGeoHash ͷจࣈྻ͔ΒɺGeoHash ͷྖҬΛද͢ϙϦΰϯΛ࡞Δؔ਺Λ࡞Γ·͢ɻ
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query_1_3.sql
-- geohash_bboxؔ਺ͷࢠؔ਺
-- lจࣈͷGeoHash͸ɺܦ౓෯͸360 * 2^(-CEIL(l*2.5)), Ң౓෯͸180 * 2^(-FLOOR(l*2.5))ͱͳΔͷ
Ͱɺ
-- த৺఺͔Βͦͷ൒෼ΛՃݮ͢Ε͹bounding box͕Ͱ͖Δɻ
CREATE TEMP FUNCTION geohash_bbox_inner(p GEOGRAPHY, l INT64) AS (
STRUCT(
ST_X(p) - 180 * POW(2,-CEIL(l*2.5)),
ST_Y(p) - 90 * POW(2,-FLOOR(l*2.5)),
ST_X(p) + 180 * POW(2,-CEIL(l*2.5)),
ST_Y(p) + 90 * POW(2,-FLOOR(l*2.5))
)
);
-- GeoHashͷbounding boxΛऔಘɻST_GEOGPOINTFROMGEOHASHؔ਺ͰGeoHashͷத৺఺͕औಘͰ͖Δɻ
CREATE TEMP FUNCTION geohash2bbox(geohash STRING) AS (
geohash_bbox_inner(ST_GEOGPOINTFROMGEOHASH(geohash), LENGTH(geohash))
);
-- bboxΛϙϦΰϯԽ͢Δ
CREATE TEMP FUNCTION bbox2polygon(
bbox STRUCT
) AS (
ST_MAKEPOLYGON(ST_MAKELINE([
ST_GEOGPOINT(bbox.xmin, bbox.ymin),
ST_GEOGPOINT(bbox.xmin, bbox.ymax),
ST_GEOGPOINT(bbox.xmax, bbox.ymax),
ST_GEOGPOINT(bbox.xmax, bbox.ymin)
]))
);
ࣥච࣌఺ʢ2022 ೥ 8 ݄ʣͰ GeoHash ͱϙϦΰϯ͕ަࠩ͢Δʢڞ௨෦෼Λ΋ͭʣ͔൑ఆ͢Δؔ਺͸
BigQuery ʹ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻ͔͠͠ɺϙϦΰϯͱ఺ͷަࠩΛ൑ఆͰ͖Δ ST_INTERSECTS ؔ਺͸͋Δ
ͨΊɺͪ͜ΒΛ༻͍ͯ൑ఆ͠·͢ɻ্Ͱ࡞ͬͨ GeoHash ͷϙϦΰϯΛ࡞Δؔ਺Λ࢖͍͖ͬͯ·͢ɻ
2 จࣈͷ GeoHash ʹؚ·ΕΔࢢ۠ொଜͱࢢ۠ொଜຖͷϙϦΰϯ਺Λ֬ೝͯ͠Έ·͠ΐ͏ɻ
-- (Ϣʔβʔఆٛؔ਺ʹଓ͚ͯ)
WITH geohash_polygons AS (
SELECT
geohash,
bbox2polygon(geohash2bbox(geohash)) polygon
FROM UNNEST([
"wv","wy","wu","ws","x5","xh","xj","xk","xn","xp","xr","z0","z2"
]) AS geohash
)
SELECT
geohash_polygons.geohash,
city_name_1 || city_name_4 city_name,
COUNT(1) polygon_count
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FROM geo_dataset.japan as j
JOIN geohash_polygons ON ST_INTERSECTS(geohash_polygons.polygon, j.city_polygon)
GROUP BY 1,2
ORDER BY 1,2
LIMIT 5
ද 6.5 ͷΑ͏ʹฦ͖ͬͯ·ͨ͠ɻ͏·͘ಈ࡞͍ͯͦ͠͏Ͱ͢ɻͨͩ͜ͷ··Ͱ͸ɺ
ʮwsʯʹରͯ͠
ʮ༩ಹࠃொʯ
ʮੴ֞ࢢʯ
ʮ஛෋ொʯͷͲΕΛฦͤ͹Α͍ͷ͔෼͔Γ·ͤΜɻ࣮ࡍͷͱ͜Ζʮwsʯʹର͠
ͯ͸ͲΕ΋ਖ਼ղͰ͢ɻҢ౓ܦ౓Ͱදݱ͞ΕΔ࠲ඪʹରͯ͠ࢢ۠ொଜΛฦ͍ͨ͠ͱ͍͏ݩͷ໰୊ʹཱͪ
ฦΔͱɺGeoHash ͷܻ਺Λ૿΍͍ͯ͘͠ͱྑͦ͞͏Ͱ͢ɻͦΕͰ΋͍͋·͍ͳ෦෼͸࢒Γ·͢ͷͰɺ
࠷ޙʹॲཧ͠·͢ɻ
ද 6.5: ಈ࡞֬ೝͷԠ౴
geohash city_name polygon_count
ws ԭೄݝ༩ಹࠃொ 428
ws ԭೄݝੴ֞ࢢ 256
ws ԭೄݝ஛෋ொ 35
wu ԭೄݝ͏Δ·ࢢ 920
wu ԭೄݝ༩ಹݪொ 1
GeoHash ͷจࣈ਺Λ૿΍͍ͯ͘͠
2 จࣈͷ GeoHash ʹରͯ͠͸ɺ
࣍ͷΑ͏ʹ GeoHash ͱͦΕʹଐ͢ΔϙϦΰϯ ID ΛऔಘͰ͖·͢ɻ
WITH g AS (
SELECT geohash, bbox_polygon(geohash_bbox(geohash)) polygon
FROM UNNEST([
]) AS geohash
),
c2 AS (
SELECT g.geohash, polygon_id
LEFT JOIN g ON ST_INTERSECTS(g.polygon, j.city_polygon)
)
SELECT * FROM c2 ORDER BY 1,2 LIMIT 10
3 จࣈʹରԠ͢Δʹ͸͜ͷΑ͏ʹ͠·͢ɻ2 จࣈͷ GeoHash ʹશ௨ΓͷจࣈΛ຤ඌʹ௥Ճ͠ɺ3 จ
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ࣈͷ GeoHash Λ࡞Γ·͢ɻͦͷޙɺ3 จࣈͷ GeoHash ͱަࠩ͢ΔϙϦΰϯʹߜΓࠐΈ·͢ɻ
WITH g AS (
SELECT geohash, bbox_polygon(geohash_bbox(geohash)) polygon
FROM UNNEST([
]) AS geohash
),
c2 AS (
SELECT g.geohash, polygon_id
),
c3 as (
SELECT cp.geohash || last_letter AS geohash, j.polygon_id
FROM c2 AS cp, UNNEST(SPLIT("0123456789bcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxyz", "")) AS last_letter
JOIN geo_dataset.japan AS j USING (polygon_id)
WHERE
ST_INTERSECTS(
bbox_polygon(geohash_bbox(cp.geohash || last_letter )),
j.city_polygon
)
)
SELECT * FROM c3 ORDER BY 1,2 LIMIT 10
ಉ༷ʹςʔϒϧ໊ͷ਺ࣈΛม͑ͯίϐʔ&ϖʔετ͍͚ͯ͠͹จࣈ਺ΛͲΜͲΜ૿΍ͤ·͢ɻ7 จ
ࣈ·Ͱ૿΍͠ɺҰ࣌ςʔϒϧʹอଘ͠·͢ɻ7 จࣈͷ GeoHash ͷൣғ͸໿ 120m ʷ໿ 150m ͱͳΓ
·͢ɻ
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ਤ 6.5: 7 ܻͷ GeoHash άϦου
query_2_3.sql
CREATE TEMP TABLE c7 CLUSTER BY polygon_id, geohash AS
WITH g AS (
SELECT
geohash,
bbox_polygon(geohash_bbox(geohash)) polygon
FROM UNNEST([
]) AS geohash
),
c2 AS (
SELECT
g.geohash,
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polygon_id
),
c3 as (
SELECT
cp.geohash || last_letter AS geohash,
j.polygon_id
WHERE
ST_INTERSECTS(
j.city_polygon
)
),
c4 as (লུ),
c5 as (লུ),
c6 as (
SELECT
j.polygon_id
WHERE
ST_INTERSECTS(
j.city_polygon
)
),
c7 as (
SELECT
j.polygon_id,
city_id, city_name_1, city_name_2, city_name_3, city_name_4 -- ࠷ޙ͚ͩࢢ۠ொଜ໊ͷ৘ใ
ΛೖΕ͓ͯ͘
WHERE
ST_INTERSECTS(
j.city_polygon
)
)
SELECT * FROM c7;
ෳ਺ͷࢢ۠ொଜ͕ 1 ͭͷ GeoHash ʹؚ·ΕΔ৔߹
ෳ਺ͷࢢ۠ொଜ͕ 1 ͭͷ GeoHash ʹؚ·ΕΔ৔߹͸ɺҰ൪ؚ·ΕΔ໘ੵͷ޿͍ࢢ۠ொଜΛ࠾༻͢
ΔΑ͏ʹ͠·ͨ͠ɻͨͩਖ਼֬ʹܭࢉ͢Δʹ͸ɺަࠩ͢ΔྖҬΛܭࢉ͢Δ ST_INTERSECTION ؔ਺ͱɺ
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ͦͷ໘ੵΛܭࢉ͢Δ ST_AREA ؔ਺Λ૊Έ߹Θͤͯܭࢉ͠·͕͢ɺST_AREA ؔ਺͸ BigQuery Ͱ͸ͳ
͔ͥۃ୺ʹ͕͔͔࣌ؒΓ·͢ɻߴ଎ʹҰ൪޿͍ࢢ۠ொଜΛۙࣅ͢Δํ๏ͱͯ͠ɺ΋͏Ұจࣈ૿΍ͨ͠
8 จࣈͷ GeoHash ΛඞཁͳൣғͰͷΈ༻ҙ͠ɺࢢ۠ொଜؚ͕·Ε͍ͯΔ਺Ͱ໘ੵΛۙࣅ͢Δํ๏͕
ൺֱతߴ଎ʹಈ࡞͠·ͨ͠ɻ͋Δఔ౓ߦ਺ͷ͋Δ SQL ΫΤϦͰ͕͢ɺ1 ෼൒ఔ౓Ͱ׬ྃ͠·͢ɻ
query_3_3.sql
-- (Ұ࣌ςʔϒϧఆٛ c7ʹଓ͚ͯ)
CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE geo_dataset.japan_geohash7 cluster by geohash as
WITH
city_count_by_geohash AS ( -- 7ܻGeoHashʹؚ·ΕΔࢢ۠ொଜΛ਺͑Δ
SELECT
geohash,
COUNT(DISTINCT city_name_1 || city_name_4) city_count
FROM c7
GROUP BY 1
),
city_area_by_geohash AS ( -- 7ܻGeoHashʹෳ਺ͷࢢ۠ொଜΛؚΉ৔߹͸ɺ8ܻͰ͸͍ͭ͘ͷλΠϧΛऔ
ΕΔ͔਺͑Δ
SELECT
geohash, city_id, city_name_1, city_name_2, city_name_3, city_name_4,
COUNT(distinct c) cnt, -- 8ܻͷGeoHashͷ਺
ARRAY_AGG(distinct polygon_id) polygon_ids -- ࢢ۠ொଜͷϙϦΰϯͷҰཡ
FROM (
SELECT
cp.geohash, c, j.city_id, j.polygon_id,
cp.city_name_1, cp.city_name_2, cp.city_name_3, cp.city_name_4
FROM c7 AS cp, UNNEST(SPLIT("0123456789bcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxyz", "")) AS c
JOIN (SELECT geohash FROM city_count_by_geohash WHERE city_count >= 2) USING (geohash)
WHERE ST_INTERSECTS(bbox_polygon(geohash_bbox(cp.geohash||c )), j.city_polygon)
)
GROUP BY 1,2,3,4,5,6
)
-- ؚ·ΕΔࢢ۠ொଜ͕Ұͭͷ৔߹
SELECT
geohash, c7.city_id, city_name_1, city_name_2, city_name_3, city_name_4,
ARRAY_AGG(distinct polygon_id) polygon_ids,
ARRAY_AGG(distinct c7.city_id) city_ids
FROM c7
JOIN city_count_by_geohash USING (geohash)
WHERE city_count = 1
GROUP BY 1,2,3,4,5,6
UNION ALL
-- ؚ·ΕΔࢢ۠ொଜ͕2ͭҎ্ͷ৔߹
SELECT
geohash,
city_id,
city_name_1,
city_name_2,
city_name_3,
city_name_4,
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polygon_ids,
city_ids
FROM (
SELECT geohash, city_id, city_name_1, city_name_2, city_name_3, city_name_4
FROM city_area_by_geohash
-- Ұ൪਺ͷଟ͍ࢢ۠ொଜΛબͿɻಉ཰ͷ৔߹͸IDͷए͍ॱ
QUALIFY ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY geohash ORDER BY cnt DESC, city_id) = 1
)
JOIN( -- Ͳͷࢢ۠ொଜΛؚΉ͔
SELECT
geohash,
ARRAY_CONCAT_AGG(polygon_ids) polygon_ids,
ARRAY_AGG(city_id) city_ids
FROM city_area_by_geohash
GROUP BY 1
) USING (geohash)
͜ͷΑ͏ʹੜ੒ͨ͠ 7 ܻͷ GeoHash ʹΑΔڥքʢࠇઢʣͱ࣮ࡍͷڥքʢ੺ઢʣΛॏͶΔͱਤ 6.6
ͷΑ͏ʹͳΓ·͢ɻਫ਼౓Λ GeoHash ʹΑΔਪఆ͕ਖ਼͘͠ڥք಺Ͱ͋Δׂ߹ͱఆٛ͢Δͱɺࢢ۠ொଜ
ͷ໘ੵ͕޿͍஍ҬͰ͸ඞવతʹߴ͘ͳΓɺւԊ͍ͷ஍ҬͰ͸௿͘ͳΓ·͢ɻ౦ژ౎ଟຎ஍ҬͰ͸ 96
ʙ99 ˋఔ౓ɺ೔ຊશମͷฏۉ͸໿ 98.6 ˋʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɻ
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ਤ 6.6: ौ୩۠෇ۙͷ GeoHash ʹΑΔ۠ڥ
˙ίϥϜ: GIS ιϑτΛ༻͍ͨ஍ਤͷ࡞੒
ຊষͰ͸͍͔ͭ͘ͷ஍ਤΛࢀߟը૾ͱͯ͠ૠೖ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ͜ΕΒ͸ QGIS ͱ͍͏ϑϦʔͷ
GIS ιϑτͰ࡞੒͍ͯ͠·͢ɻBigQuery Ͱ஍ཧ৘ใΛදݱ͢Δ GEOGRAPHY ܕΛ CSV ͳ
ͲͰग़ྗ͢ΔͱɺWell-known text(WKT) ܗࣜͰग़ྗ͞Ε·͢ɻ
BigQuery Ͱूܭͨ݁͠ՌΛ CSV Ͱग़ྗ͠ QGIS ʹऔΓࠐΉ͜ͱͰɺਤ 6.6 ͳͲ͸࡞੒ͯ͠
͍·͢ɻ·ͨ WKT ܗࣜ͸୯७ͳςΩετͰ͢ͷͰɺϧʔϓΛճͯ͠ॎઢͱԣઢΛ WKT Ͱه
ड़͠ɺਤ 6.3 ͳͲ͸࡞੒͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ
·ͨɺഎܠͷ஍ਤλΠϧ͸ OpenStreetMap*7Λ༻͍͍ͯ·͢ɻ
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ୈ 6 ষ BigQuery Ͱ GeoHash ʹΑΔߴ଎ͳࢢ۠ொଜ൑ఆ 6.4 ύϑΥʔϚϯεଌఆ
6.4 ύϑΥʔϚϯεଌఆ
Ң౓ɾܦ౓Ͱදݱ͞Εͨ࠲ඪ͕ɺͲͷ౎ಓ෎ݝɾࢢ۠ொଜʹଘࡏ͢Δͷ͔ɺBigQuery ্Ͱ൑ఆ͢
Δ͜ͱʹཱͪ໭Γ·͢ɻ
௨ৗ͸ɺϙϦΰϯʹରͯ͠ ST_CONTAINS ؔ਺Λ༻͍ͨ಺෦൑ఆΛߦ͍ɺ͜͏͍ͬͨ൑ఆΛߦ͍·
͢ɻGeoHash Λ༻͍Δͱɺਫ਼౓Λएׯ٘ਜ਼ʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰύϑΥʔϚϯε͕ྑ͘ͳΓ·͢ɻ
೔ຊࠃ಺ͷ࠲ඪΛҰ༷ʹϥϯμϜʹੜ੒͠ɺύϑΥʔϚϯεܭଌΛߦ͍·͢ɻ࣍ͷΑ͏ͳूܭΛ
ߦ͍ɺ࣮ߦ࣌ؒͱεϩοτফඅ࣌ؒΛൺֱ͠·͢ɻද 6.6 ʹࣔͨ݁͠Ռ͸ 3 ճͷࢼߦͷதԝ஋Ͱ͢ɻ
100 ສߦ·Ͱ͸͋·ΓύϑΥʔϚϯεʹ͕ࠩ͋Γ·ͤΜ͕ɺ1000 ສߦҎ্Ͱ͸໌Β͔ͳ͕ࠩੜ·Ε
·ͨ͠ɻ
BigQuery ͷ࣮ߦ࣌ؒ͸࣮ࡍʹֻ͔ͬͨ࣌ؒͰ͢ɻεϩοτফඅ࣌ؒ͸ʮফඅͨ͠εϩοτ਺ʷ࣌
ؒʯͰ͢ɻσϑΥϧτͷΦϯσϚϯυྉۚϞσϧͷ৔߹͸ BigQuery ͷΫΤϦͷ࣮ߦྉۚ͸σʔλε
Ωϟϯྔʹൺྫ͢ΔͨΊɺεϩοτΛେྔʹ࢖ͬͨͱ͜ΖͰྉۚͷ৺഑͸͋Γ·ͤΜ͕ɺϓϩδΣΫ
τ͋ͨΓͷεϩοτͷׂΓ౰ͯ͸ܾ·͍ͬͯ·͢ɻεϩοτΛେྔʹফඅ͢ΔΫΤϦΛ͍ͭ͘΋ฒྻ
Ͱ࣮ߦ͢Δͱ஗͘ͳΓ·͢ɻ
GeoHash Λ༻͍ͨํ๏.sql
SELECT city_name_1, city_name_2, city_name_3, city_name_4, COUNT(1) c
FROM geo_dataset.japan_random_places
JOIN geo_dataset.geohash g ON ST_GEOHASH(ST_GEOGPOINT(lng, lat), 7) = g.geohash
WHERE id BETWEEN 1 AND 4000000000
GROUP BY 1,2,3,4 ORDER BY 5 DESC;
௨ৗͷํ๏.sql
SELECT city_name_1, city_name_2, city_name_3, city_name_4, COUNT(1) c
FROM geo_dataset.japan_random_places
JOIN geo_dataset.japan j ON ST_CONTAINS(j.city_polygon, ST_GEOGPOINT(lng,lat))
WHERE id BETWEEN 1 AND 4000000000
GROUP BY 1,2,3,4 ORDER BY 5 DESC;
*8 OpenStreetMap ϥΠηϯε: https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright/ja
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ୈ 6 ষ BigQuery Ͱ GeoHash ʹΑΔߴ଎ͳࢢ۠ொଜ൑ఆ 6.5 ͓ΘΓʹ
ද 6.6: ࢢ۠ொଜ͝ͱͷ݅਺Λ਺͑ͨ৔߹ͷ࣮ߦ࣌ؒʢׅހ͸εϩοτফඅ࣌ؒʣ
ର৅ͷߦ਺ GeoHash ST_CONTAINS
10 ສߦ 1s ະຬ (1s) 3s(5s)
100 ສߦ 3s(10s) 14s(17s)
1000 ສߦ 1s(38s) 1m5s(36m)
1 ԯߦ 2s(3m12s) 1m9s(2h10m)
5 ԯߦ 6s(16m) 1m33s(9h30m)
10 ԯߦ 14s(43m) 1m50s(20h10m)
40 ԯߦ 9s(4h21m) 4m29s(3d18h)
6.5 ͓ΘΓʹ
BigQuery ্Ͱ GeoHash Λ༻͍ͯ఺͕ڥք಺ʹଘࡏ͢Δ͔Ͳ͏͔ͷ൑ఆΛɺେྔͷσʔλʹର͠
ͯߴ଎ʹߦ͏ํ๏Λࣔ͠·ͨ͠ɻࢢ۠ொଜҎ֎ͷσʔλʹରͯ͠΋ద༻Ͱ͖·͕͢ɺൣғͱඞཁͳਫ਼
౓ʹԠͯ͡ GeoHash ͷܻ਺Λదٓௐઅ͢Δͱྑ͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏ɻ
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ୈ 7 ষ
Android ͷಈը࠶ੜΞϓϦͷ࡞Γํ
2022
Android Λ౥ࡌ͢ΔσόΠεͷܗଶ͸ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜͷਐԽͱͱ΋ʹଟ༷Խ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻۙ೥
Ͱ͸ɺෳ਺ͷը໘Λ౥ࡌ͢ΔંΓͨͨΈࣜσόΠε΍ Chromebook ͷΑ͏ͳେը໘σόΠεͳͲʹ
࠷దԽ͞Εͨ UX Λఏڙ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ߴ඼࣭ͳΞϓϦͷࢦඪͷҰͭͱͳ͍ͬͯ·͢*1ɻ
͜ͷΑ͏ͳσόΠεͷଟ༷Խͱͱ΋ʹɺಈը࠶ੜΞϓϦΛ։ൃ͢ΔࡍͷϕετϓϥΫςΟε͸ࠁʑ
ͱมԽ͖ͯ͠·ͨ͠ɻ
ฐ͕ࣾఏڙ͍ͯ͠ΔΧϥΦέಈըίϛϡχςΟʮKARASTAʯ
*2Ͱ͸ɺϢʔβʔ͕౤ߘͨ͠ಈը΍
ϥΠϒ഑৴Λշదʹࢹௌ͢ΔͨΊͷ඼࣭޲্ʹ஫ྗ͖ͯ͠·ͨ͠ɻຊষͰ͸ɺ2022 ೥ʹಈը࠶ੜΞ
ϓϦΛ࡞Δͱͨ͠ΒͲͷΑ͏ʹ࣮૷͢Ε͹Α͍ͷ͔ɺ۩ମతͳϢʔεέʔεͱͱ΋ʹղઆ͠·͢ɻ
7.1 2022 ೥Ҏલͷྺ࢙ΛৼΓฦΔ
Android ͷϝδϟʔόʔδϣϯ্͕͕ΔͱɺͦΕʹରԠͨ͠ API Level ͷ Android SDK ͕ϦϦʔ
ε͞Ε·͢ɻݱ࣌఺Ͱ͸ Android 13 ʹରԠͨ͠ API Level 33 ͷ SDK ͕ར༻ՄೳͰ͢ɻ
ԼҐޓ׵ੑΛอͪͳ͕Β࠷৽ͷ SDK ͷػೳΛ׆༻͢ΔͨΊʹɺJetpack ͱݺ͹ΕΔϥΠϒϥϦ܈
͕ެࣜʹఏڙ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ2022 ೥ݱࡏͰ͸ Jetpack Λ׆༻ͯ͠ΞϓϦΛ։ൃ͢Δํ๏͕Ұൠతʹ
ͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ
ຊઅͰ͸ Android SDK ͱ Jetpack ͷྺ࢙ΛৼΓฦΓɺಈը࠶ੜΞϓϦͷ࣮૷ํ๏͕ͲͷΑ͏ͳม
ભΛͨͲ͖ͬͯͨͷ͔Λղઆ͠·͢ɻ
2008 ೥: MediaPlayer
Android SDK ʹ͸ϦϦʔε౰ॳ͔Βಈը΍Ի੠Λ࠶ੜ͢ΔͨΊͷΫϥε (MediaPlayer) ͕ଘࡏ
͠·͢ɻ·ͨɺMediaPlayer Ͱ࠶ੜ͍ͯ͠ΔಈըΛ View ͱͯ͠දࣔ͢ΔͨΊͷ UI ίϯϙʔωϯτ
*1 https://developer.android.com/quality
*2 https://karasta.net/
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ୈ 7 ষ Android ͷಈը࠶ੜΞϓϦͷ࡞Γํ 2022 7.1 2022 ೥Ҏલͷྺ࢙ΛৼΓฦΔ
(VideoView) ΋ؚ·Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ
͜ΕΒ͸ API Level 33 ͱͳͬͨݱࡏͰ΋ར༻Ͱ͖·͢ɻ͔͠͠ͳ͕ΒɺݱࡏͰ͸ MediaPlayer ΍
VideoView Λ࢖ͬͯಈըϓϨΠϠʔΛ࣮૷͢Δέʔε͸গͳ͘ͳΓ·ͨ͠ɻ୅ΘΓʹ ExoPlayer ͱ
͍͏ϥΠϒϥϦΛ༻͍࣮ͨ૷ํ๏͕Ұൠతʹͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ͜Εʹ͍ͭͯ͸࣍ͷઅͰৄ͘͠ղઆ͠
·͢ɻ
2014 ೥: MediaSession
͜ͷ೥ʹ͸΢ΣΞϥϒϧσόΠε޲͚ͷ Android Wear ΍ंࡌσόΠε޲͚ͷ Android Auto ͕
ൃද͞Ε·ͨ͠ɻͦΕʹ൐͍ɺεϚʔτϑΥϯͱ֎෦σόΠε͕࿈ܞͯ͠ಈ࡞͢ΔΞϓϦ͕׆ൃʹ։
ൃ͞ΕΔΑ͏ʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɻAndroid 5.0 (API Level 21) Ͱ͸ɺ͜ͷ࿈ܞΛ࣮ݱ͢ΔͨΊͷ৽͍͠
͘͠Έͱͯ͠ MediaSession ͕ಋೖ͞Ε·ͨ͠*3ɻ
ΞϓϦ͸ϝσΟΞͷ࠶ੜঢ়ଶ (λΠτϧɺΞʔτϫʔΫɺ࠶ੜҐஔͳͲ) Λ MediaSession Λ௨͡
ͯ OS ʹެ։͠·͢ɻOS ͸ϝσΟΞͷঢ়ଶΛ֎෦σόΠεͳͲʹදࣔ͠·͢ɻٯʹɺ֎෦͔Βͷϝ
σΟΞίϯτϩʔϧίϚϯυ (࠶ੜɺఀࢭɺγʔΫͳͲ) ͕ MediaSession Λ௨ͯ͡ΞϓϦʹ௨஌͞
Ε·͢ɻ
ਤ 7.1: MediaSession
MediaSession ͸ Jetpack Media ϥΠϒϥϦͱͯ͠΋ఏڙ͞Ε͓ͯΓɺ͜ΕΛ࢖͏ͱ؆୯ʹ
MediaSession Λ࣮૷Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻৄ͘͠͸࣍ͷઅͰղઆ͠·͢ɻ
*3 Android 4.0 ͷ࣌఺ͰϩοΫը໘ͳͲ͔ΒϝσΟΞΛίϯτϩʔϧ͢ΔͨΊͷ API (RemoteControlClient) ͕௥Ճ
͞Ε͍ͯ·͕ͨ͠ɺMediaSession ͷొ৔ͱͱ΋ʹඇਪ঑ʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɻ
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ୈ 7 ষ Android ͷಈը࠶ੜΞϓϦͷ࡞Γํ 2022 7.1 2022 ೥Ҏલͷྺ࢙ΛৼΓฦΔ
2017 ೥: Picture-in-Picture
Android 8.0 (API Level 26) Ͱ͸ Picture-in-Picture (PiP) ͷػೳ͕௥Ճ͞Ε·ͨ͠*4ɻPiP ͸
ΞϓϦͷը໘Λখ͞ͳ΢Οϯυ΢ͱͯ͠දࣔ͢ΔػೳͰ͢ɻ͜ΕʹΑͬͯɺϢʔβʔ͸ಈըΛࢹௌ͠
ͳ͕Β΄͔ͷλεΫΛ͜ͳ͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɻ͜ͷ͋ͨΓ͔ΒΞϓϦ։ൃͷைྲྀ͸γ
ϯάϧ΢Οϯυ΢ͷ࣌୅͔ΒϚϧν΢Οϯυ΢ͷ࣌୅ʹҠΓมΘ͍͖ͬͯ·͢ɻ
ਤ 7.2: Picture-in-Picture*5
2020 ೥: Jetpack WindowManager
Android 10 (API Level 29) Ͱ͸Ϛϧν΢Οϯυ΢ͷαϙʔτ͕͞ΒʹڧԽ͞ΕɺંΓͨͨΈࣜσ
όΠε΍େը໘σόΠεʹ࠷దԽ͞Εͨ UI Λఏڙ͢ΔͨΊͷ API ͕௥Ճ͞Ε·ͨ͠ɻ·ͨɺ΢Οϯ
υ΢ͷঢ়ଶݕ஌ͷͨΊͷϥΠϒϥϦͱͯ͠ Jetpack WindowManager ͕৽ͨʹϦϦʔε͞Ε·ͨ͠ɻ
2022 ೥ݱࡏͰ͸ϚςϦΞϧσβΠϯͷΨΠυϥΠϯͰંΓͨͨΈࣜσόΠε΍େը໘σόΠε޲
͚ͷ UI Λߏங͢Δํ๏͕ࣔ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢*6ɻಈը࠶ੜΞϓϦʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɺંΓͨͨΈͷঢ়ଶʹԠ͡
ͯಈըϓϨΠϠʔͷϨΠΞ΢τΛมߋ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΔ UX ͷ޲্͕ظ଴Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
ਤ 7.3: ંΓͨͨΈࣜσόΠε
*4 Android 7.0 ͷ࣌఺ͰΞϓϦΛ෼ׂදࣔ͢ΔϚϧν΢Οϯυ΢Ϟʔυ͕αϙʔτ͞Ε͍ͯ·͕ͨ͠ɺPiP ͸ Android
TV ͷΈͰར༻Ͱ͖ΔػೳͰͨ͠ɻ
*5 Big Buck Bunny, 2008, Blender Foundation / www.bigbuckbunny.org
*6 https://m3.material.io/foundations/adaptive-design/overview
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ୈ 7 ষ Android ͷಈը࠶ੜΞϓϦͷ࡞Γํ 2022 7.2 ExoPlayer ͱ Jetpack Media3 ʹ͍ͭͯ
͜͜·Ͱड़΂ͨΑ͏ʹɺಈը࠶ੜΞϓϦΛ։ൃ͢ΔࡍʹٻΊΒΕΔػೳཁ݅͸ Android ͷਐาͱ
ͱ΋ʹଟ༷Խ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ࣍ͷઅͰ͸ɺ͜Ε·Ͱʹ঺հͨ͠ػೳΛ࣮૷͢ΔͨΊʹ༻͍ΔϥΠϒϥϦ
ʹ͍ͭͯ঺հ͠·͢ɻ
7.2 ExoPlayer ͱ Jetpack Media3 ʹ͍ͭͯ
ExoPlayer ͸ Google ͕։ൃ͍ͯ͠ΔϝσΟΞ࠶ੜϥΠϒϥϦͰ͢ɻετϦʔϛϯάܗࣜͷϝσΟ
Ξͷ࠶ੜ΍޿ࠂͷૠೖͳͲɺMediaPlayer ʹ͸ͳ͍ଟ͘ͷػೳΛඋ͍͑ͯ·͢ɻ
ҰํɺJetpack ϥΠϒϥϦͷҰͭͰ͋Δ Jetpack Media2 ʹ΋ϝσΟΞ࠶ੜػೳ͕͋Γɺॏෳͨ͠
ػೳΛ࣋ͭ 2 ͭͷϥΠϒϥϦ͕ڞଘ͍ͯ͠·ͨ͠ɻ͞ΒʹɺJetpack Media2 ͷ MesiaSession ͷػ
ೳͱ ExoPlayer Λ࿈ܞͤ͞ΔͨΊͷ ExoPlayer Extension ΋ެ։͞Ε͓ͯΓɺMediaSession ͷ࣮
૷ํ๏͕ෳࡶԽ͍ͯ͠·ͨ͠ɻ
ਤ 7.4: Jetpack Media2 ͱ ExoPlayer
2021 ೥ 10 ݄ɺ͜ΕΒͷ໰୊Λղܾͨ͠৽͍͠ Jetpack ϥΠϒϥϦͰ͋Δ Jetpack Media3*7͕ൃ
ද͞Ε·ͨ͠ɻMedia3 ʹ͸ ExoPlayer ͕౷߹͞Ε͓ͯΓɺϝσΟΞ࠶ੜʹؔ͢Δ͞·͟·ͳϢʔε
έʔεΛ୯ҰͷϥΠϒϥϦʹΑͬͯ؆୯ʹ࣮ݱͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɻ
౰໘ͷؒ͸ैདྷͷ ExoPlayer ͱ Media3 ͕ฒߦͯ͠ϦϦʔε͞Ε·͕͢ɺैདྷͷ ExoPlayer ͸ক
དྷతʹඇਪ঑ʹͳΔͨΊɺMedia3 ΁ͷҠߦ͕ਪ঑͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ࠷৽ͷόʔδϣϯͷ ExoPlayer Λ
ར༻͍ͯ͠Δ৔߹ɺجຊతʹ͸ύοέʔδ໊΍Ұ෦ͷΫϥε໊Λஔ׵͢Δ͚ͩͰ Media3 ΁ͷҠߦ͕
׬ྃ͠·͢ɻ͞Βʹɺ͜ͷҠߦ࡞ۀΛࣗಈԽ͢ΔͨΊͷεΫϦϓτ΋ެ։͞Ε͍ͯ·͢*8ɻ
Ҏ߱ͷ಺༰Ͱ͸ɺ͜ͷ Media3 Λ༻͍ͯಈը࠶ੜΞϓϦΛ࡞੒͢Δํ๏Λ঺հ͠·͢ɻ
*7 https://developer.android.com/jetpack/androidx/releases/media3
*8 https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/media/media3/getting-started/migration-guide
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ୈ 7 ষ Android ͷಈը࠶ੜΞϓϦͷ࡞Γํ 2022 7.3 ಈը࠶ੜΞϓϦͷ࡞Γํ
7.3 ಈը࠶ੜΞϓϦͷ࡞Γํ
ຊઅͰ͸ɺ·ͣ࢝Ίʹ Jetpack Media3 Λ༻͍ͯγϯϓϧͳಈը࠶ੜΞϓϦΛ࡞੒͠ɺ࣍ʹ
MediaSession ΍ PiP ͳͲͷߴ౓ͳػೳΛ௥Ճ͢Δํ๏Λ঺հ͠·͢ɻ
γϯϓϧͳಈը࠶ੜΞϓϦ
·ͣ͸࠷΋؆୯ͳಈը࠶ੜΞϓϦΛߟ͑·͢ɻ͜ͷΞϓϦͷΞʔΩςΫνϟͱ࣮૷ྫΛ࣍ʹࣔ͠
·͢ɻ
ਤ 7.5: γϯϓϧͳಈը࠶ੜΞϓϦͷΞʔΩςΫνϟ
PlayerActivity.kt
class PlayerActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
private lateinit var player: ExoPlayer
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
// PlayerViewΛදࣔ͢Δ
val playerView = PlayerView(this)
setContentView(playerView)
// PlayerΛ࡞੒ͯ͠PlayerViewʹηοτ͢Δ
player = ExoPlayer.Builder(this).build()
playerView.player = player
// ϩʔΧϧ·ͨ͸ωοτϫʔΫ্ͷಈըͷUriΛࢦఆ͢Δ
val mediaItem = MediaItem.fromUri(...)
player.setMediaItem(mediaItem)
}
override fun onStart() {
super.onStart()
// ϑΥΞάϥ΢ϯυʹͳͬͨΒ࠶ੜΛ࢝ΊΔ
player.prepare()
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player.play()
}
override fun onStop() {
super.onStop()
// όοΫάϥ΢ϯυʹͳͬͨΒ࠶ੜΛࢭΊΔ
player.stop()
}
override fun onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy()
// PlayerͷϦιʔεΛղ์͢Δ
player.release()
}
}
͜ͷྫͰ͸ΞϓϦ͕όοΫάϥ΢ϯυʹͳ͍ͬͯΔؒ͸࠶ੜΛఀࢭ͢ΔΑ͏ʹ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻPlayer
ͷΠϯελϯε͸ෆཁʹͳͬͨλΠϛϯάͰղ์͢Δඞཁ͕͋ΔͨΊɺΞΫςΟϏςΟͷ onDestro
y() Ͱղ์͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ
ϩʔΧϧ·ͨ͸ωοτϫʔΫ্ͷಈըʹΞΫηε͢Δʹ͸దٓύʔϛογϣϯΛઃఆ͢Δඞཁ͕͋
Γ·͕͢ɺຊষͷείʔϓ͔Β͸গ͠֎ΕΔͨΊઆ໌ΛׂѪ͠·͢ɻ
MediaSessionService Λ༻͍ͨόοΫάϥ΢ϯυ࠶ੜ
લड़ͷ࣮૷Ͱ͸ΞΫςΟϏςΟ͕ Player Λอ͍࣋ͯ͠ΔͨΊɺը໘ճసͳͲʹΑͬͯΞΫςΟϏ
ςΟ͕ഁغ͞ΕΔͱ Player ΋ղ์͞Εͯ͠·͍·͢ɻ͜ΕΛ๷͙ͨΊʹ͸ϑΥΞάϥ΢ϯυαʔϏ
ε*9Λ࢖༻͠·͢ɻPlayer ͷΠϯελϯεΛΞΫςΟϏςΟͰ͸ͳ͘ϑΥΞάϥ΢ϯυαʔϏεʹ
อ࣋ͤ͞Δ͜ͱͰɺΞΫςΟϏςΟ͕ഁغ͞Εͯ΋ϝσΟΞͷ࠶ੜΛଓߦͤ͞Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
Media3 ʹ͸͜ΕΛ؆୯ʹ࣮ݱ͢ΔͨΊͷΫϥεͰ͋Δ MediaSessionService ؚ͕·Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ
MediaSessionService ͸࣍ͷ͜ͱΛࣗಈతʹߦ͍·͢ɻ
• ϑΥΞάϥ΢ϯυαʔϏεΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ
• ௨஌ྖҬʹϝσΟΞΛίϯτϩʔϧ͢Δ UI Λදࣔ͢Δ
• MediaSession Λ֎෦ʹެ։͢Δ
ϝσΟΞͷίϯτϩʔϧ͸͢΂ͯ MediaSession Λհͯ͠ߦΘΕΔͨΊɺBluetooth ϔουηο
τ΍ Wear OS ͳͲΛ࢖ͬͯಈըΛ࠶ੜ/ఀࢭ͢Δ͜ͱ΋ՄೳʹͳΓ·͢ɻ͜ͷΞϓϦͷΞʔΩςΫ
νϟ͸࣍ͷΑ͏ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
*9 https://developer.android.com/guide/components/foreground-services
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ਤ 7.6: MediaSessionService Λ༻͍ͨಈը࠶ੜΞϓϦͷΞʔΩςΫνϟ
MediaSessionService Λ࢖༻͢Δʹ͸ɺҎԼͷΑ͏ʹ MediaSessionService Λܧঝͨ͠αʔϏεΛ
࡞੒͠ɺAndroidManifest ʹ௥Ճ͠·͢ɻ
PlayerService.kt
class PlayerService : MediaSessionService() {
private lateinit var player: ExoPlayer
private lateinit var mediaSession: MediaSession
private val mediaSessionCallback = object : MediaSession.Callback {
override fun onAddMediaItems(
mediaSession: MediaSession,
controller: MediaSession.ControllerInfo,
mediaItems: MutableList
) = Futures.immediateFuture(mediaItems.map { mediaItem ->
// MediaController͔Β౉͞ΕͨUriΛ࠶ੜ͢ΔͨΊʹඞཁͳॲཧ
mediaItem.buildUpon()
.setUri(mediaItem.requestMetadata.mediaUri)
.build()
})
}
override fun onCreate() {
super.onCreate()
player = ExoPlayer.Builder(this).build()
mediaSession = MediaSession.Builder(this, player)
.setCallback(mediaSessionCallback)
.build()
}
player.release()
mediaSession.release()
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super.onDestroy()
}
override fun onGetSession(controllerInfo: MediaSession.ControllerInfo) = mediaSession
}
AndroidManifest.xml
android:name=".PlayerService"
android:exported="false"
android:foregroundServiceType="mediaPlayback">

αʔϏε্Ͱ MediaSession ͱ ExoPlayer ͷΠϯελϯεΛ࡞੒͠ɺ
onGetSession() ΛΦʔόʔ
ϥΠυͯ͠ MediaSession Λฦ͠·͢ɻ͜͜Ͱ࡞੒ͨ͠ ExoPlayer ͸αʔϏεͷ֎෦͔Β௚઀ΞΫ
ηε͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻ֎෦͔ΒͷϝσΟΞίϯτϩʔϧ͸͢΂ͯ MediaSession Λհͯ͠ߦ
ΘΕ·͢ɻ
ΞΫςΟϏςΟ͔ΒϝσΟΞΛίϯτϩʔϧ͢ΔྫΛҎԼʹࣔ͠·͢ɻ
PlayerActivity.kt
val sessionToken = SessionToken(this, ComponentName(this, PlayerService::class.java))
val controllerFuture = MediaController.Builder(this, sessionToken).buildAsync()
controllerFuture.addListener({
// MediaController͸ExoPlayerͱಉ͘͡PlayerΠϯλϑΣʔεΛ࣮૷͍ͯ͠Δ
val mediaController = controllerFuture.get()
playerView.player = mediaController
// ಈըιʔεΛࢦఆ
val requestMetadata = MediaItem.RequestMetadata.Builder()
.setMediaUri(...)
.build()
val mediaItem = MediaItem.Builder()
.setRequestMetadata(requestMetadata)
.build()
mediaController.setMediaItem(mediaItem)
// ࠶ੜ։࢝
mediaController.prepare()
mediaController.play()
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}, MoreExecutors.directExecutor())
SessionToken Λ࢖͏ͱ MediaSession ͔Β MediaController ΛऔಘͰ͖·͢ɻMediaController
͸ Player ΠϯλϑΣʔεΛ࣮૷͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ·ͨɺαʔϏε্ʹ͋Δ ExoPlayer ΋ಉ༷ʹ Player
ΠϯλϑΣʔεΛ࣮૷͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ͢ͳΘͪɺMediaController Λऔಘ͢Δͱ ExoPlayer ͱಉ͡Π
ϯλϑΣʔεΛ༻͍ͯϝσΟΞΛίϯτϩʔϧͰ͖·͢ɻ
Picture-in-Picture
ΞϓϦʹ PiP ͷػೳΛ௥Ճ͢Δεςοϓ͸ҎԼͷ 3 ͭͰ͢ɻ
1. AndroidManifest ͰΞΫςΟϏςΟͷઃఆΛมߋ͢Δ
2. ΞΫςΟϏςΟΛ PiP Ϟʔυʹ੾Γସ͑ΔॲཧΛ௥Ճ͢Δ
3. ΞΫςΟϏςΟ͕ PiP Ϟʔυʹͳͬͨͱ͖ʹ UI Λߋ৽͢Δ
1. AndroidManifest ͰΞΫςΟϏςΟͷઃఆΛมߋ͢Δ
AndroidManifest.xml
android:name=".PlayerActivity"
android:configChanges="screenSize|smallestScreenSize|screenLayout|orientation"
android:supportsPictureInPicture="true" />
AndroidManifest Ͱ android:supportsPictureInPicture Λ true ʹ͢ΔͱɺΞΫςΟϏςΟ
͕ PiP ϞʔυʹରԠ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱΛએݴͰ͖·͢ɻPiP ϞʔυʹભҠͨ͠ͱ͖ʹΞΫςΟϏςΟ͕
࠶ੜ੒͞ΕΔͷΛ๷͙ͨΊɺandroid:configChanges ͷઃఆ΋௥Ճ͠·͢ɻ
2. ΞΫςΟϏςΟΛ PiP Ϟʔυʹ੾Γସ͑ΔॲཧΛ௥Ճ͢Δ
Activity.enterPictureInPictureMode() Λ࣮ߦ͢ΔͱɺΞΫςΟϏςΟ͕ PiP Ϟʔυʹ੾Γ
ସΘΓ·͢ɻUI ্ͷϘλϯΛλοϓͨ͠ͱ͖ʹ PiP Ϟʔυʹ੾Γସ͍͑ͨ৔߹͸ɺϘλϯͷ onCl
ickListener Ͱ͜ΕΛ࣮ߦ͠·͢ɻϢʔβʔ͕ϗʔϜը໘ʹ໭Ζ͏ͱͨ͠ͱ͖ʹࣗಈతʹ PiP Ϟʔ
υʹ੾Γସ͍͑ͨ৔߹͸ɺҎԼͷΑ͏ʹ Activity.onUserLeaveHint() ΛΦʔόʔϥΠυ͠·͢ɻ
PlayerActivity.kt
// ϗʔϜը໘ʹ໭Δͱ͖ʹݺ͹ΕΔ
override fun onUserLeaveHint() {
if (packageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_PICTURE_IN_PICTURE)) {
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try {
val params = PictureInPictureParams.Builder().build()
enterPictureInPictureMode(params)
} catch (e: IllegalStateException) {
// Ұ෦ͷσόΠεͰ͸FEATURE_PICTURE_IN_PICTURE͕༗ޮͰ΋
// PiPʹભҠ͢ΔͱΫϥογϡ͢Δ
}
}
}
PiP ͸ Android 8.0 Ͱ௥Ճ͞ΕͨػೳͰ͕͢ɺҰ෦ͷσόΠεͰ͸ Android 8.0 Ҏ߱Ͱ΋ར༻Ͱ͖
ͳ͍৔߹͕͋Γ·͢ɻFEATURE_PICTURE_IN_PICTURE ͷϑϥάΛࢀর͢ΔͱɺσόΠε͕ PiP Λα
ϙʔτ͍ͯ͠Δ͔Ͳ͏͔Λ൑ผͰ͖·͢ɻ͔͠͠ͳ͕ΒɺFEATURE_PICTURE_IN_PICTURE ͕༗ޮͰ
͋Δʹ΋͔͔ΘΒͣ PiP Ϟʔυʹ͠Α͏ͱ͢ΔͱΫϥογϡ͢ΔσόΠε΋ଘࡏ͠·͢ɻϨΞέʔ
εͰ͸͋Γ·͕͢ɺIllegalStateException ΛΩϟον͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯΫϥογϡΛճආͰ͖·͢ɻ
enterPictureInPictureMode() ͷҾ਺ͱͯ͠౉͢ PictureInPictureParams Ͱ͸ɺPiP Ϟʔυ
ʹͳͬͨͱ͖ͷ΢Οϯυ΢ͷΞεϖΫτൺ΍දࣔ͢ΔϘλϯͷछྨͳͲΛઃఆͰ͖·͢ɻActivity
.setPictureInPictureParams() Λ࣮ߦ͢ΔͱɺΞΫςΟϏςΟ͕ PiP Ϟʔυ͔Ͳ͏͔ʹؔ܎ͳ
͘ PictureInPictureParams Λߋ৽Ͱ͖·͢ɻಈը࠶ੜΞϓϦͷ৔߹͸ɺಈըͷΞεϖΫτൺʹԠ͡
ͯ PiP ͷ΢Οϯυ΢ͷΞεϖΫτൺΛมߋ͢Δͱྑ͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏ɻ
PlayerActivity.kt
mediaController.addListener(object : Player.Listener {
override fun onVideoSizeChanged(videoSize: VideoSize) {
if (packageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_PICTURE_IN_PICTURE)) {
try {
// ಈըͷΞεϖΫτൺͱPiPͷ΢Οϯυ΢ͷΞεϖΫτൺΛҰகͤ͞Δ
val params = PictureInPictureParams.Builder()
.setAspectRatio(Rational(videoSize.width, videoSize.height))
.build()
setPictureInPictureParams(params)
} catch (e: IllegalStateException) {
e.printStackTrace()
}
}
}
})
3. ΞΫςΟϏςΟ͕ PiP Ϟʔυʹͳͬͨͱ͖ʹ UI Λߋ৽͢Δ
PiP ϞʔυͰ͸ΞΫςΟϏςΟ͕খ͞ͳ΢Οϯυ΢Ͱදࣔ͞ΕΔͨΊɺΞΫςΟϏςΟʹ഑ஔͨ͠
ϘλϯͳͲ͸λοϓͰ͖ͳ͘ͳΓ·͢ɻΞΫςΟϏςΟ͕ PiP Ϟʔυʹͳͬͨͱ͖ʹಈըҎ֎ͷ UI
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Λඇදࣔʹ͍ͨ͠৔߹ɺҎԼͷΑ͏ʹ addOnPictureInPictureModeChangedListener() Λ࣮ߦ
ͯ͠ PiP Ϟʔυͷ੾Γସ͑Λ؂ࢹ͠·͢ɻ
PlayerActivity.kt
class PlayerActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
private val pipListener = Consumer { info ->
if (info.isInPictureInPictureMode) {
// PlayerViewҎ֎ͷUIΛඇදࣔʹ͢Δ
} else {
// PlayerViewҎ֎ͷUIΛදࣔ͢Δ
}
}
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
addOnPictureInPictureModeChangedListener(pipListener)
...
}
removeOnPictureInPictureModeChangedListener(pipListener)
super.onDestroy()
}
}
addOnPictureInPictureModeChangedListener() ͸ Jetpack ͷ ComponentActivity Λܧঝ͠
ͨΞΫςΟϏςΟͰར༻Ͱ͖·͢ɻJetpack Λར༻͍ͯ͠ͳ͍৔߹͸ΞΫςΟϏςΟͷ onPictureI
nPictureModeChanged() ΛΦʔόʔϥΠυͯ͠ PiP ϞʔυΛ؂ࢹ͠·͢ɻ
PlayerActivity.kt
override fun onPictureInPictureModeChanged(
isInPictureInPictureMode: Boolean,
newConfig: Configuration
) {
super.onPictureInPictureModeChanged(isInPictureInPictureMode, newConfig)
if (isInPictureInPictureMode) {
// PlayerViewҎ֎ͷUIΛඇදࣔʹ͢Δ
} else {
// PlayerViewҎ֎ͷUIΛදࣔ͢Δ
}
}
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Jetpack Compose Ͱ PlayerView Λදࣔ͢Δ
࠷ۙͰ͸ View Ͱ͸ͳ͘ Jetpack Compose Λ༻͍ͯ UI Λߏங͢Δέʔε͕ଟ͘ͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ
͔͠͠ͳ͕Β Media3 ͷϓϨΠϠʔ UI ͸ View ͱ࣮ͯ͠૷͞Ε͓ͯΓɺCompose ޲͚ͷ API ͸ࠓ
ͷͱ͜Ζఏڙ͞Ε͍ͯ·ͤΜɻ
Compose Ͱߏஙͨ͠ UI ্Ͱ PlayerView Λද͍ࣔͨ͠৔߹ɺҎԼͷΑ͏ʹ Compose ͱ View ͷ
૬ޓӡ༻ API Λ࢖༻͠·͢ɻ
val playerView = remember {
PlayerView(context)
}
DisposableEffect(
AndroidView(factory = { playerView })
) {
// ը໘Λดͨ͡ͱ͖ʹݺ͹ΕΔ
onDispose {
mediaController.release()
}
}
AndroidView Λ࢖༻͢ΔͱɺComposable ͷதͰ View ΛදࣔͰ͖·͢ɻ·ͨɺը໘Λดͨ͡ͱ
͖ʹߦ͏Ϧιʔεͷղ์ॲཧ͸ DisposableEffect Λ࢖࣮ͬͯݱͰ͖·͢ɻ
ંΓͨͨΈࣜσόΠε΁ͷରԠ
Jetpack WindowManager Λ࢖༻͢ΔͱɺҎԼͷΑ͏ʹͯ͠ંΓͨͨΈࣜσόΠεͷঢ়ଶΛ؂ࢹ
Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
PlayerActivity.kt
lifecycleScope.launch(Dispatchers.Main) {
lifecycle.repeatOnLifecycle(Lifecycle.State.STARTED) {
WindowInfoTracker.getOrCreate(this@PlayerActivity)
.windowLayoutInfo(this@PlayerActivity)
.mapNotNull { layoutInfo ->
layoutInfo.displayFeatures
.filterIsInstance()
.firstOrNull()
}
.collect { foldingFeature ->
// TODO ંΓͨͨΈͷঢ়ଶʹΑͬͯUIΛߋ৽͢Δ
foldingFeature.state // ંΓͨͨΜͰ͍Δ͔Ͳ͏͔
foldingFeature.orientation // ંΓ໨ͷ޲͖
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foldingFeature.occlusionType // ંΓ໨͕ը໘ΛӅ͍ͯ͠Δ͔Ͳ͏͔
foldingFeature.isSeparating // ը໘ͷྖҬ͕ંΓ໨Ͱ෼ׂ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͔Ͳ͏͔
}
}
}
WindowInfoTracker.windowLayoutInfo() ͸ WindowLayoutInfo ͷ Flow Λฦ͠·͢ɻWin-
dowLayoutInfo ʹ͸σόΠεͷંΓͨͨΈঢ়ଶΛද͢ FoldingFeature ͕֨ೲ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻFold-
ingFeature Λ࢖ͬͯ View ·ͨ͸ Composable ͷϨΠΞ΢τΛߋ৽͢Δ͜ͱͰɺΞϓϦͷ UI ΛંΓ
ͨͨΈࣜσόΠε޲͚ʹ࠷దԽͰ͖·͢ɻ
͜͜Ͱ͸ɺCompose Ͱද͍ࣔͯ͠Δ PlayerView ΛંΓ໨ʹॏͳΒͳ͍Α͏ʹ഑ஔͤ͞Δ࣮૷ྫ
Λ঺հ͠·͢ɻ
PlayerScreen.kt
@Composable
fun PlayerScreen(
foldingFeature: FoldingFeature?,
modifier: Modifier = Modifier
) {
val playerModifier = if (foldingFeature == null ||
foldingFeature.state == FoldingFeature.State.FLAT
) {
// ંΓͨͨΜͰ͍ͳ͍ͷͰશը໘දࣔ͢Δ
Modifier.fillMaxSize()
} else {
if (foldingFeature.orientation == FoldingFeature.Orientation.HORIZONTAL) {
// ંΓ໨ͷ্ଆʹϓϨΠϠʔΛ഑ஔ͢Δ
val playerHeight = with(LocalDensity.current) {
(foldingFeature.bounds.top - WindowInsets.systemBars.getTop(this)).toDp()
}
Modifier
.fillMaxWidth()
.height(playerHeight)
} else { // VERTICAL
// ંΓ໨ͷࠨଆʹϓϨΠϠʔΛ഑ஔ͢Δ
val playerWidth = with(LocalDensity.current) {
foldingFeature.bounds.left.toDp()
}
Modifier
.width(playerWidth)
.fillMaxHeight()
}
}
Box(
modifier = modifier
.fillMaxSize()
.systemBarsPadding()
) {
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ୈ 7 ষ Android ͷಈը࠶ੜΞϓϦͷ࡞Γํ 2022 7.4 ऴΘΓʹ
// PlayerViewΛදࣔ͢ΔComposable (લͷ߲Λࢀর)
VideoPlayer(modifier = playerModifier)
}
}
ંΓ໨ͷ޲͖͕ HORIZONTAL ͷ৔߹ɺը໘͸্Լʹ෼ׂ͞Ε·͢ɻfoldingFeature.bounds Ͱ
ώϯδͷը໘্ͷҐஔ͕औಘͰ͖ΔͷͰɺ͜ΕΛ࢖ͬͯ PlayerView ͷߴ͞Λܭࢉ͠·͢ɻંΓ໨ͷ
޲͖͕ VERTICAL ͷ৔߹͸ը໘͕ࠨӈʹ෼ׂ͞ΕΔͷͰɺಉ༷ʹͯ͠ PlayerView ͷ෯Λܭࢉ͠·
͢ɻ͜ͷ Composable Λදࣔ͢Δͱਤ 7.3 ͷΑ͏ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
Compose Λ༻͍ͨެࣜͷ࣮૷αϯϓϧͱͯ͠͸ Jetcaster*10͕ࢀߟʹͳΓ·͢ɻ͜ͷαϯϓϧͰ
͸্هͷྫͱಉ༷ʹંΓͨͨΈͷঢ়ଶΛ؂ࢹ͠ɺΑΓෳࡶͳϨΠΞ΢τΛߏங͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ
·ͨɺView Ͱ UI Λߏங͍ͯ͠Δ৔߹͸ ConstraintLayout Λ༻͍ͯಉ༷ͷ͜ͱ͕࣮ݱͰ͖·͢ɻ
ConstraintLayout Ͱͷ࣮૷ํ๏ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ެࣜͷσϕϩούʔΨΠυ*11Λࢀর͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ
7.4 ऴΘΓʹ
ຊষͰ͸ 2022 ೥ 8 ݄࣌఺Ͱͷ࠷৽ͷ API Λ༻͍ͯಈը࠶ੜΞϓϦΛ։ൃ͢Δख๏ʹ͍ͭͯղઆ
͠·ͨ͠ɻࠓޙ΋৽ͨͳϑΥʔϜϑΝΫλΛ࣋ͭσόΠε͕ొ৔͠ɺͦΕʹ൐ͬͯ৽ͨͳ API ͕௥
Ճ͞ΕΔՄೳੑ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ·ͨɺݱࡏ͸ Android View γεςϜ͔Β Compose ΁ͱҠߦ͢Δա౉
ظͰ͋ΔͨΊɺಈը࠶ੜͷ UI ίϯϙʔωϯτʹؔͯ͠΋ࠓޙେ͖ͳΞοϓσʔτ͕ߦΘΕΔՄೳੑ
͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
KARASTA Ͱ͸ 2022 ೥ 8 ݄ʹ Media3 Λಋೖ͠ɺMediaSession ʹΑΔϝσΟΞίϯτϩʔϧʹ
ରԠ͠·ͨ͠ɻ·ͨɺݱࡏ͸৽نʹ௥Ճ͢Δը໘ͷ΄ͱΜͲΛ Jetpack Compose Ͱ࣮૷͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ
ࠓޙ΋ Android ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜͷมԽʹॊೈʹదԠͰ͖ΔΑ͏ɺΞϓϦͷ඼࣭վળʹ౒Ί͍͖ͯ
͍ͨͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ
*10 https://github.com/android/compose-samples/tree/main/Jetcaster
*11 https://developer.android.com/training/constraint-layout/foldables
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ୈ 8 ষ
Unity Transport ղੳͱܰྔαʔό
։ൃ
8.1 ͸͡Ίʹ
Unity Transport ͸ɺ௿ਫ४ͳωοτϫʔΫ௨৴ૢ࡞Λఏڙ͍ͯ͠ΔϥΠϒϥϦͰ͢ɻ௨৴ϓϩτ
ίϧΛಠࣗʹ֦ு͢Δ͜ͱ΋Ͱ͖ɺPipeline ػߏΛ༻͍ͯ RUDP ௨৴΁ΧελϚΠζ͢Δ͜ͱ΋Մ
ೳͰ͢ɻ·ͨɺNetcode for GameObjects Λ༻͍Δ͜ͱͰϚϧνϓϨΠϠʔήʔϜͷ։ൃޮ཰Λߴ
ΊΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ2022 ೥ 6 ݄ʹ͸ϚϧνϓϨΠϠʔήʔϜͷ੍࡞ج൫ͱͳΔ Unity ήʔϛϯ
άαʔϏε͕ਖ਼ࣜϦϦʔε͞Ε͓ͯΓɺϚϧνϓϨΠϠʔήʔϜͷ։ൃ͕ΑΓ؆୯ʹͳ͖͍ͬͯͯ
·͢ɻ
͔͠͠ɺ࣮ࡍʹϚϧνϓϨΠϠʔήʔϜͷ։ൃΛߦͬͯΈΔͱɺUnity Editor Λෳ਺্ཱͪ͛ͯ
ಈ࡞֬ೝΛߦ͏ඞཁ͕͋ΓɺߴεϖοΫͳ։ൃ୺຤Λ༻ҙͰ͖ͳ͍ͱಈ࡞֬ೝࣗମ͕೉͍͠ͱ͍͏໰
୊ʹ௚໘͢Δ͜ͱ͕͋Γ·͢ɻຊষͰ͸ɺ͜͏͍ͬͨ՝୊Λղܾ͢ΔͨΊɺUnity Transport ͷ௨৴
ϓϩτίϧΛֶͼ Unity Editor Λ༻͍ͣʹ௨৴Λߦ͏αʔόΛ։ൃͯ͠Έ·͢ɻ
8.2 Unity Transport ͷηοτΞοϓ
Unity Transport ΛऔΓࠐΉखॱ͸ҎԼͷ௨ΓͰ͢ɻ
1. Unity Editor ͰϓϩδΣΫτΛಡΈࠐΉ
2. ϝχϡʔ͔ΒʮWindowʯˠʮPackage ManagerʯΛબ୒͢Δ
3. Package Manager ΢Οϯυ΢ͷࠨ্෇ۙʹ͋Δ
ʮʴʯ
ΛΫϦοΫ͠ɺ
ʮadd by package name...ʯ
Λબ୒͢Δ
4.ʮNameʯʹʮcom.unity.transportʯͱೖྗͯ͠ʮADDʯΛΫϦοΫ͢Δ
͜ΕʹΑΓ Unity Transport Λར༻Ͱ͖Δ͚ͩͰ͸ͳ͘ɺUnity Transport ͷιʔεΛ֬ೝ͢Δ
͜ͱ΋Ͱ͖·͢ɻιʔε͸ Library/PackageCache/[email protected] ҎԼʹ֨ೲ͞Εͯ
͓Γɺͪ͜ΒΛࢀরͭͭ͠௨৴ϓϩτίϧΛ֬ೝ͍͖ͯ͠·͢ɻͳ͓ɺ@Ҏ߱͸ Unity Transport ͷ
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ୈ 8 ষ Unity Transport ղੳͱܰྔαʔό։ൃ 8.3 Unity Transport ͷ௨৴ϓϩτίϧ
όʔδϣϯΛ͓ࣔͯ͠Γɺࣥච࣌఺Ͱͷόʔδϣϯ͸ 1.2.0 ͱͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ
࣮ࡍͷ௨৴಺༰Λ֬ೝ͢Δ৔߹͸ɺWireshark ͳͲͷύέοτΩϟϓνϟΛ༻͍Δͱ؆୯ʹ֬ೝͰ
͖·͢ɻຊষͰऔΓ্͛Δ಺༰ͷൣғ಺Ͱ͋Ε͹ɺૹड৴ͨ͠σʔλΛஞҰग़ྗ͢ΔΑ͏ͳ؆୯ͳϓ
ϩάϥϜΛ༻ҙ͢Δ͚ͩͰ΋े෼Ͱ͢ɻ
fmt.Println(receivedBytes)
// ग़ྗྫ: [99 68 48 180 135 41 189 178 213 181]
for _, b := range receivedBytes {
fmt.Printf("%X ", b)
}
// ग़ྗྫ: 63 44 30 B4 87 29 BD B2 D5 B5
8.3 Unity Transport ͷ௨৴ϓϩτίϧ
Unity Transport Ͱ௨৴Λߦ͏αϯϓϧϓϩάϥϜ͸ެࣜαΠτʹαʔό*1ͱΫϥΠΞϯτ*2ͱ΋
ʹެ։͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ
αϯϓϧϓϩάϥϜͷಈ࡞Λ؆୯ʹ·ͱΊΔͱɺҎԼͷΑ͏ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
1. αʔό͕ UDP ϙʔτΛ։͘
2. ΫϥΠΞϯτ͕઀ଓཁٻΛૹ৴͢Δ
3. αʔό͕઀ଓཁٻΛड৴͠ɺडཧͨ͜͠ͱΛ௨஌͢Δ
4. ઀ଓཱ֬ޙʹɺΫϥΠΞϯτ͕ήʔϜσʔλΛૹ৴͢Δ
5. αʔό͕ήʔϜσʔλΛड͚औΓɺՃ޻ͯ͠ૹ৴͢Δ
6. ΫϥΠΞϯτ͕ήʔϜσʔλΛड৴͢Δ
·ͨɺαϯϓϧϓϩάϥϜʹ͸ॻ͔Ε͍ͯ·ͤΜ͕ɺUnity Transport ͷ಺෦Ͱ ping ͱ pong Λ
ૹड৴͍͋ͬͯ͠·͢ɻ
Ҏ্ͷաఔͰొ৔͢Δ௨৴಺༰͸઀ଓཁٻɺ઀ଓडཧɺήʔϜσʔλɺpingɺpong ͷ 5 छྨͱͳ
Γ·͢ɻͦΕͧΕ௨৴಺༰͸ڞ௨ͷϔομ෦Λ͓࣋ͬͯΓɺ಺༰ʹԠͨ͡ϘσΟ෦͕ޙʹଓ͖·͢ɻ
ϔομ෦ͷ௕͞͸ 10 όΠτͰɺ௨৴ͷछผʢ1 όΠτʣ
ɺϑϥάʢ1 όΠτʣ
ɺηογϣϯτʔΫϯ
ʢ8 όΠτʣؚ͕·Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻϘσΟ෦ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɺ઀ଓडཧʹ͸৽ͨͳηογϣϯτʔΫϯʢ8 ό
Πτʣؚ͕·ΕɺήʔϜσʔλʹ͸ήʔϜଆͰ٧ΊࠐΜͩόΠτྻؚ͕·Ε͓ͯΓɺαϯϓϧϓϩά
ϥϜͰ͸ූ߸ͳ͠ 4 όΠτ੔਺ܕͷ਺஋͕ೖ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻͳ͓ɺ઀ଓཁٻɺpingɺpong ͷ 3 छྨ͸
ϔομͷΈͷ௨৴ͱͳ͓ͬͯΓɺϘσΟ෦͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻ
ҎԼͰ͸ɺϔομ෦ͷ಺༰ʹ͍ͭͯৄࡉʹݟ͍͖ͯ·͢ɻ
*1 αʔόαϯϓϧ https://docs-multiplayer.unity3d.com/transport/current/samples/serverbehaviour
*2 ΫϥΠΞϯταϯϓϧ https://docs-multiplayer.unity3d.com/transport/current/samples/clientbehaviour
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ୈ 8 ষ Unity Transport ղੳͱܰྔαʔό։ൃ 8.4 ܰྔαʔό։ൃ
·ͣɺ௨৴ͷछผʹ͍ͭͯ͸શ෦Ͱ 6 छྨ͋ΓɺҎԼͷΑ͏ͳ஋͕ઃఆ͞Ε·͢ɻ
• ઀ଓཁٻʢ0ʣ
• ઀ଓڋ൱ʢ1ʣ
• ઀ଓडཧʢ2ʣ
• ੾அʢ3ʣ
• ήʔϜσʔλʢ4ʣ
• pingʢ5ʣ
• pongʢ6ʣ
ͳ͓ࠓճ͸ɺ઀ଓڋ൱΍੾அʹ͍ͭͯ͸ಛʹऔΓ্͛·ͤΜɻ
࣍ʹɺϑϥάʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɺ
ʮηογϣϯτʔΫϯ͕෇༩͞Ε͍ͯΔ͔ʯ͕ 1 Ϗοτ໨ɺ
ʮPipeline Λ
࢖༻͍ͯ͠Δ͔ʯ͕ 2 Ϗοτ໨ͱͳΔϏοτϑϥάͱͯ͠ߏ੒͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻࠓճऔΓ্͛Δ௨৴಺
༰ͷதͰ͸ɺ઀ଓडཧ͕௥ՃͷηογϣϯτʔΫϯΛ͍࣋ͬͯΔͨΊϑϥά͸ 1 ͱͳΓ·͢ɻ
࠷ޙʹɺηογϣϯτʔΫϯʹ͍ͭͯղઆ͠·͢ɻηογϣϯτʔΫϯ͸ϥϯμϜͳ 8 όΠτͷό
Πτྻͱͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻαʔόͱΫϥΠΞϯτͰηογϣϯτʔΫϯΛڞ༗ͤͣɺ઀ଓཁٻʹೖͬͯ
͍ΔηογϣϯτʔΫϯΛαʔό͔Βͷૹ৴ʹ࢖༻͠ɺ઀ଓडཧʹؚ·ΕΔ৽͍͠ηογϣϯτʔΫ
ϯΛΫϥΠΞϯτ͔Βͷૹ৴ʹ࢖༻͠·͢ɻ
Ҏ্ͷ௨৴಺༰ͱྲྀΕΛ࣮૷͢Δ͜ͱͰɺUnity ͔Βಠཱͨ͠ܗͰ௨৴Λߦ͏ϓϩάϥϜΛ࡞੒Ͱ
͖·͢ɻ
8.4 ܰྔαʔό։ൃ
αϯϓϧαʔόΛ࠶ൃ໌͢Δͷʹඞཁͳཁૉ͸ͦΖͬͨͷͰ Go Ͱಉ͡Α͏ͳಈ࡞Λ͢ΔαʔόΛ
࡞੒͍͖ͯ͠·͢ɻ
·ͣɺ௨৴ͷछผΛҎԼͷΑ͏ʹఆٛ͠·͢ɻ
const (
ConnectionRequestType = iota
ConnectionRejectType
ConnectionAcceptType
DisconnectType
DataType
PingType
PongType
)
ϑϥάͷऔΓѻ͍ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɺࠓճ͸઀ଓडཧͰͷΈඞཁͳͨΊ઀ଓडཧΛૹ৴͢Δࡍʹ 1 Λઃఆ
͢Δ͜ͱʹ͠·͢ɻ
ηογϣϯτʔΫϯʹ͍ͭͯ͸ rand.Uint64() Ͱੜ੒͠·͢ɻ
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௨৴಺༰Λද͢ߏ଄ମ͸ɺϔομ෦ͷΈʢ઀ଓཁٻɺpingɺpongʣ
ɺ઀ଓडཧɺήʔϜσʔλͷ 3
ͭΛఆٛ͠·͢ɻ
type TransportHeader struct {
Type byte
Flags byte
Token uint64
}
type ConnectAccept struct {
TransportHeader
NewToken uint64
}
type UdpData struct {
TransportHeader
Num uint32
}
αʔόຊମͷ࣮૷Ͱ͸؆୯ͷͨΊΫϥΠΞϯτ͸Ұ͚ͭͩѻ͏΋ͷͱ͠ɺඞཁ࠷௿ݶͷಈ࡞ͷΈఆ
ٛͯ͠Έ·͢ɻڍಈͱͯ͠͸ɺUDP ϙʔτΛ։͖ɺԿ͔Λड৴ͯ͠͸ฦ౴Λߦ͏ͱ͍͏୯७ͳ΋ͷ
ͱͳΓ·͢ɻΫϥΠΞϯτͷੜଘ֬ೝ΋ඞਢͰ͸ͳ͍ͨΊলུ͠ɺping Λૹ৴͢Δॲཧ΋ল͖·͢ɻ
type toyServer struct {
conn *net.UDPConn
addr *net.UDPAddr // ઀ଓͨ͠ΫϥΠΞϯτ৘ใ
recvToken uint64
}
func (server *toyServer) run() {
serverAddr := &net.UDPAddr{
IP: net.ParseIP("127.0.0.1"),
Port: 9000,
}
conn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", serverAddr)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
server.conn = conn
buf := make([]byte, 32)
for {
n, addr, err := conn.ReadFromUDP(buf)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
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}
server.addr = addr
switch buf[0] {
case ConnectionRequestType:
server.sendAccept(buf[:n])
case DataType:
server.sendData(buf[:n])
case PingType:
server.sendPong()
}
}
}
Ͱ͸ɺฦ౴ͷத਎Ͱ͋Δ઀ଓडཧ sendAcceptɺήʔϜσʔλૹ৴ sendDataɺpong ฦ౴ sendPo
ng ʹ͍ͭͯݟ͍͖ͯ·͢ɻ
઀ଓडཧ sendAccept Ͱ͸ɺ઀ଓཁٻ͔ΒηογϣϯτʔΫϯΛൈ͖ग़͠ɺ৽ͨͳηογϣϯτʔ
ΫϯΛੜ੒ͯ͠ฦ౴͍ͯ͠·͢ɻෳ਺ͷ઀ଓΛ؅ཧ͢Δ৔߹͸ɺ͜͜Ͱੜ੒ͨ͠৽͍͠ηογϣϯ
τʔΫϯΛه࿥͓ͯ͘͠ඞཁ͕͋Δ఺ʹ஫ҙ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ
func (server *toyServer) sendAccept(bs []byte) {
var request TransportHeader
binary.Read(bytes.NewBuffer(bs), binary.LittleEndian, &request)
server.recvToken = request.Token
var accept ConnectAccept
accept.Type = ConnectionAcceptType
accept.Flags = 1
accept.Token = server.recvToken
accept.NewToken = rand.Uint64()
buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, accept)
_, err := server.conn.WriteTo(buf.Bytes(), server.addr)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
}
ήʔϜσʔλૹ৴ sendData Ͱ͸ɺ઀ଓडཧͱಉ༷ʹड৴಺༰Λύʔε͠ɺฦ౴಺༰Λੜ੒ͯ͠ૹ
৴͠·͢ɻ͜͜Ͱ͸ Unity Transport ͷαϯϓϧͱಉ༷ʹɺड৴ͨ͠ήʔϜσʔλʹ +2 Λߦͬͯฦ
౴͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ
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ୈ 8 ষ Unity Transport ղੳͱܰྔαʔό։ൃ 8.5 ऴΘΓʹ
func (server *toyServer) sendData(bs []byte) {
var udpData UdpData
binary.Read(bytes.NewBuffer(bs), binary.LittleEndian, &udpData)
var response UdpData
response.Type = DataType
response.Flags = 0
response.Token = server.recvToken
// αϯϓϧαʔόͷڍಈʹ߹Θͤͯ +2 Λ͢Δ͚ͩ
response.Num = udpData.Num + 2
binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, response)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
}
࠷ޙʹ pong ฦ౴ sendPong Ͱ͸ɺड৴಺༰͸ಛʹඞཁͳ͍ͨΊ pong Λੜ੒ͯ͠ૹ৴͢ΔͷΈͱ
ͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ
func (server *toyServer) sendPong() {
var pong TransportHeader
pong.Type = PongType
pong.Flags = 0
pong.Token = server.recvToken
binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, pong)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
}
Ҏ্͕αʔό࣮૷ͷৄࡉͱͳΓ·͢ɻ͜ͷαʔόΛىಈ͠ɺUnity Editor ʹͯΫϥΠΞϯταϯ
ϓϧΛ࣮ߦ͢Δͱ઀ଓ͔ΒήʔϜσʔλͷૹड৴·ͰߦΘΕΔ͜ͱ͕֬ೝͰ͖·͢ɻ
8.5 ऴΘΓʹ
Unity Transport Λղੳ͠ɺαϯϓϧαʔόͱࣅͨಈ࡞Λ͢ΔϓϩάϥϜΛ࡞੒ͯ͠Έ·ͨ͠ɻα
ϯϓϧϓϩάϥϜΛΤϛϡϨʔτ͢Δ͚ͩͰ͋Ε͹ɺ਺छྨͷ௨৴಺༰Λԡ͑͞Δ͚ͩͰ࣮૷Ͱ͖·
ͨ͠ɻ
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ୈ 8 ষ Unity Transport ղੳͱܰྔαʔό։ൃ 8.5 ऴΘΓʹ
ࠓճऔΓ্͛ΒΕͳ͔ͬͨ Pipeline ػߏΛ༻͍ͨ RUDP ௨৴΍ΑΓ࣮ફతͳαʔό։ൃʹ͍ͭͯ
͸ɺػձΛ͋ΒͨΊͯ·ͱΊΒΕͨΒͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ
101

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2021 ৽ଔɻTIPSTAR ࣄۀ෦ͰΤϯδχΞΛ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻWebGL ͱ ΞΫηγϏϦςΟʹͭ
͍ͯߟ͑Δͷ͕޷͖Ͱ͢ɻ
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ॴଐ͸ϞϯεταʔόνʔϜͰ Ruby ΍ Go Λॻ͍ͯΔɻϓϩάϥϛϯά͕޷͖Ͱɺීஈ͸ਪ
͠ݴޠͷ Haskell Ͱ༡ΜͩΓɺ৽͍͠ϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠΛษڧͨ͠Γ͍ͯ͠ΔɻHaskell-jp
΍ Elm-jp Ͱͪΐͪ͜ΐ͜׆ಈ΋͍ͯ͠Δɻ
ɹ
ߐാ ୓࠸ (ୈ 3 ষ୲౰, Twitter: @MeguruMokke)
2021 ৽ଔɻTIPSTAR ࣄۀ෦Ͱ൚༻తʹ׆ಈ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻझຯ͸͓ֆඳ͖ͱ Clojure ͱ͔ɻ
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2019 ৽ଔɻ഑ଐ࣌ΑΓΦϑϥΠϯΠϕϯτͷγεςϜपΓͷ։ൃʹैࣄɻ2022 ೥ 8 ݄͔Β͸
ԣஅతͳٕज़ࢧԉʹैࣄɻझຯ͸μΠϏϯάͱϥʔϝϯ԰८Γɻ
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։ൃຊ෦ CTO ࣨॴଐɻιϑτ΢ΣΞΤϯδχΞͱͯ͠ήʔϜ։ൃͱӡӦɺͦΕ͔Βऩӹੑ΍
ήʔϜੑͱ UX ໘౳ʑΫϦΤΠςΟϒʹ΋ܞΘ͖ͬͯ·ͨ͠ɻϓϩάϥϛϯάڭҭʹ͍ͭͯ
ͷֶशιϑτͱΧϦΩϡϥϜΛࣗࣾ಺Ͱ࡞Γɺதɾߴߍੜʹ޲͚ͯϓϩάϥϛϯάߨ࠲ͷߨࢣ
Ͱ΋׆ಈதɻ΄͔ࣾ಺ R&D ۀ຿΋ࢀՃɻ
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2019 ৽ଔɻϞϯετͳͲͷ෼ੳ༻σʔλج൫ߏஙΛओʹ୲౰͍ͯ͠·͢ɻBigQuery ͕޷͖ɻ
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ͷ஫ྗࣄۀ͸ࢠҭͯͰ͢ɻ
ɹ
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ͷ΍ΓͱΓΛͨ͠Γ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻࣾ಺ͷʮϚʔϒϧϫʔΫελΠϧ੍౓ʯͷԸܙʹ༬͔ͬͯɺ
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104

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MIXI TECH NOTE #08
2022 ೥ 9 ݄ 10 ೔ɹॳ൛ୈ 1 ࡮ɹൃߦ
ஶɹऀ גࣜձࣾ MIXI ༗ࢤ
ൃߦॴ גࣜձࣾ MIXI
ҹ࡮ॴ άϥϑΟοΫ
ɹ
MIXI

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MIXI TECH NOTE #08

MIXI TECH NOTE #08

MIXI ENGINEERS
PRO

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MIXI TECH NOTE #08

MIXI TECH NOTE #08

MIXI ENGINEERS PRO

More Decks by MIXI ENGINEERS

Other Decks in Technology

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MIXI ENGINEERS
PRO