mixi tech note #06

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mixi tech note #06
גࣜձࣾϛΫγΟ ༗ࢤɹஶ
2021-07-10 ൛ גࣜձࣾϛΫγΟ ൃߦ

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·͕͖͑
ຊॻʮmixi tech note #06ʯ͸ɺϛΫγΟάϧʔϓʹॴଐ͢Δ༗ࢤୡʹΑͬͯࣥචɾ੍࡞͞Εͨ
ٕज़ॻͰ͢ɻ঺հͳΜͱ͔ɻͦͷͨΊɺ֤ষͦΕͧΕͰ׬͍݁ͯ͠Δ಺༰ʹͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ͷͰɺ޷͖
ͳষ͔Β޷͖ͳॱ൪Ͱָ͓͠Έ͍ͩ͘͞ɻ
·ͨɺຊॻ͸ɺϛΫγΟάϧʔϓʹ͋Δٕज़త஌ݟ΍ΞΠσΞΛੵۃతʹڞ༗ɾެ։͍ͯ͘͜͠ͱ
ͰɺੈͷதʹΑΓྑ͍αʔϏε͕ҲΕग़͢͜ͱΛئͬͯץߦ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻܝࡌ͞Ε͍ͯΔ৘ใ͸ɺ
ࣥචऀࣗ਎ͷ؀ڥͰݕূࣥ͠ච͞Εͨ΋ͷͰ͢ͷͰɺ͝ࢀߟʹ͞ΕΔࡍ͸ɺࣗ͝਎ͷ੹೚Ͱ൑அ͠
͝׆༻͍ͩ͘͞ɻͳ͓ɺจষදݱʹ͖ͭ·ͯ͠΋ɺࣥචऀࣗ਎ͷݴ༿Ͱ఻͑ͨ͘ɺϑϥϯΫͳදݱͱ
ͳ͓ͬͯΓ·͢͜ͱ͝ཧղ͍͚ͨͩΕ͹ͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ
σΟϕϩούʔϦϨʔγϣϯζνʔϜҰಉ
˗ຊॻʹؔ͢Δ͓໰͍߹Θͤઌ
ɹ https://twitter.com/mixi_engineers
˗ϛΫγΟάϧʔϓʹ͍ͭͯ
ɹ https://mixi.co.jp/
˞ʠϛΫγΟʡ
ɺ
ʠmixiʡ
ɺ
ʠmixi ϩΰʡ ͸ɺגࣜձࣾϛΫγΟͷ঎ඪ·ͨ͸ొ࿥঎ඪͰ͢ɻ·ͨɺ֤
ࣾͷձ໊ࣾɺαʔϏεٴͼ੡඼ͷ໊শ͸ɺͦΕͧΕͷॴ༗͢Δ঎ඪ·ͨ͸ొ࿥঎ඪͰ͢ɻ
iii

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໨࣍
·͕͖͑ iii
ୈ 1 ষ Haskell Ͱ͍͡Δ Dockerﬁle 1
1.1 language-docker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Haskell Ͱ Dockerﬁle Λهड़͢Δ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 ऴΘΓʹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
ୈ 2 ষ ͖Ε͍ͳίʔυΛॻͨ͘Ίͷ 3 ͭͷ C ͱͦͷ૊Έ߹Θͤ 11
2.1 ͖Ε͍ͳίʔυͷҐஔ෇͚ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2 Project:CCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3 ͖Ε͍ͳίʔυͷ͸ͣͳͷʹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4 ͓ΘΓʹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.5 ͋ͱ͕͖: ͦͷίʔυɺΫϦʔϯͳඞཁ͕͋Γ·͔͢ʁ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
ୈ 3 ষ Web Components ͷجૅͱ։ൃ࣌ͷઃܭߟ࡯ 27
3.1 Web Components ͷجૅ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.2 એݴత UI ͱࠩ෼ϨϯμϦϯά . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.3 ։ൃ؀ڥߏங . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.4 ࠷ޙʹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
ୈ 4 ষ Ͱ͖ΔΑ Unity DOTS 41
4.1 Unity DOTS ࣗࣾݕূࣄྫ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.2 Unity DOTS / NetCode ͰϚϧνϓϨΠήʔϜ։ൃ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.3 DOTS ͱ͸ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4.4 Ͳͷ͘Β͍ྑ͘ͳΔͷ͔ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
4.5 Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱ/Ͱ͖ͳ͍͜ͱ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4.6 मಘ೉қ౓͸ߴ͍ͷ͔ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4.7 Ͳ͔͜ΒखΛ͚ͭΕ͹ྑ͍ͷ͔ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.8 Ͳ͏ߏங͢Ε͹ྑ͍ͷ͔ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
4.9 ࠷ޙʹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
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໨࣍
ୈ 5 ষ ήʔϜͷͨΊͷܦ࿏୳ࡧ 69
5.1 ήʔϜͷܦ࿏୳ࡧ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
5.2 ܦ࿏୳ࡧΞϧΰϦζϜ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
5.3 ܦ࿏୳ࡧͷԠ༻ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
5.4 ·ͱΊ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
5.5 ͓·͚ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
5.6 ࢀߟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
ୈ 6 ষ Unity ͷ Navigation ͷ׆༻ 77
6.1 ࢝Ίʹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
6.2 Navigation ͷجຊ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
6.3 Navigation ͷԠ༻ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
ୈ 7 ষ 70 ݸ͘Β͍ͷγΣʔμʔΛ·ͱΊͨ࿩ 87
7.1 ΠϯτϩμΫγϣϯ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
7.2 γΣʔμʔόϦΞϯτ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
7.3 ςΫενϟͷϛϥʔϦϯά . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
7.4 ৚݅෼ذ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
7.5 ShaderLab ύϥϝʔλͷϓϩύςΟԽ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
7.6 γΣʔμʔΛॻ͖΍͘͢͢Δ޻෉ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
7.7 ·ͱΊ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
ஶऀ঺հ 105
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ୈ 1 ষ
Haskell Ͱ͍͡Δ Dockerfile
hadolint*1 ͱ͍͏πʔϧΛ஌͍ͬͯ·͔͢ʁ Dockerfile ʹର͢Δ lint πʔϧͰ͢ɻͨͱ͑͹ɺ࣍
ͷΑ͏ͳܯࠂΛग़ͯ͘͠Ε·͢ɻ
$ cat Dockerfile
FROM ubuntu
RUN cd /tmp && echo "hello!"
$ hadolint Dockerfile
Dockerfile:1 DL3006 warning: Always tag the version of an image explicitly
Dockerfile:2 DL3003 warning: Use WORKDIR to switch to a directory
࣮͸͜ͷπʔϧ͸ Haskell Ͱॻ͔Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ·ͨɺhadolint ͷ࡞ऀ͸ hadolint Λ࣮૷͢ΔͨΊ
ͷ֤छػೳʢߏจఆٛ΍ύʔαʔʣΛผύοέʔδ language-docker*2 ͱͯ͠ެ։ͯ͘͠Ε͍ͯ·
͢ɻຊߘͰ͸ɺ͜ͷύοέʔδΛར༻ͯ͠ Haskell ʹΑͬͯϓϩάϥϚϒϧʹ Dockerfile Λهड़͢
Δํ๏Λ঺հ͠·͢ɻ
1.1 language-docker
·ͣ͸ɺlanguage-docker ύοέʔδʹ͍ͭͯ঺հ͠·͢ʢݱࡏͷ࠷৽όʔδϣϯͰ͋Δ 10.0.1
Λର৅ʹ͠·͢ʣ
ɻlanguage-docker ͕ఏڙ͢Δػೳ͸େ͖͘෼͚ͯ 3 ͭͰ͢ɻ
1. Haskell Ͱͷ Dockerfile ͷߏจఆٛ
2. Dockerfile ͷύʔαʔʢDockerfile Λදͨ͠จࣈྻΛ (1) ʹม׵ʣ
3. (1) ͷϓϦςΟϓϦϯλʢ(1) Λ Dockerfile ͱͯ͠ग़ྗʣ
ॱ൪ʹ঺հ͠·͢ɻ
*1 https://github.com/hadolint/hadolint
*2 https://hackage.haskell.org/package/language-docker
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ୈ 1 ষ Haskell Ͱ͍͡Δ Dockerfile 1.1 language-docker
1. Dockerfile ͷߏจఆٛ
·ͣ͸ࠜͬ͜ʹͳΔߏจఆٛʢந৅ߏจ໦ɺASTʣΛΈͯΈ·͢ɻLanguage.Docker.Syntax Ϟ
δϡʔϧͷ Dockerfile ܕ͕ͦΕʹ͋ͨΓ·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 1.1: Dockerfile ͷߏจఆٛܕ
type Dockerfile = [InstructionPos Text]
data InstructionPos args
= InstructionPos
{ instruction :: !(Instruction args),
sourcename :: !Filename,
lineNumber :: !Linenumber
}
data Instruction args
= From !BaseImage
| Add !AddArgs
| Label !Pairs
| Copy !CopyArgs
| Run !(RunArgs args)
| Cmd !(Arguments args)
| Workdir !Directory
| Volume !Text
| Entrypoint !(Arguments args)
| Comment !Text
... -- ׂѪ
Instruction ܕ͕ Dockerfile ͷ RUN ΍ ADD ͳͲͷ໋ྩʹ͋ͨΓ·͢ɻׂͱͦͷ·Μ·ͷܕఆٛ
Ͱ͢ͶɻInstructionPos ͸ Instruction ʹίʔυ্ͷߦ൪߸ͳͲΛՃ͑ͨΑ͏ͳσʔλܕͰ͢ɻ
hadolint ͳͲͰܯࠂϝοηʔδΛग़ͨ͠Γ͢Δͷʹར༻͞Εͯ·͢ɻ
args ͱ͍͏ܕύϥϝʔλ͸ͳΜͰ͠ΐ͏͔ʁ Dockerfile ܕͰ͸ Text ܕ*3Λద༻͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊ
Ұݟ͋Μ·Γҙຯ͸ͳͦ͞͏Ͱ͢ɻargs ͱ͍͏ܕύϥϝʔλ͸ Arguments ܕͰར༻͞Εͯ·͢ɻ
࣮͸ɺ͜ͷύϥϝʔλ͸ hadolint ͷͨΊʹόʔδϣϯ 6.0.0 ͔Βಋೖ͞Ε·ͨ͠ɻhadolint Ͱ͸ R
UN ͳͲͰઃఆ͞ΕͨγΣϧεΫϦϓτ΋νΣοΫ͞Ε·͢ɻ͜ͷνΣοΫʹ͸ shellcheck*4 Λར༻
͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ࣮͸ shellcheck ΋ Haskell Ͱॻ͔Ε͍ͯΔͨΊɺ૊Έ߹ΘͤΔͷ͕༰қͳͷͰ͢ɻ͜
ͷࡍʹɺshellcheck ͷ݁ՌΛऔΓճ͠΍͍͢Α͏ʹܕύϥϝʔλʹͨ͠Α͏Ͱ͢*5ɻ
Dockerfile ͷߏจ͸ൺֱతγϯϓϧͳͨΊɼ͜ͷ AST Λ௚઀ར༻ͯ͠΋ͦ͜·ͰࠔΒͳ͍Ͱ
͠ΐ͏ɻͨͩ hadolint ͷ࡞ऀ͸ɺ΋ͬͱ Dockerfile ͷه๏ʹ͍ۙܗͰهड़͢ΔͨΊͷผύοέʔδ
*3 Haskell ͷจࣈྻܕͷҰͭͰɺϚϧνόΠτͳจࣈྻΛ͏·͘ѻ͑·͢ɻ
*4 https://www.shellcheck.net/
*5 https://github.com/hadolint/language-docker/pull/34/commits/abaeed6d0037b8b500064cccb66b8df05c939fb0
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dockerfile-creator*6 Λ༻ҙͯ͘͠Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻޙ൒ͷʮ1.2 Haskell Ͱ Dockerfile Λهड़͢ΔʯͰ͸
dockerfile-creator Λར༻ͯ͠ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ࣮ࡍʹ࡞ͬͯΈ·͢ɻ
2. Dockerfile ͷύʔαʔ
language-docker ύοέʔδʹ͸ Dockerfile Λจࣈྻͱͯ͠ड͚औΓɺલड़ͨ͠ Dockerfile ܕ
ͷ஋΁ม׵͢Δؔ਺͕͍͔ͭ͘༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻؔ਺͸ Language.Docker.Parser Ϟδϡʔϧ
ʹఆٛ͞Ε͓ͯΓɺͨͱ͑͹࣍ͷΑ͏ͳؔ਺͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 1.2: Dockerfile ͷύʔαʔ
parseText :: Text -> Either Error Dockerfile
parseFile :: FilePath -> IO (Either Error Dockerfile)
಺෦తʹ͸ megaparsec ύοέʔδ*7Λར༻͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ໋ྩҰͭҰͭ͸ಠཱ͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊɺύʔ
αʔͷ࣮૷͸ൺֱతʹγϯϓϧͰ͢*8ɻڵຯ͕͋Δํ͸ಡΜͰΈΔͱྑ͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏ɻύʔαʔͷ࣮૷
ͷࢀߟʹͳΔ͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜɻ
ࠓճ͸ಛʹར༻͠·ͤΜ͕ɺͨͱ͑͹ Dockerfile ΛಡΈࠐΜͰॻ͖׵͑Δ৔߹ʹ͸্هͷؔ਺Λ
࢖͏ͱྑ͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏ɻ
3. ߏจఆٛͷϓϦςΟϓϦϯλ
language-docker ύοέʔδͷ࠷ޙͷػೳ͸ϓϦςΟϓϦϯλͰ͢ɻલड़ͨ͠ AST Λ Dockerfile
ͷจࣈྻͱͯ͠ग़ྗ͢ΔػೳͰɺLanguage.Docker.PrettyPrint Ϟδϡʔϧʹ࣍ͷΑ͏ͳؔ਺͕
͋Γ·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 1.3: Dockerfile ͷϓϦςΟϓϦϯλ
prettyPrint :: Dockerfile -> Text
಺෦తʹ͸ prettyprinter ύοέʔδ*9Λར༻͍ͯ͠·͢ɻͦͷͨΊɺجຊతʹ͸ prettyprinter
ύοέʔδͷ͘͠ΈΛར༻͍ͯ͠Δ͚ͩͰ͕͢ɺύοέʔδΛݟͯΈΔͱ EscapeAccumSource ܕͱ
*6 https://hackage.haskell.org/package/dockerfile-creator : ΋ͱ΋ͱ͸ language-docker ʹؚ·Ε͍ͯ·
͕ͨ͠ɺhadolint ຊମʹ͸ෆཁͩͬͨͷͰ੾Γ෼͚ͨͦ͏Ͱ͢ɻ
*7 https://hackage.haskell.org/package/megaparsec
*8 ύʔαʔͷෳࡶ͞͸໋ྩʹΑΓ·͢ɻENV ΍ LABEL ͸͔ͳΓγϯϓϧͰ͕͢ FROM ΍ RUN ͸ΦϓγϣϯͷΑ͏ͳه๏
͕͍͔ͭ͋͘Δ͍ͤͰൺֱతෳࡶͰ͢ɻͦΕͰ΋ɺී௨ͷϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠͱൺ΂Ε͹͔ͳΓγϯϓϧͳํͰ͸͋Γ
·͕͢ɻ
*9 https://hackage.haskell.org/package/prettyprinter
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͍͏ͷ͕ఆٛ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ͜Ε͸ɺescape directive*10 ʹରԠ͢ΔͨΊͷ͘͠ΈͰ͢ɻDockerﬁle
Ͱ # escape=‘ ͳͲͱهड़͢Δ͜ͱͰɺΤεέʔϓจࣈΛมߋͰ͖·͢ʢσϑΥϧτͰ͸ \ Ͱ͢ʣ
ɻ
language-docker ͷύʔαʔ͸ɺ͜ͷ directive ΋ղऍͯ͠ AST ʹอଘ͠·͢ɻͦͯ͠ύʔε͢
Δࡍ͸΋ͪΖΜɺϓϦςΟϓϦϯτ͢Δࡍʹ΋ directive Ͱࢦఆͨ͠ΤεέʔϓจࣈΛར༻͠·͢ɻ
͔ͤͬ͘ͳͷͰ࣮૷ΛݟͯΈ·͠ΐ͏*11ɻ
Ϧετ 1.4: ϓϦςΟϓϦϯλͷ࣮૷
import Data.Text (Text)
import qualified Data.Text.Lazy as L
import Data.Text.Prettyprint.Doc
import Data.Text.Prettyprint.Doc.Internal (Doc (Empty))
import Data.Text.Prettyprint.Doc.Render.Text (renderLazy)
import Language.Docker.Syntax
import Prelude hiding ((<>), (>>))
prettyPrint :: Dockerfile -> L.Text
prettyPrint = renderLazy . layoutPretty opts . prettyPrintDockerfile
where
opts = LayoutOptions Unbounded
prettyPrintDockerfile :: [InstructionPos Text] -> Doc ann
prettyPrintDockerfile instr = doPrint instr <> "\n"
where
doPrint ips =
let ?esc = findEscapeChar ips
in (vsep . fmap prettyPrintInstructionPos) ips
prettyPrintInstructionPos :: (?esc :: Char) => InstructionPos Text -> Doc ann
prettyPrintInstructionPos (InstructionPos i _ _) = ...
?enc ͱ͍͏ͷ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ͜Ε͸ ImplicitParams ֦ு*12Ͱར༻Ͱ͖ΔػೳͰɺؔ਺ͷҾ਺Λ
҉໧తʹ౉͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ҉໧తͳҾ਺͕͋Δ͔Ͳ͏͔͸ɺܕΫϥεͷΑ͏ʹ੍໿Λ෇͚·͢
ʢ?esc :: Char ͷ෦෼ʣ
ɻҾ਺Λଋറ͢Δʹ͸ let ߏจΛར༻ͯ͠ߦ͍ͬͯ·͢ʢlet ?esc = fi
ndEscapeChar ips ͷ෦෼ʣ
ɻ͜ΕʹΑΓɺόέπϦϨʔͷΑ͏ʹҾ਺Λ౉͠ଓ͚Δඞཁ͕ͳ͘ͳΓ
·͢ɻ΋ͪΖΜɺReader ϞφυͰಉ༷ͷ͜ͱΛ࣮ݱͰ͖·͢ɻ·ͨɺReader Ϟφυʹൺ΂Δͱ΄
ͱΜͲར༻͞Ε͍ͯΔͷΛݟͳ͍௝͍͠ػೳͰ͢ɻ
*10 https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/#escape
*11 https://github.com/hadolint/language-docker/blob/e35d1f3a/src/Language/Docker/PrettyPrint.hs
ΑΓൈਮ
*12 https://downloads.haskell.org/~ghc/9.0.1/docs/html/users_guide/exts/implicit_parameters.
html#extension-ImplicitParams
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ୈ 1 ষ Haskell Ͱ͍͡Δ Dockerfile 1.2 Haskell Ͱ Dockerfile Λهड़͢Δ
1.2 Haskell Ͱ Dockerfile Λهड़͢Δ
ͯ͞ɺ͔͜͜Β͸͍Α͍Α࣮ࡍʹ language-docker ύοέʔδΛར༻ͯ͠؆୯ͳΞϓϦέʔγϣ
ϯΛ࡞ͬͯΈ·͢ɻ
࡞ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ
Hamler*13 ͱ͍͏ϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠΛ࣮ߦͰ͖Δ Docker Πϝʔδͷ Dockerfile Λ࡞੒͢Δ
CLI πʔϧΛ࡞Δ͜ͱʹ͠·͢ɻHamler ͸ Erlang VM ্Ͱಈ࡞͢Δ Haskell ελΠϧͷϓϩάϥ
ϛϯάݴޠͰ͢ɻErlang VM ্Ͱಈ࡞͢Δϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠͱ͍͑͹ɺ͓ͦΒ͘ Elixir ͕࠷΋༗
໊Ͱ͕͢ɺHamler ͸ Elixir ͱ͸ҟͳΓ੩తܕݕ͕ࠪ͋Γ·͢ɻ༨ஊͰ͕͢ɺHamler ͷίϯύΠϥ
͸ PureScript ͔ΒϑΥʔΫ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ
ࠓճͷ୊ࡐʹ Hamler ΛબΜͩͷ͸ɺHamler ͷ Docker ΠϝʔδΛ࡞Δʹ͸ Hamler ͷόʔδϣ
ϯͷ΄͔ʹ Erlang VM ͷόʔδϣϯΛࢦఆ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ͔ΒͰ͢ɻࠓճ࡞Δ؆қతͳΞϓϦέʔ
γϣϯ͸ɺ͜ͷ 2 ͭͷόʔδϣϯΛࢦఆ͢Δͱɺͦͷόʔδϣϯͷ༗ແΛνΣοΫ͠໰୊ͳ͚Ε͹
Dockerfile Λग़ྗ͢ΔΑ͏ͳ΋ͷΛ࡞Δ͜ͱʹ͠·͢ɻ
׬੒඼͸ https://github.com/matsubara0507/hamler-dockerfile-creator ϦϙδτϦʹ
͋Γ·͢ɻ
όʔδϣϯͷ༗ແͷνΣοΫ
Dockerfile ͷ࿩ͱ͸௚઀ؔ܎ͳ͍Ͱ͕͢ɺHamler ͱ Erlang VM ͷόʔδϣϯͷνΣοΫͷ͔͠
ͨΛઌʹߟ͑·͢ɻ͍Ζ͍Ζߟ͑ͨ݁ՌɺͲͪΒ΋ GitHub Ͱެ։͞Ε͍ͯΔͷͰ GitHub Release
ͷλάͰνΣοΫ͠Α͏ͱࢥ͍·͢ɻGitHub ͷ API Λ Haskell Ͱར༻͢Δʹ͸ɺgithub ύοέʔ
δ*14Λར༻͠·͢ɻ
͍ͭͰʹɺόʔδϣϯΛࢦఆ͠ͳ͔ͬͨ৔߹ʹ͸ latest ͳϦϦʔεΛࢀর͢ΔΑ͏ʹϥοϓͨ͠
ؔ਺Λ༻ҙ͠·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 1.5: GitHub Release Λऔಘ͢Δؔ਺
import Control.Monad.IO.Class (MonadIO, liftIO)
import Data.String (fromString)
import GitHub (github’)
import qualified GitHub
fetchRelease :: MonadIO m
=> GitHub.Name GitHub.Owner
-> GitHub.Name GitHub.Repo
*13 https://www.hamler-lang.org/
*14 https://hackage.haskell.org/package/github
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-> Maybe String
-> m (Maybe GitHub.Release)
fetchRelease owner repo tag = do
r Nothing -> github’ $ GitHub.latestReleaseR owner repo
Just t -> github’ $ GitHub.releaseByTagNameR owner repo (fromString t)
case r of
Left _ -> pure Nothing
Right r -> pure (Just r)
Erlang VM ͷ৔߹ɺ"OTP-" ͱ͍͏઀಄͕ࣙϦϦʔελάʹ͍͍ͭͯ·͢ɻͰ͢ͷͰɺ͜ΕΒΛ
Α͠ͳʹ֎ͯ͠όʔδϣϯΛฦͯ͋͛͠Δؔ਺Λɺઌ΄Ͳఆٛͨ͠ fetchRelease ؔ਺Λར༻ͯ͠
ఆٛ͠·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 1.6: Erlang VM ͷόʔδϣϯΛνΣοΫ͢Δؔ਺
import qualified Data.Text as Text
validateVersionOTP :: MonadIO m => Maybe String -> m (Maybe String)
validateVersionOTP version = do
release ) version
pure $
fmap (Text.unpack . Text.drop (length tagPrefix) . GitHub.releaseTagName) release
where
tagPrefix = "OTP-"
Hamler ͷΠϯετʔϧํ๏
Hamler ͷެࣜυΩϡϝϯτʹԊͬͯɺdpkg Λར༻ͯ͠ΠϯετʔϧΛͯ͠Έ·͢ɻdeb ϑΝΠ
ϧ͸ GitHub Release ͷΞηοτʹ͋Γ·͢ɻͰ͢ͷͰɺGitHub Release Λऔಘͯ͠ deb ϑΝΠϧ
ͷΞηοτΛ୳ͯ͠μ΢ϯϩʔυ URL Λฦؔ͢਺Λఆٛ͠·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 1.7: Hamler ͷ deb ϑΝΠϧͷμ΢ϯϩʔυ URL Λऔಘ͢Δؔ਺
import qualified Data.List as List
import qualified Data.Text as Text
fetchHamlerDebUrl :: MonadIO m => Maybe String -> m (Maybe String)
fetchHamlerDebUrl version = do
release pure $ do -- Maybe Ϟφυͷ Do ه๏Ͱ͢
assets release
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asset pure $ Text.unpack (GitHub.releaseAssetBrowserDownloadUrl asset)
where
-- hamler_{version}.deb ͱ͍͏Ξηοτ໊ͳͷͰ
isHamlerDeb txt = "hamler_" ‘Text.isPrefixOf‘ txt && ".deb" ‘Text.isSuffixOf‘ txt
Dockerﬁle Λߏங͢Δ
࠷ޙʹɺ2 ͭͷόʔδϣϯΛ༩͑ͨΒɺͦΕʹଈͨ͠ Dockerﬁle Λੜ੒͢Δؔ਺Λ࡞Γ·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 1.8: Hamler ͷ deb ϑΝΠϧͷμ΢ϯϩʔυ URL Λऔಘ͢Δؔ਺
import Control.Monad.IO.Class (MonadIO)
import qualified Data.List as List
import Data.Maybe (fromMaybe)
import Data.String (fromString)
import qualified Data.Text.Lazy as L
import GHC.Exts (fromList)
import Language.Docker.EDSL
data Config = Config
{ versionHamler :: Maybe String
, versionOTP :: Maybe String
}
buildDockerfile :: MonadIO m => Config -> m (Either String L.Text)
buildDockerfile Config{..} = do
r1 r2 case (r1, r2) of
(Nothing, _) ->
pure (Left $ "hamler version is not found: " ++ fromMaybe "latest" versionHamler)
(_, Nothing) ->
pure (Left $ "Erlang/OTP version is not found: " ++ fromMaybe "latest" versionOTP)
(Just url, Just v) -> pure $ Right $ toDockerfileText $ do
from $ "erlang" ‘tagged‘ fromString v
run $ fromString $ concat
[ "apt-get update && apt-get install -y libtinfo5" -- hamler ʹඞཁ
, " && apt-get clean"
, " && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*"
]
run $ fromString $ concat
[ "wget -q -O /tmp/hamler.deb " ++ url
, " && dpkg -i /tmp/hamler.deb"
, " && rm /tmp/hamler.deb"
]
entrypoint $ fromList ["hamler"]
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ୈ1ষ HaskellͰ͍͡ΔDockerfile 1.2 Haskell Ͱ Dockerfile Λهड़͢Δ
Config{..} ͸ RecordWildCards ֦ு*15Λར༻ͨ͠ه๏ͰɺϑΟʔϧυͷ஋ΛϑΟʔϧυ໊ͷ
ม਺΁ͱউखʹଋറͯ͘͠Ε·͢ɻͲͪΒ͔͕ Nothing Λฦͨ͠৔߹͸ΤϥʔϝοηʔδΛ Left
Ͱฦ͢Α͏ʹ͠·ͨ͠ɻ
Dockerfile Λهड़͸ dockerfile-creator ύοέʔδͷؔ਺Λར༻͠·͢ɻLanguage.Docker.EDS
L.toDockerfileText ؔ਺Λར༻͢Δ͜ͱͰɺDo ه๏Λར༻ͯ͠ Dockerfile ෩ʹهड़Ͱ͖·͢ɻf
rom ΍ run ͳͲɺׂͱ௚ײతʹಡΊ·͢ͶɻErlang VM ΛϕʔεΠϝʔδʹ͍ͨ͠ͷͰɺvalida
teVersionOTP ؔ਺Ͱऔಘͨ͠όʔδϣϯΛϕʔεΠϝʔδλάͱͯ͠ར༻͍ͯ͠·͢ɻlibtinfo
5 ͸ Hamler ΛΠϯετʔϧ͢ΔͷʹඞཁͰ͢ͷͰɺapt-get ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻHamler ࣗମ͸ fetchH
amlerDebUrl ؔ਺Ͱऔಘͨ͠μ΢ϯϩʔυ URL Λར༻ͯ͠ deb ϑΝΠϧΛ wget Ͱμ΢ϯϩʔυ
͖ͯͯ͠ɺdpkg ͯ͠Πϯετʔϧ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ
Docker ΠϝʔδΛ࡞ͬͯΈΔ
ͯ͞ɺࢼ͠ʹ࡞ͬͨ CLI πʔϧΛར༻ͯ͠·͢ɻͪͳΈʹɺbuildDockerfile ؔ਺ͱ main ؔ
਺ͷͭͳ͗͜Έ͸ຊ࣭త͡Όͳ͍ͷͰׂѪ͠·ͨ͠ɻ
$ stack exec -- hdc --hamler=0.4 > Dockerfile
$ cat Dockerfile
FROM erlang:24.0.3
RUN apt-get update \
&& apt-get install -y libtinfo5 \
&& apt-get clean \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
RUN wget -q -O /tmp/hamler.deb \
https://github.com/hamler-lang/hamler/releases/download/0.4/hamler_0.4_amd64.deb \
&& dpkg -i /tmp/hamler.deb \
&& rm /tmp/hamler.deb
ENTRYPOINT ["hamler"]
/tmp/hamler.deb ͷ͋ͱͷվߦ͸ɺຊߘͰ͏·͘දࣔ͢ΔͨΊʹखಈͰೖΕͨվߦͰ͕͢ɺͦΕ
Ҏ֎ͷվߦ͸શ෦ language-docker ͕΍͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱͰ͢ɻHamler ͷόʔδϣϯΛࢦఆ͍ͯ͠Δͷ
͸ɺHamler ͕ͳ͔ͥ Prerelease ͔͓ͯ͠͠Βͣɺlatest Ͱ͸࠷৽ͷόʔδϣϯΛऔಘͰ͖ͳ͍͔Β
Ͱ͢ɻ૝ఆͲ͓Γͷ Dockerfile ͕Ͱ͖͕͋Γ·ͨ͠ɻ΋ͪΖΜɺͪΌΜͱϏϧυ࣮ͯ͠ߦͰ͖·͢ɻ
$ docker build -t hamler .
*15 https://ghc.gitlab.haskell.org/ghc/doc/users_guide/exts/record_wildcards.html
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ୈ 1 ষ Haskell Ͱ͍͡Δ Dockerfile 1.3 ऴΘΓʹ
[+] Building 2.4s (7/7) FINISHED
...
$ docker run -it --rm hamler repl
Hamler REPL, version 0.4
Type :? for help
> 1 + 1
2
> :q
See ya!
1.3 ऴΘΓʹ
ࠓճ͸ Haskell ͱ Dockerfile ʹ͍ͭͯऔΓ্͛ͯΈ·ͨ͠ɻࠓճ࡞ͬͨπʔϧ͙Β͍Ͱ͸ɺΘ͟
Θ͟ϓϩάϥϚϒϧʹ͠ͳͯ͘΋γΣϧεΫϦϓτͰͳΜͱͰ΋ͳΔͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ͔͠͠ɺͨͱ͑͹
Πϯετʔϧ͍ͨ͠πʔϧͷόʔδϣϯʹΑͬͯΠϯετʔϧํ๏Λม͔͑ͨͬͨΓɺΑΓෳࡶͳ
ґଘؔ܎͕͋ͬͨΓ͢Δ৔߹͸ɺϓϩάϥϚϒϧʹ Dockerfile ΛߏஙͰ͖Δͱศར͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜɻ
ࢲͷ৔߹͸ɺ֎෦ͷπʔϧͷόʔδϣϯΞοϓΛࣗಈݕ஌ͯ͠ Dockerfile Λߏங͠ɺDocker Πϝʔ
δΛϓογϡ͢ΔΑ͏ͳπʔϧΛ࡞Δͷʹར༻͍ͯ͠·ͨ͠ɻ
·ͨɺhadolint ΍ shellcheck ͸ Haskell ੡ͱ஌Βͣʹར༻͍ͯ͠Δਓ͕·͊·͍͊Δศརπʔϧ
͡Όͳ͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏͔ɻ࣮͸ Haskell ͳΜͩΑʂ ͍ͬͯ͏ͨΊʹॻ͍ͨͷ΋࣮͸গ͚ͩ͋͠Γ·͢সɻ
Pandoc ΍ GitHub ͕࡞͍ͬͯΔ semantics ͷ͜ͱΛߟ͑Δͱɺύʔεͯ͠ந৅ߏจ໦ʹ͍ͯ͠Ζ
Μͳ͜ͱΛ͢Δͷ͸ Haskell ͷಘҙ෼໺ͳͷ͔΋͠Εͳ͍Ͱ͢Ͷɻ
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ୈ 2 ষ
͖Ε͍ͳίʔυΛॻͨ͘Ίͷ 3 ͭͷ C
ͱͦͷ૊Έ߹Θͤ
21 ৽ଔͷߐാͰ͢ɻ಺ఆऀݚम (ೖࣾલݚम) ʹͯɺνʔϜ։ൃΛ͢ΔͨΊʹඞཁͳϓϩδΣΫτ
ߏ଄ʹ͍ͭͯษڧ͠ɺΞ΢τϓοτͰ͖ͦ͏ͳ஌ݟΛੵΉ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨͷͰɺڞ༗͍͚ͤͯͨͩ͞͹
ͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ
ΑΓৄࡉʹ͸ (αʔόدΓͷ) ίʔυʹΑͬͯੜ͡Δ໰୊ʹয఺Λ౰͓ͯͨ࿩Λ঺հ͠·͢ɻ
ݚमͷಈػͱͯ͠͸ɺͨͱ͑͹ Golang ͱ Java, Lisp Ͱ͸ಉҰઃܭࢥ૝Λద༻͠Α͏ͱͯ͠΋݁
ߏͳࠩ෼͕ग़ͯ͠·͏͜ͱʹରͯ͠ɺ͜ͷ ίʔυతࠩ෼ Λҙࣝͯ͠ɺ Ͳ͏ॻ͘͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Ε͹νʔ
Ϝϝϯόʔͱҙࣝڞ༗͕Ͱ͖Δ͔ʁ ͱ͍͏ٙ໰ͷ౴͕͑஌Γ͍ͨɺͱ͍͏΋ͷ͕͋Γ·ͨ͠ɻ
2.1 ͖Ε͍ͳίʔυͷҐஔ෇͚
ࡢࠓ͞·͟·ͳϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ΍ɺઃܭࢥ૝ɺ։ൃख๏͕ຮԆ͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱ͸օ͞Μ΋͝प஌ͷ͜
ͱͱ͸ࢥ͍·͢ɻͨͱ͑͹Ұੲલ *1 ʹ͸ Ruby on Rails ։ൃ͕ओྲྀͰ͕ͨ͠ɺ࠷ۙͰ͸ϚΠΫϩ
αʔϏε΍ςετۦಈ։ൃɺΞδϟΠϧ։ൃͳͲʹ஫໨͕ू·͍ͬͯ·͢ *2 ɻ
ࠓճ͸ಛʹϞμϯͳ։ൃΛҙࣝ͠ɺ࣍ͷ 4 ͭͷ؍఺Λຬͨ͢ϓϩδΣΫτ / ίʔυΛ͖Ε͍ͳίʔ
υͱҐஔ෇͚·͢ɻ
*1 େֶͷΧϦΩϡϥϜ΁ੵۃతʹऔΓೖΕΒΕΔͳͲͷಈ͖ (https://www.enpit.jp/) ͔Βɺ2017~2020 ೥͝Ζ͕ϐʔ
ΫͩͬͨΑ͏ͳΠϝʔδͰ࿩͍ͯ͠·͢ɻࣾձਓʹͳͬͯ (2021) ͔Βੈք͕ Rails ͰͰ͖͍ͯͳ͍ͱײ࢝͡ΊͨόΠ
Ξε͕͋Δ͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜɻ
*2 ΑΓ࠷৽ͷ࿩Ͱ͸ɺϚΠΫϩαʔϏε΋ݹ୅ͷٕज़ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔͱ͔ݴΘΕ͍ͯ·͢ɻIT ෼໺ͷٕज़ͷਐา͸ૣ͍Ͱ
͢Ͷɻ
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ୈ 2 ষ ͖Ε͍ͳίʔυΛॻͨ͘Ίͷ 3 ͭͷ C ͱͦͷ૊Έ߹Θͤ 2.1 ͖Ε͍ͳίʔυͷҐஔ෇͚
อकੑ͕ߴ͍͜ͱ
͜͜Ͱ͍͏อकੑͱ͸ɺͦͷϓϩάϥϜʹ͍ͭͯ੔උɺҡ࣋ɺ؅ཧ͕͠΍͍͢͜ͱΛࣔ͠·͢ɻͨ
ͱ͑͹ɺΧελϚʔαʔϏε͔Βґཔ͕དྷͨͱ͖ʹݪҼಛఆ΍ͦͷमਖ਼͕༰қͰ͋Δ͜ͱɺΠϯϑϥ
ͷόʔδϣϯΞοϓσʔτʹڧ͍͜ͱͳͲ͕۩ମతͳཁ݅ͱͳΓ·͢ɻ
ςετઃܭ͕༰қͰ͋Δ͜ͱ
։ൃνʔϜ/؀ڥʹΑͬͯ͸ɺςετΛॻ͍͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͕͖Ε͍ͳίʔυɺͱΈͳ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ΋͋
Γ·͢ɻ͔͠͠ͳ͕ΒɺςετΛॻ͖΍͍͢؀ڥ੔උ΋͖Ε͍ͳίʔυΛॻͨ͘Ίͷཁૉͱͯ͠਺͑
Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻͨͱ͑͹ɺϏδωεϩδοΫ಺Ͱ O/RM Λݺͼग़ͯ͠σʔλϕʔεͱͷऔҾΛ
ߦ͍ͬͯΔΑ͏ͳίʔυ͸ɺςετΛॻ͘ͷ΋༰қͰ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻΑͬͯɺςετΛॻ͖΍͍͢Α
͏ͳઃܭ͕Ͱ͖͍ͯΔ͜ͱ΋ɺ͖Ε͍ͳίʔυΛߏ੒͢ΔҰһͰ͋Δݴ͑·͢ɻ
ػೳͷ֦ு͕༰қͰ͋Δ͜ͱ
ҰൠʹΞδϟΠϧ։ൃΛϕʔεʹϓϩδΣΫτΛਐΊ͍ͯ͘ͱɺػೳͷ֦ுΛٻΊΒΕΔέʔε͕
ଟ͘ଘࡏ͠·͢ɻػೳͷ֦ுΛߦ͏ࡍʹɺಉ͡ϓϩηεΛطଘͷػೳ͔ΒҾ༻͠૊Έ߹ΘͤΒΕΔ͜
ͱ͸ɺϓϩάϥϚʔͷଵଦͳಛੑΛ׆͔ͨ͢Ίʹඞཁͳಛ௃Ͱ͢ɻͦͷͨΊɺ֦ு͢ΔະདྷΛݟӽ͞
ͳ͍ػೳ࣮૷͸ɺ࣍ͷ։ൃʹର͢Δେ͖ͳ؞ͱͳͬͯ͠·͏Մೳੑ͕ߴ͘ͳΓ·͢ɻ
εέʔϥϏϦςΟ͕ߴ͍͜ͱ
ۙ೥Ͱ͢ͱɺΫϥ΢υϦιʔεΛ׆༻ͯ͠ෛՙ෼ࢄ΍৑௕ੑͷ֬อͳͲΛߦ͏έʔε͕૿͖͑ͯͯ
͍·͢ɻͨͱ͑͹ Google ΍ Amazon Ͱ͸ɺKubernates ΍ Docker Λ༻͍ͯαʔόϦιʔεͷಈ
తͳ࠷దԽΛ࣮ݱ͢ΔαʔϏεΛల։͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ
*3͜ΕΒͷαʔϏεΛར༻͢ΔͨΊʹ͸ɺαʔό
Ϧιʔε͕ಈతʹมԽͯ͠΋ఏڙ͢ΔαʔϏεʹҰ؏ੑΛ࣋ͨͤΒΕΔઃܭ͕ඞཁͩͱݴ͑·͢ɻ
*3 ϛΫγΟͰ͸͜ΕΒͷαʔϏεΛੵۃతʹ࠾༻͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ
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ୈ 2 ষ ͖Ε͍ͳίʔυΛॻͨ͘Ίͷ 3 ͭͷ C ͱͦͷ૊Έ߹Θͤ 2.2 Project:CCC
2.2 Project:CCC
ࠓճ͖Ε͍ͳίʔυͷͨΊͷཁૉͱͯ͠ɺ1) Clean Architecture 2) Clean Code 3) Cloud Native
ͷ 3 ͭΛऔΓ্͛ௐࠪ͠·ͨ͠ɻຊষͰ͸લఏͷڞ༗ͱͯ͠ɺ͜ͷ 3 ཁૉʹ͍ͭͯ৘ใͷ੔ཧΛߦ͍
·͢ɻ
Clean Architecture
Clean Architecture ͱ͸ɺίʔυͷ࠶ར༻ੑ΍֦ுੑΛߴΊΔͨΊͷɺϓϩδΣΫτͷઃܭࢥ૝
Ͱ͢ɻ۩ମతʹ͸ɺΦχΦϯΞʔΩςΫνϟͱݺ͹ΕΔԼͷਤ *4 ͕༗໊Ͱ͢ɻ͔͠͠ͳ͕Β Clean
Architecture Ͱॏཁͳͷ͸ɺ ؔ৺ͷ෼཭ ΍ ґଘੑͷϧʔϧ ͱ͍͏Ωʔϫʔυʹ͋Γ·͢ɻ
ਤ 2.1: Clean Architecture ͷΠϝʔδਤ
ؔ৺ͷ෼཭
ؔ৺ͷ෼཭ͱ͍͏ͷ͸ɺ͋ΔಛఆͷॲཧΛѻ͍΍͍͢Ϟδϡʔϧʹ෼ׂ͢ΔͨΊͷઃܭํ਑Λࢦ͠
·͢ɻ
ͨͱ͑͹ɺ ͋Δ਺ࣈΛೖྗ͠ ̍Λ଍ͯ݁͠ՌΛอଘ͢Δ ॲཧΛߟ͑·͢ɻ͜ͷͱ͖ͷϞδϡʔ
ϧͷྫͱͯ͠͸ɺ 1) WebϑΥʔϜ͔Β਺ࣈΛೖྗ͢Δ 2) ̍Λ଍͢ 3) ݁ՌΛ PostgreSQL ΁อଘ
͢Δ ͷ̏ͭΛߟ͑Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
ؔ৺ͷ෼཭Λߦ͏ͱɺຊ౰ʹඞཁͳαʔϏεͷϩδοΫ (2) Λͦͷ··ʹɺ΄͔ͷ௿͍ؔ৺ࣄ (1,
3) ΛೖΕସ͑ͨΓɺ࢓༷ʹଈͨ͠ςετΛॻ͘͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
*4 https://blog.cleancoder.com/uncle-bob/2012/08/13/the-clean-architecture.html
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͜ͷྫͰ͸ɺೖྗπʔϧ͸ CLI ΍ Unity UI Ͱ΋͔·͍·ͤΜ͠ɺܭࢉ݁Ռͷอଘઌ͸ Google
Cloud Spanner Ͱ΋͔·͍·ͤΜɻؔ৺ͷ෼཭ʹΑͬͯαʔϏεͷن໛Λ֦େ͠΍͘͢ͳΔ͜ͱ͸ɺ
༰қʹ૝૾Ͱ͖Δͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ
ґଘੑͷϧʔϧ
ґଘੑͷϧʔϧͱ͍͏ͷ͸ɺϞδϡʔϧؒͰͷґଘؔ܎Λॏཁ౓ʹͦΖ͑Α͏ɺͱ͍͏͜ͱͰ͢ɻ
ઌఔͷྫͰݴ͑͹ɺೖྗπʔϧͷ࣮૷͕ 1 Λ଍͢ ͱ͍͏ϩδοΫͷ࣮૷ʹӨڹΛ༩͑Δ΂͖Ͱ͸
ͳ͍ɺͱ͍͏͜ͱʹͳΓ·͢ɻந৅౓Λ্͛ͯݴ͍௚ͤ͹ɺϏδωεϩδοΫ͸ɺϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ΍
֎෦ API ͷ࣮૷ʹৼΓճ͞Εͯ͸͍͚·ͤΜɻ
͜ͷϧʔϧ͸ɺϋʔυͳϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ (Ruby on Rails ΍ Django ɺSpring ) ͷΑ͏ͳɺXXX
ͷػೳ͸ A Ͱ࣮૷͢΂͠ ͱ͍͏ิॿπʔϧͱ͸૬ੑ͕Α͋͘Γ·ͤΜɻ࣮ࡍ Clean Architecture
Ͱ͸ɺϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛϞδϡʔϧͷґଘؔ܎తʹ࠷΋֎ଆʹ͋Δ΂͖Ϟδϡʔϧͱ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ
Clean Code
Clean Code ͱ͸͖Ε͍ͰಡΈ΍͍͢ίʔυΛॻͨ͘ΊͷنଇͰ͢ɻઌఔͷ Clean Architecture
͕ࢥ૝Ͱ͋Δͷʹରͯ͠ɺ Clean Code ͸ΑΓڧ੍ྗͷ͋ΔʮͲ͏͢Δ΂͖ʯ͕ଟࣔ͘͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ
͔͠͠ͳ͕Β໋໊نଇ΍ίʔυͷॻ͖ํͳͲ͸ݴޠ΍ύϥμΠϜʹΑͬͯେ͖͘ҟͳΔͨΊɺࢲ͸
͜ͷڲਖ਼ʹൺֱత൷൑తͳཱ৔Λऔ͍ͬͯ·͢ *5 ɻ
Αͬͯຊ߲໨Ͱ͸ɺClean Code ʹ͓͚Δ ԿΛҙࣝ͢Ε͹ίʔυ͕ಡΈ΍͘͢ͳΔ͔ Λ͍͔ͭ͘
঺հ͠·͢ɻ
໋໊ʹҙຯ͕͋Δ͜ͱ
୹ॖ໊΍ಉ྅ͷதͰ͔͠௨͡ͳ͍ಛघ༻ޠΛ༻͍ΔͱɺίʔυͷՄಡੑ͕Լ͕Γ·͢ɻ
ؔ਺ͷڽूੑɺ݁߹ੑ͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱ
Ұͭͷؔ਺ʹෳ਺ͷػೳ͕ݻ·ͬͯ͠·͏ͱɺςετ΍σόοάΛࠔ೉ʹ͠·͢ɻ·ͨಛఆͷؔ਺
ʹґଘͨؔ͠਺΍Ϟδϡʔϧ͸ɺҰ෦ͷ΄͜ΖͼͰ༰қʹյΕͯ͠·͍·͢ɻ
ద੾ͳίϝϯτ͕͋Δ͜ͱ
*5 ͢΂ͯͷϓϩδΣΫτʹରͯ͠ A Ͱ͋Δ΂͖ɺͱ͍͏نଇ͸ద༻͢Δ͜ͱ͕೉͍͠Ͱ͢ɻಛʹۙ೥Ͱ͸ Web ։ൃ΍
αʔόαΠυ։ൃɺήʔϜ։ൃɺAI ։ൃͳͲɺߟ͑ํ΍धཁ͕·ͬͨ͘ҟͳΔ։ൃ͕͋ΔͨΊɺ൚༻తͳϓϩάϥϛϯ
άϧʔϧΛߟ͑Δ͜ͱ͸ࠔ೉Ͱ͋Δͱݴ͑·͢ɻ
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࣮૷ͷҙਤ͸࣮૷ίʔυͷΈͰ఻ΘΒͳ͍͜ͱ͕͋ΔͷͰɺίʔυ಺ͳ͍͠ίʔυ֎Ͱ࢓༷Λ৘ใ
ڞ༗͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻؒҧͬͯ΋ ςετ͕͋Δ͔Β࢓༷΍υΩϡϝϯτ͸͍Βͳ͍ ͳͲͱߟ͑
ͯ͸͍͚·ͤΜɻ
ςετίʔυ͕ॻ͖΍͍͢͜ͱ
ෳࡶͳґଘͷ͋Δؔ਺ͳͲ͸ɺςετίʔυ͕ॻ͖ʹ্͍͘ʹɺ࢓༷ͱͷ͢Γ߹Θ͕ͤࠔ೉ͱͳΔ
͜ͱ͕ଟ͍Ͱ͢ɻςετίʔυ͕ॻ͖΍͘͢ͳΔ͜ͱͰ࢓༷Λ֬ೝͰ͖ͨΓɺอकੑ΍ՄಡੑΛ্͛
ͨΓ͢Δ͜ͱ͕๬Ί·͢ɻ
Cloud Native
Cloud Native ͱ͸ɺίϯςφ΍Ϋϥ΢υϦιʔεΛ༻͍ͨɺো֐͔Βͷճ෮ྗɺΠϯϑϥ؅ཧͷ
༰қ͞ɺͦΕͧΕͷϦιʔεͷՄࢹੑͷ޲্ΛਤΔͨΊͷٕज़ɺ·ͨͦͷٕज़Λద༻ͨ͠αʔϏεΛ
ࢦ͠·͢ɻCloud Native ͸ɺࠓ·Ͱͷࢥ૝΍نଇɺͱ͍͏ΑΓ͔͸ɺ݁Ռʹॏ͖͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
ผͷݴ͍ํΛ͢Ε͹ɺCloud Native Ͱ͋ΔͨΊʹ͸ɺΫϥ΢υͳؾ࣋ͪʹͳΔඞཁ΋ɺGoogle
Cloud ্ʹ Docker ͳϚγϯΛ৐͚ͬΔඞཁ΋ͳ͍Ͱ͢ɻ࣮ࡍʹϦΫΤετͷ૿ݮʹରͯ͠αʔϏ
εϦιʔε͕εέʔϧͨ͠ͱ͍͏݁Ռ͕ॏཁࢹ͞Ε·͢ɻ
Ͱ͢ͷͰɺGoogle Cloud Engine ʹϞϊϦγοΫͳϚγϯΛ৐͚͔ͬͨΒ Cloud Native ʹͳΔ
Θ͚Ͱ͸ͳ͍Ͱ͢ɻ
͜͜·ͰΛಡΜͰͩͬͨ͘͞ํͷதʹ͸ɺClean Architecture ΍ Clean Code Λक͍ͬͯΕ͹ɺ
Cloud Native ΁ͷҠߦ͸؆୯ʹͳΔͱࢥΘΕΔํ΋͍Δ͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜɻ
͔͠͠ͳ͕Βɺ্ड़ͷ Clean ๭͸΄ͱΜͲͷέʔεͰ׬ᘳͰ͸ͳ͘ɺͦΕͧΕͰߦΘΕΔখ͞ͳ
ଥڠͷੵΈॏͶʹΑͬͯ Cloud Native ͕ࠔ೉ʹͳͬͯ͠·͏͜ͱ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
ͨͱ͑͹ɺҰൠʹσʔλϕʔεͱͷ΍ΓͱΓΛந৅Խ͢Δͷ͸೉͘͠ɺͲ͏ͯ͠΋Ϗδωεϩδο
ΫʹӨڹΛ༩͑ͯ͠·͏͜ͱ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ·ͨɺϋʔυͳϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ΍؆୯ͳϥΠϒϥϦΛར༻
ͨͨ͠ΊʹɺͦΕΒ΁ͷґଘ౓ͷߴ͍࣮૷Λߦͬͯ͠·͏͜ͱ΋ܦݧ͕͋Δͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ
͜ΕΒͷྫ͸ɺ࣮૷্࢓ํ͕ͳ͔ͬͨΓɺՄಡੑΛ޲্ͤ͞ΔͨΊʹඞཁͳख๏Ͱ͋Δͱݴ͑·͢
͕ɺCloud Native ΁ରԠͤ͞Δࡍʹੜ͡ΔΠϯϑϥͷҠߦͳͲʹ੬ऑʹͳΔ͜ͱ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
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ୈ 2 ষ ͖Ε͍ͳίʔυΛॻͨ͘Ίͷ 3 ͭͷ C ͱͦͷ૊Έ߹Θͤ 2.3 ͖Ε͍ͳίʔυͷ͸ͣͳͷʹ
2.3 ͖Ε͍ͳίʔυͷ͸ͣͳͷʹ
͜͜·Ͱɺ͖Ε͍ͳίʔυͷͨΊʹඞཁͳཁૉΛ͍͔ͭ͘঺հͯ͠དྷ·ͨ͠ɻ
ࢲ͸ຊ୊ͷݚमʹͯɺ͜ΕΒͷ஌ݟΛ΋ͱʹ͍͔ͭ͘ͷαʔϏε΍ࢼ࡞ͷ࣮૷Λߦ͍·ͨ͠ɻͦͷ
தͰɺ(΋ͪΖΜΘ͟ͱϛεΛى͜͢Α͏ͳ࣮૷Λͨ͠Θ͚Ͱ͸ͳ͍Ͱ͕͢) ͍͔࣮ͭ͘૷ʹ٧·Δ
෦෼͕͋Γ·ͨ͠ɻຊষͰ͸ɺͦΜͳ͖Ε͍ͳίʔυͷҰൠ࿦ͷΈͰ͸ղܾͰ͖ͦ͏ʹͳ͔ͬͨ෦෼
Λɺ۩ମతͳࣄҊͱͱ΋ʹ঺հ͍ͨ͠ͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ
ͳ͓ɺར༻ͨ͠ݴޠ͸ Clojure ͱݺ͹ΕΔ೔ຊਓ͸΄ͱΜͲ஌Βͳ͍ະ஌ͷݴޠͷͨΊɺৄ͍࣮͠
૷ͳͲʹ͍ͭͯ͸লུ͠·͢ɻ
ࣄҊ 1 : Transaction ͸ϏδωεϩδοΫ͔ʁ
ঢ়گ
༬ۚςʔϒϧ bank_accounts ʹ͍ͭͯɺϢʔβʔ Harry, Ron ؒͷૹۚ (remittance) Λߟ͑
·͢ɻ
1. Harry ͷ༬͔ۚΒ amount ԁࠩ͠Ҿ͘
2. Ron ͷ༬ۚΛ amount ԁ૿΍͢
͜ͷͱ͖ɺ্ͷ 1., 2. ͸ ACID ʹѻΘΕΔඞཁ͕͋ΓɺTransaction Λઃ͚Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
ࠓճ͸୯Ұσʔλϕʔεʹରͯ͠ͷ Transaction Ͱ͢ͷͰɺҰൠతͳϩοΫΛ༻͍ͨ Transaction
Λ࢖͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
Ұൠʹ Transaction ͸σʔλϕʔε΍σʔλϕʔεͷϥούϥΠϒϥϦʹґଘ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻͦͷ
ͨΊɺClean Architecture ͷཧ૝ͱͯ͠͸ɺ͜ͷґଘΛϩδοΫͷ֎෦΁ԡ͠ग़͓͖͍ͯͨ͠ͱߟ͑
·͢ɻ
͔͠͠ͳ͕Βɺ࣮༻ͱͯ͠τϥϯβΫγϣϯ಺ͷॲཧࣗମ͸ϩδοΫ಺ͰฤूͰ͖ͨ΄͏͕֦
ுੑ͕ߴ͍ͷ΋ࣄ࣮Ͱ͢ɻͨͱ͑͹ɺ্͔࢘Βૹۚʹରͯ͠ख਺ྉΛऔΓ͍ͨͱݴΘΕͨͱ͖ɺ
Transaction ͷத਎͸ϏδωεϩδοΫͷதʹ͋ͬͨ΄͏͕ศར͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜɻ
ͯ͞ɺ͜͜Ͱ 1., 2. ͷ࣮૷͸ͲͷΑ͏ʹॻ͔ΕΔ΂͖Ͱ͠ΐ͏͔ʁ
Ϧετ 2.1: ༬ۚςʔϒϧͷ࣮૷
1: /* 001_bank_accounts.up.sql */
2:
3: CREATE TABLE bank_accounts (
4: user_uid VARCHAR(255) REFERENCES users(uid),
5: deposit bigint,
6: created_at TIMESTAMP default CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
7: updated_at TIMESTAMP,
8: is_active BOOLEAN NOT NULL default TRUE,
9: is_deleted BOOLEAN NOT NULL default FALSE
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10: );
࣮૷ྫ
ࠓճ͸γϯϓϧʹΦχΦϯͳΠϥετ ʮClean Architectureʯ Λࢀߟʹ࣍ͷΑ͏ʹ࣮૷͍ͯ͠·
͢ (Infrastructureɺೖग़ྗपΓͷ Interface ͸লུ)ɻͳ͓ɺ Clojure Ͱॻ͍͍ͯΔͷͰɺৄࡉΛল
͍͍ͯ·͢ɻ
Domain
Ϧετ 2.2: ./domain/bank-example.clj
1: (ns bank-example.domain.bank_account
2: (:require [clojure.spec.alpha :as s]
3: [bank_example.domain.user :as user-domain]))
4:
5: ;; deposit ͸ 0 Ҏ্ͷ਺ࣈͰ͋Δ ͱ͍͏࢓༷
6: (s/def ::deposit (s/and number? #(<= 0 %)))
7: (s/def ::created-at pos-int?)
8: (s/def ::updated-at pos-int?)
9: (s/def ::is-active boolean?)
10: (s/def ::is-deleted boolean?)
11:
12: ;; bank_account ͸
13: ;; uid, deposit, created-at, updated-at, is-active, is-deleted Ͱߏ੒͞ΕΔͱ͍͏࢓༷
14: (s/def ::bank_account
15: (s/keys :req-un
16: [::user-domain/uid ::deposit
17: ::created-at ::updated-at
18: ::is-active ::is-deleted]))
Usecase
ΤϥʔϋϯυϦϯάपΓ͸লུ
Ϧετ 2.3: ./usecase/remittance-post
1: (ns bank-example.usecase.remittance-post)
2:
3: ;; ৄࡉ͸লུ
4: (defn check-user
5: "Ϣʔβ͕ਖ਼͍͔͠νΣοΫ͢Δ"
6: [{:keys [input-model db]}]
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7: ;; ৄࡉ͸লུ
8: )
9:
10: (defn check-accounts
11: "ޱ࠲͕༗ޮͰ͋Δ͔νΣοΫ͢Δ"
12: [{:keys [sender receiver db]}]
13: ;; ৄࡉ͸লུ
14: )
15:
16: (defn transfer-deposit
17: "sender ͱ receiver ͷ༬ۚΛ΍ΓऔΓ͢Δ"
18: [{:keys [input-model sender receiver db]}]
19: ;; ͜͜ʹ transaction ॲཧΛॻ͘΂͖ʁ
20: )
21:
22: (defn ->output-model
23: "ग़ྗͷϞσϧΛ࡞Δ"
24: [{:keys [result]}]
25: ;; ৄࡉ͸লུ
26: )
27:
28: (defn post-remittance
29: "ଏʹݴ͏ϝΠϯؔ਺"
30: [input-model db]
31: (->
32: {:input-model input-model
33: :db db}
34: check-user
35: check-accounts
36: transfer-deposit
37: ->output-model))
Interface
Ϧετ 2.4: ./interface/gateway/database/bank_account_repository.clj
1: (ns bank-example.interface.gateway.database.bank-account-repository)
2:
3: ;; defprotocol ͸͍ΘΏΔΠϯλʔϑΣʔε
4: (defprotocol BankAccount
5: ;; transaction Λ࢖Θͳ͍ํ๏
6: (transfer [db sender-uid receiver-uid amount])
7:
8: ;; transaction Λ֎෦΁ు͖ग़͢΍Γํ
9: ;; -> transaction Ͱॲཧ͢ΔͳΒ͹ɺ4ͭΊͷҾ਺ʹ transaction ΦϒδΣΫτΛ౉͢
10: (get-transaction [db options])
11: (credit [db user-uid amount transaction?])
12: (deposit [db user-uid amount transaction?]))
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ͦΕͧΕͷҙݟ
˙ཱ৔ A: Transaction ͸ϏδωεϩδοΫͰ͋Δ ɹɹɹɹɹɹ
ૹۚϓϩηε͸ɺ
• ૹۚऀ͔Β༬ۚΛҾ͘
• डۚऀ͕༬ۚΛड͚औΔ
ͷ̎ͭʹ෼ׂͰ͖·͢ɻ
ͦͷͨΊ Usecase ಺ͷίʔυͷڽूੑΛԼ͛ΔͷͰ͋Ε͹ɺ෼ׂ͢Δͷ͕ཧʹ͔ͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ
͔͠͠ Transaction ͷ࣮૷͸σʔλϕʔεͷ࣮૷ʹґଘ͢Δέʔε͕ଟ͘ *6 ɺClean Architecture
ͷؔ৺ͷ෼཭Λద੾ʹߦ͑ͳ͍Մೳੑ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
˙ཱ৔ B: Transaction ͸ϏδωεϩδοΫͰ͸ͳ͍ ɹɹɹɹɹ
Transaction ͸ ACID ʹѻΘΕΔ΂͖ॲཧͰ͢ͷͰɺ͜Ε͸୯Ұͷॲཧͱͯ͠ѻͬͯྑ͍ɺͱߟ͑
Δཱ৔Ͱ͢ɻ͜ͷཱ৔Ͱ͸ૹۚॲཧ͸ Interface ಺Ͱந৅Խ͞Ε্ͨͰɺUsecase Ͱݺͼग़͞Ε·͢ɻ
͜ͷ࣮૷ํ๏Ͱ͸ɺ ෭࡞༻ ɺͱ͍͏؍఺͔Β Usecase ͕༏Ε࣮ͨ૷ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ෭࡞༻ͱ͸ɺ
I/O ॲཧɺTransaction ॲཧͳͲɺ಺෦ʹঢ়ଶΛ࣋ͪɺͦͷঢ়ଶΛมԽͤ͞ΔॲཧΛࢦ͠·͢ *7 ɻ
Ұൠʹ෭࡞༻ͷͳ͍ॲཧ͸ɺಉ͡ೖྗΛ༩͑Ε͹ඞͣಉ͡ग़ྗ͕ಘΒΕΔ͜ͱ͕อূ͞ΕΔͨΊɺς
ετͷ࣮૷͕༰қͰ͢ɻ
·ͨτϥϯβΫγϣϯॲཧΛ Interface ಺ʹམͱ͠ࠐΜͩ͜ͱͰɺཱ৔ A ʹൺ΂ͯɺUsecase ʹ
͓͚Δσʔλϕʔεͷ࣮૷ґଘ౓ΛݮΒ͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
͔͠͠৽نػೳͷ௥Ճʹࡍͯ͠ɺUsecase ͱ Interface ͷ࣮૷Λ྆ํมߋ͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍έʔ
ε͕૿͑Δ͜ͱ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
˙ཱ৔ C: Transaction ͸ಠཱͨ͠ϨΠϠͱͯ͠ந৅Խ͞Ε্ͨͰར༻͞ΕΔ΂͖Ͱ͋Δ ɹɹɹɹ
ɹ
ཱ৔ Aɺ B ͷதؒ఺Λ୳Δ΋ͷͰ͢ɻ
ͨͱ͑͹ Transaction Λߦ͏ॲཧΛ Service ͱͯ͠ Repository (Interface) ͱ Usecase ͷؒʹڬ
Ήख๏͕ߟ͑ΒΕ·͢ɻ͜ͷϨΠϠΛڬΉ͜ͱͰɺ Usecase ಺Ͱ͸ Clean Code Λɺ Service ಺Ͱ
෭࡞༻ϚγϚγͳίʔυΛॻ͘ɺͱ͍͏Θ͚Ͱ͢ɻ
͜ͷ࣮૷ํ਑ͷܽ఺͸ɺ࣮૷ίετ͕ߴ͘ͳΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δ఺ɺTransaction Λ࢖Θͳ͍ॲཧΛ
Repository ͔Βݺͼग़ͨ͠ࡍʹґଘؔ܎͕Ԛ͘ͳΔ఺Ͱ͢ɻ
*6 ҰԠ Java Ͱ͋Ε͹ JDBC ͱ͍͏υϥΠό͕ଟ͘ͷσʔλϕʔεͷϥούͱͯ͠ػೳ͠·͢ɻ͔͠͠ JDBC ͷα
ϙʔτ֎Ͱ͋Δέʔε΍ɺผͷυϥΠόʹ࣮૷Λม͍͑ͨέʔεͰ͸ɺཱ৔ A ͸࠷ྑͱ͸ݴ͍ͮΒ͍Ͱ͢ɻ
*7 ݫີͳ෭࡞༻ͷఆٛ͸ Land of Lisp (ISBN-13:978-4873115870) ΍ɺ Haskell ͷυΩϡϝϯτΛࢀর͍ͩ͘͞ɻ
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ਤ 2.2: ཱ৔ C ʹ͓͚Δґଘؔ܎άϥϑͷมԽ
࠾୒࣮ͨ͠૷ํ਑ͱͦͷબఆཧ༝
ཱ৔ B Λ࠾༻࣮͠૷͠·ͨ͠ɻཧ༝͸̏ͭ͋Γ·͢ɻ
• Clojure (Lisp) ͸ؔ਺ܕݴޠϕʔεͳͨΊɺ෭࡞༻ʹݫ͍͠จԽ͕͋Δ
͜͜Ͱ༻͍Δؔ਺ͱ͸ y = f(x) ͕ৗʹ੒ཱ͢ΔΑ͏ͳ f Λࢦ͠·͢ɻ಺෦ঢ়ଶΛ࣋ͨͳ͍͜ͱΛ
ݪଇͱ͢Δؔ਺ʹରͯ͠ɺTransaction ͸΍΍ෆద੾ͳߏ੒ཁૉͰ͢ɻ
ରͯ͠ɺGolang ΍ PythonɺRuby ͳͲଟ͘ͷϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠͰ͸ɺσʔλͷഁյతมߋ΍
಺෦ঢ়ଶͷอ͕࣋ৗࣝͰ͋ΔͨΊɺ͜ͷཧ༝Λߟྀ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·ͤΜɻ
• Cloud Spannerɺ Cloud SQL Ͱ next.jdbc ͕࢖͑Δ
ࠓճ Cloud Native ͷͨΊʹೖΕସ͑Δ SQL σʔλϕʔεͷީิͱͯ͠ɺGoogle Cloud Spannerɺ
Cloud SQL Λ૝ఆ͍ͯ͠·ͨ͠ɻՃ͑ͯɺࠓճ͸ SQL ϥούϥΠϒϥϦʹɺ্ड़ͨ͠σʔλϕʔ
εͷ࣮ߦΛαϙʔτ͢Δ next.jdbc ͱ͍͏ϥΠϒϥϦΛར༻͠·ͨ͠ɻΑͬͯɺཱ৔ C ΄Ͳஸೡ
ʹ Transaction Λ੾Γग़ͣ͞ͱ΋ Repository ಺෦ͰղܾͰ͖Δͱߟ͑·ͨ͠ɻ
ରͯ͠ɺࣗ࡞ͷσʔλϕʔεͷར༻Λ૝ఆ͍ͯ͠ΔέʔεͰ͸ ཱ৔ B ΑΓ΋ ཱ৔ C ͷํ͕ద੾
Ͱ͋ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
·ͨɺଞݴޠɺϥΠϒϥϦΛ༻͍ΔέʔεͰ΋ɺকདྷతʹͲͷσʔλϕʔεΛ࢖͏ͷ͔ɺͦΕΒͷ
σʔλϕʔε͕ར༻ՄೳͰ͋Δ͔Λߟྀ͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΓ·ͤΜɻ
• Interface ಺෦Ͱ Transaction पΓͷΫΤϦ࠷దԽΛߦ͍͍ͨ
O/RM ͳͲଟ͘ͷΞϯν SQL ͳπʔϧΛ࢖ͬͨଟ͘ͷέʔεͰɺΫΤϦॲཧͷ࠷దԽ͕ࠔ೉Ͱ͋
Δ͜ͱ͕஌ΒΕ͍ͯ·͢ɻͨͱ͑͹ N + 1 ໰୊ͳͲ͸ɺSQL ͱͯ͠ JOIN ۟Λ௚઀ॻ͘͜ͱ͕Ͱ
͖Ε͹ (΄ͱΜͲͷέʔεͰ) ղܾ͠·͢ɻࠓճ͸Ϋϥ΢υ΁σϓϩΠ͢Δʹ͋ͨΓɺ՝ۚྉۚΛέ
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νΓ͍ͨͨΊʹɺInterface ಺ͰΑΓ௿ϨΠϠͳ࣮૷Λߦ͏ͱ͍͏ํ਑ΛऔΓ·ͨ͠ɻ
ରͯ͠ɺϓϩδΣΫτن໛͕େ͖͘ͳΔ͜ͱ͕༧ଌͰ͖ɺۚમతͳϦιʔε͕े෼ʹ֬อͰ͖Δ৔
߹Ͱ͸ɺ Interface ಺෦Ͱੜʹ͍ۙ SQL จΛൃߦ͢Δ͜ͱ͸ɺอकੑ΍֦ுੑͷ໘͔Β͓קΊͰ͖
·ͤΜɻ
ৼΓฦΓ: खଓ͖తϓϩηε͔ɺΞϯν෭࡞༻͔
ຊ࣮૷ʹ͋ͨΓɺ (ઌྫ͕গͳ͔ͬͨͷͰ) Golangɺ C#ɺ Java ͱ͍ͬͨ Clean Architecture ͷ
࣮૷ྫΛൺֱ࣮ͭͭ͠૷Λߦ͍·ͨ͠ɻ
ͨͱ͑͹ɺGolang Ͱ Usecase Λ࣮૷͢Δͱɺ࣍ͷΑ͏ͳܗʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 2.5: usecase/remittance.go
1: type RemittanceInputPort interface {
2: Execute(context.Context, *model.Remittance) error
3: }
4:
5: type RemittanceInteractor struct {
6: UserRepository repository.UserRepository
7: AccountRepository repository.AccountRepository
8: }
9:
10: func NewRemittanceUsecase(
11: userRepository repository.User,
12: accountRepository repository.Account,
13: ) RemittanceInputPort {
14: return &RemittanceInteractor{
15: UserRepository: usersRepository,
16: AccountRepository: accountRepository,
17: }
18: }
19:
20: func (i *RemittanceInteractor) Execute(
21: ctx context.Context, remittance *model.Remittance) error {
22:
23: // Ϣʔβʔ͕ਖ਼͍͔͠νΣοΫ͢Δ
24: sender, err := i.UserRepository.FindActiveUserByUserID(ctx, remittance.sender)
25: if err != nil {
26: return err
27: }
28: receiver, err := i.UserRepository.FindActiveUserByUserID(
29: ctx, remittance.receiver)
30: if err != nil {
31: return err
32: }
33: // ޱ࠲͕༗ޮͰ͋Δ͔νΣοΫ͢Δ
34: if _, err := i.AccountRepository.FindAccountByUser(ctx, sender); err != nil {
35: return err
36: }
37:
38: if _, err := i.AccountRepository.FindAccountByUser(ctx, receiver); err != nil {
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39: return err
40: }
41:
42: // sender ͱ receiver ͷ༬ۚΛ΍ΓऔΓ͢Δ
43: err = i.AccountRepository.Transaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
44: if err := i.AccountRepository.UpdateDeposit(
45: ctx, sender, receiver, -1*remittance.amount); err != nil {
46: return err
47: }
48: if err := i.AccountRepository.UpdateDeposit(
49: ctx, receiver, sender, remitance.amount); err != nil {
50: return err
51: }
52: return nil
53: })
54: if err != nil {
55: return err
56: }
57: return nil
58: }
ಛʹ Golang ͷΑ͏ͳखଓ͖తͳهड़Λಘҙͱ͢ΔݴޠΛ༻͍ͯهड़͢Δ৔߹ɺ্هͷΑ͏ʹ
Usecase ಺ʹ Transaction Λॻ͍ͯ͠·ͬͯ΋ϓϩάϥϜͷྲྀΕ͸͖Ε͍ʹݟΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
·ͨɺ్தͰ return จΛॻ͘͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔͨΊɺ৑௕ͳ if ෼ذ͕ෆཁͱͳΓɺωετͷઙ͍ίʔ
υ͕ॻ͚·͢ɻ
ͦ΋ͦ΋എܠͱͯ͠ɺMVC ΞʔΩςΫνϟΛ༻͍ͯϓϩάϥϜΛॻ͍͖ٕͯͨज़ऀ͔Β͢Ε͹ɺ
Usecase ಺Ͱ O/RM Λհͯ͠ deposit.save *8 ͳͲͱॻ͘͜ͱ͕೔ৗ஡൧ࣄͱݴͬͯ΋͔·Θͳ
͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏ɻ
ରͯ͠ Clojure Λ͸͡Ίͱ͢Δؔ਺ܕݴޠ͸ɺϏδωεϩδοΫͱͯ͠෭࡞༻ͷ͋ΔػೳΛߟ͑ͨ
͘ͳ͍ɺͱ͍͏ಛ௃Λ͍࣋ͬͯ·͢ɻͨͱ͑͹ Common Lisp ͷೖ໳ॻͰ͋Δ Land of Lisp *9 Ͱ
͸ɺ෭࡞༻ͷ͋Δཁૉͱ෭࡞༻ͷͳ͍ཁૉΛؔ਺୯ҐͰ໌֬ʹ෼཭͠ɺ෭࡞༻ͷ͋Δ෦෼Λੵۃతʹ
ഉআ͢Δ࢟੎Λ؏͍͍ͯ·͢ɻ·ͨॻ੶ʮςετۦಈ։ൃʯ *10 ʹ͓͍ͯ΋ɺίʔυͷՄಡੑ޲্ͷ
ͨΊɺϩδοΫͷؔ਺ʹ͍ͭͯɺ෭࡞༻ͷ͋Δؔ਺͔Β෭࡞༻ͷͳ͍ؔ਺΁ͷϦϑΝΫλϦϯάΛק
Ί͍ͯ·͢ɻ
*11
Ҏ্ΑΓɺͦΕͧΕͷ։ൃऀͷഎܠʹΑͬͯɺϏδωεϩδοΫ΍෭࡞༻΁ͷཧղɺղऍ͕ҟͳͬ
͍ͯΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δͱݴ͑·͢ɻ
ͭ·Γ෭࡞༻ʹ͍ͭͯߟ͑Δͱ͖ɺClean Architecture ͷϕʔεΞΠσΞͰ͋Δɺ ґଘੑͷϧʔ
*8 Ruby on Rails ͸ಛʹ O/RM Λੵۃతʹ׆༻ͨ͠ີ݁߹ͳϓϩάϥϜΛॻ͘͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
*9 Conrad Barski, M.D.(ஶ), ઒ ߹ ࢙ ࿕ (༁) "Land Of Lisp". O’Reily 2013, ISBN-13:978-4873115870,
https://www.oreilly.co.jp/books/9784873115870/
*10 Kent Beck(ஶ), ࿨ ా ୎ ਓ (༁) "ς ε τ ۦ ಈ ։ ൃ". Φ ʔ Ϝ ࣾ 2017, ISBN-13:978-4274217883,
https://shop.ohmsha.co.jp/shopdetail/000000004967/
*11 ຊߘΛॻ͍ͨਓ͸ɺςετίʔυΛॻͨ͘ΊʹϓϩδΣΫτΛڲਖ਼͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δͱ·Ͱ͸ݴ͍·ͤΜɻ
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ϧΛकΔ͜ͱ͕ग़དྷͳ͍Θ͚Ͱ͢ *12ɻ
ࣄҊ 2 : (Local) Docker-composed αʔϏε ͔Β Google Cloud Platform ͳ
αʔϏε΁
ঢ়گ
؆қతͳը૾౤ߘػೳΛ࣋ͭαʔϏεΛߟ͑·͢ɻ
ࠓ·Ͱ docker-compose Λ༻͍ͯ App αʔόɺSQL αʔόɺLocal File Storage Λ؅ཧ͠ɺγϯ
άϧϚγϯ্Ͱಈ͘ API αʔόΛཱ͍ͯͯ·ͨ͠ɻ
͜ΕΛɺҎԼͷΑ͏ʹҠߦ͍ͨ͠ͱߟ͑·͢ɻ
• App αʔό ˠ Google Cloud Run
• SQL αʔό ˠ Cloud SQL
• Local File Storage ˠ Cloud Storage
App αʔόΛॻ͍ͨਓ͸ Clean Architecture ΛษڧதͰɺը૾ʹ͍ͭͯ࣍ͷΑ͏ͳ Domain Λ
ઃܭ͠·ͨ͠ɻ
Ϧετ 2.6: domain/topic.go
1: (s/def ::title string?)
2: (s/def ::caption string?)
3: ;; ! ը૾͸ java.io.File ͷΠϯελϯεͰ͋Δ
4: (s/def ::image #(instance? java.io.File %))
5:
6: (s/def ::image-creation-payload (s/keys :req-un [::title ::caption ::image]))
͜ͷͱ͖ɺCloud ΁Ҡߦ͢Δࡍʹൃੜ͠͏Δ໰୊Λߟ͑ͯΈ͍ͯͩ͘͞ɻ݁࿦͔Βݴ͏ͱɺίϝϯ
τʹॻ͔Ε͍ͯΔΑ͏ʹɺ ::image ͷ࢓༷͕໰୊ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
*12 ͡Ό͋ͲͪΒ͕ਖ਼ٛͳͷ͔ɺͳͲͱՐʹ༉Λ஫͙Α͏ͳਅࣅ͸ɺࠓճ͸ѻ͍·ͤΜɻ೩͑ͨ͘ͳ͍ͷͰ
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ਤ 2.3: ࠓ·ͰͷΞʔΩςΫνϟ
ਤ 2.4: ҠߦઌͷΞʔΩςΫνϟ
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Infrastructure ґଘͳ Domain
લఏ஌ࣝͱͯ͠ɺ java.io.File ͸ύε໊Λද͢ URL ͕ඞཁͰ͢ɻͦͷͨΊɺϩʔΧϧϑΝΠϧ
ετϨʔδ΍ɺϚ΢ϯτͨ͠ετϨʔδͳͲɺύε໊Λ֫ಘͰ͖ΔϑΝΠϧʹ͍ͭͯར༻Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
ͱ͜ΖͰɺGoogle Cloud Storage ͷ Java API Ͱ͸ɺ Cloud Storage ্ͷϑΝΠϧΛऔಘ͢Δ
ͱɺ java.io.InputStream ͷΦϒδΣΫτΛฦ͠·͢ɻ
java.io.InputStream ͷΦϒδΣΫτ͸ɺ java.io.File ΁Ҡ͢͜ͱ΋Ͱ͖·͕͢ɺͦ͏͢Δ
ͨΊʹ͸Ұ౓ϩʔΧϧ΁ॻ͖ग़͞ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͣɺख͕͔͔ؒΓ·͢͠ɺ࡟আλΠϛϯάͳͲͷ੍ޚ
͕೉͘͠ͳΓ·͢ɻ
·ͨɺ HTTP Response ͱͯ͠ը૾ϑΝΠϧΛు͖ग़͢ Interface Ͱ͸ɺϑΝΠϧΛ java.io.I
nputStream ΦϒδΣΫτͱͯ͠ѻ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ
Αͬͯ͜ͷࣄҊͰ͸ɺ Domain ͷ ::image ͷ࢓༷Λɺ (s/def ::image #(instance? java.
io.InputStream %) ͱͨ͠΄͏͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δͱݴ͑·͢ɻ
ਤ 2.5: ࠓ·ͰͷϑΝΠϧͷѻ͍
ਤ 2.6: ҠߦઌͷϑΝΠϧͷѻ͍
ৼΓฦΓ: ෭࡞༻ͱςετɺͦͯ͠ ଥڠత Clean Architecture
ͯ͞ɺ͜͜··Ͱ Infrastructure ʹΑͬͯ Domain Λมߋ͢Δͱ͍͏ Clean Architecture ʹ͋
Δ·͖͡ઃܭมߋ͖ͯ͠·ͨ͠ɻ
͔͠͠ɺຊࣄҊͰ͸ɺҠߦʹࡍͯ͠ Usecase ͸มߋΛ໔Εɺςετͷมߋ΋ܰඍͰࡁΈ·ͨ͠ɻ͜
Ε͸ɺ Usecase ʹ ෭࡞༻Λؚ·ͤͳ͍ͱ͍͏ɺ Lisp ͷओٛʹैͬͨͨΊͰ͢ɻ΋͠ Usecase ಺෦
Ͱ java.io.File ͱ java.io.InputStream ͷΩϟετΛߦ͍ͬͯͨ৔߹ɺ Usecase ͷςετΛ
େ෯ʹॻ͖௚͢ඞཁ͕͋ͬͨͰ͠ΐ͏ɻ͜ͷΑ͏ʹϏδωεϩδοΫ͔Β෭࡞༻Λഉআ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺ
ςετΛͦͷ··ʹৄࡉͳ࣮૷Λमਖ਼Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
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ୈ 2 ষ ͖Ε͍ͳίʔυΛॻͨ͘Ίͷ 3 ͭͷ C ͱͦͷ૊Έ߹Θͤ 2.4 ͓ΘΓʹ
࿩Λ໭ͯ͠ɺࠓճ͸ετϨʔδͷબ୒ࢶΛ Local File Storage ͱ Cloud Storage ʹߜΔ͜ͱͰɺ
࣮૷ͷํ਑ΛఆΊ·ͨ͠ɻͪ͜Β΋ɺ Clean Architecture ͷ ґଘੑͷϧʔϧΛकΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖͍ͯ
·ͤΜɻ
࣮༻্ɺཧ૝తͳίʔυ͸ඞͣॻ͚ΔΘ͚Ͱ͸ͳ͍ͷͰɺͲ͏ͯ͠΋͜ͷΑ͏ͳଥڠΛߦ͏ඞཁ͕
͋Γ·͢ɻ͜͜Ͱେࣄͳͷ͸ɺଥڠͨ͠ͱ͖ͷӨڹൣғͷ༧ଌΛ͢Δ͜ͱͰ͢ɻͨͱ͑͹ࠓճͷέʔ
εͰ͸ɺઌʹ Cloud Storage ͷϑΝΠϧ΍ΓͱΓΛษڧͰ͖͍ͯΕ͹ɺઌʹ Domain ͷ࣮૷Λݟ௚
͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·ͨ͠ɻ
ຊࣄҊ͔Βɺ࠷ॳʹ׬ᘳͳ࣮૷ΛٻΊΔΑΓ΋ɺॊೈͳมߋ͕Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ͳ࣮૷Λߦ͍ɺϦϑΝΫ
λϦϯάΛ͢Δश׳Λ͚ͭΔ΂͖ͩͱݴ͑ΔͰ͠ΐ͏ɻ
2.4 ͓ΘΓʹ
͜͜·Ͱɺ Clean ArchitectureɺClean CodeɺCloud Native Λ೦಄ʹ ( Clojure Ͱ ) ϓϩδΣΫ
τΛॻ͍ͯΈͨΒ͜ΜͳࣄҊ͕͋Γɺ͜Μͳ஌ݟ͕ಘΒΕ·ͨ͠ΑɺΛ঺հ͍͖ͤͯͨͩ͞·ͨ͠ɻ
લ൒ͷ஌ࣝ෦෼͸ࠓޙ΋Έͳ͞Μ͕͓෇͖߹͍͍ͯ͘͜͠ͱͱ͸ࢥ͍·͕͢ɺ͓ͦΒ͘ Clojure Λ
ݟΔ͜ͱ͸ۚྠࡍͳ͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏ɻͰ͸ͳΜͰΘ͟Θ͟ Clojure Λબ୒͔ͨ͠ͱ͍͏ͱɺଟ֯తʹαʔ
Ϗε։ൃͷߟ͑ํΛٵऩ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺࣗ෼ͷؔΘ͍ͬͯΔϓϩδΣΫτΛ࠶ߟ͢ΔҰॿʹͳΔ͔΋͠
Εͳ͍ɺͱߟ͑ͨͨΊͰ͢ɻ
ͨͱ͑͹ Clean Architecture ͸ɺݴޠ΍ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛ֎෦ཁҼͱͯ͠ϏδωεϩδοΫͷ֎
ଆʹͱΒ͍͑ͯ·͢ɻಛఆͷݴޠ΍ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ্Ͱ։ൃख๏ΛࡲΔͷ΋ྑ͍Ͱ͕͢ɺଟݴޠͷ࣮
૷΍ߟ͑ํͱൺֱ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺ࣮͸ඞཁͳ͔ͬͨґଘؔ܎΍ར༻͍ͯ͠ΔπʔϧͷڧΈ͕ݟ͑ͯ͘Δ
͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜɻ
͜ͷػձʹɺͦΕͧΕͷϓϩδΣΫτ͕ؔΘ͍ͬͯΔϓϩδΣΫτΛߴ͍ࢹ఺͔ΒݟͭΊ௚ͯ͠Έ
ͯ͸͍͔͕Ͱ͠ΐ͏͔ɻ
2.5 ͋ͱ͕͖: ͦͷίʔυɺΫϦʔϯͳඞཁ͕͋Γ·͔͢ʁ
஫ҙ: ຊষ͸׬શʹ༨ஊͰ͢ɻ
ࠓ·Ͱ Clean Architecture ΍ Clean Codeɺ Cloud Native ͳͲͷ៉ྷࣄΛ঺հ͖ͯ͠·͕ͨ͠ɺ
͜ΕΒ͸͋͘·Ͱ ៉ྷʹॻ͚ΔݟࠐΈͷ͋ΔϓϩδΣΫτ ʹͷΈద༻͕ՄೳͰ͢ɻͨͱ͑͹ɺػց
ֶशͰ GPU ΛϞϦϞϦ࢖͏Α͏ͳίʔυʹ Clean Architecture ΍ Cloud Native Λڧ੍͢Δඞཁ
͸͋Γ·ͤΜ (API ͱͯ͠៉ྷʹ੔͑Δͷ͸ͦͷ֎ଆʹҕ೚͢Δ΂͖Ͱ͢) ɻ
·ͨαʔόϦιʔεΛ͢΂ͯ WebSocket ΍ HLS ʹ࢖͍͍ͨϓϩδΣΫτʹςετ༰қੑͱ͍ͬ
ͯ෭࡞༻Λল͍ۭͨؒܭࢉྔ͕͋Γ͑ΜͰ͔͍ίʔυΛॻ͘΂͖Ͱ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻ
നՏͰਫ༡ͼ͢Δ͜ͱͱɺటপʹనΕΔ͜ͱ͸ɺͲͪΒ΋ϓϩμΫτ։ൃͰ͸ඞཁʹͳͬͯ͘Δ͜
ͱͩͱࢥΘΕ·͢ͷͰɺαʔϏεͷ੾Γ෼͚Λͯͦ͠ΕͧΕʹద੾ͳ։ൃํ਑Λద༻͍ͯ͘͠ඞཁ͕
͋ΔͰ͠ΐ͏ɻ
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ୈ 3 ষ
Web Components ͷجૅͱ։ൃ࣌ͷ
ઃܭߟ࡯
Web Components ͱ͸ɺJavaScript ΍ HTML Ͱ৽͘͠ΧελϜλάΛఆٛ͠࠶ར༻Մೳͳ UI
ίϯϙʔωϯτΛߏஙͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ API ܈ͷ૯শͰ͢ɻWeb ͷඪ४ API ͷΈΛ࢖ͬͯ UI
ίϯϙʔωϯτΛߏஙͰ͖ΔͷͰ͕͢ɺϞμϯϒϥ΢βͷରԠঢ়گ͕௕Β͘੔ΘͣɺPolyﬁll Λ
࢖༻͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·ͨ͠ɻ͔͠͠ɺEdge ͷϨϯμϦϯάΤϯδϯ͕ chromium ϕʔεʹͳΓɺ
InternetExplorer ͕ഇࢭ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͕Ξφ΢ϯε͞ΕͨͷͰɺ͍Α͍Αຊ֨తʹ࢖͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔΑ
͏ʹͳ͖ͬͯ·ͨ͠ɻຊষͰ͸ɺWeb Components Λ࢖͏͜ͱʹΑΔϝϦοτ΍ɺWeb ΞϓϦΛߏ
ங͢Δࡍͷઃܭʹ͍ͭͯͷߟ࡯Λ঺հ͠·͢ɻ
3.1 Web Components ͷجૅ
Web Components ͸̏ͭͷ Web ඪ४ API ʹΑ࣮ͬͯݱ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ
ʢ΋ͱ΋ͱ͸̐ͭʣ
custom elements
ಠࣗͷ HTML λάΛ࡞੒Ͱ͖Δ΋ͷɻ
shadow dom
shadow dom tree ͱ͍͏ಠࣗͷ DOM πϦʔΛੜ੒͠ɺ಺෦ߏ଄ΛӅณͰ͖·͢ɻEle-
ment.attachShadow() ϝιουΛ࢖ͬͯΧελϜཁૉʹ shadow dom Λඥ෇͚Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖
·͢ɻ
HTML templates
λάͱλάʹΑͬͯߏ੒͞Ε͓ͯΓɺ͸ϚʔΫΞοϓߏ଄Λςϯ
ϓϨʔτԽΛՄೳʹ͠ɺ͸೚ҙͷࢠཁૉΛૠೖ͢Δ৔ॴΛએݴͰ͖Δ໾ׂΛ୲͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ
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ୈ 3 ষ Web Components ͷجૅͱ։ൃ࣌ͷઃܭߟ࡯ 3.1 Web Components ͷجૅ
HTML imports
Ϟδϡʔϧͱͯ͠ html ΛಈతʹΠϯϙʔτͰ͖Δػೳɻ͔͠͠ɺωοτϫʔΫύϑΥʔϚϯεత
ͳ໰୊͔Βɺݱࡏ͸ഇࢭ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ
Web Components ͕΋ͨΒ͢ϝϦοτͱैདྷͷ Web ϑϩϯτ։ൃͷҧ͍
Web ΞϓϦͳͲΛߏங͢Δࡍʹ࢖ΘΕΔ UI ϥΠϒϥϦ͸ React ΍ Vue ͳͲ͕Α͘࢖ΘΕΔ͔
ͱࢥ͍·͢ɻWeb Components Ͱ΋͜ΕΒͷίϯϙʔωϯτࢦ޲ͷ UI ϥΠϒϥϦͱಉ༷ʹϥΠϑ
αΠΫϧ͕ଘࡏ͠ɺUI ΍ͦΕʹ෇ਵ͢ΔॲཧΛίϯϙʔωϯτͱͯ͠ڞ௨ԽͰ͖·͢ɻ·ͨɺWeb
Components ͸جຊతʹ Web ͷඪ४ API ͷΈΛ࢖ͬͯߏங͞ΕΔͷͰɺUI ͸ Web Components
Ͱ࡞ΓɺReact ΍ Vue Ͱ࡞ΒΕͨϓϩδΣΫτʹ૊ΈࠐΉΑ͏ͳϋΠϒϦοτͳ։ൃ΋ՄೳͰ͢ɻ
UI Λ Web Components Ͱ࡞ΔϝϦοτͱͯ͠͸ɺ࠶ར༻ੑͱελΠϧ؅ཧͷ҆શੑ͕ڍ͛ΒΕ
·͢ɻ࠶ར༻ੑʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɺWeb Components ͸ར༻ʹτϥϯεύΠϧ͕ඞཁͳ UI ϥΠϒϥϦ
ͳͲʹґଘ͠ͳ͍ͷͰɺWeb ͷτϨϯυͷҠΓมΘΓʹࠨӈ͞Εͣӡ༻͠ଓ͚Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·
͢ɻCSS ʹΑΔελΠϦϯάʹ͍ͭͯ΋ɺࠓ·Ͱ class ໊ͷॏෳΛආ͚ΔͨΊʹ CSS Modules ΍
styled-components ͳͲͷ CSS in JS ͱ͍ٕͬͨज़ʹΑͬͯϋογϡ஋ΛׂΓ౰ͯͨΓͯ͠Ϣχʔ
Ϋͳ஋Λอূ͢ΔΑ͏ʹ͍ͯ͠·ͨ͠ɻWeb Components ʹؚ·ΕΔ shadow dom ͱ͍͏ٕज़ʹ
Αͬͯ Web Components ಺ͷ class ໊͸άϩʔόϧͳ஋Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɺϩʔΧϧʹ؅ཧ͞ΕΔ΋ͷʹͳ
Γ·͢ɻͭ·ΓɺWeb Components Ͱ͋Ε͹ UI ίϯϙʔωϯτ΍ class ໊ͷ໊લۭؒ؅ཧͷͨΊʹ
ϥΠϒϥϦΛ࢖Θͳͯ͘΋Α͘ͳΔՄೳੑ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ͜ΕʹΑͬͯɺϏϧυαΠζΛ཈͑ͯΦʔ
όʔϔουΛ͞Βʹখ͘͞Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
Ͱ͸ɺ࣮ࡍʹ Web Components ͱ͸ͲͷΑ͏ʹ࣮૷͢Δͷ͔Λݟ͍͖ͯ·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 3.1: CounterButton.ts
1: class CounterButton extends HTMLElement {
2: count = 0;
3:
4: static get observedAttributes() {
5: return ["label"]
6: }
7:
8: constructor() {
9: super();
10:
11: const shadow = this.attachShadow({mode: "open"});
12:
13: const button = document.createElement("button");
14: button.textContent = ‘
15: ${this.getAttribute("label")}: ${this.count}
16: ‘;
17:
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18: const style = document.createElement("style");
19: style.textContent = ‘
20: button {
21: color: red;
22: }
23: ‘;
24:
25: shadow.appendChild(button);
26: shadow.appendChild(style);
27:
28: console.log("ॳظԽ͞Ε·ͨ͠ɻ")
29: }
30:
31: onCount() {
32: this.count++;
33: this.updateButton(this);
34: new CustomEvent("oncount", this.count);
35: }
36:
37: updateButton(element) {
38: const shadow = element.shadowRoot;
39: shadow.querySelector("button").textContent = ‘
40: ${element.getAttribute("label")}: ${this.count}}
41: ‘;
42: }
43:
44: connectedCallback() {
45: console.log("counter-button element ͕Ϛ΢ϯτ͠·ͨ͠ɻ")
46: }
47:
48: disconnectedCallback() {
49: console.log("counter-button element ͕ΞϯϚ΢ϯτ͠·ͨ͠ɻ")
50: }
51:
52: adoptedCallback() {
53: console.log("counter-button element ͕ผϖʔδʹҠಈ͠·ͨ͠ɻ")
54: }
55:
56: attributeChangedCallback(name, oldValue, newValue) {
57: console.log(‘${name}ଐੑ͕${newValue}ʹมߋ͞Ε·ͨ͠ɻ‘)
58:
59: if (name === "label") {
60: const shadow = element.shadowRoot;
61: shadow.querySelector("button").textContent = ‘
62: ${element.getAttribute("label")}: ${this.count}}
63: ‘;
64: }
65: }
66: }
67:
68: customElements.define("counter-button", CounterButton);
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Web Components Ͱ͸͜ͷΑ͏ʹ Class ܕͷίϯϙʔωϯτΛఆٛ͠·͢ɻHTMLElement Λܧ
ঝ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺίϯϙʔωϯτ಺ͰϥΠϑαΠΫϧʹΞΫηεͰ͖·͢ɻίϯϙʔωϯτΛఆٛ͠
ͨΒ customElements.define ϝιουΛ࢖͏͜ͱͰ৽͘͠ΧελϜλάΛάϩʔόϧʹొ࿥Ͱ͖
·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 3.2: counter.html
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
8:
άϩʔόϧʹొ࿥ͨ͠ΧελϜλά͸ HTML ಺Ͱఆٛͨ͠ίϯϙʔωϯτΛؚΉ JS ϑΝΠϧΛ
import ͯ͠ඪ४ͷλάͱಉ͡Α͏ʹ࢖༻Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
ϥΠϑαΠΫϧ
ίϯϙʔωϯτ಺ͰΞΫηεͰ͖ΔϥΠϑαΠΫϧʹ͍ͭͯ঺հ͠·͢ɻ
connectedCallback
• ίϯϙʔωϯτ͕Ϛ΢ϯτͨ࣌͠ʹݺͼग़͞ΕΔϝιου
• eventListener Λൃߦ͢Δ࣌ͳͲʹ࢖͏
disconnectedCallback
• ίϯϙʔωϯτ͕ΞϯϚ΢ϯτ͞Εͨ࣌ʹݺͼग़͞ΕΔϝιου
• removeEventListener Λൃߦ͢Δ࣌ͳͲʹ࢖͏
adoptedCallback
• ίϯϙʔωϯτ͕ผͷϖʔδʹҠಈͨ࣌͠ʹݺͼग़͞ΕΔϝιου
attributeChangedCallback
• html ଐੑͷೖྗ஋͕ߋ৽͞Εͨ࣌ʹݺͼग़͞ΕΔϝιου
• static get observedAttributes ʹొ࿥ͨ͠ଐੑͷΈ͕มߋݕ஌͞ΕΔɻ
• ϝιουͷҾ਺͔Β͸ɺଐੑ໊ʗ̍ͭલͷଐੑ஋ʗ৽͍͠ଐੑ஋ΛऔಘͰ͖Δɻ
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ΞΫηγϏϦςΟ
ΧελϜλά͸ͦͷ··ϨϯμϦϯά͞ΕΔͷͰจॻߏ଄ͷ੔߹ੑ่͕Εͯ͠·͏͜ͱ͕͋Γ·
͢ɻͨͱ͑͹Ϧετ 3.3 ͷΑ͏ͳϦετߏ଄ͩͬͨ৔߹ ul λάͱ li λάͷؒʹ custom-list λά͕
ೖͬͯ͠·͍ͬͯΔͷͰηϚϯςΟΫεతʹ໰୊͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 3.3: index.html
1:
2:
3:
4: item1
5:
6:
7: item2
8:
9:
10:
͜ͷ৔߹ role ଐੑΛઃఆ͢Δ͜ͱͰղܾͰ͖·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 3.4: index.html
1:
2:
3:
4: item1
5:
6:
7:
8: item2
9:
10:
11:
·ͨɺผͷํ๏ͱͯ͠ΧελϜλάࣗମʹ΋ΞΫηγϏϦςΟͷ৘ใΛ෇༩Ͱ͖Δ Accessibility
Object ModelʢAOMʣͱ͍͏࢓༷ͷࡦఆ͕ݱࡏਐΜͰ͍·͢ɻAOM ͸ JavaScript Ͱऔಘͨ͠
Element ʹରͯ͠खଓ͖తʹ role ଐੑͳͲͷΞΫηγϏϦςΟ৘ใΛઃఆͰ͖Δ΋ͷͰ͢ɻ࢒೦ͳ
͕Β·ͩࡦఆதͰ࣮ࡍʹ࢖༻͢Δ͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖·ͤΜ͕ɺ͍͔ͭϞμϯϒϥ΢βͰීٴ͢ΔͱΑ͍ͳͱ
ࢥ͍·͢ɻ
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ୈ 3 ষ Web Components ͷجૅͱ։ൃ࣌ͷઃܭߟ࡯ 3.2 એݴత UI ͱࠩ෼ϨϯμϦϯά
shadow dom ͷߏ଄
shadow dom ʹ͸ shadow dom tree ͱ͍͏ dom ͷ tree ߏ଄͕ಠࣗʹ࡞ΒΕ͓ͯΓɺߏ଄ͷͦΕ
ͧΕͷ෦෼ʹ໊લ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
shadow tree
shadow dom ͷதʹ͋Δ DOM πϦʔ
shadow host
shadow dom ͕௥Ճ͞Εͨɺ௨ৗͷ DOM ϊʔυ
shadow boundary
shadow dom ͱ௨ৗͷ DOM ͷڥք
shadow root
shadow tree ͷࠜϊʔυ
shadowRoot mode Φϓγϣϯ
shadowRoot ͸ίϯϙʔωϯτͷ֎ଆ͔ΒΞΫηεͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ͔Ͳ͏͔ΛࢦఆͰ͖Δػ
ೳ͕͋Γ·͢ɻshadowRoot ͷ mode ΦϓγϣϯͰ open ͔ close Λࢦఆ͢Δ͜ͱͰ੾Γସ͑
Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
಺෦ CSS
:host
shadow dom ಺ͷ CSS Ͱ͸:host ٖࣅΫϥεΛ࢖༻Ͱ͖·͢ɻ͜ΕʹΑͬͯ shadow host ͷ
ελΠϧΛࢦఆͰ͖·͢ɻ
data ଐੑ
shadow dom ಺ͷελΠϧ͸جຊతʹάϩʔόϧͷελΠϧ͕ద༻͞Ε·ͤΜɻίϯϙʔω
ϯτ֎͔ΒελΠϧͷࢦఆΛ͍ͨ࣌͠ʹ͸ɺCSS ΧελϜϓϩύςΟΛ࢖͏͜ͱʹΑͬͯ஋
ͷड͚౉͠ΛͰ͖·͢ɻ
3.2 એݴత UI ͱࠩ෼ϨϯμϦϯά
Web Components ͷ UI Λखଓ͖తʹॻ͘ͷ͸ɺπϦʔߏ଄͕ෳࡶʹͳ͍ͬͯ͘ͱͱ΋ʹͱͯ΋
ݟͮΒ͘ͳΔݒ೦͕͋Γ·͢ɻ·ͨɺShadow dom ಺ͷ HTML ͷߋ৽ʹ͸ɺͬͦ͝Γ͢΂ͯΛ࠶Ϩ
ϯμϦϯά͢ΔͷͰෆඞཁʹඳըίετ͕͔͔Γ·͢ɻReact ΍ Vue ͷΑ͏ʹએݴతʹॻ͚ͯɺ࠷
খݶͷ࠶ϨϯμϦϯάͰࡁΉΑ͏ͳࠩ෼ݕ஌ॲཧ͕ඞཁʹͳΓ·͢ɻͦ͜ͰɺWeb Components ͷ
ߏஙΛิॿ͢Δπʔϧ΍ϥΠϒϥϦΛ࢖͍͖ͬͯ·͢ɻ୅දతͳ Web Components ઐ༻ͷ։ൃπʔ
ϧ͸̎ͭ͋Γ·͢ɻ
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Stencil
Stencil ͸ ionic νʔϜ͕։ൃ͍ͯ͠Δ Web Components ͷΧελϜཁૉ΍ Web ΞϓϦΛੜ੒
Ͱ͖ΔίϯύΠϥͰ͢ɻίϯϙʔωϯτΛ JSX ه๏Λ࢖ͬͯߏஙͰ͖ɺԾ૝ DOM Ͱࠩ෼ݕ஌Λ
ߦ͍·͢ɻϧʔλ΍ϓϦϨϯμϦϯάͷػߏ΋༻ҙ͞Ε͓ͯΓɺSPA Λߏங͢Δ͜ͱ΋Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
Stencil ίϯύΠϥΛ௨ͯ͠τϥϯεύΠϧ͢Δ͜ͱͰ७ਮͳ JavaScript ͷ Web Component Λੜ
੒Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
Lit
Lit ͸ςϯϓϨʔτλάΛ࢖ͬͯએݴత UI ͰߏஙͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͢ΔϥΠϒϥϦͰ͢ɻGoogle ͕ࠓ
·Ͱ Polymer ͱ͍͏໊લͰ։ൃ͍ͯ͠·͕ͨ͠ɺ໊લ͕มΘΓ Lit ʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɻࠩ෼ݕ஌ʹԾ૝
DOM Λ࢖Θͣʹɺࠩ෼͕ൃੜͨ͠ DOM ͷΈΛߋ৽͢ΔͷͰԾ૝ DOM ΑΓ΋ߴ଎ͩͱݴΘΕͯ
͍·͢ɻLit ͷύοέʔδʹؚ·ΕΔ lit-html ͸ React ʹൺ΂ͯ࠷௿Ͱ΋ 8%~10% ߴ଎ͩͱ͍͏ϕ
ϯνϚʔΫςετͷ݁Ռ͕ग़͍ͯ·͢ɻJavaScript ͷඪ४ API ͷΈΛ࢖༻ͯ͠ߏங͢ΔͷͰɺτϥ
ϯεύΠϧ΋ෆཁͰͦͷ··΄͔ͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ΍ϥΠϒϥϦͷதͰ΋࢖༻Ͱ͖·͢ɻ·ͨɺύο
έʔδͷαΠζ΋ͱͯ΋খ͘͞ɺReact ͱ React DOM Λ࢖༻͢ΔͱϏϧυαΠζ͕ 50KB Λ௒͑
Δͷʹରͯ͠ɺLit ͸ϏϧυαΠζ͕ 5KB ఔ౓ͰࡁΈ·͢ɻ͜͜Ͱ͸ɺࠩ෼ݕ஌͕Ծ૝ DOM ΑΓ
΋ߴ଎ɺτϥϯεύΠϧෆཁͱ͍͏ϝϦοτ͔Β Lit Λ࠾༻ͯ͠Έ·͢ɻLit ͰίϯϙʔωϯτΛ࡞
ΔͱϦετ 3.5 ͷΑ͏ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 3.5: CounterButton.ts
1: import { LitElement, css, html } from "lit";
2: import { customElement, property, state } from "lit/decorators.js";
3:
4: @customElement("counter-button")
5: export class CounterButton extends LitElement {
6: static styles = css‘
7: button {
8: color: red;
9: }
10: ‘;
11:
12: constructor() {
13: super();
14: console.log("ॳظԽ͞Ε·ͨ͠ɻ")
15: }
16:
17: connectedCallback() {
18: console.log("counter-button element ͕Ϛ΢ϯτ͠·ͨ͠ɻ")
19: }
20:
21: disconnectedCallback() {
22: console.log("counter-button element ͕ΞϯϚ΢ϯτ͠·ͨ͠ɻ")
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23: }
24:
25: adoptedCallback() {
26: console.log("counter-button element ͕ผϖʔδʹҠಈ͠·ͨ͠ɻ")
27: }
28:
29: @property()
30: label?: string;
31:
32: @state()
33: count = 0;
34:
35: onCount() {
36: this.count++;
37: const countEvent = new CustomEvent("oncount", { detail: this.count });
38: this.dispatchEvent(countEvent);
39: }
40:
41: render() {
42: return html‘
43: this.onCount()}">
44: ${this.label}: ${this.count}
45:
46: ‘;
47: }
48: }
Lit ͸ɺσίϨʔλʔΛ࢖͏͜ͱͰɺૉͷ Web Componets ΑΓ΋͖ͬ͢Γॻ͘͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
html ςϯϓϨʔτΛ࢖༻ͯ͠ HTML ΍ CSS Λهड़͠ɺproperty ΛຒΊࠐΉͱΧελϜίϯϙʔω
ϯτΛϚ΢ϯτ͢Δͱ͖ʹɺ֘౰Օॴʹϋογϡ id ΛؚΜͩίϝϯτ͕ҰॹʹϨϯμϦϯά͞Ε·
͢ɻproperty ͱϋογϡ id ͕ඥ͍ͮͯ؅ཧ͞Ε͍ͯͯɺ͜ͷϋογϡ id Λ໨ҹʹɺproperty ͷ஋
͕มߋ͞Εͨͱ͖ʹ࠶ϨϯμϦϯά͢Δ৔ॴΛ࠷খݶʹ཈͑Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
σΟϨΫςΟϒ
σΟϨΫςΟϒͱ͸ɺදࣔͨ͠σʔλʹՃ޻͢ΔॲཧΛ੾Γग़͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔػೳͰ͢ɻΑ͘࢖Θ
ΕΔΑ͏ͳ൚༻తͳσΟϨΫςΟϒ͕͋Β͔͡Ί͍͔ͭ͘༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ·ͨɺΧελϜσΟϨ
ΫςΟϒͱͯ͠ಠࣗʹσΟϨΫςΟϒΛఆٛ͢Δ͜ͱ΋Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
• classMap
– class Λಈతʹద༻Ͱ͖ΔσΟϨΫςΟϒ
• repeat
– map ͳͲͰϨϯμϦϯάͨ͠഑ྻͷཁૉ͕ߋ৽͞Εͨͱ͖ʹɺޮ཰తʹ࠶ϨϯμʔΛ͢
ΔσΟϨΫςΟϒ
• Ωϟογϡ
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ୈ 3 ষ Web Components ͷجૅͱ։ൃ࣌ͷઃܭߟ࡯ 3.3 ։ൃ؀ڥߏங
– ৚݅ϨϯμϦϯά͢ΔίϯϙʔωϯτΛΩϟογϡ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺ࠶Ϛ΢ϯτ͢Δͱ͖ʹඳ
ըίετΛ཈͑ΔσΟϨΫςΟϒ
• guard
– ೚ҙͷ property ͕ߋ৽͞ΕΔ·Ͱ࠶Ϩϯμʔ͠ͳ͍Α͏ʹ͢ΔσΟϨΫςΟϒɻ
• ref
– ೚ҙͷ DOM ͷࢀরΛऔಘ͢ΔσΟϨΫςΟϒɻϦετ 3.9 ͷ࣮૷Ͱ΋࢖༻͠·͢ɻ
• until
– ඇಉظॲཧ͕׬ྃ͢Δ·Ͱͱ׬ྃ࣌ʹίϯϙʔωϯτΛग़͠෼͚ΒΕΔσΟϨΫςΟϒɻ
React Ͱݴ͏ Suspense ͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷɻ
ίϯτϩʔϥ
ίϯτϩʔϥͱ͸ϥΠϑαΠΫϧ΁ͷΞΫηε͕ඞཁͳϏδωεϩδοΫΛ੾Γग़͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ
Lit ͷػೳͰ͢ɻReact ΍ Vue Ͱݴ͏ΧελϜ hook ͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷͰ͢ɻ
3.3 ։ൃ؀ڥߏங
Lit Ͱ SPA ͷઃܭΛߟ͑ͯΈ·͢ɻ։ൃ؀ڥʹ Web Components ༻ʹ͸ҎԼͷπʔϧΛಋೖ͠
·͢ɻ
• lit-plugin
– vscode ༻ͷ Lit ͷίʔυิ׬ϓϥάΠϯ
• eslint-plugin-lit
– eslint Ͱ Lit ͷߏจΛνΣοΫ͢ΔϓϥάΠϯ
• prettier
– ίʔυ੔ܗπʔϧ
• ts-lit-plugin
– TypeScript Ͱ Lit ͷܕิ׬Λαϙʔτͤ͞ΔϓϥάΠϯ
• vite
– ES Modules Λ࢖༻͢Δ͜ͱͰɺߴ଎ʹಈ͘։ൃ༻ HMR αʔόΛఏڙͯ͘͠ΕͨΓɺϓ
ϩδΣΫτͷϏϧυΛͯ͘͠ΕΔπʔϧ
– npm init @vitejs/app ͰϓϩδΣΫτͷϕʔεΛੜ੒Ͱ͖Δɻ
άϩʔόϧঢ়ଶ؅ཧ
άϩʔόϧঢ়ଶ؅ཧͷϥΠϒϥϦͱͯ͠༗໊ͳ Redux Λಋೖͯ͠Έ·͢ɻRedux ͷॲཧΛൺֱత
୯७ʹॻ͚ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ redux-tool-kit Λ࢖ͬͯ store Λ࡞੒͠·͢ɻ
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Ϧετ 3.6: store.ts
1: import { configureStore } from "@reduxjs/toolkit";
2: import { todoSlice } from "./modules/todoSlice";
3:
4: export const store = configureStore({
5: reducer: {
6: todo: todoSlice.reducer,
7: },
8: });
9:
10: export type RootState = ReturnType;
11:
12: export type AppDispatch = typeof store.dispatch;
ίϯϙʔωϯτ ͔Β store ͷݺͼग़͠
store Λ࡞੒ͨ͠Βɺstore ͷ஋Λݺͼग़͢ίϯτϩʔϥΛ࡞੒͠·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 3.7: StoreSelector.ts
1: import { ReactiveController, ReactiveControllerHost } from "lit";
2: import { store, RootState } from "../store";
3:
4: export class StoreSelector implements ReactiveController {
5: private store: TSelector;
6: private unsubscriber: ReturnType;
7:
8: constructor(
9: _host: ReactiveControllerHost,
10: selector: (state: RootState) => TSelector
11: ) {
12: this.store = selector(store.getState());
13: this.unsubscriber = store.subscribe(
14: () => (this.store = selector(store.getState()))
15: );
16: }
17:
18: public hostDisconnected() {
19: this.unsubscriber();
20: }
21:
22: get state() {
23: return this.store;
24: }
25: }
constructor ͰඞཁͳσʔλΛऔΓग़͠ɺstore ͷมߋݕ஌Λ։࢝͠·͢ɻhostDisconnected ϝ
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ιουͰίϯϙʔωϯτ͕ΞϯϚ΢ϯτͨ͠ͱ͖ʹ store ͷมߋݕ஌Λఀࢭ͠·͢ɻ·ͨɺTSelector
ͷΑ͏ͳδΣωϦΫεΛ࢖͏͜ͱͰ໭Γ஋ͷܕิ׬͕ޮ͘Α͏ʹ͠·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 3.8: AppRoot.ts
2: import { customElement, state } from "lit/decorators.js";
3: import { StoreSelector } from "./utils/StoreSelector";
4:
5: @customElement("app-root")
6: export class App extends LitElement {
7: @state()
8: private todoSelector = new StoreSelector(this, (state) => state.todo);
9:
10: public render() {
11: return html‘
12:
13: ${JSON.stringify(this.todoSelector.state.todo)}
14:
15: ‘;
16: }
17: }
Ϧετ 3.8 ͷΑ͏ʹ StoreSelector ίϯτϩʔϥͰ store ͷ஋Λݺͼग़͠·͢ɻ
ϖʔδϧʔςΟϯά
SPA Λ࡞Δ্ͰඞཁͳΫϥΠΞϯτͷϖʔδϧʔςΟϯάॲཧΛ࣮૷͠·͢ɻϧʔλʹ͸ɺWeb
Components ϑϨϯυϦʔʹઃܭ͞Ε͍ͯΔ@vaadin/router ͱ͍͏ϧʔςΟϯάͷϥΠϒϥϦΛ࢖
͍·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 3.9: AppRoot.ts
1: import { LitElement, html } from "lit";
2: import { ref, createRef, Ref } from "lit/directives/ref.js";
3: import { customElement } from "lit/decorators.js";
4: import { Router } from "@vaadin/router";
5:
6: @customElement("app-root")
7: export class App extends LitElement {
8: private routerRef: Ref = createRef();
9:
10: public firstUpdated() {
11: const router = new Router(this.routerRef.value);
12: router.setRoutes([
13: {
14: path: "/",
15: action: async () => {
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16: await import("./pages/index");
17: },
18: component: "page-top",
19: },
20: {
21: path: "/detail",
22: action: async () => {
23: await import("./pages/todoDetail");
24: },
25: component: "ToDo-detail",
26: },
27: ]);
28: }
29:
30: public render() {
31: return html‘
32:
33: ‘;
34: }
35: }
Lit ͷ ref σΟϨΫςΟϒͰ SPA ͷ root ͱͳΔ Element ͷ ref Λऔಘͯ͠ɺﬁrstUpdated ϝ
ιουͰϧʔςΟϯάͷఆٛΛ͠·͢ɻϖʔδίϯϙʔωϯτ͸μΠφϛοΫΠϯϙʔτͯ͠ code
splitting ͢Δ͜ͱ΋Ͱ͖·͢ɻﬁrstUpdated ϝιου͸࠷ॳʹ updated ϝιουΛݺ͹Εͨޙʹݺ
͹ΕΔ Lit ಠࣗͷϥΠϑαΠΫϧͰ͢ɻ
Ϧετ 3.10: PageTop.ts
2: import { customElement } from "lit/decorators.js";
3:
4: @customElement("page-top")
5: export class PageTop extends LitElement {
6: static styles = css‘
7: :host {
8: color: red;
9: }
10:
11: p {
12: margin: 0;
13: }
14: ‘;
15:
16: render() {
17: return html‘
18: this is top page
19: to detail
20: ‘;
21: }
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22: }
ϖʔδͷϦϯΫ͸ΞϯΧʔλάʹύεΛࢦఆͯ͠ɺϦϯΫΛΫϦοΫ͢Ε͹ɺ֘౰ͷϖʔδίϯ
ϙʔωϯτʹΫϥΠΞϯτଆͰϧʔςΟϯά͞Ε·͢ɻ
Storybook
࡞੒ͨ͠ίϯϙʔωϯτΛ Storybook ʹొ࿥ͯ͠ΧλϩάԽͯ͠Έ·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 3.11: DemoComponent.story.ts
1: import { html } from "lit";
2: import "./demo-component";
3:
4: export default {
5: title: "Components/DemoComponent",
6: };
7:
8: export const Default = () => html‘‘;
Storybook ͸ඪ४Ͱ Web Components ʹରԠ͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰɺ
ಛʹ Storybook ʹ Web Components
༻ͷϓϥάΠϯΛೖΕͣʹίϯϙʔωϯτΛొ࿥Ͱ͖·͢ɻϦετ 3.11 ͷΑ͏ʹ lit-html Λ࢖͏͜
ͱͰΧλϩάʹొ࿥͠·͢ɻ
ίϯϙʔωϯτͷςετ
࡞ͬͨίϯϙʔωϯτͷςετίʔυΛॻ͍ͯΈ·͢ɻWeb-test-runnner Λ࢖͏͜ͱͰɺLit Ͱ
ߏஙͨ͠ίϯϙʔωϯτΛԼهʹΑ͏ʹςετͰ͖·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 3.12: DemoComponent.test.ts
1: import { DemoComponent } from "../demo-component";
2: import { fixture, html } from "@open-wc/testing";
3:
4: const assert = chai.assert;
5:
6: suite("demo-component", () => {
7: test("ίϯϙʔωϯτͷॳظԽ", () => {
8: const el = document.createElement("demo-component");
9: assert.instanceOf(el, DemoComponent);
10: });
11:
12: test("ίϯϙʔωϯτͷϨϯμϦϯά", async () => {
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ୈ 3 ষ Web Components ͷجૅͱ։ൃ࣌ͷઃܭߟ࡯ 3.4 ࠷ޙʹ
13: const el = await fixture(html‘‘);
14: assert.shadowDom.equal(
15: el,
16: ‘
17: ͜Ε͸ DemoComponent Ͱ͢ɻ
18: ‘
19: );
20: });
21: });
Lit ͸ϒϥ΢βͰಈ͔͢Α͏ʹઃܭ͞Ε͍ͯΔͷͰɺϨϯμϦϯάΤϯδϯΛؚΜͩςετϥΠϒ
ϥϦΛ࢖͏͜ͱͰςετ͠΍͘͢ͳΓ·͢ɻ
meta ͱ OGP
Web αΠτͷ meta ৘ใͱ OGP Λઃఆ͍͖ͯ͠·͢ɻϖʔδ͝ͱͷಈతͳ head ͷ಺༰ͷߋ৽
͸ɺpwa-helper ͱ͍͏ύοέʔδͷதͷ metadata util Λ࢖͍·͢ɻ͔͠͠ɺTwitter ΍ Facebook
ͳͲͰڞ༗͞Εͨͱ͖ʹ OGP Λ JavaScript ͔Βಈతʹઃఆͯ͠΋൓ө͞Εͳ͍ͷͰɺΫϩʔϥ͔
ΒͷΞΫηεͷΈ Prerender.io ͳͲͷࣄલϨϯμϦϯάαʔϏεʹϦμΠϨΫτͯ͠ meta data ৘
ใΛಡΈऔΕΔΑ͏ʹ͠·͢ɻ
ଞͷࣄલϨϯμϦϯάͷํ๏ͱͯ͠͸ SSG ͳͲ͕͋Γ·͕͢ɺݱࡏ Lit Ͱ͸ Web Component ͷ
SSR ͷରԠΛਐΊ͍ͯΔͱ͜ΖͰ͋ΓɺखܰʹಋೖͰ͖ΔϑΣʔζͰ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻshadow dom
ͷ SSR ʹ͸ template λάʹ shadowroot ϑϥάΛ෇͚Δએݴܕ shadow dom ͱ͍͏࢓༷ʹϒϥ΢
β͕ରԠ͍ͯ͠Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ͔͠͠ɺݱࡏ͸·ͩ Chrome ͱ Edge ͷΈͰ͔͠αϙʔτ͞Εͯ
͍ͳ͍ͷͰɺSafari ͳͲͰ͸ Polyﬁll Λ࢖༻͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ΋͠։ൃཁ݅ͱͯ͠ SSRɺSSG
͕ϚετͰؚ·Ε͍ͯΔͷͰ͋Ε͹ɺStencil ͕ඪ४Ͱ SSG ϏϧυʹରԠ͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰͪ͜ΒΛ࢖͏
͜ͱΛ͓קΊ͠·͢ɻ
3.4 ࠷ޙʹ
Web Components ͸ React ΍ Vue ͷΑ͏ͳ UI ϥΠϒϥϦΛഉআͯ͠औͬͯ୅ΘΔΑ͏ͳ΋ͷͰ
͸ͳ͍ͱߟ͍͑ͯ·͢ɻWeb Components ͕࣋ͭ࠶ར༻ੑͱґଘ͢Δ΋ͷ͕ۃΊͯগͳ͍ಛ௃͸ɺ
ࠓ·ͰੵΈ্͛ΒΕ͖ͯͨϥΠϒϥϦͷࢿ࢈Λ׆༻͠ɺΑΓॊೈͳ։ൃΛՄೳʹ͢Δٕज़Ͱ͢ɻٕज़
τϨϯυ͕ҠΓมΘͬͯ΋࣋ଓతʹӡ༻Ͱ͖ɺϝϯςφϯείετΛ࠷খݶʹ཈͑Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔՄ
ೳੑ͕͋Δ͜ͱ͔ΒɺWeb ։ൃऀΛΑΓ޾ͤʹͯ͘͠ΕΔૉఢͳٕज़ͩͱࢥ͍·͢ɻͨ͘͞Μͷ։
ൃऀ͕ Web Components Λಋೖ͠มԽʹڧ͍ Web ʹͳ͍ͬͯ͘ͱΑ͍ͳͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ
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ୈ 4 ষ
Ͱ͖ΔΑ Unity DOTS
ʙDOTS ʗ NetCode ͰΞϓϦઃܭϓϩτλΠϐϯάʙ
͓͠ͳॻ͖
1. Unity DOTS ࣗࣾݕূࣄྫ
2. Unity DOTS / NetCode ͰϚϧνϓϨΠήʔϜ։ൃ~ ͦΖͦΖ DOTS Ͱ։ൃͯ͠Α͍ͷ͔
3. DOTS ͱ͸
4. Ͳͷ͘Β͍ྑ͘ͳΔͷ͔
5. Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱ/Ͱ͖ͳ͍͜ͱ~ طଘϓϩμΫτΛ DOTS ʹҠߦͰ͖Δͷ͔/ MonoBehaviour ͸
աڈͷҨ෺ͳͷ͔
6. मಘ೉қ౓͸ߴ͍ͷ͔
7. Ͳ͔͜ΒखΛ͚ͭΕ͹ྑ͍ͷ͔
8. Ͳ͏ߏங͢Ε͹ྑ͍ͷ͔~ ECS σʔλͷ࡞Γํͱ஫ҙ఺
9. ࠷ޙʹ
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ୈ 4 ষ Ͱ͖ΔΑ Unity DOTS
ಡΜͰ΄͍͠ਓ
• Unity ͰήʔϜΛ࡞͍͖͍ͬͯͨํ
• DOTS ͱ͍͏ςΫϊϩδ͕͋Δ͜ͱΛ·ͩΑ͘஌Βͳ͍ํ
• ΫϥΠΞϯταΠυ͔͠΍͍ͬͯͳ͍ํ
ຊষͰΘ͔Δ͜ͱ
• Unity DOTS ςΫϊϩδ͕ͲͷΑ͏ʹ͓΋͠Ζ͍͔
• ήʔϜΤϯδχΞͱͯ͠ DOTS ςΫϊϩδʹͲͷ͘Β͍ظ଴Ͱ͖Δ͔
• ΫϥΠΞϯτΤϯδχΞ͕αʔόαΠυ΋Ұ؏ͯ͠ήʔϜ։ൃͰ͖׆༂ͷ෯͕޿͕Δ͞·
• DOTS ͷ࢖͍ํ΍࢖͍উखɺ্खʹ෇͖߹͏ίπ
ʙͦΕͰ͸ॱΛ௥͓ͬͯ࿩͍͖ͯ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ
͝஫ҙࣄ߲
• ຊষ͸ 2021 ೥ 6 ݄࣌఺Ͱ Unity Technologies ࣾͷఏڙ͢Δٕज़΍৘ใʹج͍ͮͯͦΕΛ࢖
༻͠ݕূͨ͠ॴײ౳Λड़΂ͨ΋ͷͰ͢ɻ
• ຊॻͷग़൛ޙʹಉࣾͷఏڙ಺༰΍ݟղͷมߋ·ͨ͸۩ମతʹͳΔ͜ͱʹΑΓɺهड़ͱࠩҟ͕ੜ
ͣΔڪΕ͕͋Γ·͕͋͢Β͔͡Ίྃ͝ঝ͍ͩ͘͞ɻ
˙චऀͷ࠷ۙͷ׆ಈ࣮੷
• ϓϩδΣΫτ
– ήʔϜιϑτʗΞϓϦ։ൃӡӦ (~2019)
– ΦϦδφϧϓϩάϥϛϯάֶशιϑτ։ൃ (2019)
– [KidsVALLEY] ौ୩۠ެཱதֶߍतۀࢧԉ (2019~) *1
– [mixi اۀ๚໰] ΤϯδχΞ৬ߨ࠲ߨࢣ (2019~) *2 ʙਵ࣌ड͚෇͚தʙ
– [mixi νϟϨϯδΠϕϯτ] Unity Engine Challenge by mixi GROUP (2019~) *3
– Unity DOTS ݕূήʔϜΞϓϦ։ൃ (2021)
• ϝσΟΞ / ࿐ग़
– ϝσΟΞ֤ࢴʹͯ ϓϩάϥϛϯάतۀࢧԉऔࡐଟ਺
– KidsVALLEY ϓϩάϥϛϯάαϚʔΩϟϯϓ (2019~) 2021 ೥*4 | Ϩϙʔτ*5
– ϛΫγΟίʔϙϨʔταΠτ ESG ϖʔδɹ (׆ಈϨϙʔτ, ࣍ੈ୅ҭ੒) *6
*1 தֶߍतۀࢧԉ ʛ https://mixi.co.jp/esg/2021/0604/4036/
*2 mixi اۀ๚໰ ʛ https://mixi.co.jp/esg/social/nextgen/
*3 Unity Engine Challenge by mixi GROUP ʛ https://mixil.mixi.co.jp/people/6788
*4 αϚʔΩϟϯϓ 2021 ʛ https://coeteco.jp/kidsvalley_2021
*5 αϚʔΩϟϯϓ 2020 ϨϏϡʔ ʛ https://mixil.mixi.co.jp/report/8974
*6 ϛΫγΟίʔϙϨʔταΠτ ESG ϖʔδ ʛ https://mixi.co.jp/esg/
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ୈ 4 ষ Ͱ͖ΔΑ Unity DOTS 4.1 Unity DOTS ࣗࣾݕূࣄྫ
ਤ: ˞ܝࡌαΠτ QR ίʔυ
4.1 Unity DOTS ࣗࣾݕূࣄྫ
࠷େ 64 ਓಉ࣌ࢀՃՄೳͳϦΞϧλΠϜΞΫγϣϯ෺ཧήʔϜΛςετ։ൃ
ޙड़͢Δ DOTS ςΫϊϩδݕূϓϩδΣΫτͱ্ཱͯͪ͛ͨ͠ R&D νʔϜʹΑͬͯɺDOTS ͷ
ྑ͞΍࢖͍উखΛݕূ͢Δ΂͘ɺ1 ຊͷήʔϜΛΞ΢τήʔϜΠϯήʔϜࠐΈͰ։ൃ͠·ͨ͠ɻචऀ
͸ Unity ྺɺήʔϜΤϯδχΞྺ΋͋Δఔ౓͋Δ͜ͱ͔Βɺ͞·͟·ͳࢹ఺ͰΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃ
ʹඞཁͳ DOTS ͷ࢟Λे෼ʹ࣮ײݕূͰ͖·ͨ͠ɻ
ιϑτ΢ΣΞ֓ཁ
• ։ൃ Unity version : 2021.1.3f1 macOS
• ओͳ package
– "com.unity.netcode": "0.6.0-preview.7"
– "com.unity.physics": "0.6.0-preview.3"
– "com.unity.render-pipelines.universal": "11.0.0"
– "com.unity.rendering.hybrid": "0.11.0-preview.42"
• platform: macOS (ͱΓ͍ͦ͗)
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ୈ 4 ষ Ͱ͖ΔΑ Unity DOTS 4.2 Unity DOTS / NetCode ͰϚϧνϓϨΠήʔϜ։ൃ
• ήʔϜઆ໌: ෺ཧγϛϡϨʔγϣϯԼʹ͋Δۭؒʹ͍ΔϓϨΠϠʔୡ͸͋Β͔͡Ί 2 νʔϜʹ
෼͔Εɺग़ݱ͢ΔΦϑδΣΫτΛ੍ݶ࣌ؒ಺ʹ૬खͷΰʔϧʹ౤͛ೖΕɺଟ͘ೖΕͨνʔϜ͕
উͪͱͳΓ·͢ɻ
• ϓϨΠਓ਺: 2~64 ਓʢΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ 1 ͭʹ͖ͭ 1 ਓ·Ͱʣ
• ήʔϜδϟϯϧ: ϚϧνϓϨΠϦΞϧλΠϜΞΫγϣϯ෺ཧήʔϜ
• ඳը fps: 30fps / 60fps
• ௨৴ rate: 30fps ૬౰
• ՄࢹಉظΦϒδΣΫτ: ͓Αͦ 500 ݅ʢϓϨΠϠʔؚΉʣ
ΦϯϥΠϯͰࣾ಺ϓϨϏϡʔΛ࣮ࢪ
චऀͨͪνʔϜ͕ॴଐ͍ͯ͠ΔϛΫγΟ։ൃຊ෦ʹ͸ಥ೗࣮ࢪΛ఻͑ɺσϞήʔϜͷϓϨΠձʹΦ
ϯϥΠϯͰू·ͬͯ͘Εͨ 20 ਓऑͷϝϯόʔʹ͜ͷήʔϜόΠφϦΛ഑෍͠ɺҰ੪ʹϓϨΠΛͯ͠
࣮ূςετମݧձΛߦ͍·ͨ͠ɻ͜͏͍ͬͨϓϩτλΠϓʹ੍࡞աఔஈ֊Ͱ৮ΕΒΕΔͷ͸ɺίϯς
ϯπ੍࡞ձࣾͳΒͰ͸ͷ୉ޣຯͰ΋͋Γ·͢ɻຊήʔϜʹ͸ϘΠενϟοτ΋౥ࡌ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱ΋
͋ΓɺςΩετνϟοτͱϘΠενϟοτΛۦ࢖ͯ͠ू߹͔Βղࢄ·ͰΦϯϥΠϯͷ··௨͠੾Δ͜
ͱ͕Ͱ͖·ͨ͠ɻϓϨΠձ಺༰ʹ͍ͭͯ͸τϥϒϧ΋ͳ্͘ʑɺͱ͍ͬͨͱ͜ΖͰ͢Ͷɻ
ݚڀ։ൃνʔϜͨΜΆΆ G
։ൃͨ͠νʔϜ͸ʮϛΫγΟ։ൃຊ෦ CTO ࣨͨΜΆΆάϧʔϓʯͱ͍͏ϢχʔΫͳνʔϜͰ͢ɻ
R&D ΍৽͍ٕ͠ज़Λݕূ։ൃࣾ͠಺ʹൃ৴͠ࢧԉ͢Δ෦ୂͰ͢ɻͥͻυΞΛୟ͍ͯΈͯ͸͍͔͕Ͱ
͠ΐ͏͔ɻ
4.2 Unity DOTS / NetCode ͰϚϧνϓϨΠήʔϜ։ൃ
ϞόΠϧήʔϜ։ൃʹ Unity Ұڧ͸·͢·͢ਐΉ
ಡऀͷΈͳ͞Μ͸ήʔϜ։ൃͰɺͱΓΘ͚ϞόΠϧήʔϜ։ൃʹ͓͍ͯͲΜͳ։ൃΤϯδϯʗϑ
ϨʔϜϫʔΫͰ։ൃ͞Ε͍ͯ·͔͢ʁ ͍͔ͭ͘ͷબ୒ࢶͷதɺܝ୊ͷͱ͓Γ Unity ͸෯޿͍σϕ
ϩούʔʹड͚ೖΕΒΕ΍͍͢؀ڥ΍ྉۚମ੍Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱ͔Βڧ͍ਓؾΛूΊɺಛʹϞόΠϧήʔϜ
ʹ͓͚ΔγΣΞ͸ 50 ˋҎ্ɺVR/AR ίϯςϯπͰ΋ 60% Λ௒͍͑ͯΔͱͷ͜ͱɻ͜ͷ੎͍ΛݟΔ
ʹࠓޙ΋·͢·͢ Unity ੡ίϯςϯπʹ੮ר͞Ε͍ͯ͘ʹҧ͍ͳ͍ͷͰ͠ΐ͏ɻ
UnityEngine ͷϘτϧωοΫ
Unity ͷചΓͷҰͭͰ͋Δखܰ͞Ώ͑ͱʹ͔͘ಈ͘΋ͷΛ࡞Δ͜ͱ͕ۃΊͯ༰қͰ͢ɻ͔͠͠൓
໘ɺ಺༰ʹझ޲ΛڽΒ͠͞·͟·ͳΦϒδΣΫτΛѻ͏ʹͭΕϓϩδΣΫτ͸ංେ͠ࢢ৔ʹग़ճͬͯ
͍ΔΞϓϦͱಉ౳ͷ಺༰ʹͳ͍ͬͯ͘ʹैͬͯɺͦͷ࡞Γํ΍؅ཧɺ੍ޚํ๏ʹ͸େ͖ͳ஫ҙͱ஌ܙ
͕ٻΊΒΕΔΑ͏ʹ΋ͳΓ·͢ɻͦͷํ๏ΛݟޡΔͱͱͨΜʹ...
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ୈ 4 ষ Ͱ͖ΔΑ Unity DOTS 4.2 Unity DOTS / NetCode ͰϚϧνϓϨΠήʔϜ։ൃ
• ڍಈ͕ۃ୺ʹॏ͍
• ి஑ফඅ͕ܹ͍͠
• ൃ೤͕େ͖͍
• ಡΈࠐΈ͕௕͍
• μ΢ϯϩʔυίϯςϯπαΠζ͕େ͖͍
• ΞϓϦ͕མͪΔ
ͱ͍ͬͨ͞·͟·ͳۤ೉ʹݟ෣ΘΕ͍͖ͯ·͢ɻͦͷཧ༝΍஫ҙ఺ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ੲ͔Β͞·͟·ͳ
Hack ͕ग़ճ͍ͬͯͯΤϯδχΞͨͪ͸ڝ͏Α͏ʹߴ଎ԽܰྔԽςΫχοΫΛݟ͚ͭ൸࿐͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ
࠷దԽΛ͍ͯ͠ΔதͿ͔ͭΔนͱͯ࣍͠ͷΑ͏ͳͱ͜Ζͷ໰୊ʹͨͲΓண͖·͢ɻ
• UnityEngine ͷϝΠϯεϨουϓϩηε
• ComponentʢMonoBehaviourʣͷॲཧίετ
͜͏͍ͬͨͱ͜Ζ͸ͨͼͨͼ্͕ΔϘτϧωοΫͱͯ͠େ͖ͳཁҼΛ͠Ί͖ͯ·ͨ͠ɻͦΕΒڞ௨
͍͔ͨͭ͘͠ͷࠜຊݪҼ͕ᖰΓग़͞Ε Unity Technologies ࣾͰ΋࣍ੈ୅ͷ Roadmap ͱͯ͠վम͢
Δ΂͖ର৅ͱͯ͠ڍ͍͛ͯ·ͨ͠ɻ
৽ͨʹఏএ͞Εͨ DOTS ͱ͍͏બ୒ࢶ
Unity Technologies ࣾ͸ͦͷޙɺECS architectureʢΞʔΩςΫνϟʣͱͯ͠ Unit 2016 ʗ Unite
2017 ʗͦͯͦ͠ͷޙຖ೥ɺ΋ͬͱҎલʹ΋৘ใ͸͋Δ͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜ͕͓ೃછΈͷ UnityEngine ͷ
GameObject ͱ Component Ͱ࡞ΒΕΔ Data ˍ BehaviourʢߦಈʣͷγεςϜͱ͸ผʹɺEntity
ͱ Component ʹΑΔύϑΥʔϚϯεੑͷߴ͍ Data only ͳγεςϜΛఏڙ͢Δબ୒ࢶΛࣔ͠ɺ͞
Βʹซ༻Ͱ͖Δߴ଎Խٕज़Λ·ͱΊɺDOTSʢData - Oriented Technology Stack ʣͱͯ͠ఏ
এ͠ɺࢲͨͪ։ൃऀୡΛڻ͔ͤظ଴ΛूΊ͖ͯ·ͨ͠ɻ͜ΕͰ͢΂ͯͷ೰Έ͕ফ͑ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͍͔ɺ
଴͍ͬͯͨͧͱɺߨԋΛ͖͍ͨ΄ͱΜͲͷΤϯδχΞͨͪ͸ࢥͬͨʹҧ͍͋Γ·ͤΜɻࢲ΋ͦͷҰਓ
Ͱ͢ɻͩͨ།Ұɺ2021 ೥ݱࡏ͍·ͩ preview package Ͱ͋Δͱ͍͏͜ͱΛআ͍ͯɻ
DOTS ͳΒ NetCode ͱ͍͏બ୒ࢶ
λΠτϧʹ͋ΔΑ͏ʹɺDOTS ʹͯϚϧνϓϨΠͷήʔϜΛ࡞ΕΔΑ͏ఏڙ͞Ε͍͍ͯΔ package
ʹʮNetCodeʯ͕͋Γ·͢ɻNetoCode Ͱ͸ ECSɺJob γεςϜɺBurst ίϯύΠϧͱɺDOTS ςΫ
ϊϩδͷྑ͍ͱ͜ΖΛ࢖͏ϚϧνϓϨΠήʔϜʹඞཁͳ package ͕ఏڙ͞Ε·͢ɻ͜ΕΛ࢖͏͜ͱ
ͰΫϥΠΞϯτʗαʔόͱ΋ʹ Unity ͷ DOTS ϓϩδΣΫτͰόΠφϦΛ࡞੒Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔɺ
ͱ͍͏͜ͱͰϦϦʔε͞ΕΕ͹ Unity ΤϯδχΞୡͷ஫໨ͷతͷඞਢεΩϧʹͳΔ͜ͱ͕ؒҧ͍ͳ
͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏ɻ
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ୈ 4 ষ Ͱ͖ΔΑ Unity DOTS 4.3 DOTS ͱ͸
ͦΖͦΖ DOTS Ͱ։ൃͯ͠Α͍ͷ͔
2021/7/1 ݱࡏɺECS ຊମ͸ɺEntities 0.17.0-preview.42 ͱͳ͓ͬͯΓɺ
ʮpreviewʯͭ·Γ
༧ࠂ൛ͱͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻॾʑͷϦεΫΛঝ஌ͷ্Ͱ͋Ε͹࢖͑ΔΑ͏Ͱ͢ɻUnity όʔδϣϯʹΑͬ
ͯ͸ରԠ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍Մೳੑ͕͋ΔͷͰ஫ҙͯ͠औΓ૊ΜͰ͍ͩ͘͞ɻ
ϚϧνϓϨΠͷை໨͕ GameServer ϞσϧʹมΘΓग़͢
·ͨࡢࠓͷ࣌୅ͷมԽʹ৐ͯ͡ɺϚϧνϓϨΠήʔϜͷ࣮ߦ؀ڥελΠϧͷཧ૝ܕ͕ҠΓมΘΓͭ
ͭ͋ΔΑ͏Ͱ͢ɻ͜Ε·ͰɺϞόΠϧήʔϜ؀ڥͱͯ͠ಛʹओྲྀͰ͋ͬͨ Client-Server Ϟσϧͱ͍
͏΋ͷͰߏ੒͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͕ଟ͘ɺϚϧνϓϨΠͰෳ਺ਓಉ࣌௨৴Ͱ༡΂ΔϥΠτήʔϜ΍λʔϯ੍
ήʔϜʹͨͼͨͼ༻͍ΒΕ͍ͯ·͢ɻߏ੒͸ɺ઀ଓ͍ͯ͠Δ୺຤ͷ͏ͪϗετ໾Λ 1 ୆ఆΊɺશ୺຤
͸தܧαʔόΛܦ༝ͯ͠ϗετʹ৘ใΛू໿͠ɺϗετͰॲཧͨ݁͠ՌΛ·ͨதܧαʔόΛܦ༝ͯ͠
શ୺຤ʹ໭͢ͱ͍͏΋ͷͰ͢ɻ࠷େͷϝϦοτ͸αʔόෛ୲͕খ͘͞ࡁΉͱ͍͏͜ͱʹ͋Γ·͢ɻ·
ͨαʔόαΠυͷήʔϜϩδοΫΛ։ൃ͢ΔίετΛ͔͚ͣʹ࣮ݱͰ͖Δ͜ͱʹັྗ͕͋Γ·͢ɻσ
ϝϦοτ͸ϗετΫϥΠΞϯτʹ൑ఆ΍඼࣭ΛҕͶΔ͜ͱʹͳΓɺҰఆͷج४Λຬͨ͞ͳ͍͜ͱ΋ঢ়
گʹΑͬͯ͸ൃੜ͍ͯ͠·ͨ͠ɻ·ͨ௨৴ԟ෮଎౓ʹᶃ୺຤ˠαʔόɺᶄαʔόˠϗετ୺຤ɺᶅϗ
ετ୺຤ˠαʔόɺᶆαʔόˠ୺຤ɺͱܦ࿏͕ԕ͍ͨΊԠ౴଎౓͕ͦ͜·Ͱૣ͘͢Δ͜ͱ͕೉͍͠ͱ
͍͏͜ͱ͕ڍ͛ΒΕ·ͨ͠ɻͦΕ͔Βಉ࣌઀ଓͷ੍ݶ͕͋ΓɺҰൠతʹ͸ 8 ୺຤ಉ࣌઀ଓఔ౓·Ͱ͕
շదͳϓϨΠͷ໨҆Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱ͕ଟ͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏ɻ
ผͷΞϓϩʔνͱͯ͠͸ɺGameServer ͷϞσϧ͕͋Γ·͢ɻલ్ͷ Client-Server Ͱڍ͕ͬͨ໰
୊఺Λղফ͢Δૂ͍ͱͯ͠࠶஫໨͞Ε͍ͯ·͕͢ɺαʔόͰήʔϜͦͷ΋ͷΛಈ͔ͯ͠ɺ୺຤ଆͰ͸
൑ఆॲཧΛ͠ͳ͍ͱ͍͏΋ͷʹͳΓ·͢ɻ͜ͷ৔߹ϝϦοτ͸ಈ࡞ͷ৴པੑ͕ߴ͍ͱ͍͏͜ͱɻ൑ఆ
ͦͷ΋ͷ͕αʔό಺ͰߦΘΕΔͨΊਖ਼͘͠ߏங͍ͯ͠Ε͹νʔτ͕ىͤ͜ͳ͍ঢ়گʹͳΓ·͢ɻ·ͨ
Ԡ౴଎౓ʹ΋ظ଴͕͋Γ·͢ɻલ్ͨ͠ܦ࿏ͷ൒෼ɺᶃ୺຤ˠαʔόɺᶆαʔόˠ୺຤ɺ͚ͩͰඞཁ
ͳ݁Ռ͕ಘΒΕΔͷͰ͔͢Β౰વૢ࡞ੑ΍Ϩεϙϯε͕޲্͠·͢ɻ
൓໘ɺσϝϦοτ͸ͦͷӡ༻අ༻ʹ͋Γ·͢ɻC ΍ C++ ؀ڥ౳ͰࣗࣾΤϯδϯ։ൃ͍ͯ͠Δ৔߹
Λআ͖ɺαʔόͰήʔϜࣗମΛಈ͔͢͜ͱʹίετతͳݒ೦͕ͳ͍͜ͱ͸·ΕͰ͠ΐ͏ɻͦͷͨΊɺ
Ͱ͖ΔݶΓܰྔͳαʔόαΠυήʔϜϩδοΫΛߏங͢Δํ๏͕ٻΊΒΕ͍ͯΔɺͱ͍͏ঢ়گ͕͋Γ
·͢ɻಉ࣌઀ଓͷ੍ݶ͸ Client-Server ϞσϧΑΓͳ͘ɺαʔόͷωοτϫʔΫରԠঢ়گ࣍ୈͰଟ͍
΋ͷͰ͸ 64 ୺຤ಉ࣌઀ଓɺͱ͍͏΋ͷ΋ग़͖͍ͯͯΔΑ͏Ͱ͢ɻ
4.3 DOTS ͱ͸
DOTS ͷ Data-Oriented Technology Stack
ͦ΋ͦ΋ιϑτ΢ΣΞքͰ ECS ͱ͍͏ 2000 ೥ॳ಄͜Ζ͔Βఏএ͞Ε͍ͯΔσʔλۦಈήʔϜ
։ൃͷ֓೦͕͋ΓɺUnity Technologies ͕ࣾಠࣗʹൃలԠ༻ͤͨ͞΋ͷʹͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻͦͷ΄͔
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Unity ͷ࣍ੈ୅ߏ੒ͱͳΔ DOTS ϥϯλΠϜύοέʔδ܊Ͱߏ੒͞Εɺ΄΅΄΅ґଘؔ܎ʹ Entit
ies, Job, Burst ؚ͕·Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ
ʢґଘؔ܎ʹ͍ͭͯޙड़ʣDOTS ͱ Entities ͷৄ͍͘͠͠Έ
͸ຊՈαΠτʢ֤ϦϯΫ͸ຊষ-7ʣͷهड़͔Βֶश͍͖͍ͨͩͨͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ
˙DOTS ύοέʔδ ओͳߏ੒ package ͸࣍ͷ௨Γ
• Entities (preview)
• C# Job System
• Burst ίϯύΠϥʔ
• Unity Physics (preview)
• Unity NetCode (preview)
• DSPGraph (experimental)
• Unity Animation (experimental)
• DOTS ϥϯλΠϜ (preview)
͜ͷΑ͏ʹ΄ͱΜͲ͢΂ͯਖ਼نϦϦʔε͸͞Ε͍ͯ·ͤΜɻͨͩ෺ʹΑͬͯ࡞Εͳ͍Θ͚Ͱ΋ͳ͍
ͨΊɺ͏·࣮͘ݱͰ͖Ε͹௨ৗͷ UnityEngine Ͱ͸౸ୡͰ͖ͳ͍඼࣭ͷίϯςϯπΛ֞ؒݟΔ͜ͱ
͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
˙ओͳ package ܊ͱґଘؔ܎ 2021/6/29 ݱࡏɺPackageManager ൈਮ
"com.unity.rendering.hybrid"
dependency:
Entities
"com.unity.netcode"
dependency:
Custom NUnit
Unity Transport
Burst
Entities
"com.unity.physics"
dependency:
Burst
Collections
Entities
Jobs
Mathematics
Test Framework
Performance testing API
IMGUI
JSONSerialize
"com.unity.platforms"
dependency:
Properties
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Properties UI
Scriptable Build Pipeline
Serialization
"com.unity.animation"
dependency:
Mathematics
Entities
Collections
Jobs
Burst
Test Framework
Data Flow Graph
Graph Tools Foundation
"com.unity.entities"
dependency:
Burst
Properties
Serialization
Collections
Mathematics
Asset Bundle
Mono Cecil
Jobs
Scriptable Build Pipeline
Platforms
"com.unity.burst"
dependency:
Mathematics
ECS
ECSʢEntity Component Systemʣͱ͸ίϯϙδγϣϯͷݪଇʹै͏ΞʔΩςΫνϟύλʔϯͷ
ҰͭͰ͢ɻ2002 ೥ͷήʔϜͰ࢖༻͞Εಉ೥ͷ GDC ʹͯߨԋ͕ߦΘΕͨͱ͍͏ه࿥͕͋ͬͯɺͦͷ
ख๏͸ҙ֎ͱྺ࢙͕͋Δ෺Ͱͨ͠ɻ͜ͷΞϓϩʔνͰ͸ɺσʔλࢦ޲ઃܭͷख๏ͷҰͭͰ͋ΓΦϒ
δΣΫτͰ͋ΔΤϯςΟςΟͷৼΔ෣͍͸෇Ճ͢ΔίϯϙʔωϯτΛૢ࡞͢Δ͜ͱͰมߋ͠·͢ɻΦ
ϒδΣΫτࢦ޲ʹ͓͍ͯத৺ͱͳΔܧঝؔ܎Λআڈ͠ɺཧղɾอकɾ֦ுͷ೉͠͞Λղফ͢Δ໨త͕
͋Γ·͢ɻUnity ͕Ҏલ͔Β࠾༻͍ͯ͠Δίϯϙʔωϯτࢦ޲ͷ࣍ͷஈ֊ͱݴ͏ҙຯͰ͸ಉ͡ͱ͜Ζ
ΛΈ͍ͯΔͱݴ͑ΔͰ͠ΐ͏ɻ
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DOTS Ͱͷ ECS Ͱ΋
Entity , Component , System Λ࣮૷͠ Entity ʹ෇Ճ͞Εͨ Component σʔλ܈ʹΑͬͯۦಈ
͢ΔσʔλυϦϒϯʢۦಈʣͷΞʔΩςΫνϟ͕ ECS Ͱ͋ΓɺUnity ͷ DOTS ςΫϊϩδʹ͓͚
Δ Entities Ͱ΋ͦͷߟ͑ํ͸ಉ͡Ͱ͢ɻEntity ΦϒδΣΫτࣗମ͸ͨͩͷ Struct Ͱ͢ɻ͢΂ͯͷ
΋ͷ΍ࣄฑʹ 1 ͭͣͭ Entity Λ࡞Γ༩͑·͢ɻͨͱ͑͹஄ؙ 1 ͭɺഁย 1 ͭɺϝογϡϊʔυ֊
૚ 1 ͭɺΦϒδΣΫτͲ͏͠ͷ࿈ܞϝοηʔδʹ 1 ͭɻͦ͜΁ IComponent Interface ͷ͍ͭͨ೚
ҙͷ Struct Λ࡞Γ෇༩͠ɺ࣌ʹ஋Λઃఆ͠·͢ɻSystem ͸ͦΕΛ ArchetypeʢΞʔΩλΠϓʣͱ
͍͏૊Έ߹Θͤผʹड͚෇͚ɺଘࡏͨ͠ Entity ʹରͯ͠ॱʹ͢΂ͯॲཧΛࢪ͍͖ͯ͠·͢ɻͭ·Γ
ԿΛͲ͏ॲཧ͢Δ͔ͷ൑ผʹ Archetypeʢ·ͨ͸ Component ͷ૊Έ߹Θͤʣ͕༻͍ΒΕ·͢ɻͲͷ
Component Λ෇͚͍ͯΔ͔͕ϑϥάͰ͋Γɺ໨ҹͰ͋ΓɺύϥϝʔλͰ΋͋Δͱ͍͏ͷͰ͢ɻ
ECS ͷைྲྀ͸Ͳ͜΁޲͔͏ͷ͔ʔ Shader ݴޠ API ͷ࠾༻͔Β֞ؒݟΔʔ
ECS ؀ڥԼʹҠߦ͢Δ͜ͱͰΞʔΩςΫνϟҎ֎ʹ΋ܶతʹมΘΔ͜ͱ͕͍ͭ͘΋͋Γ·͢ɻ·
ͣैདྷͷ UnityVector3 ΍ Quaternion ͸ར༻͞Ε·ͤΜɻMathf ؔ਺΋࢖༻͞Ε·ͤΜɻ৽ͨʹఏ
ڙ͞ΕΔ਺ֶϥΠϒϥϦʹҠߦ͠ɺͦΕʹ൐͍ vector ΍ quaternion ͕ผ namespace Ͱ͔ͭҟ࣭ͷ
΋ͷʹஔ͖׵ΘΓ·͢ɻ਺ֶϥΠϒϥϦ Unity.Mathematics ؔ਺هड़͸ɺSIMD ͓ΑͼάϥϑΟο
ΫʗγΣʔμʔͷ։ൃऀʹೃછΈͷ਺ֶ API ʹ͍ۙ΋ͷ͕औΓೖΕΒΕɺγΣʔμʔݴޠͰ͋Δ
HLSL ʗ GLSL ͷ਺ֶϥΠϒϥϦͱҰ؏ੑ͕͋ΔελΠϧΛ࠾༻͍ͯ͠Δͱͷ͜ͱͰ͢ɻͦΕʹΑ
ΓγΣʔμʔίʔυͱͷޓ׵ੑΛߴΊ 2 ͭͷίʔυؒͰҠ২ڞ༗͢Δࡍͷ఍߅ΛݮΒ͢ར఺Λ࣋ͨͤ
͍ͯΔͱ͍͏͜ͱͰ͢ɻ
ʢhttps://github.com/Unity-Technologies/Unity.Mathematics/blob/master/readme.md ΑΓʣ
DOTS ͸ Unity ͕ ECS ٕज़ΛϕʔεʹήʔϜΤϯδϯΛθϩ͔Β࡞Γସ͑Α͏ͱ
͍ͯ͠Δ
DOTS ʹݶͬͨ͜ͱͰ͸ͳ͍Α͏Ͱ͕͢ɺ౰ॳΑΓ࢖ΘΕ͍ͯΔطଘٕज़ɺͨͱ͑͹ΤϑΣΫτ΍
ΦʔσΟΦɺUIɺ௨৴ͳͲ͸೔ʑͷਐาʹΑͬͯ͞Βʹ༗ޮͳςΫϊϩδͰஔ͖׵͑ΒΕ·͢ɻීஈ
ͦΕ͸ϛυϧ΢ΣΞͱ͍͏ܗͩͬͨΓ AssetStore ͱ͍͏ܗͰ Unity Technologies ࣾҎ֎ͷ֤͔ࣾΒ
΋௥Ճ͞Ε͖ͯ·ͨ͠ɻͦ͜΁ࡢࠓ Unity Technologies ࣾࣗ਎΋େվֵΛଧͬͯग़͖͍ͯͯΔΘ͚
Ͱ͢ɻDOTS ʹݶͬͨ͜ͱͰݴ͑͹ Unity ͷΤϯδϯ͔Βม͑ͯ͠·͓͏ͱݴ͏Θ͚Ͱ͔͢Βͨͩ
͜ͱͰ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻฒߦ্ͯ͠ྫͷΑ͏ͳϦιʔε΍πʔϧ΋ஔ͖׵Θ͍͖ͬͯɺ৽ςΫϊϩδͷ
্Ͱಈ͘Α͏ఏڙ͞Ε͍ͯ͘͜ͱʹͳΓ·͢ɻUnityEngine Ϣʔβʔ͸ৗʹ࠷৽ʹ௥ै͍͔ͯ͠ͳ
͚Ε͹͋ͬͱ͍͏ؒʹ৐Γ஗Εͯ͠·͏ͱݴ͏Θ͚Ͱ͢ɻͱΓΘ͚͜͜਺೥ͷ Unity Technologies
ࣾͷ֦େϖʔε͸ѹ౗తʹૣ͘ɺ࣍ʑʹॏཁͳٕज़Λ࣋ͬͨاۀΛങऩ͠ Unity ެࣜ package Խ͠
͍ͯΔ͜ͱ΋͋ΓɺՃ଎౓తʹਐԽ͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰ͢ɻ
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DOTS ͷະདྷ͸
2020 ൃදͷ Roadmap Ͱ VisualScriptingɺ͍ΘΏΔϊʔυΤσΟλϓϩάϥϛϯάʹରԠ͍ͯ͠
͘ͱ͍͏͜ͱͰͨ͠ɻࠓճઃܭ࣮૷ͯ͠Έͯ೺Ѳͨ͠಺༰ͱͯ͠΋σʔλͷྲྀΕɺετϦʔϜͱ͍͏
͜ͱΛڧ͘ҙࣝͤ͞ΒΕ·͢ɻ͜Ε͸ VisualEditor Ͱϊʔυ؅ཧ͢Δܗͦͷ΋ͷͰ͋ΔͨΊɺॲཧ
෦෼Λআ͘σʔλ઀ଓʹؔͯ͠ɺखݩͷߏ੒಺༰Λ೺Ѳฤू͢Δ͜ͱʹେ͍ʹߩݙ͢Δ΋ͷʹͳΔͷ
Ͱ͸ͳ͍͔ɺͱࢥΘΕ·͢ɻ
͜Ε·Ͱͷ͢΂͕ͯ৽͍͠ςΫϊϩδͰݸʑͰஔ͖׵͑ΒΕΔ Roadmap ͕ࣔ͞ΕɺॱԠ͠ͳ͚Ε
͹ͦͷԸܙ͕ಘΒΕͳ͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏ɻ
MonoBehaviour ͱ DOTS ͷؔ܎
͜Ε·Ͱͷ Unity Ͱ࡞ΒΕͨ MonoBehaviour ͷੈքΛϨΨγʔͱ͠ɺ͋ΒͨʹผྖҬʹ ECS ۭ
ؒͷ World ͕࡞ΒΕ·͢ɻ͜͜ʹ͋Δ͜Ε·Ͱͷ MonoBehaviour ίϯϙʔωϯτ΍ GameObject
΍ UnityEngine.Object ͸ଘࡏͤͣɺECS ͷ Class ΍ Struct Λ৽ͨʹ࡞੒͠ొ࿥͍͖ͯ͠·͢ɻ
ͦΕ͔ΒɺUnity ΤϯδχΞͷߟ͑ํͰ͋Ε͹ɺ৔໘ͷߏஙʹ͋ͨͬͯ͸ Scene ͷϩʔυͱΠϯ
εϖΫλͷઃఆɺඥͮ͘ Prefab ͷ Instantiate ΍ ScriptableObject ͷࢀরɺͱ͍ͬͨ͜ͱΛى఺ʹ
γʔϯΛ࡞͍ͬͯ͘͸ͣͰ͢ɻDOTS ͚ͩͰߟ͑ͨ৔߹Ͳ͏ͳΔͰ͠ΐ͏ɻ
DOTS ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ۭͬΆͷ World ͔͠·ͩ͋Γ·ͤΜɻUnityEngine.Object ྨͷࢀর΋͋Γ
·ͤΜɻAssets σΟϨΫτϦΛࢀরͯ͠ίʔυͰॻ͍ͯ৔໘Λ࡞͍ͬͯ͘ͷ͸͋·Γʹඇޮ཰
Ͱ͢ɻECS ͷՔಇʹ Component Λ༩͑Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻͦ͜Ͱ΍͸ΓϨΨγʔͷ Scene ΍
GameObject ͕·ͩ·ͩ׆༂͢Δݱঢ়͕͋Γ·ͨ͠ɻ
ɹ
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ୈ 4 ষ Ͱ͖ΔΑ Unity DOTS 4.4 Ͳͷ͘Β͍ྑ͘ͳΔͷ͔
4.4 Ͳͷ͘Β͍ྑ͘ͳΔͷ͔
ॲཧෛՙΛܰݮ͢ΔͱόοςϦʔফඅ΋ݮ
ECSɺJob γεςϜɺBURSTɺͦͯ͠ URP Λซ༻͍ͯ͘͜͠ͱͰॲཧྔ͕େ෯ʹݮΓεϨο
υ෼ׂ͕࣮ݱ͞Ε·͢ɻUnityEngine.MonoBehaviour ΍ UnityEngine.Component Λ࢖༻͠ͳ͍
͜ͱʹΑͬͯ༨ܭͳॳظԽܭࢉίετΛ͔͚ͣϝΠϯεϨοτͷ࢖༻΋߆ଋ͢Δඞཁ͕ͳ͘ɺ
UnityEngine.Object ΍ Generic ͳ List Λ༻͍ͳ͍͜ͱͰ Burst ίϯύΠϧʹΑΓεϨουʹ෼ׂ
ͯ͠ฒྻॲཧΛଅ͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ɺϘτϧωοΫͱͳ͍ͬͯͨཁҼ͕ղফ͞Ε·͢ɻ
Entities.ForEach Ͱهड़͕؆୯
Ϧετ 4.1: foreach ྫ
1: using Unity.Entities;
2: using Unity.Jobs;
3: using Unity.Mathematics;
4: using Unity.Transforms;
5: public partial class MyRotationSystem : SystemBase
6: {
7: protected override void OnUpdate()
8: {
9: float deltaTime = Time.DeltaTime;
10: Entities
11: .ForEach((
12: ref Rotation rotation,
13: in RotationComponent setting) =>
14: {
15: rotation.Value = math.mul(
16: math.normalize(rotation.Value),
17: quaternion.AxisAngle(math.up(),
18: setting.RadiansPerSecond * deltaTime));
19: })
20: .ScheduleParallel();
21: }
22: }
Entities.ForEach ͸ɺΤϯςΟςΟΫΤϦͰબ୒͞Εͨ͢΂ͯͷΤϯςΟςΟʹରͯ͠ఆٛ͠
ͨϥϜμؔ਺Λ࣮ߦ͠·͢ɻ
ΫΤϦʹΑΔهड़ʹؔͯ͠͸ C#Ͱ͍͏ Linq ͷ࢖͍উखͱ΋ۙ͘ɺߜΓࠐΈநग़͠ϝΠϯεϨο
υ͔αϒεϨου΁બ୒తʹϥϜμؔ਺Λઃఆ͢Δͱ͍͏ྲྀΕͱͳΓ·͢ɻ͢Δͱ͜ͷ World શମ
ͷ Entity ͔ΒΫΤϦʹ߹க͢Δ Component ߏ੒ͷ Entity ʹରͯ͠ຖϑϨʔϜॲཧ͕࣮ߦ͞Ε·
͢ɻॲཧʹྲྀ͠ࠐΜͰ͍͘ͱ͍͏هड़ํ๏ʹΑͬͯɺ͓͓Αͦ 1 ΞΫγϣϯ͚ͩهड़͓ͯ͘͜͠ͱͱ
ͳΓ·͢ɻ
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ͨͱ͑͹ɺComponentAɾComponentB ͕ͲͪΒ΋෇༩͞Εͨ Entity Λ 10 ౓ӈճస͠ଓ͚Δɻ
ComponentAɾComponentC ͕ͲͪΒ΋෇༩͞Εͨͱ͖ɺEntity ͱͦͷϝογϡΛഁغ͢Δɻ͜ͷ
Α͏ͳཻ౓ͱͳΓ·͢ɻ
ܶతʹܰݮ͞ΕΔ CPU ॲཧΛ͍ͭ࢖͍͔ͬͯͨ
ඞͣ͠΋ɺ͜Ε·Ͱͷ։ൃελΠϧͰϘτϧωοΫΛײͯ͡࢓༷ͷݶքΛײ͍ͯͨ͡Θ͚Ͱ͸͋Γ
·ͤΜɻࠓݱࡏͷ Unity ʹΑͬͯྑ࡞͸਺ʑϦϦʔε͞Ε͓ͯΓɺDOT ϦϦʔεҎલͱҎޙͰήʔ
ϜͷΫΦϦςΟ͕ஈҧ͍ʹͳΔΘ͚Ͱ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻྫࣔ͢Δͱ CPU ফඅ͕େ͖͍ॲཧ͸࣍ͷΑ͏
ͳ΋ͷͰ͢ɻ
CPU ফඅ͕େ͖͍ 5 બ
• Physics/Rigidbody ෺ཧԋࢉॲཧ
• transform ࠲ඪܭࢉ
• ϨΨγʔ Component Πϯελϯε΍ GameObject ͷେྔͷੜ੒΍อ࣋ɺUpdate ౳ݺͼग़͠
• େ͖ͳσʔλʹର͢Δԋࢉʢͨͩ͜͠Ε·Ͱ΋ Thread ΍ Task ͕࢖͑Δʣ
• Assetbundle ΍ Scene ಡΈࠐΈͱ Prefeab ͷ Instantiate ॳظԽ
CPU ফඅʹؔͯ͠͸͍ͣΕʹͯ͠΋ϝΠϯεϨουͷ߆ଋͱ͍͏͜ͱʹ΄͔ͳΓ·ͤΜɻUni-
tyEngine ͷσʔλ΍ Component ʹର͢Δϓϩηε͸ϝΠϯεϨουͰ͔͠ߦ͑ͳ͍ɺͱ͍͏੍໿
ͷӨڹ͕ڧ͍͜ͱͰɺ෺ྔ͕͋Δ੍ޚ΍؅ཧ͕͋Δ࣮૷͸ආ͚Δඞཁ͕͋ͬͨͷ͕͜Ε·ͰͷྲྀΕ
Ͱͨ͠ɻͭ·ΓͦͷݶΓͰ͸ͳ͍෦෼ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɺޮՌ͸ײ͡ʹ͍͘ͱݴ͑ΔͰ͠ΐ͏ɻ͜ͷΑ͏ʹ
DOTS ͷ࠾༻ޮՌΛ࣮ײ͠΍͍͢اըͱͦ͏Ͱͳ͍اը͕͋Δɺͱ͍͏͜ͱ͸ཧղ͓ͯ͘͠ඞཁ͕
͋ΔͰ͠ΐ͏ɻ
DOTS ࠾༻ޮՌ͕ظ଴Ͱ͖Δ 5 બ
• Prefab ੜ੒͕ଟ༻͞ΕΔ΋ͷʗ Mesh Λେྔʹ؅ཧ͠ඳը͢Δ΋ͷ
• Physics/Rigidbody Λେྔʹ࢖༻͢Δ΋ͷʢPhysics Ͱ࠶ݱੑ͕͋Δ෺ཧγϛϡϨʔγϣϯ͕
Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨ෇ՃՁ஋ʣ
• Transform ܭࢉΛଟ༻͠࠲ඪܭࢉͱ੍ޚ΍઀৮൑ఆΛ͢Δ΋ͷ
• ܈ूͷཱࣗࢥߟͳͲେྔͷ Object Ͱͷ Update ϓϩηε
• NetCode Λ࢖༻ͨ͠ϚϧνϓϨΠήʔϜʢ૯߹ྗʣ
ϨΨγʔγεςϜͰ LoadScene ΍ Instantiate ͢Δͱ෼͔Δॲཧෛՙ
લهͨ͠ CPU ෛՙ͕େ͖͍ͱ͍͏෦෼͕ͦͷ·· DOTS ࠾༻ʹΑ͓͓ͬͯΑͦରࡦͰ͖Δͱ
͍ͬͯΑ͘ɺprefab ੜ੒΍ Gameobject ͷ Update Ͱॲཧ͕ඞཁͩͬͨ΋ͷ͸ݢฒΈܰྔԽͰ͖ɺ
͔ͭ job γεςϜʹΑͬͯ Thread ૹΓʹͰ͖·͢ɻ·ͨ Unity ͕ఏڙ͢Δ৽͍͠ϚϧνϓϨΠ
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Package ͷ NetCode Λར༻͢Δ͜ͱͰɺDOTS Լʹ͓͍ͯ ECS Ͱ Physics ͱ௨৴ Transport ͕ॲ
ཧͰ͖ඇৗʹ௿ෛՙͰϚϧνϓϨΠήʔϜͷ࣮૷͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻͳ͓େྔͷ Object ੍ޚʹର͢ΔΩϟ
ύγςΟ͸Ҿ্͖͕Δͱ͸͍͑΋ͪΖΜ্ݶ͸͋Γ·͢ɻ
CPU ফඅΛඞཁͱͨ͠اը͕࣮ݱͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ
ͦ͏͍͏ҙຯͰ͸ DOTS ͕׆گʹͳΔͱҎલΑΓΦϒδΣΫτྔ͕ଟ͍ήʔϜ͕ͨͼͨͼϦϦʔ
ε͞ΕΔͷ͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜɻ·ͨ͋Δ͍͸୯७ʹɺ͜Ε·ͰΑΓൃ೤͕ݮͬͨͶɺͱ͍͏͜ͱʹͳΔ
͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜɻ͜ͷ؀ڥͰήʔϜاըΛٻΊΒΕΕ͹ɺ෺ཧγϛϡϨʔγϣϯܥɺ܈ू੍ޚܥɺ౎
ࢢγϛϡϨʔγϣϯ౳ɺ͋͑ͯܭࢉίετ͕ߴ͍اըΛ࠾༻ͨ͘͠΋ͳΔ΋ͷͰ͢Ͷɻ·ͨɺϞόΠ
ϧ؀ڥͰίϯγϡʔϚεϖοΫͷ޿େͳ MMORPG...UE4 ੡Ͱ΋΋͏͋Γ·͢ΑͶɻ
αʔόϏϧυͱ͍͏େ͖ͳ׆࿏
ॲཧෛՙʹྉۚͱ͍͏ੈքͰظ଴͕େ͖͍
Unity ͷϏϧυ Platform ʹ ServerBuild ͱ͍͏બ୒ࢶ͕͋ΔͷΛ͝ଘ͡Ͱ͠ΐ͏͔ɻServer ্
Ͱ Build ͢Δ CloudBuild ͱ͸ҟͳΓ·͢ɻ͜Ε͸ Unity Ͱ Build ͨ͠όΠφϦ࣮ߦϑΝΠϧΛ
Linux αʔό΍ Windows αʔόͰ࣮ߦ͢ΔͨΊͷ Build Λࢦ͠ɺαʔόαΠυͰ͸ඳը͕ͳ͘ɺ୺
຤͔Β͸௨৴઀ଓʹΑͬͯϨεϙϯεͷΈΛಘΔɺͱ͍͏΋ͷͰ͢ɻ͜ͷ Build Πϝʔδ࡞੒ํ๏͸
headless ϞʔυͱݺͼɺҎલΑΓଘࡏ͍ͯͯ͠αʔόϓϩάϥϜͷ Unity Խ͕ՄೳͰͨ͠ɻͨͩ͠
ϨΨγʔͷ Physics ʹ͸ܭࢉ݁Ռͷ࠶ݱੑ͕ͳ͘ɺαʔόͱΫϥΠΞϯτ୺຤Ͱ Physics Λซ༻ͯ͠
͍Δͱ͖ʹ૬ޓʹҧ͏݁Ռ͕ඳը͞Εͯ͠·͏ͨΊ༻͍Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·ͤΜͰͨ͠ɻ·ͨ͜ͷ໰୊Λ
ղফ͢ΔͨΊʹ NVIDIA PhysX ͳͲϛυϧ΢ΣΞ੡෺ཧΤϯδϯ΋ Unity ʹఏڙ͞Ε͓ͯΓબ୒
Ͱ͖·ͨ͠ɻ͔͠͠࠷దͳύϑΥʔϚϯε͕ಘΒΕΔ؀ڥ͸ϞόΠϧͰ͸ͳ͘ίϯγϡʔϚ޲͚ͱ͍
͏΋ͷͰͨ͠ɻ͜ͷΑ͏ʹैདྷͷ MonoBehaviour Ͱѻ͏ ServerBuild ίϯςϯπͰ͸ύϑΥʔϚϯ
εͷ໘Ͱෛ୲͕େ͖͘ɺ࠾༻ʹ৻ॏʹͳΒ͟ΔΛಘͳ͍ͱ͏ঢ়گ͕͋Γ·ͨ͠ɻ
DOTS ʹ༻͍Δ Physics Ͱ͸͜ͷ఺Λߟྀͯ͠࠶ઃܭ͞Ε͍ͯΔͨΊ෺ཧԋࢉ݁Ռʹ͸࠶ݱੑ͕
͋Γ·͢ɻ͜ΕʹΑΓଟ؀ڥͰ Physics Λ࢖༻͠ͳ͕ΒΩʔೖྗಉظͷΈΛߦͬͰ΋ঢ়گʹҰ؏ੑ͕
อͨΕΔͱ͍͏͜ͱʹͳΓ·͢ɻ·ͨͦͷ΄͔ͷॾʑͷॲཧྔ͕ݮͬͨͱ͍͏͜ͱͳΒαʔόίετ
ͦͷ΋ͷ͕Լ͕Γɺҡ࣋අ͕͜Ε·Ͱͷ ServerBuild ΑΓ௿͘཈͑Δ͜ͱ͕ՄೳʹͳΓɺωοτϫʔ
ΫήʔϜͷ GameSerer Ϟσϧͷ࣮ݱΛ Unity ͷ sereverBuild όΠφϦʹΑ࣮ͬͯݱͰ͖ΔՄೳੑ
͕ߴ·ͬͨͱ͍͏͜ͱʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
UnityC#ΤϯδχΞ͚ͩͰωοτϫʔΫήʔϜ͕ 1 ϓϩδΣΫτͰ࡞ΕΔ޾ͤ
Unity Ͱ ServerBuild ͕ग़ྗͰ͖Δͱ͍͏͜ͱͷϝϦοτ͸αʔόྉ͚ۚͩͰ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻ1 ਓ
ͷΤϯδχΞ͕ಉҰϓϩδΣΫτͷதͰαʔόϓϩάϥϜͱΫϥΠΞϯτϓϩάϥϜΛಉ࣌ʹ࡞ۀͰ
͖ɺ࣮૷ͷ଎౓޲্͕ਤΕɺಉҰϓϩηε΍ಉҰߏ଄ମͷ࢖༻͕Ͱ͖ΔͨΊෆ۩߹ͷൃੜ͢ΔՄೳੑ
͕ݮΓɺ໰୊͕Ͳ͜ʹ͋Δͷ͔ͷൃݟ·Ͱͷϓϩηε͕୹ॖ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͕ڍ͛ΒΕΔͰ͠ΐ͏ɻͦͷ
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ୈ 4 ষ Ͱ͖ΔΑ Unity DOTS 4.5 Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱ/Ͱ͖ͳ͍͜ͱ
ͨΊখ͞ͳϓϩμΫτ΍ݸਓɺϓϩτλΠϓͳͲͰ΋͢͹΍͘ϚϧνϓϨΠήʔϜΛ࣮૷Ͱ͖ɺήʔ
Ϝࣗମͷ͓΋͠Ζ͞Λߟ͑Δ༨༟͕ੜ·ΕΔͷ͸͍ͨ΁Μ޾ͤͳ͜ͱͰ͢ɻ
4.5 Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱ/Ͱ͖ͳ͍͜ͱ
ϨΨγʔγεςϜ͕͢΂ͯ DOTS ʹҠߦͰ͖Δͱ͏͜ͱͰ͸ͳ͍ʢ·ͩʣ
DOTS ؀ڥʹҠߦ͠Α͏ͱͯ͠΋·ͩҠߦ͖͠Εͳ͍෦෼͕͋Δఔ౓͋Δ͜ͱΛ೺Ѳ͓ͯ͘͠ඞ
ཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻͦΕʹΑͬͯ MonoBehaviour ͱ GameObject ੍ޚ΋ฒߦ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ·
ͨ UI ʹ͢ΔࡍͦΕ͸ݦஶͰ͕͢ɺECS ͷ World ͔Β஋ΛϨΨγʔγεςϜʹ໭ͯ͠ UI ग़ྗ͢Δ
͜ͱʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
DOTS Խ͕·ͩࡁΜͰ͍ͳ͍ओͳ΋ͷ
• Camera
• Light
• UI
• Audio
• Particle
͍ͣΕ΋ DOTS ԽΛظ଴͍ͨ͠෦෼Ͱ΋͋ΔͷͰɺࠓͷ࣌఺Ͱ͏·͘ DOTS ԽʹΑΔԸܙΛ͏͚
ΒΕͨͱͨ͠ͱ͖ʹͦͷ͞Βʹ্ʹ͍͚Δͱ͍͏झࢫʹͳΓ·͢ɻϙδςΟϒʹͱΒ͑Δͱɻ
DOTS Ҡߦʹઌۦ͚ͯݱΕͨ Tiny ϓϩδΣΫτ
Tiny ͸·ͩ WebGL ൛ɺࠓޙϞόΠϧల։͕એݴ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͕
Tiny ϓϩδΣΫτࣗମͷ࢝·Γ͸ Web ޿ࠂதͰ Unity ίϯςϯπ͕௚઀ϓϨΠͰ͖Δ͜ͱΛ
ૂͬͯ༰ྔతʹ࠷ܰྔͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛ໨తͱ͍ͯ͠Δ΋ͷͱͷ͜ͱͰͨ͠ɻ͔͠͠ DOTS Λݚڀͯ͠
͍͘ʹͭΕɺϨΨγʔʹ્·Εڞଘ͍ͯ͠Δঢ়گ͕ղܾͷஹ͠Λ·ͩΈ͍ͤͯͳ͍ঢ়گʹ͋Δͳ͔ɺ
͜ͷ Tiny Ͱ͸ Camera ΋ Light ΋ Audio ΋ DOTS ʹҠߦ͍ͯ͠ΔͰ͸ͳ͍Ͱ͔͢ɻTiny Ͱߏங
͢Δ΋ͷ͸͢΂ͯ ECS ͷ Entity ʹΑͬͯߏ੒͞Ε͍ͯͯɺϨΨγʔͷγεςϜΛੵΜͰ͍ͳ͍͜ͱ
ͰΤϯδϯͦͷ΋ͷͷ Player ͕ܰྔʹͳΔͱ͍͏΋ͷͰ͢ɻ͞Βʹɺ࢖༻ Package Λݶఆͯ͠ඞཁ
ͳ΋ͷ͚ͩΛ౥ࡌͰ͖Δͱ͍͏͜ͱͰ͢ͷͰ package ࣗମͷαΠζ΋͜Ε·ͰΑΓ֨ஈʹݮ͓ͬͯ
Γɺ࣮ଌϏϧυαΠζͰ͸ɺͪΐͬͱͨ͠ήʔϜͰςΫενϟ΍ΦʔσΟΦྨΛখ͘͞·ͱΊͯ͋Δ
ϓϩδΣΫτʹ͓͍ͯ 8MB લޙͰग़ྗ͞Ε͍ͯ·ͨ͠ɻ·ͩ Build ʹଟ͘ͷ੍ݶ͕͋ΔΑ͏Ͱ࣮༻
ஈ֊Ͱ͸ͳ͍Α͏Ͱ͕͢ɺ͜ͷ Tiny ͕ͦ͜ DOTS ͷຊྲྀͰ͢ͷͰ͸ͳ͍͔ͱɺີ͔ʹචऀࣗ਎͸
ࢥ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ
54

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ୈ 4 ষ Ͱ͖ΔΑ Unity DOTS 4.5 Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱ/Ͱ͖ͳ͍͜ͱ
طଘϓϩμΫτΛ DOTS ʹҠߦͰ͖Δͷ͔
ಋೖ͢ΔͨΊʹ͞Βʹ஌͓ͬͯ͘͜ͱ
•ʮطଘϓϩμΫτΛ DOTS ʹҠߦͰ͖·͔͢ʁʯ͍͍͑ɺ׬શʹผͷγεςϜʗΞʔΩςΫτ
Ͱ͋Γ͢΂ͯ࠶ઃܭ͕ඞཁ
ߟ͑Δ΂͖͸ม׵࡞ۀͰ͸ͳ͘ɺύϥμΠϜγϑτؚ͕·Ε͍ͯΔͱ͍͏͜ͱͰ͢ɻطଘͷ΋ͷΛ
ผͷΞʔΩςΫτʹஔ͖׵͑ͨ࣌ɺಉ͡໾ׂ͸ଘࡏͰ͖ͳ͍Մೳੑ͕͋Γ·͢ɻͦͷͨΊɺඞཁͳೳ
ྗ͸૑଄ྗʹͳΔͰ͠ΐ͏ɻ
Unity Ϣʔβʔ͸ΦϒδΣΫτࢦ޲ੜ·Εɺίϯϙʔωϯτࢦ޲ҭͪ
ͦͯ͠σʔλۦಈࢦ޲ʹ
ͦͷੲɺखଓ͖ܕϓϩάϥϛϯάΛத৺ʹ͍ͯͨ࣌͠୅ʹɺ͜ΕͰ͸؅ཧ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͱɺΦϒδΣ
Ϋτࢦ޲ʢObject-Oriented Programmingʣ͕ੜ·Ε·ͨ͠ɻͦͷޙɺ೿ੜ֊૚ߏ଄͕ෳࡶͰ͜Ε
Ͱ͸֦ு͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͱɺಉ͡ॲཧΛίϯϙʔωϯτͰ·ͱΊϞδϡʔϧԽ͢Δίϯϙʔωϯτࢦ޲ʹ
޲͔͍·ͨ͠ɻϞδϡʔϧ͕ෳࡶʹͳͬͯ͘Δͱɺσʔλࢀর͕෼ࢄ͠ύϑΥʔϚϯε͕٘ਜ਼ʹͳΔ
ͱɺσʔλۦಈʹΑΔ EntityComponentSystemʢECSʣΛ໨ࢦ͠·ͨ͠ɻσʔλ͸ɺ·ΔͰཻࢠ΍
ੜ͖෺ͷΑ͏ͳଘࡏͰɺͦͷ৔ʹͱͲ·Βͣු༡͍͔ͯͯͭ͠ΈͲ͜Ζ͕ͳ͘ɺͲͷ͘Β͍͋Δͷ͔
΋ั·͑ͯΈͳ͚Ε͹Θ͔Βͳ͍ɺͱ͍ͬͨಛੑΛ͍࣋ͬͯ·͢ɻ
ͦ͏ଊ͑ͯΈΔͱਆൿతͳؾ͑͞͠·͢ɻ ͩΜͩΜͱΠϝʔδ͕͔ͭΊ͖ͯ·ͤΜ͔ʁ
˞ ॾઆ͋ΓಠࣗͷݟղͰ͢ɻ
MonoBehaviour ͸աڈͷҨ෺ͳͷ͔
طଘϢʔβʔʹͱͬͯ࢖͍উख͸े෼
MonoBehaviour ʹΑͬͯ͜Ε·Ͱ Unity ੡໊࡞ΞϓϦ͕਺ʑϦϦʔε͞Ε͖͍ͯͯΔࣄ࣮͕͋
Γ·͢ɻֶशͷ͠΍͢͞΍࣮ݱ·Ͱͷγϯϓϧ͕͞ Unity ਓؾΛ͜͜·ͰҾ͖د͍ͤͯΔɺͱ͍
͏͜ͱ΋๨Εͯ͸ͳΒͳ͍ॏཁͳཁૉͰ͢ɻΤϯδϯͷύϑΥʔϚϯεͱ։ൃ؀ڥͷϢʔβϏϦ
ςΟ͸ผͷ͜ͱͰ͸͋ΓɺDOTS ͸ͦΕ͸ͦΕͰड͚ೖΕ৆ࢍ͢Δ΋ͷͰ͕͢ɺMonoBehaviour ͱ
GameObject ͷʮख๏ʯ͕ফ໓ͯ͠͠·͏͜ͱ͸ Unity ͷྑ͞Λࣦͬͯ͠·͏ͱ΋ߟ͍͑ͯ·͢ɻ
զʑ DOTS ҠߦલͷΤϯδχΞʹͱͬͯ޾͍ͳ͜ͱʹɺUnity Technologies ࣾͷݟղ͸͜͜ʹ͍ͭ
ͯ͸͍͋·͍ͳ··ͱͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻDOTS ͸ਐΊ͍ͯΔ͕׬શʹҠߦ͢Δͱ͍͏झࢫͰ͸ൃද͠
͍ͯͳ͍ͷͰ͢ɻDOTS ϓϩμΫτશମͱͯ͠͸͍ͨ΁Μ௕ظʹͦͯ͠େن໛ͳ౤ࢿͰ͋Δʹ΋͔
͔ΒΘͣɻΠν Unity ϑΝϯͱͯ͠͸ɺ͜ͷղܾͱͯ͠ົҊ͕ఏࣔ͞ΕΔ͜ͱΛظ଴ͯ͠ݟक͍ͬͯ
·͢ɻ
55

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ୈ 4 ষ Ͱ͖ΔΑ Unity DOTS 4.6 मಘ೉қ౓͸ߴ͍ͷ͔
4.6 मಘ೉қ౓͸ߴ͍ͷ͔
DOTS ରԠ͕೉͍͠ͱ͜Ζ
1. World ؅ཧͱ System ؅ཧ
2. ECS ىಈ
3. ઀৮Πϕϯτ
͜Ε͸͍ͣΕ΋ϕετϓϥΫςΟε͕ෆ଍͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͸େ͖ͳཁҼͰ͢ɻͦͷ͏͑Ͱɺڍ͕ͬͯ
͍ΔެࣜαϯϓϧͰࣔ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍෦෼͕ଟ͍ͨΊɺࠓͷͱ͜Ζ஍ಓʹରࡦ͢Δ͔ͦͷ෦෼Λਂ͘࢖
Θͳ͍ͱ͍͏ରॲʹͳ͍ͬͯ͘͜ͱʹͳΓ͕ͪͰ͢ɻ͞Βʹɺpackage ͷ಺༰Λ Library/Package
Cache ֊૚͔ΒιʔείʔυΛಡΈֶश͢Δɺͱ͍͏खஈͰղੳ͍ͯ͘͜͠ͱ΋ඞཁͰ͢ɻ
1. World ͱ ECS ؅ཧ
World ͕೚ҙʹ࡞੒Ͱ͖·͢ɻ·ͨσϑΥϧτͷ NetCode Ͱ͸ ServerWorld ͱ ClientWorld0 ͱ
͍ͬͨ΋ͷ͕࡞੒͞Ε·͢ɻͨͩ World ҡ࣋ίετ΋͔͔ΔͷͰ࠷খ਺Ͱߏஙͨ͠ํ͕ྑ͍Α͏Ͱ
͢ɻ೉͍͠Օॴͱͯ͠͸ɺConvert ͷॳظঢ়ଶ͸σϑΥϧτ World ʹରͯ͠ Entity ੜ੒Λߦ͍·
͢ɻSystem ͸ɺAttribute ʹΑͬͯ World Λࢦఆͯ͠ɺ΋͘͠͸ະࢦఆͰશ World ʹ͓͍ͯՔಇ͠
·͢ɻ஫ҙ͢΂͖͸ɺͲ͜ʹͲͷ Entity ͱ System Λஔ͍͍ͯΔ͔ίʔυϕʔεͱ͍͏ͱ͜ΖͰ͢ɻ
ͦͷͨΊࢄͬͯ͠·͏ɺߦํ͕Θ͔Βͳ͘ͳΔɺະ࢖༻ System ͕ొ࿥͞Ε͍ͯΔɺͱͳΓ͕ͪͰ͢ɻ
΋ͪΖΜ EntityDebugger ͸͍͍ͭͯ·͢ͷͰௐ΂ͯ஍ಓʹରԠͰ͖·͢ɻ
ͦΕ͔Βɺ͕͜͜࠷େͷݒ೦఺Ͱ͸͋Γ·͕͢ɺSystem ͷొ࿥͕σϑΥϧτͰશొ࿥ͱ͍͏ͱ͜
ΖͰ͢ɻબผͯ͠ొ࿥͢ΔͱͳΔ৔߹ɺNetCode ౳ͷ֎෦ Package Ͱ࢖͍ͬͯΔ΋ͷ΋ਓྗͰొ࿥
͢Δ͜ͱʹͳΓϝϯςφϯε໰୊ʹͿ͔ͭΓ·͢ɻͦͷͨΊશ System ొ࿥Λड͚ೖΕͯ System ͷ
্ཱ͕ͪΓͷͱ͜ΖͰਐ·ͤͳ͍൑ఆΛҰͭҰͭೖΕΔ࣮૷Λࢪ͠·͢ɻ͜ͷͨΊɺେن໛։ൃʹର
ͯ͠͸ݱ࣌఺Ͱ͸ରԠͰ͖ͳ͍ͱݴΘ͟ΔΛಘ·ͤΜɻ
2. ECS ىಈ
ECS ͷ System ͸σϑΥϧτͰ Application ͷىಈͱͱ΋ʹՔಇ͢Δ͔ɺdeﬁne ఆٛʹΑͬͯఀࢭ
ͤ͞೚ҙʹ্ཱͪ͛·͢ɻ͢΂ͯͷཁૉ͕ DOTS ʹͰ͖ͳ͍͜ͱΛ౿·͑ΔͱΠϯήʔϜʢϝΠϯ
ͷήʔϜʣ෦෼ͷΈ DOTS Խ͠ɺͦΕҎ֎͸ఀࢭͤ͞Δબ୒ࢶ͕༗ޮͰ͠ΐ͏ɻ·ͨ Convert ݺͼ
ग़͠ʹΑͬͯ೚ҙσʔλͷ ECS ౉͠Λߦ͏͜ͱ͕༧ݟ͞Ε·͢ɻผͰ͢Ͱʹड़΂͍ͯΔΑ͏ɺScene
ભҠલʹ World Λ্ཱͪ͛ ECS Λ༗ޮʹ͔ͯ͠ΒભҠΛ͢Δͱ͍͏ɺECS ͷఀࢭʗՔಇΛભҠΛ
൐੍ͬͯޚ͍ͯ͘͠࡞ΓΛ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
3. ઀৮Πϕϯτ
ैདྷͷ Unity ͷ͓΋͠Ζ͍ͱ͜Ζ͸ɺΠϯεϖΫλͱίϯϙʔωϯτͰπϧπϧͱઃఆ͍ͯ͘͠ͱ
ಈ͘΋ͷ͕࡞Εͨ͜ͱʹ͋Γ·͢ɻݱگͷ DOTS ؀ڥʹ͓͍ͯͦΕ͸ਅٯʹ͋Γ·͢ɻࡉ͔͘نଇ
56

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ୈ 4 ষ Ͱ͖ΔΑ Unity DOTS 4.7 Ͳ͔͜ΒखΛ͚ͭΕ͹ྑ͍ͷ͔
ʹԊͬͨ ClassɺStruct Λ࡞੒͠ͳ͚Ε͹ಈ͖·ͤΜɻܝ୊ͷʮ઀৮Πϕϯτʯ൑ఆपΓʹ͍ͭͯͦ
Ε͸ಛʹݦஶͳͨΊڍ͍͛ͯ·͢ɻ઀৮Λ൑ఆ͢ΔͨΊʹ Job Ͱ௕จΛهड़͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͣɺΠϕ
ϯτͱ͍͏΄ͲͦΕ͸डಈతͳ΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺITriggerEventsJob Λ࣮૷ͨ͠ Job ͷ Execute(Tr
iggerEvent triggerEvent) ʹಧ͘ Entity ͕ A ͱ B ͷ 1 ૊Έ͚ͩ֨ೲ͞Ε͓ͯΓɺ1 ϑϨʔϜ಺
Ͱ઀৮͢Δ͢΂ͯͷ૊Έ߹Θ͕ͤ Execute ʹೖ͍ͬͯΔͷͰ΄͍͠ Entity ͕དྷΔ·Ͱௐ΂ɺࣗ෼Ͱ
ಛఆ͢Δɺͱ͍͏͜ͱʹͳΓ·͢ɻௐ΂Δʹ͋ͨͬͯ͸ Entity ͷΈͰ͸൑ผ͕Ͱ͖ͣɺೖͬͯ͘Δ
Entity ΛΩʔʹͨ͠ Chunk ͱ͍͏σʔληοτΛࢀরͯ͠ Component ΛऔΓग़͍͖ͯ͠·͢ɻ͜
Ε͸ϨΨγʔͰ͍͏ͱ͜ΖͷɺCollider ίϯϙʔωϯτͱ MonoBehaviour ͷ OnCollider() ͱ͍͏
ͱ͜Ζͱͷରൺ෦෼ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
ಋೖ͢ΔͨΊʹ஌͓ͬͯ͘͜ͱ 5 બ
•ʮpackage ΛೖΕΔ͘Β͍ͷෛ୲Ͱ͔͢ʁʯ͍͍͑ɺҧ͍·͢
•ʮMonoBehaviour ͷ Component Λ DOTS ༻ʹஔ͖׵͑Δײ֮Ͱ͔͢ʁʯ͍͍͑ɺҧ͍·͢
•ʮαϯϓϧίʔυͷίϐʔ&ϖʔετͰ΍Ε͹ࡁΈ·͔͢ʁʯݶఆతʹ͔͠αϯϓϧ͕͋Γ·
ͤΜ
•ʮDocument Λ͔ͬ͠ΓಡΊ͹ͳΜͱ͔ͳΓ·͔͢ʁʯ͍͍͑ɺެࣜυΩϡϝϯτ͸গྔͷݹ
͍΋ͷ͔ GitHub ͷ sample ϦϙδτϦʹஔ͔Εͨ୹͍ ReadMe จ͔͋͠Γ·ͤΜ
•ʮಋೖͷোน͸ߴ͍Ͱ͔͢ʁʯ͸͍ɺ࢒೦ͳ͕Β೉͍͠͏࣮͑༻ํ๏͸΄ͱΜͲग़ճ͍ͬͯ·
ͤΜ
ɹ
ϐϦοͱਏͯ͘ඒຯ͍͠ɺ
ͱ͍ͬͨ۩߹ʹͱΒ͍͑ͯͨͩ͘ͷ͕ྑ͍͔ͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ
4.7 Ͳ͔͜ΒखΛ͚ͭΕ͹ྑ͍ͷ͔
͋·ΓʹมΘͬͯ͠·͏ͷͰɺͲ͔͜Β࢝Ίֶͯश͍͚ͯ͠͹ྑ͍ͷ͔໎͍·͢ɻͱ͋Δ࣮૷هࣄ
Λݟश͓͏ʹ΋Ұ෦෼ͷٕज़͔͠࢖ΘΕ͍ͯͳ͍͜ͱ͕ଟ͘ɺ·ͨ͋ΔαϯϓϧΛΈͯ΋ඥղ͘ʹલ
ఏ͕ݟ౉ͤͳ͍͜ͱ͕ͨͼͨͼى͜Γ·͢ɻͦͷͨΊ໎Θֶͣश͢ΔͨΊʹ͜ͷ͋ͨΓΛݟΔͱΑ
͔ͬͨɺͱ͍͏෦෼Λநग़͓͖ͯ͠·͢ɻ
ܝࡌͷ URL ͸Լํ΁ QR ίʔυΛܝࡌ͠·ͨ͠ͷͰΞΫηεͷࡍʹ͝ར༻͍ͩ͘͞ɻ
·ͣ͸ొஃ಺༰΍ಈըղઆΛҰ௨ΓΈͯ֓೦Λڞ༗͢΂͠
• جຊཧղ
– *7 https://learning.unity3d.jp/tag/dots/
∗ ެࣜͷղઆಈը͕๛෋ʹܝࡌ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ
57

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ୈ 4 ষ Ͱ͖ΔΑ Unity DOTS 4.7 Ͳ͔͜ΒखΛ͚ͭΕ͹ྑ͍ͷ͔
• DOTS ύοέʔδ֓ཁ
– *8 https://unity.com/ja/dots/packages
GitHub ެࣜαϯϓϧͷ script ΛಡΈτϨʔε
ެࣜ GitHub ͔ΒαϯϓϧΛऔಘͯ͠શγʔϯͷ script ΛಡΈ͢΂ͯτϨʔεͯ͠ΈΔͱྑ͍Ͱ
͠ΐ͏ɻ
• ESC جຊςΫχοΫαϯϓϧ
– *9 https://github.com/Unity-Technologies/EntityComponentSystemSamples
∗ ECSSamples ɹ... Ұ൪ॳڃαϯϓϧɺscene ๛෋
∗ HybridHDRPSamples ɹ...scene ๛෋
∗ HybridURPSamples ɹ...scene ๛෋
∗ UnityPhysicsSamples ɹ... Ұ൪ॳڃαϯϓϧɺscene ๛෋ɺ઀৮൑ఆʹඞਢ
• Document ֓ཁઆ໌͋Γ package ϖʔδ
– *10 https://docs.unity3d.com/Packages/[email protected]
∗ ...NetCode ͸ϑΝʔετಋೖΨΠυ͕͋ΔͷͰ࣮ફ͠·͠ΐ͏
• Animation
– *13 https://github.com/Unity-Technologies/Unity.Animation.Samples
∗ UnityAnimationHDRPExamples
· ...HDRP ൛ɺscene ๛෋ɺURP Ͱ΋࢖͑Δ sample ͋Γ
∗ UnityAnimationURPExamples
· ...URP ൛ɺHDRP ΑΓͪΐͬͱগͳ͍
• DataFlowGraph ...Animator ΍ Mecanim ૬౰ʢpackage ʹؚ·ΕΔ Sampeʣ
– *14 https://docs.unity3d.com/Packages/com.unity.dataﬂ[email protected]
• FPS ΞΫγϣϯσϞʢ݁ߏݹ͍࣌ظͷ΋ͷʣ
– *15 https://github.com/Unity-Technologies/DOTSSample
∗ ... ࠓͷςΫχοΫʹ౰ͯ͸·Βͳ͍෦෼΋͋Δ
• Project Tiny
– *16 https://github.com/Unity-Technologies/ProjectTinySamples
∗ ... શ DOTS Խͷੈք؍ͷ೺Ѳʹ໾ཱͭɺ഑෍༻Ϗϧυ͸·ͩग़ྗͰ͖ͳ͍໛༷ɺα
ϯϓϧগͳ͍
• DOTS & Tiny ಋೖΨΠυ
58

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ୈ 4 ষ Ͱ͖ΔΑ Unity DOTS 4.8 Ͳ͏ߏங͢Ε͹ྑ͍ͷ͔
– DOTS Runtime & Project Tiny: Getting Started [Public]
∗ *17 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1A8hen2hLFY5FLkC5gd3JP2Z-
IpHfnAX-CpYLK3aOdwA
· ... શ DOTS Խͷࠓޙͷ೺Ѳʹ໾ཱͭɺ།Ұ BuildConﬁgure ͷهड़͕͋Γ
ਤ: ˞ܝࡌϦϯΫ QR ίʔυ
4.8 Ͳ͏ߏங͢Ε͹ྑ͍ͷ͔
ECS ͰσʔλϑϩʔΛ͍͔ʹ࡞Δ͔
Entity ͱ͍͏ശΛ࡞Γ Component ͱ͍͏৘ใΛࡌͤͯ System ͱ͍͏ॲཧ૷ஔͰड͚औΔɺͱ͍
͏͜ͱ͕جຊతͳྲྀΕͰ͢ɻͱ͸͍͑ήʔϜΛ։ൃ͢Δ࣌ʹͦͷࢹ఺Ͱडಈతʹσʔλ͚ͩΛΈΔͱ
͍͏ߟ͑ํ͸͜Ε·Ͱͷ։ൃελΠϧʹ͸͋·Γͳ͘ɺ࣮຿ϨϕϧͰͲͷΑ͏ͳ͜ͱΛߟ͑Δඞཁ͕
͋Δͷ͔͸࣮ࡍʹମݧ͍͔ͯ͠ͳ͚Ε͹Πϝʔδ͠ʹ͍͘ͱ͜Ζ΋͋Γ·͢ɻ
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ΦϒδΣΫτ࿈ܞʹ͸ͻͱ޻෉ඞཁ
·ͨ ECS ͷಛੑ͔ΒɺEntity ୯ମΛͻͨ͢Βॲཧ͠ଓ͚Δ͜ͱΛಘҙͱ͢Δ൓໘ɺEntity Ͳ͏͠
ͷ࿈ܞ΍ System Ͳ͏͠ͷ࿈ܞʹ޻෉͕ඞཁʹͳΓ·͢ɻผͷ System ʹͱ͋Δ௨஌Λ͍ͨ͠ͱ͖ɺ
ଟ͘͸৽͍͠ 1 ͭͷ Entity Λ࡞Γ௨஌༻ Component Λ౉͢ςΫχοΫΛ࢖͍·͢ɻϚϧνϓϨΠ
ͷ NetCoded ؀ڥʹ͓͍ͯ΋αʔό΁௨஌ΛૹΔํ๏͕ಉ༷ʹ Entity ͱ௨஌༻ͷ Command ͱ͍
͏ Struct ͳͲΛ࢖͍·͢ɻ
Πϯελϯεࢀর͸࢖Θͳ͍
ΦϒδΣΫτࢦ޲Ͱසग़͢ΔΠϯελϯεࢀরʹΑͬͯϑϥά౳ΛݟΔͱ͍͏΍Γํ͸ݪଇߦΘ
ͣʹ࣮૷͍͖ͯ͠·͢ɻσʔλࢦ޲ͱ͍͏͜ͱ΋͋ΓΦϒδΣΫτ͕ Update ؂ࢹͯ͠ɺͱ͍͏ߏ
଄Ͱ͸ͳ͘ͳΓɺSystem ͕ಛఆͷ Archetype ΛͦΕ͕ 1 ͔ͭ͠ͳ͍ͱͯ͠΋ड͚ଓ͚ System ͷ
update ͱͯ͠؂ࢹ͢Δ͜ͱͰ Burst ίϯύΠϧ΍ Job ౳ͷ࠷దԽ͕దԠͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΓɺ͜Ε͕
DOTS ͷੑೳΛҾ͖ग़࣮͢૷ͱͳ͍ͬͯ͘Θ͚Ͱ͢ɻ
Entity
Entity ͸ Component Λ࣋ͭ͜ͱ͚ͩ
ECS Ͱ͍͏ EɺEntity ͸ Component ͕ೖΔ͚ͩͷߏ଄ମͰ͢ɻEntity ͷ Index ͕ൃߦॱʹൃ൪
͞Ε·͢ɻIndex ͸ϢχʔΫ৘ใͰ͢ͷͰલճͱಉ͡σʔλ͔Λ൑ผ͢Δࡍʹ༻͍·͢ɻname ͸ઃ
ఆͰ͖·͕͢ UNITY_EDITOR Ͱ͔͠࢖͑·ͤΜɻ#if ΛೖΕ͓͔ͯͳ͚Ε͹ϏϧυΤϥʔʹͳͬͯ
͠·͍·͢ɻ
Component
Component ͷσʔλλΠϓ͸ݶΒΕͨσʔλλΠϓ͔͠࢖༻Ͱ͖ͳ͍
ECS Ͱ͍͏ CɺEntity ʹ෇͚Δ Component ͕ struct σʔλͰ͢ɻ஋Λ࣋ͨͤΔ͜ͱ͕த৺ʹͳ
Γ·͕͢ܕ੍ݶ͕ڧ͍ʢBlittable ܕͷΈʣͷͰ஫ҙ͕ඞཁͰ͢ɻ·ͨσʔλϦετʹ͓͍ͯ΋ैདྷ
ͷ࣮૷Ͱ Generic ͷ List ΍ DictionaryɺHashtableɺͦͯ͠഑ྻΛ͔ͳΓ࢖͖ͬͯͨͱࢥ͍·͕͢
͢΂ͯ࢖͑·ͤΜɻωΠςΟϒίʔυͰѻ͑Δ Blittable ܕͱͯ͠ɺ࢖͍׳Εͳ͍ NativeArray
ܕͰϦετΛ࣋ͪ·͢ɻࣗࡏʹ࢖͑ΔΑ͏ʹ͍͖ͯ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ
Component ͷ࢖༻ঢ়گ
Component ͸༗ແ͚ͩΛݟͯϑϥάͱͯ͠ѻ͍·͢ɻ͍͔ͭ͘ͷ Component ͷ૊Έ߹Θͤ΋ϑ
ϥάͱͯ͠ػೳ͠·͢ɻঢ়گ͕มԽ͢Δʹैͬͯ Entity ͷ Component Λ௥Ճ࡟আ͠ଓ͚ͯίϯτ
ϩʔϧ͠·͢ɻSystem ͷ update தͰ஋มߋ͢Δ৔߹͕͋Γ·͢ɻ͋Β͔͡Ίมߋ͢Δ Component
ͱมߋ͠ͳ͍ Component Λ໌ࣔతʹ ref in Ͱࢦఆͯ͠࢖͍·͢ɻJob γεςϜͰฒྻॲཧΛࢪ͢
৔߹͸ Component ͷσʔλॻ͖׵͕͑ڝ߹ͯ͠ยํ͔͠อଘ͞Εͳ͍Մೳੑ͕͋Γ·͢ɻNetCode
࢖༻࣌ʹ͸ Component ͷಛఆͷ ﬁeld Λಉظର৅ʹ͢Δ [GhostField] ଐੑΛ࢖͍·͢ɻ
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System
System ͸ SystemBase ͔ ComponentSystem ͔
System ͷ OnCreate ʹ RequireSingletonForUpdate ͷՔಇ൑ఆΛهड़্ཱ͕ͯͪ͠ΓͰఀࢭ
ͤ͞Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻSystemBase ͷ৔߹ɺOnUpdate ʹಉظॲཧͳΒ Entities.ForEach(...)
.Run() ͱ͍ͬͨϝκοτνΣΠϯΛهड़ͯ͠ΫΤϦΛॲཧ͠·͢ɻ·ͨ͸ฒྻॲཧʹରͯ͠͸ Ent
ities.ForEach(...).Schedule() ͱ͍ͬͨ۩߹ʹએݴΛม͑ͯݺͼग़͠·͢ɻͳ͓ ComponentS
ystem ͷ৔߹ɺOnUpdate ͳΒ Entities.ForEach(...) ͱɺएׯҧ͏هड़ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
Hybrid Renderer
package ʹؚ·Ε͓ͯΓಉ࣌ظʹऔΓೖΕΔલఏͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛ౿·͑ͯϨϯμϦϯάύΠϓϥΠϯ
ʹ͍ͭͯ΋ݴٴ͠·͢ɻ
Renderer ʹ͸૊ࠐΈϨϯμϦϯάύΠϓϥΠϯɺHDRPɺURP ͷ 3 छྨؚ͕·Ε·͕͢ɺ͞Β
ʹɺ։ൃͷऴྃͨ͠ V1 ͱੵۃతʹߋ৽͍ͯ͘͠ V2 ͷ 2 όʔδϣϯؚ͕·Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻͳ͓ V2 Ͱ
͸૊ࠐϨϯμϦϯάύΠϓϥΠϯʢϨΨγʔʣ͸αϙʔτ͍ͯ͠·ͤΜɻV2 ༗ޮԽʹ͸ ENABLE_HY
BRID_RENDERER_V2 ɹͷ Deﬁne Λ player ઃఆʹ͓͍ͯ༗ޮʹ͠·͢ɻ
ϋΠϒϦουΤϯςΟςΟ
ϋΠϒϦουΤϯςΟςΟʢHybridComponentʣΛ࢖༻͢ΔͱɺMonoBehaviour ίϯϙʔωϯ
τΛ IComponentData ʹม׵ͤͣʹ DOTS ΤϯςΟςΟʹΞλον͠·͢ɻม׵γεςϜ͸ AddH
ybridComponent Λݺͼग़ͯ͠ɺ؅ཧର৅ίϯϙʔωϯτΛ DOTS ΤϯςΟςΟʹ઀ଓ͠·͢ɻͭ
·Γ MonoBehaviour ͷ·· ECS ʹྲྀ͢खஈͱͳΓ·͢ɻγʔϯϝΠϯ camera ͸௨ৗ Entity ʹ͢
Δ͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͨΊ Hybrid ม׵Λ༗ޮʹ͢Δʹ͸ HYBRID_ENTITIES_CAMERA_CONVERSION Λ
ఆٛ͠·͢ɻͨͩ͠ Light/ TextMesh / ύʔςΟΫϧ/ Camera ౳ͷ؅ཧର৅ίϯϙʔωϯτ͸ε
ϨουηʔϑͰ͸ͳ͍ͨΊɺ͜ΕΒͷΫΤϦ͸όʔετίϯύΠϧͰ͖ͣɺϝΠϯεϨουͰ࣮ߦ͢
Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
DOTS αϙʔτ֎ϨΨγʔ Component Λ DOTS ʹ౉͍ͨ͠৔߹ɺGameObjectConversionSy
stem.OnUpdate() ɹΛ࣮૷͠ GameObjectConversionSystem.AddHybridComponent ʹର৅ͷϨ
Ψγʔ Component Λ༩͑Δ͜ͱͰ ECS ؀ڥͰ஋ͷมߋ͕Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔͱ͍͏΋ͷͰ͢ɻ
ECS ͷݺͼग़͠ํ
Unity ࣮ߦ࣌ʹ System ΛಡΈࠐΉ৔߹ͷ System ࢦఆͷબ୒ࢶ
• ࣗಈతʹશ ECS ͷ System Λ্ཱͪ͛Δ
• ໌ࣔతʹࢦఆ System ͷΈΛࢦఆ্ཱͪ͛͢Δ͜ͱ΋Մೳʢ͕ͩ namespace റΓ΍ assemble
ఆٛറΓͳͲͰબ୒తʹ։͘͜ͱ͕೉͍͠ʣ
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໌ࣔతʹ্ཱͪ͛Δͱͨ͠৔߹ʹ֤छ package ͷશߏ଄Λ೺Ѳ͠ଓ͚ΔΘ͚ʹ΋͍͔ͣɺݱ࣮త
ʹݱঢ়͸શಡΈࠐΈʹ଱͑ΒΕΔن໛ߏ଄Ͱ։ൃ͢Δ͜ͱʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
Unity ࣮ߦ࣌ʹ World ΛಡΈࠐ·ͳ͍৔߹ͷ World ࡞੒εςοϓ
• ໌ࣔతʹͱ͋ΔભҠͷஈ֊Ͱ World ͷੜ੒Λݺͼग़͢
• Convert ͷ࣮ߦΛ૸ΒͤΔͨΊ World Λੜ੒ͨ͠ͷͪ Scene ಡΈࠐΈΛ͢Δ
• Convert ݺͼग़͞Ε͸֤ scene ಡΈࠐΈˍ Awake ޙͷ 1 ճͰ͋Δ͜ͱʹ஫ҙͯ͠ Entity ੜ
੒Λ࣮૷͢Δ
• ήʔϜΛग़Δࡍʹ World Λ͢΂ͯഁغ͢Δʗ NetCode ͷ੾அΛ͢Δ
System ୯ମ͕ World ʹొ࿥͞Εͯ΋ػೳ͠ͳ͍ઃܭͰ͸Δ͸ͣͰ͢ͷͰɺWorld ʹొ࿥͞Εͨ͋
ͱ Convert ͰҾ͖ۚͱͳΔ Entity ͱ Component Λొ࿥͍ͨ͠ɻެࣜαϯϓϧͰ͍͏ͱ͜Ζͷ Ini
tGameComponent ͱ͍ͬͨϑϥάͷ໾ׂΛ͢Δ΋ͷΛੜ੒ͯ͠ System Λஈ֊తʹղ์ͤ͞·͢ɻ
NetCode Ͱ͸ IRpcCommand ߏ଄ମͷσʔλΛ࡞ͬͯ௨஌ΛૹΔ
SendRpcCommandRequestComponent ͱ೚ҙ IRpcCommand Λ Entity ʹ༩͓͑ͯ͘ͱ NetCode
ͷ System ͕ऩू͠ɺϑϨʔϜͷऴΘΓʹૹ৴ͯ͘͠ΕΔΑ͏ʹͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻड৴ଆ΋ࣅͨΑ͏
ʹɺReceiveRpcCommandRequestComponent ίϯϙʔωϯτΛ؂ࢹ͢Δ͜ͱͰड৴σʔλΛνΣο
Ϋ͍͖ͯ͠·͢ɻ·֤ͨΫϥΠΞϯτ 1 ਓʹ͖ͭ NetworkIdComponent ͕ 1 ͭ෇༩͞Ε͍ͯ·
͢ɻReceiveRpcCommandRequestComponent.SourceConnection ͷ Entity Λ GetSingleton()
Ͱ Component ݕࡧ͢Ε͹ NetworkIdComponent ͕औಘͰ͖ΔͷͰ NetworkIdComponent.Value
ͷϢʔβʔࣝผ ID ΛΈͯ୭ͷ௨৴͔Λ൑அ͍ͯ͘͠ͷͰ͢ɻ
ߴ଎ԽΛૂͬͨฒྻॲཧΛಋೖ͢Δ
ฒྻॲཧ͸͔ͬ͠Γܭըͯ͠ॲཧϑϩʔΛߟ͑ͳ͚Ε͹มߋ͕ফ໓͠·͢ɻ
ϚϧνεϨουϓϩάϥϛϯά͸΍͍ͬͯ·͔͢ʁ
DOTS ͱ JOB γεςϜͰ͍ͩͿΧδϡΞϧʹϚϧνεϨουͷϓϩάϥϛϯά͕Ͱ͖ΔΘ͚Ͱ͢
͕ɺ͏·͘ઃܭ͓͔ͯ͠ͳ͚Ε͹σʔλͷڝ߹͕ىͬͯ͜σʔλͷୣ͍߹͍ʹΑͬͯยํͷεϨου
Ͱͷ݁Ռ͔͠࢒Γ·ͤΜɻϚϧνεϨουͰϝΠϯεϨουҎ֎ͷ 1 εϨουʹಀͤ͹ྑ͍৔߹ͱɺ
ฒྻʹෳ਺εϨουΛ࢖༻ͨ͠ํ͕ྑ͍৔߹ͱ 2 ௨Γ͋Γ·͢ɻͲͪΒͷॲཧ͕ద੾͔Λঢ়گΛݟͯ
બ୒͠ɺޙऀͰ͋Ε͹ͦͷεϨουʹΑΔߋ৽தʹผεϨουͰಉҰ Component ͕ߋ৽͞Εͳ͍֬
ূ͕͋Δͷ͔Λݟ௚ͯ͠ݟ·͠ΐ͏ɻటপʹͳͬͨ৔߹ʹ͸ DOTS ͸͍ͭͰ΋ϝΠϯεϨουͰॲ
ཧ͢Δ Enities.WithoutBurst().ForEach(...).Run() ʹॻ͖׵͑ͯಉظॲཧʹ͢Δબ୒ࢶΛ༩
͑ͯ͘ΕΔͰ͠ΐ͏ɻ଎౓ͱҾ͖׵͑ʹɻ
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σʔλϑϩʔਤΛ࡞Δ͜ͱ͸ѹ౗తʹ࡞ۀઃܭίετΛԼ͛Δ
܁Γฦ͠ड़΂͖ͯͨΑ͏ɺͲ͜ͷ World ͰͲͷ Entity ͕Ͳ͜ͷ System ʹͳ͕Εͯʙ... ͱ͍͏͜
ͱ͕ෳࡶʹͳΓ΍͍͢ঢ়ଶͰ͢ɻࣗΒ͏·͘ࢥߟΛ੔ཧ͠ଓ͚Δ͜ͱ͕εϜʔζͳ։ൃʹ௚݁͠·
͢ɻͦͷͨΊৗʹɺύϫʔϙΠϯτͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷͰɺͲͷ System ͕Կ Component Λϑϥάͱͯ͠
ݟ͍ͯΔͷ͔ʙͱ͍ͬͨ͜ͱΛਤղͰॻ͖ཹΊΔ͜ͱ͕ඞཁͰ͢ɻ
ͱʹ͔͘ࢀরؔ܎͕ෳࡶʹͳΓ΍͍͢
ͱʹ͔͘ࢀরؔ܎͕ෳࡶʹͳΓ΍͍͢ͷͰɺECS ʹ༗ޮͳྑ͍ਤΛॻ͘ํ๏͕͋Ε͹ͥͻൃ৴͠
͍͖͍ͯͨͩͨ΋ͷͰ͢ɻࢀߟͱͯ͠ࠓճͷ։ൃʹ͋ͨͬͯ࡞ͬͨϑϩʔਤΛܝࡌ͠·͢ɻ
ਤ 4.1: ه๏
ʮه๏ʯͷ௨ΓɺMonoBehaviour ͱ ECS ͷ Client ͱ ECS ͷ Server ͷ 3 ΤϦΞͰ࣮૷͍ͯͨ͠
ͷͰ͜͏͍͏ܗͱͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻWorld ͕΋ͬͱଟ͍ͷͰ͋Ε͹֦ு͢Δ͜ͱʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
ਤ 4.2: ࣮૷ྫ
ʮ࣮૷ྫʯྫͷಡΈํ͸͋͑ͯઆ໌͠·ͤΜ͕ɺͶ͑...
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͍͖ͳΓݟ౉ͯ͠࡞Εͳ͍ͷͰԿ౓͔࡞ΓࣺͯΑ͏
·ͣ͸લهͷνϡʔτϦΞϧͱɺࣺͯϓϩδΣΫτΛ͍ͭ͘΋্ཱͪ͛ɺ࿅श։ൃʹணखͯ͠
DOTS ࣮૷ײ֮ΛੵΉͷ͕݁ہޮՌతͰ͠ΐ͏ɻ͍·͞ΒجຊͳΘ͚Ͱ͕͢ɺ։ൃظؒͷ 6 ׂҎ্
Λαϯϓϧमಘ࣌ؒʹׂΓ౰ͯΔ͜ͱͰ༧ఆظؒ಺ʹֶश։͔࢝ΒϓϨΠձ·Ͱ౸ୡͰ͖ͨɺͱ͍͏
͜ͱ͕࣮ࡍʹࢲ͕औΓ૊ΜͰಘΒΕͨޮՌతͳऔΓ૊ΈํͰͨ͠ɻ
ECS σʔλͷ࡞Γํͱ஫ҙ఺
˙1. Component Λ࡞੒͢Δ Entities.IComponentData Interface ͕ ECS ͷ Component Ͱ
͢ɻ೚ҙ Component Λ࡞੒͢Δ͜ͱ͔Β࢝·Γ·͢ɻ[GenerateAuthoringComponent] ଐੑΛ಄
ʹ͚ͭΔ͜ͱͰࣗಈతʹ ECS ʹ Convert ͯ͘͠ΕΔ MonoBehaviour ͕ੜ੒͞ΕɺϨΨγʔۭؒ
ͷ GameObject ΠϯεϖΫλͰ AddComponent Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΓ ECS ͷ Component ͕ొ࿥Ͱ͖
·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 4.2: SampleComponent.cs
1: using Unity.Entities;
2: [GenerateAuthoringComponent]
3: public struct SampleComponent : IComponentData{}
˙2. Entity ม׵ͷ४උ ্هͰ࡞੒ͨ͠ ECS ͷ Component ͕͍ͭͨ GameoObject Λ ECS ม׵
͢Δίϯόʔλʔ MonoBehaviour ͕ඞཁͰ͢ɻ͋ΔγʔϯʹͯಡΈࠐ·͍ͤͨ GameObject Λ഑
ஔ͠ɺECS ͷ Converter ͱͯ͠Քಇ͢Δ MonoBehaviour ίϯϙʔωϯτ Convert To Entity ΍
Sub Scene Λ GameObject ʹ෇͚Δ͜ͱͰͦͷ Object ҎԼ͕ࣗಈతʹ Entity ʹมΘΓ·͢ɻSub
Scene Ͱ͸ͦͷ໊ͷࣔ͢௨ΓɺUnity ͷ Scene Λ Entity ʹ͠ࢠ֊૚ʹϩʔυ͢Δख๏Ͱɺผ Scene
্ʹ૊ΈཱͯͨҰ࿈ͷ GameObject ܊Λ͋Β͔͡Ί Entity ΁γϦΞϥΠζ͓͖ͯ͠ಡΈࠐ·ͤΔ΋
ͷͰ͢ɻSubScene ༻ʹผͷϓϩηεͰ࡞੒ͨ͠ Scene Ͱ͋Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
ਤ 4.3: Convert To Entity
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ਤ 4.4: Sub Scene
˙3. ΧελϚΠζͯ͠ Entity ม׵͢Δ ͋Δ͍͸ࣗ਎Ͱ࣮૷ͨ͠ Converter ͷ MonoBehaviour Λ
෇͚ͯม׵͢Δ৔߹΋͋Γ·͢ɻEntities.IConvertGameObjectToEntity Interface Λ࢖ͬͯ Co
nvert Λ࣮૷͢Δ͜ͱͰίϯόʔτ࣌ʹͦΕҎ֎ͷม׵ɺͨͱ͑͹Α͘࢖͏΋ͷͱͯ͠ΠϯεϖΫλ
ʹࢦఆ͢Δ Prefab ͱ Mesh ͷ Entity ม׵͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
ޙड़ͷϦετ 4.3 ͸ɺConvert ͱ AwakeɺECS ͷ System ͰϩάΛు͘ςετίʔυͰ͢ͷͰࢀ
ߟʹͯ͠Έ͍ͯͩ͘͞ɻ
ਤ 4.5: convert tester
˙4. Convert ࣮ߦλΠϛϯάΛ͔ͭΉ Converter ͕࣮ߦ͞ΕΔλΠϛϯά͸ Scene ͕ݺͼग़
͞Εͨ௚ޙɺAwake ͷޙͰ͢ɻىಈ Scene Ͱ͋Ε͹ىಈ௚ޙͰ͢ɻͦ͜Ͱ༗ޮͳ GameObject ͷ
Converter ͕͋Ε͹ॳΊͯՔಇ͢Δɺͱ͍͏΋ͷͰ͢ɻ͜ͷλΠϛϯάΛཧղ͢Δͱશମͷܭը͕ε
ϜʔζʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
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ਤ 4.6: ࣮ߦϩά
˙5. Convert λΠϛϯάΛίϯτϩʔϧ͢Δ ·ͨɺUNITY_DISABLE_AUTOMATIC_SYSTEM_BOOTS
TRAP Λ playersetting Ͱ deﬁne ఆٛ͢Δͱ ECS ͷ Defalt World ͕࡞੒͞Εͳ͘ͳΓ·͢ɻͦͷ৔
߹ Converter ΋Քಇ͠ͳ͘ͳΓ·͢ɻͦͷޙ Converter Λಈ͔͢ʹ͸खಈͰɺDefaultWorldInit
ialization.Initialize(worldname, editorworld) Λݺͼग़ͯ͠ World Λ࡞੒ͨ͠ޙɺScene
ΛಡΈࠐ·ͤΔඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
˙6. SubScene Ͱ Convet ࡁΈ Entity Λݺͼग़͢ Sub Scene ͩͱ·ͨࣄ৘͕มΘΓ Convert
͕ݺ͹Ε·ͤΜɻEditor ্Ͱ SubScene Λ Edit ͷͨΊՄࢹʹ͍ͯ͠Δͱ౎౓ม׵͞Ε Convert ͕
࣮ߦ͞Ε·͕͢ดͯ͡͠·͑͹ Convert ͠ऴΘͬͨঢ়ଶ͕γϦΞϥΠζ͞Εɺݺ͹Εͳ͘ͳͬͯ͠
·͍·͢ɻConvert ʹ൐͍ GameObject ͱ MonoBehaviour ͸௨ৗഁغ͞Ε·͢ͷͰɺAwake ౳ͷ
Monobehaviour ؔ਺΋࣮ߦ͞Ε·ͤΜɻ
ਤ 4.7: ࣮ߦϩά
Unity ͷ DOTS քʹ͸༻ޠͰϨΨγʔͱ ECS ͕ࠞಉ͠΍͍͢෦෼͕ଟ͘஫ҙ͕ඞཁͰ͢ɻ
Component ͸ɺMonoBehaviour Ͱ΋ಉ໊Ͱ͢ͷͰɺECS ͷɺ΋͘͠͸ Entity ͷɺͱ෇͚͍ͯΔํ
ͷΈ͕ DOTS ͷ΋ͷΛࢦ͠·͢ɻScene ͸ɺ
Scene ͦͷ··ͩͱϨΨγʔͷ Scene Ͱ͕͢ɺ
SubScene
ͱ͍͏΋ͷ͸ɺผͷखଓ͖ʹΑͬͯ࡞੒͠γϦΞϥΠζͨ͠ Scene Λ Sub Scene MonoBehaviour
ίϯϙʔωϯτͰࢀরͤͨ͞ಡΈࠐΈํ๏ɺ·ͨ͸γϦΞϥΠζͨ͠ SceneʢSubSceneʣͦͷ΋ͷΛ
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ࢦ͠·͢ɻ
ਤ 4.8: New Sub Scene
Ϧετ 4.3: ConverterTester.cs(Entity Converter αϯϓϧ)
1: // Converter
2: // SceneͷGameObjectʹ͋Β͔͡ΊAddComponent͍ͯͩ͘͠͞
3: public class ConverterTester : MonoBehaviour,
4: IConvertGameObjectToEntity,IDeclareReferencedPrefabs
5: {
6: public void Convert(Entity entity,
7: EntityManager dstManager,
8: GameObjectConversionSystem conversionSystem)
9: {
10: Debug.Log($"ConverterTester / world name @"
11: +$"{dstManager.World.Name} {entity.Index} "
12: +$"{this.GetHashCode()}ɹ{this.GetType().Name}");
13: dstManager.AddComponent(entity);
14: }
15: private void Awake()
16: {
17: Debug.Log("ConverterTester awake");
18: }
19: }
20: // Component
21: public struct ConverterTesterComponent : IComponentData { }
22: // System
23: public class ConverterTesterSystem : SystemBase
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ୈ 4 ষ Ͱ͖ΔΑ Unity DOTS 4.9 ࠷ޙʹ
24: {
25: protected override void OnUpdate()
26: {
27: Entities
28: .WithoutBurst()
29: .ForEach((Entity e, ConverterTesterComponent tester) =>
30: {
31: Debug.Log($"tester {World.Name} {e.Index}");
32: }).Run();
33: }
34: }
Converter ͸ MonoBehaviour ͔Β ECS ͷ World ʹσʔλΛૹΓࠐΉॲཧ
Entity To Convert Ͱ͸ม׵࣌ʹ MonoBehaviour Λഁغ͢Δ͔ҡ࣋͢Δ͔બ୒Ͱ͖·͢ɻ௨ৗ
ഁغΛߦ͍ɺ͢΂ͯͷ GameObject ͸ফ໓͠ ECS ͷ Entity ʹஔ͖׵࣮͑ͯ૷Λ͍ͯ͘͠΋ͷʹͳ
Γ·͢ɻͨͩ͠ UnityEngine Ͱ͸͢΂͕ͯ DOTS ͰॲཧͰ͖ͳ͍ஈ֊Ͱ͢ͷͰɺϨΨγʔۭؒͰ࢖
༻͢Δ΋ͷ͸࢒͞ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΓ·ͤΜɻCameraɺLightɺUIɺAudioɺParticle ͸௨ৗม׵͠·ͤΜɻ
4.9 ࠷ޙʹ
͋͞ DOTS ͱ ECS ͕͓͓ΑͦͲ͏͍͏Ґஔ෇͚ͰͲ͏ߟ͑Δ΋ͷͳͷ͔͕ݟ౉ͤͨͰ͠ΐ͏͔ɻ
ޙ൒͸೉͕͠͞໨ཱͭهड़ʹͳ͍ͬͯ·͕ͨ͠ɺެࣜͷղઆಈըΛΈΔʹ Unity Technologies ࣾͷ
ਓ͕ͨͪ͜ͷ DOTS ʹ͍ͨ΁ΜΤΩαΠςΟϯάͯ͠औΓ૊ΜͰ͍Δͷ͕ݟͯऔΕ·ͨ͠ɻචऀࣗ
਎΋ DOTS ςΫϊϩδͰߏஙͰ͖ͨޙɺΠςϨʔγϣϯͷྑ͞ɺ࣮૷ͷ෼཭ੑɺ଎౓ʹ͍ͭͯɺ͜
Ε·Ͱʹͳ͍ັྗͱ͓΋͠Ζ͞Λײ͍ͯ͡·͢ɻશମͷਖ਼ࣜϦϦʔε·Ͱ͸·ͩ౰෼͔͔ΔΑ͏Ͱ͢
͕ɺऔΓ૊ΜͰͦͷҰ෦Λମײͯ͠ΈΔͱΤϯδχΞͱͯ͠΋ੈք͕·ͨ޿͕ΔΑ͏ͳؾ͕ͯ͠΍·
ͳ͍ͷͰ͢ɻ
ࢀߟ
• Unity DOTS Technology
– https://unity.com/ja/dots/packages
– https://github.com/Unity-Technologies
• ECS wikipedia
– https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ΤϯςΟςΟɾίϯϙʔωϯτɾγεςϜ
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ୈ 5 ষ
ήʔϜͷͨΊͷܦ࿏୳ࡧ
ຊষ͸ܦ࿏୳ࡧ͕ςʔϚͰ͢ɻܦ࿏୳ࡧ͸ɺ͋Δ஍఺͔Β͋Δ஍఺·ͰͷಓॱΛ୳͢ΞϧΰϦζϜ
Ͱ͢ɻܦ࿏୳ࡧ͸͍Ζ͍Ζͳ෼໺ͰԠ༻͞Ε͍ͯ·͕͢ɺຊষͰ͸ήʔϜͷΩϟϥ΁ͷԠ༻͠·͢ɻ
ࢲ͸ɺେઓུɺϑΝϛίϯ΢ΥʔζͳͲΛ༡ͼͳ͕ΒɺҠಈίετΛߟྀͨ͠ɺҠಈՄೳྖҬͷಛ
ఆ͸Ͳ͏΍͍ͬͯΔΜͩΖ͏ʁ ͱࢥ͍ͬͯ·ͨ͠ɻࠓͳΒΘ͔Γ·͢ɺܦ࿏୳ࡧΞϧΰϦζϜͰٻ
ΊΒΕ·͢ɻ
ܦ࿏୳ࡧ͸ɺͪΐͬͱݡ͍ఢΩϟϥΛ࡞Δ࣌ʹศརͰ͢ɻ·ͨɺઓུήʔϜʹ͓͍ͯ͸ࠜװػೳͰ
͢ɻຊষ͕ɺܦ࿏୳ࡧͷཧղͷҰॿʹͳΕ͹޾͍Ͱ͢ɻ
λʔήοτಡऀ
ήʔϜΛ͍͔ͭ͘࡞ͬͨܦݧ͕͋ΓɺͦΖͦΖݡ͍ఢͷಈ͖Λ࡞ͬͯΈ͍ͨਓɻԿΒ͔ͷཧ༝Ͱ
Unity ͷφϏϝογϡҎ֎ͷํ๏Λ୳͍ͯ͠Δਓɻ
ॻ͘͜ͱ
ܦ࿏୳ࡧͷجૅͰ͋ΔμΠΫετϥ๏ͱ A*Λઆ໌͠·͢ɻͦͷ͋ͱɺܦ࿏୳ࡧΛগ͠Ԡ༻͠·͢ɻ
΄΅ʮήʔϜ։ൃऀͷͨΊͷ AI ೖ໳ʯͷ 7 ষʮA*ΞϧΰϦζϜʹΑΔܦ࿏୳ࡧʯΛࢲ͕ Unity Ͱ
ίʔυΛॻ͖ͳ͕Βֶशɺݕূͨ͠಺༰ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
ॻ͔ͳ͍͜ͱ
ॲཧෛՙܰݮͳͲͷ࠷దԽʹ͍ͭͯ͸ॻ͖·ͤΜɻ
5.1 ήʔϜͷܦ࿏୳ࡧ
ήʔϜͰ͸ఢΩϟϥ͕ಈ͖·͢ɻఢ͕ಈ͘ͱ͍͏͜ͱ͸ɺ޿͍ҙຯͰఢͷ AI Λ࡞ͬͨ͜ͱʹͳΓ
·͢ɻఢͷ AI Λ࡞ΔͱҰݴͰݴͬͯ΋ɺήʔϜʹΑͬͯͦͷ AI ͸ผ෺ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ֨ಆήʔϜɺ
RTSɺFPSɺRPGɺΞΫγϣϯήʔϜ...ɺͦΕͧΕήʔϜͷϧʔϧͱ؀ڥ͕ҧ͍·͢ɻͦΕΒΛಉ
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ୈ 5 ষ ήʔϜͷͨΊͷܦ࿏୳ࡧ 5.2 ܦ࿏୳ࡧΞϧΰϦζϜ
͡ AI Ͱಈ͔͢͜ͱ͸ɺݱঢ়ࠔ೉Ͱ͢ͷͰɺήʔϜʹ߹Θͤͨ AI Λ࡞੒͠·͢ɻ΋ͪΖΜɺۙ೥ͷ
σΟʔϓϥʔχϯά΍ը૾ೝࣝͳͲ͕ͱͯ΋ൃల͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰɺকདྷ͸ͻͱͭͷ AI Ͱ࣮ݱ͞ΕΔ͔
΋͠Ε·ͤΜɻήʔϜͰ͢ͷͰɺAI ͸ݱ࣮తͳ࣌ؒͰॲཧ͕ऴྃ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
࠷ۙͷήʔϜ͸ͱ΋͔͘ɺੲ͸ AI ͱ͍͏ʹ͸େ͛͞ͳ͘͝୯७ͳ͔͚͠Ͱಈ࡞͍ͯ͠·ͨ͠ɻ·
ͨɺݱࡏͰ΋ɺఢΩϟϥ͸੡࡞ऀͷҙਤ௨Γʹಈ͘͜ͱ͕ୈҰͰ͢ɻͰ͖Δ͚ͩγεςϜΛγϯϓϧ
ʹอͬͯɺҙਤΛදݱ͠΍͘͢ௐ੔͠΍͘͢࡞Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
Unity ͷܦ࿏୳ࡧ
ۙ೥ɺݸਓͰ΋ձࣾͰ΋ήʔϜΛ࡞Δͱ͖ʹ͸ Unity Λ࢖༻͍ͯ͠·͢ɻUnity ʹ͸ܦ࿏୳ࡧͷػ
ೳͰ͋ΔφϏήʔγϣϯγεςϜؚ͕·Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻͦΕ͸ɺ3D ͷΦϒδΣΫτΛ഑ஔͨ͠΋ͷ͔
ΒɺࣗಈతʹφϏϝογϡΛੜ੒͠·͢ɻ·ͨɺΤʔδΣϯτ͕φϏϝογϡΛ࢖༻ͯ͠ɺ໨త஍·
Ͱ࠷୹ܦ࿏ͰҠಈ͠·͢ɻΤʔδΣϯτ͸ɺͦΕͧΕ͕ॏͳΒͳ͍Α͏ʹҠಈ͠·͢ɻ·ͨɺಈతʹ
ো֐෺ͷ௥Ճ΍࡟আ΋Ͱ͖·͢ɻܦ࿏୳ࡧ͸ෛՙͷߴ͍ॲཧͳͷͰ͕͢ɺඇಉظͰܭࢉͯ͘͠ΕΔͷ
ͰɺήʔϜ͕ݻ·Δ͜ͱ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻ
ͳͥɺܦ࿏୳ࡧΛࣗ࡞͍ͨ͠ͷ͔
Unity ͷφϏϝογϡͷ།Ұʹͯ͠࠷େͷܽ఺͸ɺϒϥοΫϘοΫεͰ͋Γ༥௨͕ޮ͔ͳ͍͜ͱ
Ͱ͢ɻΩϟϥͷҠಈܦ࿏͕௨ৗͷ࠷୹ܦ࿏͚ͩͳΒϒϥοΫϘοΫεͰ΋໰୊͋Γ·ͤΜɻ͔͠͠ɺ
ΩϟϥͷҠಈܦ࿏͕ΩϟϥͷݸੑͰ͋Γɺࡉ͔ͳΧελϚΠζ͕ඞཁͳ৔߹ɺϒϥοΫϘοΫεͰ͸
ߦ͖٧·ͬͯ͠·͍·͢ɻ
·ͨɺۙ೥αʔόαΠυͰΩϟϥͷ AI ΍ήʔϜͷਐߦΛ੍ޚ͍ͤͨ͞৔߹͕૿͍͑ͯ·͢ɻαʔ
όαΠυͰήʔϜͷϩδοΫΛಈ࡞ͤ͞Δͱɺνʔτߦҝʹڧ͘ͳΔ͜ͱ΍ɺ௨৴ͷϥάΛܰݮͰ͖
Δ͜ͱ͕ظ଴Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
աڈͷϓϩδΣΫτͰɺࢼ࡞ஈ֊Ͱ Unity ͷφϏήʔγϣϯΛ࢖༻ͯ͠ಈ͍͍ͯͨΩϟϥͷ AI
ΛɺαʔόͰಈ࡞ͤ͞Δ͜ͱʹ͠·ͨ͠ɻͦͷͱ͖ʹɺαʔόαΠυͰ AI ͷҰ෦Ͱ͋Δܦ࿏୳ࡧ΋
࣮ߦ͔ͤͨͬͨ͞ͷͰ͕͢ɺεέδϡʔϧͷ౎߹΋͋Γɺ݁ہΫϥΠϯτͰܦ࿏୳ࡧΛߦͬͯͦͷ݁
ՌΛ֤୺຤ʹૹ৴͠·ͨ͠ɻۤ೑ͷࡦͩͬͨͷͰɺઃܭͱͯ͠͸͍ͼͭͳܗͰͨ͠ɻͦ͏͍͏ܦݧ΋
͋Γܦ࿏୳ࡧΛ਎ʹ͚ͭΑ͏ͱࢥ͍·ͨ͠ɻ
5.2 ܦ࿏୳ࡧΞϧΰϦζϜ
ܦ࿏୳ࡧͰ༗໊ͳͷ͸μΠΫετϥ๏ͱ A*(Τʔελʔ) Ͱ͢ɻμΠΫετϥ๏͸઀ଓ఺Λ૯౰ͨ
ΓͰ୳ࡧ͠·͢ɻA*͸μΠΫετϥ๏Λվྑͨ͠΋ͷͰɺώϡʔϦεςΟοΫؔ਺ͱ͍͏ίϯύε
ͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷΛ࢖ͬͯɺྑͦ͞͏ͳ఺͔Βॱʹ୳ࡧ͠·͢ɻWikipedia ͷμΠΫετϥ๏*1ͱɺA**2
*1 http://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=28019
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ʹΞϧΰϦζϜ͕ࡌ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻਖ਼௚ɺࢲ͸ͦΕΒΛಡΜͰ΋ҿΈࠐΊͣɺίʔυʹམͱ͠ࠐΊ·ͤ
ΜͰͨ͠ɻͦͷޙɺ
ʮήʔϜ։ൃऀͷͨΊͷ AI ೖ໳ʯ
ʢҎԼ AI ೖ໳ʣͷ 7 ষʮA*ΞϧΰϦζϜʹΑ
Δܦ࿏୳ࡧʯΛಡΜͰཧղͰ͖·ͨ͠ɻ
ཁૉͷઆ໌
ΞϧΰϦζϜͷઆ໌ʹೖΔલʹཁૉͷ໊લͱҙຯΛఆٛ͠·͢ɻ
• ϑΟʔϧυ
– ελʔτ:୳ࡧͷ։࢝఺Ͱ͢ɻ
– ΰʔϧ:୳ࡧͷऴྃ఺Ͱ͢ɻ
– น:௨Εͳ͍఺Ͱ͢ɻ
– ಓ:௨ΕΔ఺Ͱ͢ɻίετΛ࣋ͪ·͢ɻ
– ఢ:ڴҖ஋Λܭࢉ͢Δͱ͖ͷى఺ͱͳΓ·͢ɻ
ਤ 5.1 ͸ɺ୳ࡧͷର৅Ͱ͋ΔϑΟʔϧυϚοϓͰ͢ɻࠨԼʹελʔτ͕͋Γɺӈ্ʹΰʔϧ͕͋Γ
·͢ɻͦͷؒʹϒϩοΫ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
ਤ 5.1: ϑΟʔϧυϚοϓ
௖఺ͱล
ຊདྷɺμΠΫετϥ๏΍ A*͕ର৅ͱ͢Δͷ͸άϥϑͰ͢ɻάϥϑ͸ɺ௖఺ͱลͰఆٛ͞Ε·͢ɻ
ลʹ͸ϚΠφεͰ͸ͳ͍ॏΈΛ΋ͨͤΒΕ·͢ɻϚΠφεΛ࣋ͭ৔߹͸ผͷΞϧΰϦζϜ (ϕϧϚϯ
rϑΥʔυ๏ ) Λ࢖༻͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
ࠓճͷ୳ࡧର৅Ͱ͋ΔϑΟʔϧυ͸ɺήʔϜʹ࢖͍΍͍͢Α͏ʹάϦουϚοϓΛ 2 ࣍ݩ഑ྻͰද
ݱ͠·͢ɻ௖఺͸ɺ͜ͷάϦουϚοϓͷηϧͰ͢ɻล͸ɺηϧʹྡ઀͢Δ 8 ݸͷηϧͷؒʹ͋Δͱ
ఆٛ͠·͢ɻลͷॏΈ͸ɺྡ઀͢Δηϧʹίετͱͯ͠΋ͨͤ·͢ɻ
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μΠΫετϥ๏
ͬ͘͟Γ͍͏ͱɺ։࢝఺͔Βͦͷपғ΁ͷҠಈίετΛܭࢉͯ͠ɺͦͷίετͷ࠷খͷ఺ΛબΜ
Ͱɺͦͷ఺͔ΒͦͷपғͷίετΛܭࢉͯ͠ɺͦΕΒΛΰʔϧ͕ݟ͔ͭΔ·Ͱ܁Γฦ͠·͢ɻΰʔϧ
͕ݟ͔ͭͬͨΒɺΰʔϧ͔Βٯॱʹελʔτ·ͰͨͲͬͯɺܦ࿏ʹ͠·͢ɻ͢΂ͯͷ఺Λܭࢉͭ͘͠
ͨ͠Βΰʔϧͳ͠ͱͯ͠ऴྃ͠·͢ɻ
μΠΫετϥ๏ͷৄࡉΛઆ໌͢Δલʹɺਤ 5.2 Λݟ͍ͯͩ͘͞ɻ
ਤ 5.2: μΠΫετϥ๏
͜Ε͸ɺਤ 5.1 ͷϑΟʔϧυϚοϓΛμΠΫετϥ๏Ͱܦ࿏୳ࡧͨ݁͠ՌͰ͢ɻͦΕͧΕͷάϦο
υϚοϓΛઆ໌͠·͢ɻ
• State : ௖఺ͷঢ়ଶͰ͢ɻৄࡉ͸ޙड़͠·͢ɻ
• Cost : ελʔτ͔Βͦͷ఺ʹ౸ୡ͢Δ·ͰͷҠಈίετͰ͢ɻڑ཭ͷ߹ܭ஋Ͱ͢ɻ
• Before : ͦ͜ʹࢸΔ௚લͷҐஔͰ͢ɻࠨԼ͕ (0,0) Ͱ͢ɻ͜Ε͸ܦ࿏Λ࡞Δͱ͖ٯॱ͢Δͱ͖
ʹ࢖༻͠·͢ɻ
• Path : ελʔτ͔Βΰʔϧ·Ͱͷܦ࿏Ͱ͢ɻ
௖఺ (ηϧ) ͷঢ়ଶʹ͍ͭͯઆ໌͠·͢ɻ௖఺ͷঢ়ଶ͸ 4 ͭ͋Γ·͢ɻ
• ॳظঢ়ଶ (Init) : ܭࢉલͷॳظঢ়ଶͰ͢ɻ৘ใ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻ
• Φʔϓϯ (Open) : ܭࢉͷ్தͰ͢ɻޙͷܭࢉͰ஋্͕ॻ͖͞ΕΔ৔߹͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
• Ϋϩʔζ (Close) : ܭࢉࡁΈͰ͢ɻ֤छ৘ใ͸֬ఆ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ
• ϒϩοΫ (Block) : ௨Εͳ͍ͷͰܭࢉ͠·ͤΜɻ
ลͷॏΈͰ͋ΔҠಈίετ͸ɺڑ཭ͱ͠·͢ɻ্ԼࠨӈΛ 1 ͱ͠ɺࣼΊΛ 1.4(˺˽ 2) ʹ͠·͢ɻ
ͦΕͰ͸ɺμΠΫετϥ๏ͷΞϧΰϦζϜΛઆ໌͠·͢ɻ
1. ͢΂ͯͷ௖఺Λॳظঢ়ଶʹ͠·͢ɻ[State = Init, Cost = 0, Before = (0,0)]
2. ελʔτΛର৅఺ͱ͠·͢ɻ
3. ର৅఺ΛΫϩʔζʹ͠·͢ɻ
4. ର৅఺ͷपғ 8 ݸͷ఺Λ઀ଓ఺ͱ͠·͢ɻ
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5. ઀ଓ఺ͷঢ়ଶΛΦʔϓϯʹ͠·͢ɻ
6. ઀ଓ఺ͷίετΛܭࢉͯ͠ɺه࿥͠·͢ɻ(઀ଓ఺ͷίετ=ର৅఺ͷίετ + Ҡಈίετ)
7. ઀ଓ఺ͷ௚લͷҐஔ (Before) ʹର৅఺Λه࿥͠·͢ɻ
8. Φʔϓϯͷ఺͔Βɺίετ͕࠷খͷ఺ΛબΜͰର৅఺ʹ͠·͢ɻ
9. ର৅఺͕ΰʔϧʹͳΔ͔ɺΦʔϓϯ఺͕ͳ͘ͳΔ·Ͱɺ3 ʹ໭ͬͯ܁Γฦ͠·͢ɻ
10. ΰʔϧʹ౸ୡͨ͠Βɺ௚લͷҐஔ (Before) Λٯॱʹελʔτ·ͰͨͲͬͯܦ࿏ (Path) ͱ͠
·͢ɻ
11. Φʔϓϯ఺͕ͳ͘ͳͬͨ৔߹͸ɺ౸ୡෆՄೳͳͷͰܦ࿏͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻ
A*(A-Star, Τʔελʔ)
A*͸μΠΫετϥ๏ͷܭࢉྔΛݮΒͨ͢Ίʹվྑͨ͠΋ͷͰ͢ɻܭࢉྔΛݮΒͨ͢Ίʹɺίϯύ
εͷΑ͏ʹਐΉ΂͖ํ޲Λࣔ͢ʮώϡʔϦεςΟοΫؔ਺ʯΛ࢖༻͠·͢ɻώϡʔϦεςΟοΫؔ਺
͕ର৅ͱ͏·͘טΈ߹͍ͬͯΕ͹ɺܭࢉྔ͕͙ͬͱݮΓ·͢ɻ͜ͷྫͰ࢖༻͢ΔώϡʔϦεςΟο
Ϋؔ਺͸ɺҾ਺ͷ఺͔Βΰʔϧ΁ͷڑ཭Λฦ͠·͢ɻ͜ͷ৔߹ɺΰʔϧͱͷڑ཭͕খ͘͞ͳΔํ޲ʹ
ʮ࠷୹ܦ࿏͕͋Γͦ͏ʯͱ͍͏ҙຯʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
΋͠ɺώϡʔϦεςΟοΫؔ਺͕୳ࡧର৅ͱטΈ߹͍ͬͯͳ͍৔߹ɺܭࢉྔ͸ɺμΠΫετϥ๏ʹ
ώϡʔϦεςΟοΫؔ਺ͷܭࢉ෼௥Ճͨ͠΋ͷʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
A*ͷΞϧΰϦζϜ͸ɺઌͷμΠΫετϥ๏ͷ 8 ൪໨Λॻ͖׵͑ͨ΋ͷʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
ʮΦʔϓϯͷ఺
͔ΒɺίετͱώϡʔϦεςΟοΫؔ਺ͷ߹ܭ஋͕࠷খͷ఺ΛબΜͰର৅఺ʹ͠·͢ɻ
ʯ
ਤ 5.1 Λ A*Ͱ୳ࡧͨ݁͠Ռ͕ਤ 5.3 ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
• Huristic : ώϡʔϦεςΟοΫؔ਺ͷ஋Ͱ͢ɻ
ਤ 5.3: A*
μΠΫετϥ͸΄΅ϚοϓશମΛ୳ࡧ͍ͯͨ͠ͷʹൺ΂ͯɺA*͸ϒϩοΫΛආ͚Δ෼͚ͩܭࢉΛ
͓ͯ͠Γɺܭࢉྔ͕ݮ͍ͬͯΔͷ͕Θ͔Γ·͢ɻݫີʹ͸ϓϩϑΝΠϧΛͱΔඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ΋͠
͔͢ΔͱɺώϡʔϦεςΟοΫؔ਺͕ॏ͍͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜ͕ɺA*͸ɺͦΕ͸े෼͍ܰͱ͍͏લఏ͕
͋Γ·͢ɻ
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ୈ 5 ষ ήʔϜͷͨΊͷܦ࿏୳ࡧ 5.3 ܦ࿏୳ࡧͷԠ༻
5.3 ܦ࿏୳ࡧͷԠ༻
࠷୹ܦ࿏ΛٻΊΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨͷͰɺԠ༻͠·͢ɻμΠΫετϥ๏΋ A*΋ɺ࠷୹ܦ࿏Λݟ͚ͭ·
͢ɻ
ʮ࠷୹ʯͰ͢ͷͰɺ͍ۙҐஔʹ͍ΔΩϟϥ͸΄΅ಉ͡ܦ࿏ΛͨͲΓ·͢ɻଟগඇޮ཰ͳܦ࿏Ͱ΋ɺ
όϦΤʔγϣϯ͕๛͔ʹ͍ͨ͠৔߹Λߟ͑·͢ɻ
ΞϧΰϦζϜͰ͸ͳ͘ೖྗΛม͑Δ
ܦ࿏ͷόϦΤʔγϣϯΛ࡞Ζ͏ͱߟ͑ͨͱ͖ɺ࠷ॳ͸ΞϧΰϦζϜΛमਖ਼͠Α͏ͱ͠·ͨ͠ɻ͔͠
͠ɺͦͷΞϓϩʔνͰ͸Կ΋࣮ݱͰ͖·ͤΜͰͨ͠ɻ
͋Δͱ͖ɺೖྗΛมԽͤ͞Ε͹͓ͷͣͱ݁Ռ͕มΘΔ͜ͱʹؾ෇͖·ͨ͠ɻΞϧΰϦζϜ͸࠷୹ܦ
࿏Λ୳͢··Ͱ͕͢ɺ࠷୹Λఆٛ͢ΔίετϚοϓΛมԽͤ͞·͢ɻ
ϥϯμϜ஋ΛίετʹՃࢉ
͜͜·Ͱͷίετ͸ڑ཭Ͱ͋Γɺ্Լࠨӈ͸ 1ɺࣼΊ͸ 1.4 ͱ͍ͯ͠·ͨ͠ɻ͜ΕʹΏΒ͗Λ΋ͨ
ͤ·͢ɻ·ͣϑΟʔϧυίετϚοϓΛ௥Ճ͠·͢ɻ͜ͷϚοϓʹ 1ʙ3 ͷϥϯμϜ஋Λ͍Ε·͢ɻ
ͦͯ͠ɺίετͷܭࢉ࣌ʹͦͷ஋Λ্Լ͸ʷ 1 ഒɺࣼΊ͸ʷ 1.4 ഒʹͯ͠ɺA*ΛదԠ͠·͢ɻͦͷ
݁Ռ͸ɺਤ 5.4 Ͱ͢ɻܦ࿏ʹόϦΤʔγϣϯ͕Ͱ͖·ͨ͠ɻΞϧΰϦζϜ͸࠷୹ܦ࿏ΛٻΊ͍ͯ·͢
͕ɺͦͷίετ͕༳Β͙͜ͱͰܦ࿏ʹհೖͰ͖·ͨ͠ɻ
ਤ 5.4: ج४ίετʹΏΒ͗Λ༩͑Δ
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ୈ 5 ষ ήʔϜͷͨΊͷܦ࿏୳ࡧ 5.4 ·ͱΊ
ڴҖ஋ΛίετʹՃࢉ
΋͏গ͠ݡ͍ܦ࿏ΛٻΊ·͢ɻةͳ͍৔ॴ͔Βڑ཭ΛͱΔ͜ͱͰɺ࠷୹Ͱ͸ͳ͍͚ΕͲ΋ɺ҆શͳ
ܦ࿏ͰҠಈ͢ΔఢΛߟ͑·͢ɻઌ΄ͲϥϯμϜͷ஋ΛೖΕ͍ͯͨϑΟʔϧυίετϚοϓʹɺࠓ౓͸
ڴҖ౓ΛೖΕ·͢ɻڴҖ౓͸ఢ (Enemy) ʹ͍ۙ΄Ͳ஋͕େ͖͘ (2) ͳΓɺ཭ΕΔ΄Ͳখ͘͞ (1) ͳ
Γ·͢ɻ
͜ͷܭࢉ݁Ռ͕ਤ 5.5 Ͱ͢ɻڴҖ (Enemy) Λආ͚ͨܦ࿏ʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɻ
ਤ 5.5: ڴҖϚοϓΛߟྀͨ͠ܦ࿏
5.4 ·ͱΊ
༗໊ͳܦ࿏୳ࡧͰ͋ΔɺμΠΫετϥ๏ͱɺA*Λ࣮૷ͯ͠ɺͦͷڍಈΛ֬ೝ͠·ͨ͠ɻAI ೖ໳Λ
ಡΜͰཧղͨͭ͠΋Γʹͳ͍ͬͯͯ΋ɺ͍͟ίʔυΛॻ͜͏ͱࢥ͏ͱཧղͷ଍Γͳ͍ͱ͜Ζ͕ු͖ூ
ΓʹͳΓ·͢ɻ౰વͰ͕͢ɺࡉ͔͍఺·Ͱཧղ͠ͳ͍ͱίʔυ͸׬੒͠·ͤΜɻखΛಈ͔͢ॏཁੑΛ
࠶֬ೝ͢Δ͜ͱʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɻ·ͨɺUnity Ͱखܰʹ݁ՌΛදࣔͰ͖ͨͷͰɺΞϧΰϦζϜͷݕূ͕
༧૝Ҏ্ʹεϜʔζʹߦ͑·ͨ͠ɻ
ຊষͰܦ࿏୳ࡧΛςʔϚʹબΜͩͷ͸ɺݸਓతʹ RTS Λ࡞Ζ͏ͱاը͍ͯ͠Δ͔ΒͰ͢ɻܦ࿏୳
ࡧ͸ήʔϜͷࠜװ෦෼ʹͳΔͷͰɺҰ౓͔ͬ͠Γͱֶश͠Α͏ͱࢥ͍·ͨ͠ɻͰ͖Ε͹ɺήʔϜͷϓ
ϩτλΠϓͷ࡞੒·ͰͨͲΓண͖͔ͨͬͨͷͰ͕͢ɺ࢒೦ͳ͕Βؒʹ߹͍·ͤΜͰͨ͠ɻ
5.5 ͓·͚
ࢥ͍͍ͭͨ΋ͷͷݕূ͕ؒʹ߹Θͳ͔ͬͨΞΠσΞͰ͢ɻ
ෳ਺ͷλʔήοτ
ະݕূͰ͢ɻ
ʮෳ਺ͷఢ͕͍ͯɺ͍ۙఢʹ޲͔͏ʯ৔߹ɺA*͸࢖͑ͳ͍͜ͱʹؾ෇͖·ͨ͠ɻෳ਺
ͷ໨త஍͕͋Δͱɺ͏·͘ώϡʔϦεςΟοΫؔ਺ΛఆٛͰ͖ͳ͍͔ΒͰ͢ɻͲ͏΍Βɺ۪௚ʹμΠ
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ୈ 5 ষ ήʔϜͷͨΊͷܦ࿏୳ࡧ 5.6 ࢀߟ
Ϋετϥ๏Ͱൃݟͨ͠ఢʹ޲͔͏͔͠ͳͦ͞͏Ͱ͢ɻ
ؒ઀߈ܸΩϟϥͷܦ࿏
ະݕূͰ͢ɻؒ઀߈ܸͱ͸ɺͨͱ͑͹์෺ઢʹඈͿٷ໼ͷΑ͏ʹɺࣗ෼ͱఢͷؒʹো֐෺͕͋ͬͯ
΋౰ͨΔ߈ܸͰ͢ɻૉ௚ʹఢͷҐஔʹ޲͔͏ͱɺো֐෺ΛڬΜͰ҆શͳҐஔ͔Β߈ܸՄೳͱ͍͏༏Ґ
ੑ͕ࣦΘΕ·͢ɻͦͷͨΊ໨త஍Λɺఢʹؒ઀߈ܸ͕ಧ͘શ஍఺ʹઃఆ͠·͢ɻো֐෺ΛڬΜͩํ͕
༗རͰ͢ͷͰɺઌʹͷ໨త஍ͱఢͷؒʹো֐෺͕͋Δू߹Λ୳ࡧ͠·͢ɻݟ͔ͭΒͳ͚Ε͹ɺো֐෺
͕ͳ͍ํ΋ௐ΂·͢ɻ
5.6 ࢀߟ
•ʮήʔϜ։ൃऀͷͨΊͷ AI ೖ໳ʯ
*3
• WikipediaʮμΠΫετϥ๏ʯ
*4
• WikipediaʮA*ʯ
*5
*3 https://www.oreilly.co.jp/books/4873112168/
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ୈ 6 ষ
Unity ͷ Navigation ͷ׆༻
6.1 ࢝Ίʹ
ຊষͰ͸ɺUnity Λ༻͍ͯήʔϜ։ൃΛ͍ͯ͠ΔํΛର৅ʹɺUnity ͷ Navigation Λར༻͢Δ্
Ͱߟ͑Δ΂͖͜ͱ΍׆༻ྫʹ͍ͭͯड़΂·͢ɻNavigation ͸࣮ࡍʹ࢖ͬͯॳΊͯؾ෇͘ཁૉ͕͋ͬ
ͨͷͰɺͦΕ΋ަ͓͑ͭͭ఻͑͠·͢ɻ
લ൒Ͱ͸ Navigation ͷجຊతͳ৘ใ΍஫ҙ఺Λɺޙ൒Ͱ͸ϑϩοΩϯάΞϧΰϦζϜΛ૊Έ߹Θ
ͤͨԠ༻ྫΛ঺հ͠·͢ɻ
6.2 Navigation ͷجຊ
֓ཁ
Unity ʹ͸ Navigation ͱ͍͏ܦ࿏Ϛοϓͷ࡞੒ͱܦ࿏୳ࡧͷͨΊͷػೳ͕͋ΓɺΩϟϥΫλΛ໨
త஍ʹ༠ಋ͍ͤͨ͞৔߹ʹ࢖༻͠·͢ɻNavigation ͷओཁͳ༻ޠʹ NavMesh ͱ NavMeshAgent ͕
͋Γ·͢ɻ
NavMesh ͸ɺγʔϯ্ʹ͋ΔΦϒδΣΫτͷচ໘ʹ߹Θͤͯੜ੒͞ΕΔϝογϡͰ͢ɻೋ఺ؒͷ
࠷୹ܦ࿏ͷܭࢉ΍ɺNavMeshAgent ͷҠಈʹ࢖༻͞Ε·͢ɻ
NavMeshAgent ͸ɺΦϒδΣΫτΛ NavMesh ͷද໘ʹԊͬͯҠಈͤ͞ΔͨΊͷίϯϙʔωϯτ
Ͱ͢ɻSetDestination() Ͱ໨ඪ஍఺Λࢦఆ͢ΔͱࣗಈͰ࠷୹ܦ࿏ΛҠಈ͠·͢ɻ
NavMesh ͷ࡞੒΍جຊతͳૢ࡞ͳͲ͸ Unity ͷϚχϡΞϧ*1Λ͝ཡ͍ͩ͘͞ɻ
ΦϒδΣΫτͷҠಈํ๏ΛܾΊΔ
Unity ʹ͸ Rigidbody ΍ Animator ͳͲɺΦϒδΣΫτΛҠಈͤ͞Δػೳ͸͍͔ͭ͋͘Γ·͕͢ɺ
NavMeshAgent ΋ͦͷͻͱͭͰ͢ɻUnity ͷϚχϡΞϧʹهࡌ͞Ε͍ͯΔΑ͏ʹ*2ɺҠಈΛߦ͏ػ
ೳ͕ෳ਺͋Δͱڝ߹ͯ͠ҙਤ͠ͳ͍ಈ͖ʹͳΔͨΊɺ஫ҙ͕ඞཁͰ͢ɻ
*1 https://docs.unity3d.com/ja/current/Manual/Navigation.html
*2 https://docs.unity3d.com/ja/current/Manual/nav-MixingComponents.html
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ୈ 6 ষ Unity ͷ Navigation ͷ׆༻ 6.2 Navigation ͷجຊ
ͨͱ͑͹ɺNavMeshAgent ͱ Rigidbody Λ༗ޮʹ͢Δͱɺ྆ํ͕ҠಈॲཧΛߦͬͯ͠·͍ਖ਼͘͠
ಈ͖·ͤΜɻͦͷͨΊɺͲͪΒͷίϯϙʔωϯτͰҠಈͤ͞Δ͔ΛܾΊ͓ͯ͘ඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
෺ཧతͳಈ͖͕ෆཁͳήʔϜͷ৔߹͸ɺNavMeshAgent ͷΈΛΞλον͢Δͱྑ͍Ͱ͢ɻຊॻͰ
͸ͪ͜Βͷํ਑ͰਐΊ·͢ɻܦ࿏୳ࡧΛͭͭ͠෺ཧతͳڍಈ΋͍ͤͨ͞ήʔϜͷ৔߹͸޻෉͕ඞཁͰ
͢ɻͨͱ͑͹ɺҎԼͷΑ͏ͳํ๏͕ߟ͑ΒΕ·͢ɻ
• NavMeshAgent ͱ Rigidbody ΛΞλον͠ɺRigidbody ͷ isKinematic Λ true ʹ͠·͢ɻ
ʢ΄͔ͷ෺ମΛԡ͠ͷ͚ͳ͕ΒਐΈ·͕͢ɺຊਓ͸෺ཧతʹඈΜͩΓ௓ͶͨΓ͢Δ͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖
·ͤΜɻ
ʣ
• Rigidbody ͷΈΛΞλον͠ɺNavMesh.CalculatePath() Ͱܦ࿏Λऔಘ͠·͢ɻܦ࿏ʹԊͬ
ͯ Rigidbody Λಈ͔͠·͢ɻ
• NavMeshAgent ͱ Rigidbody ΛΞλον͠ɺNavMeshAgent ͷ isStop Λ true ʹ͠·͢ɻ
steeringTarget ʹ޲͔ͬͯ Rigidbody Λಈ͔͠·͢ɻ
ҎԼ͸ 3 ൪໨ͷྫͷ؆୯ͳ࣮૷Ͱ͢ɻ
Ϧετ 6.1: AgentWithRigidbody.cs
public class AgentWithRigidbody : MonoBehaviour
{
private NavMeshAgent _agent;
private Rigidbody _rigidbody;
private void Start()
{
_agent = GetComponent();
_agent.isStopped = true;
_agent.SetDestination(new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
_rigidbody = GetComponent();
}
private void FixedUpdate()
{
var direction = (_agent.steeringTarget - _rigidbody.position).normalized;
_rigidbody.AddForce(direction * 5.0f);
}
}
ܦ࿏୳ࡧͷ͘͠Έ
A*ͱ͍͏୳ࡧΞϧΰϦζϜΛ࢖༻͠ɺNavMesh ্ͷྡ઀͢ΔϙϦΰϯΛͨͲͬͯ࠷୹ܦ࿏ΛٻΊ
͍ͯΔΑ͏Ͱ͢*3ɻ͢΂ͯͷϙϦΰϯΛௐࠪ͢ΔΘ͚Ͱ͸͋Γ·ͤΜ͕ɺNavMesh ͷܗঢ়ʹΑͬͯ
*3 https://docs.unity3d.com/ja/Manual/nav-InnerWorkings.html
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ୈ 6 ষ Unity ͷ Navigation ͷ׆༻ 6.3 Navigation ͷԠ༻
͸ଟ͘ͷௐ͕ࠪඞཁʹͳΔ৔߹΋͋Γ·͢ɻ
NavMeshAgent ͷ SetDestination() ͸ඇಉظͰ࣮ߦ͞Εɺ1 ϑϨʔϜ͋ͨΓʹௐࠪͰ͖Δճ਺͸
NavMesh.pathﬁndingIterationsPerFrame ͰઃఆͰ͖·͢*4ɻ
NavMeshAgent Λܦ࿏୳ࡧҎ֎Ͱ΋࢖͏
࣮͸ NavMsehAgent ͷ velocity ͸֎෦͔ΒมߋͰ͖·͢ɻϢʔβʔͷೖྗͳͲʹΑͬͯ velocity
Λมߋ͢Ε͹ɺεςʔδͷ֎ʹམͪΔ৺഑ͳࣗ͘༝ʹҠಈͰ͖·͢ɻ
ن໛͕େ͖͘ͳͬͨࡍʹൃੜ͢Δ໰୊ͱͦͷղܾࡦ
NavMesh ͕େ͖͘ͳͬͨΓ NavMeshAgent ͕ଟ͘ͳΔͱɺશମͷܦ࿏୳ࡧͷܭࢉྔ͕૿͑ͯ͠
·͍·͢ɻ͜ͷͱ͖ɺҎԼͷΑ͏ͳ໰୊͕૝ఆ͞Ε·͢ɻ
• NavMeshAgent.SetDestination() Λ࣮ߦ͔ͯ͠ΒΤʔδΣϯτ͕ಈ͖ग़͢·Ͱʹ͕࣌ؒ૿Ճ
͠·͢ɻ(ϑϨʔϜϨʔτ͸௿Լ͠·ͤΜ)
• NavMesh.CalculatePath() ͷෛՙ্͕͕ΓɺϑϨʔϜϨʔτ͕௿Լ͠·͢ɻ
؆୯ͳղܾࡦ͸ɺSetDestination() ΍ CalculatePath() Λݺͼग़͢ස౓ΛݮΒ͢͜ͱͰ͢ɻͨͱ͑
͹ɺ໨ඪ஍఺͔Β͍ۙΤʔδΣϯτ͸ස౓Λଟ͘ɺԕ͍ΤʔδΣϯτ͸ස౓Λগͳ͘͠·͢ɻ
SetDestination() Λ࢖༻͍ͯ͠Δ৔߹͸ NavMesh.pathﬁndingIterationsPerFrame Λߴ͘ௐ੔͢
Δํ๏͕͋Γ·͢ɻϑϨʔϜ͋ͨΓͷෛՙ͕ߴ·ΓϑϨʔϜϨʔτ͕௿Լ͢ΔڪΕ͕͋Δ͜ͱʹ஫ҙ
͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ
ήʔϜʹΑͬͯ͸ Navigation Λར༻ͤͣผͷΞϧΰϦζϜʹஔ͖׵͑Δͱෛՙ͕ܰݮ͞ΕΔ͔΋
͠Ε·ͤΜɻͨͱ͑͹ɺ໨ඪ஍఺΍ো֐෺͕੩ࢭ͍ͯ͠ΔλϫʔσΟϑΣϯεͳͲͷήʔϜ͸ɺ୳ࡧ
ͰٻΊ֤ͨ஍఺ͷڑ཭ΛશΤʔδΣϯτʹڞ༗͢Δ͜ͱͰɺͦΕҎ߱ͷ୳ࡧॲཧΛলུͰ͖·͢ɻ
Navigation ͱผͷΞϧΰϦζϜΛซ༻ͯ͠શମͷܭࢉྔΛݮΒ͢ํ๏΋͋Γͦ͏Ͱ͢ɻ߲࣍Ͱ͸
ͦΕʹ͍ͭͯߟ͑ɺ࣮ݧͨ͠ྫΛड़΂·͢ɻ
6.3 Navigation ͷԠ༻
ผͷΞϧΰϦζϜͱซ༻͢ΔҊ
ࢲ͸ɺҰ෦ͷΤʔδΣϯτ͚͕ͩܦ࿏୳ࡧΛߦ͍ɺ΄͔ͷΤʔδΣϯτ͸ͦΕʹ௥ैͯ͠͸Ͳ͏
͔ɺͱߟ͑·ͨ͠ɻ௥ै͢ΔͨΊʹϑϩοΩϯάΞϧΰϦζϜ (Boids) ͕࢖͑ͦ͏Ͱ͢ɻNavigation
ͱϑϩοΩϯάΛ૊Έ߹ΘͤͨΤʔδΣϯτΛ࣮૷ͯ͠Έ·͢ɻ
*4 https://docs.unity3d.com/ja/ScriptReference/AI.NavMesh-pathfindingIterationsPerFrame.html
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ϑϩοΩϯάΞϧΰϦζϜΛ࣮૷͢Δ
·ͣ͸ϑϩοΩϯάΞϧΰϦζϜͷΈΛ࣮૷͠·͢ɻήʔϜ։ൃऀͷͨΊͷ AI ೖ໳*5Λࢀߟʹ͠
·ͨ͠ɻ
·ͣ͸पғͷΤʔδΣϯτΛऩू͠·͢ɻࠓճ͸؆୯ʹ͢ΔͨΊऩूͰ͖Δ֯౓͸ 360˃ͱ͠
·͢ɻ
Ϧετ 6.2: FlockingAgent.cs
[SerializeField]
private float _radius = 5.0f;
[SerializeField]
private float _separationRadius = 2.0f;
[SerializeField]
private float _steeringForce = 250.0f;
private NavMeshAgent _navMeshAgent;
private List _nearbyAgents = new List();
private void Start()
{
_navMeshAgent = GetComponent();
}
private void Update()
{
CollectNearbyAgents();
var steering = 0f;
if (_nearbyAgents.Count > 0)
{
steering += CalculateCohesionSteering(); // ݁߹
steering += CalculateAlignmentSteering(); // ੔ྻ
steering += CalculateSeparationSteering(); // ෼཭
}
transform.Rotate(0, steering * Time.deltaTime, 0);
_navMeshAgent.velocity = transform.forward * _navMeshAgent.speed;
}
private void CollectNearbyAgents()
{
var colliders = Physics.OverlapSphere(transform.position, _radius);
_nearbyAgents.Clear();
for (int i = 0; i < colliders.Length; i++)
{
*5 https://www.oreilly.co.jp/books/4873112168
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if (colliders[i].TryGetComponent(out var agent)
&& agent != _navMeshAgent)
{
_nearbyAgents.Add(agent);
}
}
}
࣍ʹɺ݁߹ɾ੔ྻɾ෼཭ͱ͍͏؍఺͔Βૢ଩ྗΛٻΊɺΤʔδΣϯτΛҠಈͤ͞·͢ɻ
݁߹ʹΑΔૢ଩ྗΛٻΊΔؔ਺͸ҎԼͷ௨ΓͰ͢ɻपғͷΤʔδΣϯτͷฏۉతͳҐஔʹ޲͔͏ྗ
Ͱ͢ɻ
private float CalculateCohesionSteering()
{
var averagePosition = Vector3.zero;
for (int i = 0; i < _nearbyAgents.Count; i++)
{
averagePosition += _nearbyAgents[i].transform.position;
}
averagePosition /= _nearbyAgents.Count;
var direction = (averagePosition - transform.position).normalized;
return GetSteeringFromDirection(direction);
}
੔ྻʹΑΔૢ଩ྗΛٻΊΔؔ਺͸ҎԼͷ௨ΓͰ͢ɻपғͷΤʔδΣϯτͷฏۉతͳํ޲Λ޲͘ྗ
Ͱ͢ɻ
private float CalculateAlignmentSteering()
{
var averageDirection = Vector3.zero;
{
averageDirection += _nearbyAgents[i].transform.forward;
}
averageDirection /= _nearbyAgents.Count;
return GetSteeringFromDirection(averageDirection.normalized);
}
݁߹ͱ੔ྻͰ༻͍ͨɺ໨ඪํ޲͔Βૢ଩ྗΛٻΊΔؔ਺ GetSteeringFromDirection() ͸ҎԼͷ௨
ΓͰ͢ɻ
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private float GetSteeringFromDirection(Vector3 direction)
{
var w = transform.InverseTransformDirection(direction);
var m = w.x < 0 ? -1 : 1;
var dot = Vector3.Dot(transform.forward, direction);
if (Mathf.Abs(dot) > 1)
{
return 0;
}
return m * _steeringForce * Mathf.Acos(dot) / Mathf.PI;
}
෼཭ʹΑΔૢ଩ྗΛٻΊΔؔ਺͸ҎԼͷ௨ΓͰ͢ɻۙ͗͢ΔΤʔδΣϯτ͔Β཭ΕΔྗͰ͢ɻ
private float CalculateSeparationSteering()
{
var totalSteering = 0f;
{
var agent = _nearbyAgents[i];
var distance = Vector3.Distance(transform.position, agent.transform.position);
if (distance < _separationRadius)
{
var w = transform.InverseTransformPoint(agent.transform.position).normalized;
var m = w.x < 0 ? 1 : -1;
totalSteering += m * _steeringForce * _separationRadius / distance;
}
}
return totalSteering;
}
࣮૷ͨ͠ΤʔδΣϯτΛେྔʹ഑ஔ࣮ͯ͠ߦ͢ΔͱɺूஂΛܗ੒ͯ͠Ҡಈ͠·͢ɻ
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ਤ 6.1: ϑϩοΩϯάͰಈ༷͘ࢠ
Ұ෦ͷΤʔδΣϯτ͚ͩܦ࿏Λܭࢉ͢Δ
Ұ෦ͷΤʔδΣϯτ͕໨ඪ·Ͱͷܦ࿏Λ࣋ͭΑ͏มߋΛՃ͍͖͑ͯ·͢ɻ
·ͣɺҠಈ໨ඪͱͯ͠ɺTarget ͱ͍͏໊લͷ GameObject Λγʔϯʹ࡞੒͓͖ͯ͠·͢ɻΤʔ
δΣϯτ͸ Start() ؔ਺಺Ͱ͜ͷ໨ඪΛऔಘ͠·͢*6ɻ
_target = GameObject.Find("Target").transform;
ۙ͘ʹܦ࿏࣋ͪΤʔδΣϯτ͕͍ͳ͍৔߹͸ɺNavMesh.CalculatePath() Ͱ࠷୹ܦ࿏Λܭࢉ͠·
͢ɻܭࢉͨ͠ܦ࿏Λ SetPath() Ͱઃఆ͢ΔͱɺΤʔδΣϯτ͕ܦ࿏ʹԊͬͯࣗಈͰҠಈ͠·͢ɻ
private void Update()
{
if (_navMeshAgent.hasPath)
{
// ܦ࿏Λ͍࣋ͬͯΔ৔߹ɺҠಈ͸NavMeshAgentʹ೚ͤΔ
return;
*6 Find() ͸ෛՙ͕ߴ͍Ͱ͕͢ɺࠓճ͸؆୯ʹ͢ΔͨΊʹ࢖༻͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ
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}
CollectNearbyAgents();
// पғʹܦ࿏࣋ͪΤʔδΣϯτ͕͍ͳ͚Ε͹ɺࣗ਎͕ܦ࿏Λ࣋ͭ
if (!HasPathAnyAgent())
{
var path = new NavMeshPath();
var complete = NavMesh.CalculatePath(
transform.position,
_target.position,
NavMesh.AllAreas,
path);
if (complete)
{
_navMeshAgent.SetPath(path);
return;
}
}
˞ ϑϩοΩϯάͷ࣮૷͸লུ
}
private bool HasPathAnyAgent()
{
{
if (_nearbyAgents[i].hasPath)
{
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
࣮ߦ͢Δͱɺܦ࿏࣋ͪΤʔδΣϯτʹ΄͔ͷΤʔδΣϯτ͕௥ै͠·ͨ͠ɻܦ࿏࣋ͪΤʔδΣϯτ
ʹ͸നؙΛද͍ࣔͯ͠·͢ɻ
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ਤ 6.2: ܦ࿏࣋ͪΤʔδΣϯτʹ௥ै͍ͯ͠Δ༷ࢠ
͔͠͠ɺܦ࿏࣋ͪΤʔδΣϯτ͕ूஂʹແࢹ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ΋ଟ͋͘Γ·ͨ͠ɻ
ਤ 6.3: ࠷ॳͷܦ࿏࣋ͪΤʔδΣϯτ͕ແࢹ͞Ε༷ͨࢠ
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ߟ࡯
ظ଴௨Γʹूஂ͕Ҡಈͨ͠৔߹΋͋Ε͹ɺूஂ͕ܦ࿏࣋ͪΤʔδΣϯτΛແࢹͯ͠Ͳ͔͜ʹߦͬͯ
͠·͏͜ͱ΋ଟ͋͘Γ·ͨ͠ɻϑϩοΩϯά͸पғͷΤʔδΣϯτʹ߹ΘͤΔ͜ͱͰूஂΛܗ੒͢Δ
ͨΊɺ1 ମͷΤʔδΣϯτ͕ผͷಈ͖Λͯ͠΋ूஂʹӨڹΛ༩͑ͮΒ͍ͷͩͱߟ͑ΒΕ·͢ɻ
·ͨɺࠓճ͸นΛߟྀ͍ͯ͠·ͤΜͰ͕ͨ͠ɺ࣮ࡍ͸นͷճආͳͲ΋ߦ͏ඞཁ͕͋ΔͨΊɺΑΓ෼
அ͕ൃੜ͠΍͘͢ͳΓ·͢ɻ
ಛఆͷΤʔδΣϯτͷಈ͖ʹपΓ͕ڧ͘ै͏Α͏ʹ͢Δʹ͸ɺΤʔδΣϯτ͝ͱʹӨڹ౓ (ॏΈ)
ΛઃఆͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͢ΔͳͲͷௐ੔͕ඞཁͦ͏Ͱ͢ɻ
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ୈ 7 ষ
70 ݸ͘Β͍ͷγΣʔμʔΛ·ͱΊͨ࿩
7.1 ΠϯτϩμΫγϣϯ
ຊষͰ͸ɺUnity Ͱ͍ΘΏΔ౷ҰγΣʔμʔΛ։ൃ͍ͯ͘͠ʹ͋ͨͬͯɺ͞·͟·ͳόϦΤʔγϣ
ϯΛ͍͔ʹ੍ޚ͢Δ͔ʹ͍ͭͯ Tips తʹ঺հ͠·͢ɻ
ର৅ಡऀ
ຊষ͸ɺUnity ͰγΣʔμʔΛॻ͍ͨ͜ͱ͕͋Δਓ޲͚ͷ಺༰ͱͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻUnity ͷγΣʔ
μʔ͸͍Ζ͍Ζ͋Γ·͕͢ɺதͰ΋ ShaderLab, HLSL/Cg ʹΑΔ௖఺γΣʔμʔɾϑϥάϝϯτ
γΣʔμʔΛલఏͱ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻҰํͰɺαʔϑΣεγΣʔμʔ͓Αͼ Shader Graph ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ѻ
͍·ͤΜɻ·ͨɺϞόΠϧɾϩʔΤϯυ (Universal Render Pipeline) Λ૝ఆ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻڞ௨͢Δ
෦෼΋͋Δͱࢥ͍·͕͢ɺϋΠΤϯυ޲͚ͩͱ·ͨࣄ৘͕ҟͳΔ͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜɻ
େྔͷγΣʔμʔ
ϓϩδΣΫτʹΑΓ͚Γͩͱࢥ͍·͕͢ɺϞσϧ΍ΤϑΣΫτͷදݱΛ࣮ݱ͢ΔͨΊʹΑΓଟػೳ
ͳγΣʔμʔΛ։ൃ͍ͯ͘͜͠ͱʹͳΔͱࢥ͍·͢ɻฐࣾʹ͓͍ͯ΋͍Ζ͍ΖͳϓϩδΣΫτͰͦΕ
ͧΕͷ࡞ΓํͰγΣʔμʔͷ։ൃ͕ߦΘΕ͖ͯ·ͨ͠ɻͦͷதͷϓϩδΣΫτͷҰͭ͸ɺଟ༷ͳཁ݅
ʹରԠ͢ΔͨΊʹ਺ଟ͘ͷγΣʔμʔ͕࡞ΒΕɺͦͷ਺͸࠷ऴతʹ 70 Ҏ্ʹ͓Αͼ·ͨ͠ʢਤ 7.1ʣ
ɻ
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ୈ 7 ষ 70 ݸ͘Β͍ͷγΣʔμʔΛ·ͱΊͨ࿩ 7.1 ΠϯτϩμΫγϣϯ
ਤ 7.1: େྔͷγΣʔμʔ*1
͜ΕΒ͸ͦΕͧΕ͕·ͬͨ͘ผ෺ͱ͍͏Θ͚Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɺҎԼͷػೳੑͷҧ͍ʹΑͬͯগͣͭ͠ҟͳ
Δͱ͍͏΋ͷͰ͢ɻ
• ෆಁ໌ɾ൒ಁ໌ͷ੾Γସ͑
• ϒϨϯυϞʔυͷ੾Γସ͑
• ֤छػೳͷ༗ޮɾແޮ
– ςΫενϟϛϥʔϦϯά
– ϥϯϓςΫενϟ
– ϑΥʔϧΦϑ
– etc.
ࢲ͕ݱࡏܞΘΔϓϩδΣΫτͰ͸ɺ౰ॳ͜ΕΒͷγΣʔμʔΛࢿ࢈ͱͯ͠׆༻͢Δ࿩͕ग़͍ͯ·͠
͕ͨɺࠓޙͷվम΍͞ΒͳΔཁ݅ରԠɺύϑΥʔϚϯε౳ͷ؍఺͔Βɺ͜ΕΒΛࢀߟʹͭͭ͠΋৽ن
ʹ౷ҰతͳγΣʔμʔΛ։ൃ͢Δ͜ͱʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɻ
γΣʔμʔΛڞ௨Խ͢ΔϞνϕʔγϣϯ
ίʔυత؍఺Ͱ͸ɺڞ௨෦෼ͷ࣮૷ʹมߋ͕ੜͨ͡ࡍʹमਖ਼͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍Օॴ͕ݮΓɺϝϯ
ςφϯείετ͕Լ͕Δ఺͕͋Γ·͢ɻγΣʔμʔϑΝΠϧ͕෼͔Ε͍ͯͯ΋#include Λ࢖༻ͯ͠
ίʔυͷڞ௨ԽΛਤΔ͜ͱ͸ՄೳͰ͕͢ɺґଘؔ܎΍هड़͕ෳࡶԽͯ͠͠·͏͜ͱͱɺShaderLab ଆ
ͷύϥϝʔλΛڞ௨؅ཧͰ͖ͳ͍ͱ͍͏఺Ͱɺ΍͸Γϝϯςφϯείετ͸ߴ͍ͱײ͡·͢ɻ
ύϑΥʔϚϯε؍఺Ͱ΋Ըܙ͕͋Γ·͢ɻUnity 2018 ͔Β͸ैདྷͷඳըγεςϜʹ୅ΘΔ֦ுՄ
*1 ໊લ͸࣮ࡍͷ΋ͷ͔Βएׯมߋ͍ͯ͠·͢
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ୈ 7 ষ 70 ݸ͘Β͍ͷγΣʔμʔΛ·ͱΊͨ࿩ 7.2 γΣʔμʔόϦΞϯτ
ೳͳඳըγεςϜͰ͋Δ Scriptable Render Pipeline (SRP) ͕ొ৔͠ɺSRP Batcher*2ͱ͍͏৽ͨ
ͳόονϯάγεςϜ͕࢖༻Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɻSRP Batcher ͸ҟͳΔϚςϦΞϧͰ͋ͬͯ
΋γΣʔμʔόϦΞϯτ͕ಉҰͰ͋Ε͹ޮ཰Խ͕ظ଴Ͱ͖Δͱ͍͏΋ͷͰ͢ɻٯʹݴ͑͹ɺγΣʔ
μʔόϦΞϯτҎલʹɺγΣʔμʔͦͷ΋ͷ͕ࡉ͔͘෼͔Ε͍ͯΔͱ SRP Batcher ͕ద༻Ͱ͖Δػ
ձ͸ۃΊͯগͳ͘ͳͬͯ͠·͍·͢ɻ
7.2 γΣʔμʔόϦΞϯτ
ػೳ͕෦෼తʹҟͳΔ͚ͩͰେ·͔ʹ͸ಉ͡Α͏ͳγΣʔμʔ͸ɺγΣʔμʔόϦΞϯτͱ࣮ͯ͠
૷͢Δͱ؅ཧ͠΍͍͢Ͱ͢ɻ
ҎԼͷγΣʔμʔ͸ɺγΣʔμʔΩʔϫʔυ MULTIPLY_VERTEX_COLOR ͕ఆٛ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͔Ͳ͏
͔ʹΑͬͯ 2 ͭͷγΣʔμʔόϦΞϯτ͕ੜ੒͞Ε·͢ɻMULTIPLY_VERTEX_COLOR ͕ఆٛ͞Εͯ
͍Δͱɺ௖఺γΣʔμʔ͔Β౉͞ΕͨΧϥʔΛςΫενϟΧϥʔʹ৐ࢉ͢Δɺͱ͍͏ػೳ͕ՃΘΓ
·͢ɻ
#pragma shader_feature _ MULTIPLY_VERTEX_COLOR
float4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
float4 color = tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv);
#ifdef MULTIPLY_VERTEX_COLOR
color.rgb *= i.color.rgb;
#endif
return color;
}
ShaderLab ଆͷ Properties Ͱ͸ɺҎԼͷΑ͏ʹ Toggle ଐੑʹΑͬͯϓϩύςΟͱγΣʔμʔ
ΩʔϫʔυΛؔ࿈෇͚·͢ɻ
*2 https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/SRPBatcher.html
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ୈ 7 ষ 70 ݸ͘Β͍ͷγΣʔμʔΛ·ͱΊͨ࿩ 7.2 γΣʔμʔόϦΞϯτ
Properties {
[Toggle(MULTIPLY_VERTEX_COLOR)]
_MultiplyVertexColor("Multiply Vertex Color", Float) = 0
}
shader_feature ͱ multi_compile
shader_feature ʹΑΔγΣʔμʔόϦΞϯτ͸ɺϏϧυ࣌ʹ࢖༻͞Ε͍ͯΔ΋ͷͷΈؚ͕·Ε·
͢ɻ࣮ߦ࣌ʹಈతʹόϦΞϯτΛ੾Γସ͍͑ͨ৔߹͸ɺmulti_compile Λ࢖༻͠·͢ɻmulti_com
pile Λ࢖༻͢Δͱɺ͢΂ͯͷόϦΞϯτ͕Ϗϧυʹؚ·Ε·͢ɻ
multi_compile Λෳ਺࢖͍ͬͯΔ৔߹ɺͦΕͧΕͷγΣʔμʔΩʔϫʔυͷ௚ੵͰόϦΞϯτͷ
ύλʔϯ͕૿͍͖͑ͯ·͢ɻγΣʔμʔͷίϯύΠϧ࣌ؒ૿ՃͱΞηοταΠζͷ૿Ճʹͭͳ͕Δͷ
Ͱɺmulti_compile ͸ඞཁͳ෦෼͚ͩͰ༻͍ΔΑ͏ʹ஫ҙ͕ඞཁͰ͢ɻ
·ͨɺmulti_compile Λ૊Έ߹Θͤͨ৔߹ɺͦΕΒ͢΂ͯͷγΣʔμʔΩʔϫʔυͷ૊Έ߹Θͤ
͝ͱͷόϦΞϯτ͕ੜ੒͞ΕΔͨΊɺരൃతʹόϦΞϯτ਺͕૿Ճ͠·͢ɻҎԼͷΑ͏ʹɺ5 छྨͷ
Ωʔϫʔυͱ 3 छྨͷΩʔϫʔυͷ૊Έ߹ΘͤͰ͸ɺ5 × 3 = 15 ௨ΓͷόϦΞϯτ͕ੜ੒͞Ε·͢ɻ
#pragma multi_compile A B C D E
#pragma multi_compile F G H
ਤ 7.2 ͷΑ͏ʹɺϏϧυʹؚ·ΕΔόϦΞϯτ਺͓ΑͼΩʔϫʔυͷ૊Έ߹Θͤ͸γΣʔμʔͷΠ
ϯεϖΫλ্Ͱ֬ೝͰ͖·͢ɻ͜͜ʹ͸ɺshader_feature Ͱએݴ͞Ε͍͔͍ͯͯͭͣΕ͔ͷϚςϦ
Ξϧʹؚ·Ε͍ͯΔγΣʔμʔΩʔϫʔυ΋ܭ্͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ
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ୈ 7 ষ 70 ݸ͘Β͍ͷγΣʔμʔΛ·ͱΊͨ࿩ 7.3 ςΫενϟͷϛϥʔϦϯά
ਤ 7.2
7.3 ςΫενϟͷϛϥʔϦϯά
ΤϑΣΫτʹ࢖ΘΕΔςΫενϟ͸ԁܗͷૉࡐ΋ଟ͘ɺ࢛෼ԁͷςΫενϟΛॎԣʹ UV ϛϥʔ
Ϧϯάͯ͠࢖༻͢Δ͜ͱͰɺ඼࣭ΛԼ͛Δ͜ͱͳ͘ςΫενϟͷղ૾౓Λ 1/4 ʹ཈͑Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖
·͢ɻ
͜͜Ͱ UV ϛϥʔϦϯάͱ͸ɺ0.5 ΑΓେ͖͍ UV ࠲ඪΛંΓฦ͢͜ͱΛࢦ͠·͢ɻςΫενϟ͔
ΒαϯϓϦϯά͢Δ࣮ࡍͷ UV ࠲ඪ (u′, v′) ͸
u′
v′
= 1 − 2
u
v
− 1
ͱͳΓ·͢ɻ
࣮͸ɺUnity 2017 ͰςΫενϟΠϯϙʔλʔͷ Wrap Mode ʹ Mirror Φϓγϣϯ͕௥Ճ͞Εɺ
γΣʔμʔଆͰͷ UV ϛϥʔϦϯάܭࢉ͕ͦ΋ͦ΋ෆཁʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɻ͜ͷ৔߹ɺςΫενϟͷλΠ
ϦϯάΛ 2 ʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰਤ 7.3 ͷΑ͏ʹඳըͰ͖·͢ɻ
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ୈ 7 ষ 70 ݸ͘Β͍ͷγΣʔμʔΛ·ͱΊͨ࿩ 7.4 ৚݅෼ذ
ਤ 7.3: Wrap Mode Λ Mirror ʹ༷ͨ͠ࢠ
7.4 ৚݅෼ذ
࢝ΊʹγΣʔμʔόϦΞϯτʹΑͬͯػೳΛ੾Γସ͑ΔྫΛࣔ͠·͕ͨ͠ɺ෼ذ΍ԋࢉʹΑͬͯڍ
ಈΛ੍ޚ͢Δํ͕Α͍৔߹΋͋Γ·͢ɻ
ͨͱ͑͹ɺγΣʔμʔόϦΞϯτͷྫͷ
#ifdef MULTIPLY_VERTEX_COLOR
#endif
ͱ͍͏෦෼͸ɺ
if (_MultiplyVertexColor != 0) {
}
ͱͯ͠΋ػೳੑ͸มΘΓ·ͤΜɻ͋Δ͍͸ɺ
color.rgb *= lerp(float3(1, 1, 1), i.color.rgb, _MultiplyVertexColor);
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΍
color.rgb = lerp(color.rgb, color.rgb * i.color.rgb, _MultiplyVertexColor);
ͷΑ͏ʹɺ৚݅෼ذͰ͸ͳ͘ܭࢉʹΑ੍ͬͯޚ͢Δ͜ͱ΋Ͱ͖·͢ɻಛʹϑϥάϝϯτγΣʔμʔʹ
͓͍ͯ͸ɺ৚݅෼ذͷίετ͕͔ͳΓେ͖͘ͳΔ͜ͱ͕͋ΔͷͰɺܭࢉʹΑ੍ͬͯޚ͢Δ͜ͱ͸Π
σΟΦϜతʹΑ͘ݟ͔͚Δҹ৅Ͱ͢ɻ
͜͏࣮ͨ͠૷Ͱ͸γΣʔμʔόϦΞϯτ͸ੜ੒͞Εͳ͍ͷͰɺ୯ҰͷγΣʔμʔͰ͜ͷػೳͷ༗ແ
Λ࢖͍෼͚Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
ͨͩ͜͠ͷํ๏͸ɺ݁Ռతʹ࢖༻͞Εͳ͍෦෼ͷܭࢉ΋࣮ߦ͞ΕΔͱ͍͏͜ͱʹ஫ҙ͕ඞཁͰ͢ɻ
ͨͱ͑͹ɺ
color = lerp(tex2D(_TexA, uv), tex2D(_TexB, uv), _TextureSwitch);
͜ͷίʔυ͸ɺ_TexA ͱ_TexB ͷ 2 ͭͷςΫενϟͷͲͪΒͷ৭Λ࢖༻͢Δ͔Λ_TextureSwitc
h ʹΑͬͯ੾Γସ͍͑ͯ·͢*3ɻ͔͠͠ɺςΫενϟͷϑΣονࣗମ͸ৗʹ 2 ͭ෼͕࣮ߦ͞Ε·͢ɻ
ίετͷ͔͔ΔॲཧΛ੾Γସ͑Δ৔߹͸γΣʔμʔόϦΞϯτʹͨ͠ํ͕Α͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏ɻ
Toggle vs MaterialToggle, or ToggleUI?
Float ͷϓϩύςΟΛ 0,1 ͷΦϯʗΦϑτάϧͱͯ͠࢖༻͍ͨ͠৔߹ɺToggle ଐੑΛ࢖͍ͬͯΔ
ํ͸ଟ͍ͷͰ͸ͳ͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏͔ɻ࣮͸͋·Γ஌ΒΕ͍ͯͳ͍͔΋͠Εͳ͍Ͱ͕͢ɺToggleUI ଐੑͱ
͍͏΋ͷ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
ҎԼͷΑ͏ʹϓϩύςΟΛఆٛͯ͠Έ·͢ɻ
Properties {
[Toggle]
_ToggleA("Toggle A", Float) = 0
[ToggleUI]
_ToggleB("Toggle B", Float) = 0
}
*3 _TextureSwitch ͕ 0,1 ͷτάϧ஋Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱΛߟ͑ͳ͚Ε͹ɺ2 ͭͷςΫενϟΛϒϨϯυ͍ͯ͠Δʹա͗·ͤΜɻ
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ਤ 7.4: τάϧͷදࣔ
ϚςϦΞϧͷΠϯεϖΫλ্Ͱ͸ͲͪΒ΋νΣοΫϘοΫεʹͳ͓ͬͯΓɺ஋΋໰୊ͳ͘Φϯͷ৔
߹͸ 1ɺΦϑͷ৔߹͸ 0 ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ͜͜Ͱɺ྆ํͷτάϧʹνΣοΫΛೖΕͨঢ়ଶͰɺΠϯεϖΫ
λΛ Debug Ϟʔυʹͯ͠Έ·͠ΐ͏ɻ
ਤ 7.5: ϚςϦΞϧΠϯεϖΫλͷ Debug දࣔ
Shader Keywords ʹ_TOGGLEA_ON ͕௥Ճ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ʢਤ 7.5ʣ
ɻ࣮͸ Toggle ଐੑΛ࢖༻͢Δͱ
ʮϓϩύςΟ໊ʢ͜ͷྫͰ͸_ToggleAʣΛ͢΂ͯେจࣈʹͨ͠΋ͷʹ_ON Λ෇Ճͨ͠γΣʔμʔΩʔ
ϫʔυʯͷ༗ޮແޮ͕࿈ಈ͠·͢ɻγΣʔμʔΩʔϫʔυΛ໌ࣔ͢Δ৔߹͸ [Toggle(_MY_KEYWORD
)] ͷΑ͏ʹهड़͠·͢ɻ
ҰํͰ ToggleUI ଐੑ͸୯ʹ UI ΛνΣοΫϘοΫεʹมߋ͢Δ΋ͷͰ͢ɻγΣʔμʔΩʔϫʔυ
Ͱ͸ͳ͘஋ͱͯ͠࢖༻͍ͨ͠༻్Ͱ͸ ToggleUI ଐੑͷํ͕ద͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ
࢖༻͠ͳ͍γΣʔμʔΩʔϫʔυ͕ҙਤͤͣఆٛ͞Εͯ͠·͏ͱ͍͔ͭ͘ෆ౎߹ͳ͜ͱ͕ੜ͡
·͢ɻ
• άϩʔόϧͳγΣʔμʔΩʔϫʔυͷ্ݶ਺Ͱ͋Δ 255 ݸʢ͏ͪ Unity ଆͰ 60 ݸ΄Ͳ࢖༻͞
ΕΔʣʹୡͯ͠͠·͏
• ͨͱ͑࢖༻͍ͯ͠ͳ͍γΣʔμʔΩʔϫʔυͰ͋ͬͯ΋ɺͦͷ༗ແʹΑͬͯ SRP Batching ͕
્֐͞ΕΔ
_TOGGLEA_ON ͕༗ޮʹͳͬͯ͠·͍ͬͯΔঢ়ଶͰ Frame Debugger Λ֬ೝ͢Δͱɺਤ 7.6 ͷΑ͏
ʹ SRP Batch ͕෼཭ͯ͠͠·͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱ͕෼͔Γ·͢ɻ·ͨɺshader_feature ΍ multi_comp
ile Ͱએݴ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍γΣʔμʔΩʔϫʔυʹ͍ͭͯ͸ Frame Debugger ্Ͱ Keywords ͱͯ͠ද
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ୈ 7 ষ 70 ݸ͘Β͍ͷγΣʔμʔΛ·ͱΊͨ࿩ 7.5 ShaderLab ύϥϝʔλͷϓϩύςΟԽ
ࣔ͞Εͳ͍ͨΊɺԿ͕ೖͬͯ͠·͍ͬͯΔͷ͔͕෼͔ΓͮΒ͘ɺ͜͏ͳΒͳ͍Α͏ʹؾΛ෇͚͍ͨͱ
͜ΖͰ͢ɻ
ਤ 7.6: Frame Debugger ͷදࣔ
ͱ͜ΖͰɺMaterialToggle ଐੑͰ͕͢ɺ࣮ͷͱ͜Ζ͸͜Ε͸ Toggle ଐੑͱಉҰͰ͢ɻ͜Εʹͭ
͍ͯ͸ɺMaterialPropertyDrawer Ϋϥεͷ GetShaderPropertyDrawer ϝιουͷ࣮૷*4ΛݟΔͱ
෼͔Γ·͕͢ɺଐੑͱͯ͠هड़͞ΕͨΫϥε໊͕ม਺ className ʹೖ͍ͬͯΔͱͯ͠
• className
• className + "Drawer"
• "Material" + className + "Drawer"
• etc.
ͱ͍ͬͨจࣈྻύλʔϯͰ࣮ࡍͷΫϥε໊ͱϚονϯά͞ΕΔͷͰɺToggle ΋ MaterialToggle
΋ MaterialToggleDrawer ʹϚον͠·͢ɻ΋ͪΖΜɺToggleUI, MaterialToggleUI ౳΋ಉ༷
Ͱ͢ɻ
7.5 ShaderLab ύϥϝʔλͷϓϩύςΟԽ
γΣʔμʔͷඳըઃఆʹؔ͢Δ಺༰͸ HLSL/Cg ʹΑΔ࣮૷ଆͰ͸ͳ͘ɺShaderLab ଆͰઃఆ͠
·͢ɻͨͱ͑͹ɺҎԼͷΑ͏ͳ߲໨͸Α͘໨ʹ͢Δ͔ͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ
• Cull: ΧϦϯάϞʔυ
*4 https://github.com/Unity-Technologies/UnityCsReference/tree/61f92bd (2021/07/02 ݱࡏ)
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• ZTest: ਂ౓ςετͷํ๏
• ZWrite: ਂ౓ॻ͖ࠐΈͷ༗ແ
• Blend: ϒϨϯυϞʔυ
·ͨɺ৔߹ʹΑͬͯ͸ Tags ͷهड़΋͍Ζ͍Ζͱม͑Δඞཁ͕͋ΔͰ͠ΐ͏ɻ
• RenderType
• Queue
ύϥϝʔλԽͷجຊ
ShaderLab ଆͰઃఆ͢Δύϥϝʔλʹ͸ɺProperties ͷ஋Λ༻͍Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻͨͱ͑͹ɺ
Properties {
_Cull("Cull Mode", Float) = 0
_ZTest("Z Test Mode", Float) = 0
_ZWrite("Z Write", Float) = 0
}
ͱ͍͏Α͏ͳϓϩύςΟΛఆٛ͠ɺ࣮ࡍͷύϥϝʔλ෦෼ʹ͸஋ͷ୅ΘΓʹ [] ͰғΜͩϓϩύςΟ
໊Λهड़͠·͢ɻ
Pass {
Cull [_Cull]
ZTest [_ZTest]
ZWrite [_ZWrite]
}
ToggleUI ଐੑ΍ Enum ଐੑ*5Λ࢖༻͢ΔͱɺΠϯεϖΫλͷද͕ࣔΑΓ෼͔Γ΍͘͢ͳΓ·͢ɻ
Properties {
[Enum(UnityEngine.Rendering.CullMode)]
_Cull("Cull Mode", Float) = 0
[Enum(UnityEngine.Rendering.CompareFunction)]
_ZTest("Z Test Mode", Float) = 0
[ToggleUI]
_ZWrite("Z Write", Float) = 0
*5 ϚςϦΞϧϓϩύςΟͷ Enum ଐੑʹهड़͢ΔΫϥε໊͸ System.Type ͷ Name ·ͨ͸ FullName ͱͷҰகͰ୳ࡧ͞
ΕΔͨΊɺ໊લۭؒΛؚΊͨϑϧωʔϜͰهड़͢ΔͱΑ͍Ͱ͢ɻ
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}
ਤ 7.7
ϒϨϯυϞʔυͷύϥϝʔλԽ
ϒϨϯυϞʔυͷجຊ
൒ಁ໌ͷඳըʹ͸ɺՃࢉ߹੒΍৐ࢉ߹੒ɺΞϧϑΝϒϨϯυͳͲɺ߹੒ͷํ๏͕͍Ζ͍Ζͱ͋Γ
·͢ɻ
Unity ͷγΣʔμʔͰ͸ɺ͜ΕΛܾఆ͢Δͷ͸ओʹ࣍ͷύϥϝʔλͰ͢ɻ
*6
• BlendOp Op
• Blend SrcFactor DstFactor
ϒϨϯυͷܭࢉ͸ɺલܠ৭ʢϒϨϯυ͢Δ৭ʣΛഎܠ৭ʢϒϨϯυઌͷ৭ʣʹͲͷΑ͏ʹ߹੒͢Δ
͔ΛͦΕͧΕʹର͢Δ܎਺ͱೋ߲ԋࢉʹΑͬͯදݱ͠·͢ɻલܠ৭Λ Cs
, എܠ৭Λ Cd
ͱ͢Δͱɺϒ
Ϩϯυ͸ҎԼͷࣜͰද͞Ε·͢ɻ
SrcFactor · Cs
⟨Op⟩ DstFactor · Cd
͜ΕΒͷύϥϝʔλͷ૊Έ߹ΘͤʹΑͬͯ͞·͟·ͳϒϨϯυΛදݱՄೳͰ͕͢ɺΑΓ൚༻తʹѻ
͏ͨΊʹ͸͍͔ͭ͘޻෉΋ඞཁͰ͢ɻ࣍અ͔Β͍͔ͭ͘ͷϒϨϯυํ๏ʹ͍ͭͯݟͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ
ΞϧϑΝϒϨϯυɺՃࢉ߹੒
ΞϧϑΝϒϨϯυͷܭࢉࣜ͸ҎԼͷΑ͏ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
As
Cs
+ (1 − As
)Cd
͜Εʹ૬౰͢Δ ShaderLab ͷهड़͸
BlendOp Add
Blend SrcAlpha OneMinusSrcAlpha
*6 ΑΓৄ͘͠͸ϚχϡΞϧ (https://docs.unity3d.com/ja/current/Manual/SL-Blend.html) Λࢀর͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ
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ͱͳΓ·͢ɻ
ҰํͰɺՃࢉ߹੒͸ҎԼͷΑ͏ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
As
Cs
+ 1 · Cd
͜Ε͸ɺΞϧϑΝϒϨϯυʹ͓͚Δ DstFactor ͕ OneMinusSrcAlpha ͔Β One ʹมΘ͚ͬͨͩͱ
͍͏͜ͱ͕෼͔Γ·͢ɻ
BlendOp Add
Blend SrcAlpha One
͜ΕΒ 2 ͭͷϒϨϯυํࣜ͸ϒϨϯυ܎਺ͷઃఆ͚ͩͰ੾Γସ͑Δ͜ͱͷͰ͖Δγϯϓϧͳ΋ͷͰ
͢ɻͰ͸ɺ΄͔ͷϒϨϯυํࣜ͸Ͳ͏Ͱ͠ΐ͏͔ɻ
εΫϦʔϯ߹੒
εΫϦʔϯ߹੒Λߟ͑ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ
·ͣɺЋ஋Λߟྀ͠ͳ͍εΫϦʔϯ߹੒͸ҎԼͷΑ͏ͳࣜʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
*7
Cs
+ (1 − Cs
)Cd
͜Ε͸ Blend One OneMinusSrcColor Ͱ࣮ݱͰ͖·͢ɻ
Ћ஋Λߟྀ͍ͨ͠৔߹͸Ͳ͏͢Ε͹Α͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏͔ɻЋ஋͕ 1 ͷ৔߹͸্هͷࣜͩͱͯ͠ɺЋ஋͕
0 ͷ৔߹͸ Cd
ͱͳͬͯ΄͍͠Ͱ͢ɻ͜ΕΛຬͨ͢߹੒ࣜ͸ɺલܠ৭ͷЋ஋Λ As
ͱͯ͠
As
Cs
+ (1 − As
Cs
)Cd
ͱ͍͏΋ͷΛߟ͑Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻͯ͞ɺCd
ͷ܎਺Ͱ͕͢ɺ͜Ε͸ Blend ύϥϝʔλͰ͸දݱͰ
͖·ͤΜɻͦ͜ͰɺAs
Cs
ΛϑϥάϝϯτγΣʔμʔͷग़ྗͱ͠ɺϒϨϯυ܎਺͸લड़ͷЋ஋Λߟྀ
͠ͳ͍εΫϦʔϯ߹੒ͷ΋ͷΛ࢖͍·͢ɻ
float4 color;
...
return color.rgb * color.a; // ϑϥάϝϯτγΣʔμʔͷग़ྗ
͜ͷΑ͏ʹɺϒϨϯυํࣜʹΑͬͯ͸ϑϥάϝϯτγΣʔμʔ্ͰЋ஋Λ৐ࢉͨ͠ΧϥʔΛग़ྗ͢
Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
*7 εΫϦʔϯ߹੒͸ʮഎܠ৭ͱલܠ৭Λ൓స͠ɺ৐ࢉ߹੒ͨ݁͠ՌΛ൓సʯ
ɺ͢ͳΘͪ 1 − (1 − Cs)(1 − Cd) ͱઆ໌͞Ε
Δ͜ͱ΋͋Γ·͢ɻ
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৐ࢉ߹੒
ಉ༷ʹɺ৐ࢉ߹੒ʹ͍ͭͯ΋ߟ͑ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ
·ͣɺЋ஋Λߟྀ͠ͳ͍৔߹ͷ৐ࢉ߹੒͸
0 · Cs
+ Cs
· Cd
͢ͳΘͪ
Blend Zero SrcColor
ͱͳΓ·͢ɻ
ͯ͞ɺ͜ͷ৐ࢉ߹੒ʹ͓͍ͯʮЋ஋Λߟྀ͢Δʯͱ͸Ͳ͏͍͏͜ͱͰ͠ΐ͏͔ɻ͜͜Ͱ͸ɺલܠ৭
ͷЋ஋͕ 0 ͷ৔߹͸എܠ৭͕ͦͷ··ʹͳΔͱ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ
0 · Cs
+ ((1 − As
) + As
Cs
) · Cd
εΫϦʔϯ߹੒ͷͱ͖ͱಉ༷ʹɺϑϥάϝϯτγΣʔμʔͷ࣌఺ͰЋ஋Λ൓ө͓ͤͯ͘͞ඞཁ͕͋
Γͦ͏Ͱ͢ɻͨͩ͠εΫϦʔϯ߹੒ͷͱ͖ͱ͸ҧ͍ɺЋ஋͸৐ࢉͰ͸ͳ͘നͱ Cs
ͷؒͷิؒ܎਺ͱ
ͯ͠͸ͨΒ͖·͢ɻ
float4 color;
...
return lerp(1, color.rgb, color.a); // ϑϥάϝϯτγΣʔμʔͷग़ྗ
Ћ஋ద༻෦෼ͷڞ௨Խ
εΫϦʔϯ߹੒ͱ৐ࢉ߹੒ͷͦΕͧΕͰɺࣅ͍ͯΔΑ͏ͰҟͳΔЋ஋ͷॲཧ͕ग़͖ͯ·ͨ͠ɻ
• εΫϦʔϯ߹੒: color.rgb * color.a
• ৐ࢉ߹੒: lerp(1, color.rgb, color.a)
ͨͩɺεΫϦʔϯ߹੒ͷํ΋ lerp ؔ਺Λ࢖ͬͯ lerp(0, color.rgb, color.a) ͱͯ͠΋ಉ஋
Ͱ͢ɻΑͬͯ͜ΕΒ 2 ͭ͸ʮЋ஋͕ 0 ͷͱ͖ʹϑϥάϝϯτγΣʔμʔ͕ग़ྗ͢Δ৭ʯ͚͕ͩҟͳͬ
͍ͯΔͱ͍͑·͢ɻ
float4 _BlendBaseColor; // γΣʔμʔϓϩύςΟܦ༝
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lerp(_BlendBaseColor.rgb, color.rgb, color.a); // Ћ஋൓ө
ϒϨϯυڞ௨Խͷ·ͱΊ
͜Ε·Ͱͷ͜ͱ͔Βɺ1 ͭͷγΣʔμʔͰ͞·͟·ͳϒϨϯυϞʔυʹରԠ͢ΔͨΊʹ͸ҎԼͷཁ
ૉΛ֎෦͔ΒઃఆͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
• _BlendOp: ϒϨϯυԋࢉࢠ
• _BlendSrc: લܠ৭ʹର͢Δ܎਺
• _BlendDst: എܠ৭ʹର͢Δ܎਺
• _BlendApplyAlpha: ϑϥάϝϯτγΣʔμʔଆͰЋ஋Λద༻͢Δ͔
• _BlendBaseColor: Ћ஋͕ 0 ͷͱ͖ʹϑϥάϝϯτγΣʔμʔ͕ग़ྗ͢Δ৭
·ͣɺϓϩύςΟΛఆٛ͠·͢ɻ
Properties {
[Enum(UnityEngine.Rendering.BlendOp)]
_BlendOp("Blend Op", Float) = 0
[Enum(UnityEngine.Rendering.BlendMode)]
_BlendSrc("Blend Src", Float) = 0
[Enum(UnityEngine.Rendering.BlendMode)]
_BlendDst("Blend Dst", Float) = 0
[Toggle(_BLEND_APPLY_ALPHA)] // #pragma shader_feature _BLEND_APPLY_ALPHA
_BlendApplyAlpha("Blend Apply Alpha", Float) = 0
_BlendBaseColor("Blend Base Color", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
}
ϒϨϯυϞʔυʹؔ͢Δύϥϝʔλ͸ ShaderLab ଆͷ Pass ಺౳ʹهड़͠·͢ɻ
BlendOp [_BlendOp]
Blend [_BlendSrc] [_BlendDst]
Ћ஋ͷద༻෦෼͸ϑϥάϝϯτγΣʔμʔଆͰ࣮૷͠·͢ɻ
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half4 _BlendBaseColor;
half4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
half4 color;
...
#if _BLEND_APPLY_ALPHA
color.rgb = lerp(_BlendBaseColor.rgb, color.rgb, color.a);
#endif
return color;
}
ਤ 7.8 ͸ɺಉҰͷςΫενϟΛࠨ͔ΒͦΕͧΕΞϧϑΝϒϨϯυɺՃࢉ߹੒ɺεΫϦʔϯ߹੒ɺ৐
ࢉ߹੒Ͱඳըͨ͠΋ͷͰ͢ɻ͢΂ͯಉҰͷγΣʔμʔΛ࢖༻͓ͯ͠ΓɺϚςϦΞϧͷϓϩύςΟΛͦ
ΕͧΕͷඳը޲͚ʹઃఆͯ͋͠Γ·͢ɻ
ਤ 7.8: छʑͷϒϨϯυඳը
λάͷ಺༰Λద੾ʹઃఆ͢Δ
γΣʔμʔΛهड़͢Δͱ͖ɺSubShader ΍ Pass ʹҎԼͷΑ͏ͳ Tags Λهड़͢Δͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ
Tags {
"RenderType" = "Opaque"
"Queue" = "Geometry"
}
1 ͭͷγΣʔμʔͰෆಁ໌Ϟʔυͱ൒ಁ໌ϞʔυΛ੾Γସ͑ΒΕΔΑ͏ʹ͍ͨ͠৔߹ɺ͜ͷ෦෼΋
ద੾ʹઃఆ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
Tags ͷ಺༰Λมߋ͢Δʹ͸ɺMaterial.SetOverrideTag ϝιουΛ࢖༻͠·͢ɻ
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ୈ 7 ষ 70 ݸ͘Β͍ͷγΣʔμʔΛ·ͱΊͨ࿩ 7.6 γΣʔμʔΛॻ͖΍͘͢͢Δ޻෉
material.SetOverrideTag("RenderType", "Transparent");
Queue ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ SetOverrideTag ϝιουͰ͸ͳ͘ɺMaterial.renderQueue ϓϩύςΟΛม
ߋ͠·͢ɻ
material.renderQueue = (int)RenderQueue.Transparent;
Tags ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɺඪ४ͷϚςϦΞϧΠϯεϖΫλͰ͸ૢ࡞͢Δ͜ͱ͕೉͍͠ͷͰɺෆಁ໌ɾ൒ಁ
໌ͷઃఆ಺༰ʹ߹ΘͤͯγΣʔμʔΤσΟλ౳Ͱ੍ޚ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
7.6 γΣʔμʔΛॻ͖΍͘͢͢Δ޻෉
Unity ͷγΣʔμʔ͸ ShaderLab ͱ͍͏ߏจͷதʹ HLSL/Cg ͷߏจ͕಺แ͞ΕΔߏ଄ͱͳͬͯ
͍·͢ɻ
Shader "Example" {
Properties {
_MainTex("Texture", 2D) = "white" {}
}
SubShader {
Tags {
}
Pass {
HLSLPROGRAM // #pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
sampler2D _MainTex;
...
return tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv);
}
ENDHLSL // }
}
}
2 ͭͷҟͳΔߏจ͕ࠞࡏ͍ͯ͠Δ͔Β͔ɺଟ͘ͷΤσΟλͰΠϯσϯτ΍ϑΥʔϚολͷڍಈ͕͓
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ୈ 7 ষ 70 ݸ͘Β͍ͷγΣʔμʔΛ·ͱΊͨ࿩ 7.7 ·ͱΊ
͔͘͠ͳΓ͕ͪͰ͢ɻ·ͨɺHLSL ෦෼ͷΠϯσϯτ͕શମతʹਂ͘ͳͬͯ͠·͍ಡΈͮΒ͍ҹ৅
Ͱ͢ɻ
γΣʔμʔΛຊ֨తʹॻ͖࢝ΊͨΒɺૣΊͷஈ֊Ͱ HLSL ෦෼Λ#include Ͱ෼ׂ͢Δͱݟ௨͕͠
ྑ͘ͳΓ·͢ɻ
*8
Example.shader
Shader "Example" {
Properties {
_MainTex("Texture", 2D) = "white" {}
}
SubShader {
Tags {
}
Pass {
HLSLPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#include "Includes/Example.hlsl"
ENDHLSL
}
}
}
Includes/Example.hlsl
sampler2D _MainTex;
...
return tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv);
}
͜ͷΑ͏ʹ͢ΔͱɺExample.hlsl ͸௨ৗͷ HLSL ϑΝΠϧͱͯ͠ѻ͑ΔͨΊɺಡΈ΍͘͢ΤσΟ
λͷαϙʔτ΋ظ଴Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
7.7 ·ͱΊ
γΣʔμʔΛ·ͱΊ͍͍ͯ͘Ζ͍Ζͳํ๏ʹ͍ͭͯ঺հ͠·ͨ͠ɻ࣮ࡍʹ͸ɺطଘͷγΣʔμʔΛ
·ͱΊͨͱ͍͏ΑΓ͸ɺࢀߟʹͭͭ͠৽ͨʹ౷ҰγΣʔμʔΛ։ൃ͢Δܗʹͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻݱঢ়ͷϓ
ϩδΣΫτͰ͸ɺ౷ҰγΣʔμʔͱͯ͠؅ཧ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺ։ൃ΍ϝϯςφϯείετΛ཈͑ͭͭ͞Β
*8 #pragma σΟϨΫςΟϒ͸ ShaderLab ଆͰهड़͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
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ୈ 7 ষ 70 ݸ͘Β͍ͷγΣʔμʔΛ·ͱΊͨ࿩ 7.7 ·ͱΊ
ʹଟذʹ౉Δػೳͷ௥Ճ͕ՄೳʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɻγΣʔμʔͱ͍͏ͱදݱΛ͍͔ʹ࣮૷͢Δ͔ͱ͍͏఺
͕·ͣ͋Δͱࢥ͍·͕͢ɺಛʹܧଓӡ༻Λ໨ࢦ͢ήʔϜʹ͓͍ͯ͸ίʔυͷڞ௨Խ΍ϝϯςφϯε
ίετɺγΣʔμʔίʔυͷϨϏϡʔͱ͍ͬͨ։ൃख๏ʹ͍ͭͯ΋͏·͘ӡ༻͍͖͍ͯͨ͠ͱ͜Ζ
Ͱ͢ɻ
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ஶऀ঺հ
দݪ ৴஧ (ୈ 1 ষ୲౰)
ॴଐ͸ϞϯεταʔόνʔϜͰ Ruby ΍ Go Λॻ͍ͯΔɻϓϩάϥϛϯά͕޷͖Ͱɺීஈ͸ਪ
͠ݴޠͷ Haskell Ͱ༡ΜͩΓɺ৽͍͠ϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠΛษڧͨ͠Γ͍ͯ͠ΔɻHaskell-jp
Ͱ΋ͪΐͪ͜ΐ͜׆ಈ΋͍ͯ͠Δɻ
ɹ
ߐാ୓࠸ (ୈ 2 ষ୲౰, Github: MokkeMeguru, Twitter: @MeguruMokke)
ֆΛඳ͖ͳ͕ΒαʔόϝΠϯʹίʔυॻ͖͓͡͞Μ͍ͯ͠Δ Lisp ͷຽͰ͢ɻશ଎લਐ DA!
ɹ
٢઒༐ଠ࿠ (ୈ 3 ষ୲౰, Github: yutaroyoshikawa)
࣍ੈ୅ΤϯλʔςΠϯϝϯτࣄۀຊ෦ ϥΠϒಈըϓϩμΫτ։ൃࣨॴଐ
ΠϯυΧϨʔͱ Web ͕޷͖Ͱ͢
ɹ
ాಹลً (ୈ 4 ষ୲౰)
։ൃຊ෦ CTO ࣨॴଐɻιϑτ΢ΣΞΤϯδχΞͱͯ͠ήʔϜ։ൃͱӡӦɺͦΕ͔Βऩӹੑ΍
ήʔϜੑͱ UX ໘౳ʑΫϦΤΠςΟϒʹ΋ܞΘ͖ͬͯ·ͨ͠ɻϓϩάϥϛϯάڭҭʹ͍ͭͯ
ͷֶशιϑτͱΧϦΩϡϥϜΛࣗࣾ಺Ͱ࡞Γɺதɾߴߍੜʹ޲͚ͯϓϩάϥϛϯάߨ࠲ͷߨࢣ
Ͱ΋׆ಈதɻ΄͔ࣾ಺ R&D ۀ຿΋ࢀՃɻ
ɹ
ϠϚϠλέγ (ୈ 5 ষ୲౰)
໘ന͍ήʔϜΛ࡞Δ࢓ࣄΛ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻݸਓͰίϯϐϡʔλΛ࢖Θͳ͍ήʔϜ΋࡞͍ͬͯ·
͢ɻೝΊ͍ͯ·ͤΜ͕ߦಈΛ෼ੳ͢ΔͱɺͲ͏΍Β͓ञ͕େ޷͖Ͱ͢ɻ
ɹ
਌઒େथ (ୈ 6 ষ୲౰, GitHub: eviltwo, Twitter: @daiki_all)
Unity ੡ήʔϜͷ։ൃΛ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻझຯͰ΋ήʔϜΛ࡞͓ͬͯΓɺ#unity1week ʹ΋࣌ʑ
ࢀՃ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ
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෇࿥ ஶऀ঺հ
ɹ
YuukiARIA (ୈ 7 ষ୲౰)
։ൃຊ෦ CTO ࣨॴଐɻٕज़ॻయ 6 ҎདྷͷࣥචʹͳΓ·͢ɻ࠷ۙ͸γΣʔμʔͷษڧதͰ͢ɻ
ɹ
ౢࣇ ະདྷ (Graphic designer / Art director)
ϛΫγΟ σβΠϯຊ෦ ΫϦΤΠςΟϒࣨ ૊৫։ൃάϧʔϓॴଐࠓճɺΞΠίϯΠϥετ΍ද
ࢴσβΠϯ౳Λ୲౰ɻ༻ޠͳͲษڧʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ʂ ײँɻ
ɹ
ਿా ֆඒ (੍࡞ਐߦ, GitHub: esugita, Twitter: @semisemi7)
ݩʑ͸ΤϯδχΞͰɺαʔόαΠυ͔ΒεϚϗΞϓϦ·Ͱ෯޿͘ܦݧ͍ͯ͠·͕͢ɺࠓ͸ɺ
DevRel ͱͯ͠ɺࣾ಺֎ͷٕज़ऀίϛϡχςΟͷࢧԉΛߦͬͨΓɺٕज़޿ใΛ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ
ɹ
تଟ ޭ࣍ (੍࡞Ξγετ, GitHub: kojikita, Twitter: @kojikita)
DevRel νʔϜͰษڧձ΍ΠϕϯτͷӡӦΛ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ࠷ۙ͸࢓ࣄ΋ݟͨ໨΋ YouTuber Խ
͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ
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mixi tech note #06
2021 ೥ 7 ݄ 10 ೔ɹॳ൛ୈ 1 ࡮ɹൃߦ
ஶɹऀ גࣜձࣾϛΫγΟ ༗ࢤ
ൃߦॴ גࣜձࣾϛΫγΟ
ҹ࡮ॴ ೔ޫاը
ɹ
mixi, Inc.

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mixi tech note #06

mixi tech note #06

MIXI ENGINEERS
PRO

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mixi tech note #06

mixi tech note #06

MIXI ENGINEERS PRO

More Decks by MIXI ENGINEERS

Other Decks in Technology

Featured

Transcript

MIXI ENGINEERS
PRO