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ソフトウェアの内部品質に生じる様々な問題は組織設計にその原因があることも多い / Intern...

mtx2s
November 21, 2023

ソフトウェアの内部品質に生じる様々な問題は組織設計にその原因があることも多い / Internal Quality Issues Caused by Organizational Design

2023-11-21 技術的負債に向き合う Online Conference
https://findy.connpass.com/event/297813/

mtx2s

November 21, 2023
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  1. Ұൠతʹɺʮٕज़తෛ࠴ʯͱฉ͍ͯ࿈૝͢Δͷ͸ʁ ٕज़తෛ࠴ 5FDIOJDBM%FCU ಺෦඼࣭ͷ໰୊ ʢಛʹอकੑͷ௿Լʣ Ұൠతʹ ࿈૝͢Δ΋ͷ ϓϩμΫτ։ൃͷੜ࢈ੑ͕ѱԽ ݱ৔Ͱࠔ͍ͬͯΔͷ͸͜͜ ࣮ࡍ͸ʮແ๳ͳෛ࠴ʢ3FDLMFTT%FCUʣʯ

    ˞ʮແ๳ͳෛ࠴ʢ3FDLMFTT%FCUʣʯʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɺԼهϖʔδ͔Β ϚʔςΟϯɾϑΝ΢ϥʔɺIUUQTNBSUJOGPXMFSDPNCMJLJ5FDIOJDBM%FCU2VBESBOUIUNM ཧղ༰қੑ ςετ༰қੑ มߋ༰қੑ ʢ঱ঢ়ʣ
  2. ίϯςϯπ w ٕज़తෛ࠴ͱ͸ʁ w ೰·͍͠ͷ͸ʮແ๳ͳෛ࠴ʯ w ݪҼͱͳͬͨ૊৫ઃܭͷΧλϩά w ڞ༗Ϧιʔεϓʔϧ w

    ෆ࿈ଓͳνʔϜ w ඇΦʔφʔγοϓ੍ w อकɾӡ༻ͷ෼཭ w ඼࣭อূͷҰۃूத w ߦ͖ա͗ͨݻఆԽ w υϝΠϯ஌ࣝͷաૄ஍ w ແྗͳଞݾ؅ཧܕνʔϜ w ૊৫ઃܭ͸ιϑτ΢ΣΞઃܭʹӨڹ͢Δ
  3. ίϯςϯπ w ٕज़తෛ࠴ͱ͸ʁ w ೰·͍͠ͷ͸ʮແ๳ͳෛ࠴ʯ w ݪҼͱͳͬͨ૊৫ઃܭͷΧλϩά w ڞ༗Ϧιʔεϓʔϧ w

    ෆ࿈ଓͳνʔϜ w ඇΦʔφʔγοϓ੍ w อकɾӡ༻ͷ෼཭ w ඼࣭อূͷҰۃूத w ߦ͖ա͗ͨݻఆԽ w υϝΠϯ஌ࣝͷաૄ஍ w ແྗͳଞݾ؅ཧܕνʔϜ w ૊৫ઃܭ͸ιϑτ΢ΣΞઃܭʹӨڹ͢Δ
  4. ࣮ࡍ͸ɺෛ࠴ΛॏͶΔ΄Ͳɺੜ࢈ੑ͕௿Լ͍ͯ͘͠ ྦྷੵػೳ ࣌ؒ ͔݄ ͔݄ ։ൃείʔϓ ͔݄ ݱ࣮ ཧ૝ ์ஔ͢Δͱੜ࢈ੑ͕ٯస͢Δ

    ෛ࠴͕େ͖͘ͳΔ΄Ͳརଉ͕๲ΒΈ ੜ࢈ੑ͕௿Լ͢Δ ʢσβΠϯϖΠΦϑϥΠϯʣ ʢอकੑ͕௿Լʣ ˞σβΠϯϖΠΦϑϥΠϯʢ%FTJHO1BZP ff -JOFʣʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɺԼهϖʔδΛࢀߟʹهࡌ ϚʔςΟϯɾϑΝ΢ϥʔɺIUUQTNBSUJOGPXMFSDPNCMJLJ%FTJHO4UBNJOB)ZQPUIFTJTIUNM
  5. ίϯςϯπ w ٕज़తෛ࠴ͱ͸ʁ w ೰·͍͠ͷ͸ʮແ๳ͳෛ࠴ʯ w ݪҼͱͳͬͨ૊৫ઃܭͷΧλϩά w ڞ༗Ϧιʔεϓʔϧ w

    ෆ࿈ଓͳνʔϜ w ඇΦʔφʔγοϓ੍ w อकɾӡ༻ͷ෼཭ w ඼࣭อূͷҰۃूத w ߦ͖ա͗ͨݻఆԽ w υϝΠϯ஌ࣝͷաૄ஍ w ແྗͳଞݾ؅ཧܕνʔϜ w ૊৫ઃܭ͸ιϑτ΢ΣΞઃܭʹӨڹ͢Δ
  6. ࠨԼୈ৅ݶແ๳Ͱແ֮ࣗͳෛ࠴  ର৅ͱ͢ΔϓϩμΫτΛద੾ʹઃܭ͢Δ஌ࣝ΍εΩϧΛ։ൃνʔϜ͕༗͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ ࣗ෼ͨͪͰ͸ίϯτϩʔϧͰ͖ͣɺ֮ࣗ΋ͳ͍··ɺෛ࠴ΛੵΈॏͶଓ͚Δ ྦྷੵػೳ ࣌ؒ ༏ΕͨઃܭʹΑΔ։ൃ ࣮ࡍͷ։ൃ ྦྷੵػೳ ࣌ؒ

    ࣮ࡍͷ։ൃ ։ൃείʔϓ ։ൃείʔϓ O O OB B ᶄ ༏ΕͨઃܭΛબ୒Ͱ͖ͨͳΒɺ΋ ͏গ͠ૣ͘ϦϦʔεͰ͖ͨ ᶃ ૿͑ଓ͚Δෛ࠴ʹΑͬͯརଉͷࢧ ෷͍ʹ௥ΘΕɺੜ࢈ੑ͕௿Լ͠ଓ ͚͍ͯΔ
  7. ࠨ্ୈ৅ݶແ๳Ͱҙਤతͳෛ࠴ ̎ ༏Εͨઃܭʹׂ࣌ؒ͘ͳͲͳ͍ͱߟ͑ɺΫΠοΫμʔςΟͰ΍ΔͱܾΊ͍ͯΔ ෛ࠴ʹΑΔੜ࢈ੑ௿ԼΛָ؍ࢹɺ͋Δ͍͸ܰࢹ͢Δ܏޲͕͋Δ ྦྷੵػೳ ࣌ؒ ༏ΕͨઃܭʹΑΔ։ൃ ΫΠοΫμʔςΟʹΑΔ։ൃ ྦྷੵػೳ ࣌ؒ

    ։ൃείʔϓ ։ൃείʔϓ O O OC σβΠϯ ϖΠΦϑϥΠϯ C O B B σβΠϯ ϖΠΦϑϥΠϯ ༏ΕͨઃܭʹΑΔ։ൃ ΫΠοΫμʔςΟʹΑΔ։ൃ ᶃ ༏ΕͨઃܭΑΓɺΫΠοΫμʔ ςΟͷํ͕ɺૣظͷϦϦʔεΛ࣮ ݱͰ͖Δͱߟ͍͑ͯΔ O B B ᶄ ࣮ࡍ͸ɺΫΠοΫμʔςΟͷબ ୒͕νʔϜͷεϐʔυΛୣ͏͜ͱ ʹܨ͕͍ͬͯΔ ։ൃऀ΍ؔ܎ऀͷೝࣝ ࣮ࡍ͸͜͏
  8. ӈ্ୈ৅ݶ৻ॏͰҙਤతͳෛ࠴ ̏ ૣظͷϦϦʔε͕ɺෛ࠴ʹΑΔੜ࢈ੑ௿ԼͱͷτϨʔυΦϑͩͱ஌͍ͬͯΔ ͦͷ্Ͱɺ߹ཧతͳҙࢥܾఆΛԼ͢ ྦྷੵػೳ ࣌ؒ ྦྷੵػೳ ࣌ؒ ։ൃείʔϓ O

    ᶄ ։ൃείʔϓ͕ϖΠΦϑϥΠϯΑ Γ্Ͱ͋Ε͹ɺνʔϜ͸ɺ༏Εͨ ઃܭΛબ୒͢Δ ᶃ ։ൃείʔϓ͕ϖΠΦϑϥΠϯΑ ΓԼͰ͋Ε͹ɺνʔϜ͸ɺૣظͷ ϦϦʔεͷͨΊʹෛ࠴Λબ୒͢Δ Մೳੑ͕͋Δ σβΠϯ ϖΠΦϑϥΠϯ O B B ෛ࠴Λબ୒ ༏ΕͨઃܭΛબ୒ C ෛ࠴Λબ୒ ༏ΕͨઃܭΛબ୒ O O C σβΠϯ ϖΠΦϑϥΠϯ ։ൃείʔϓ
  9. ӈԼୈ৅ݶ৻ॏͰແ֮ࣗͳෛ࠴  ϓϩδΣΫτΛ௨ͯ͠νʔϜ͕ಘֶͨͼͱɺࣗ෼͕ͨͪ࡞Γ্͛ͨιϑτ΢ΣΞͱͷ ဃ཭Λ໰୊ࢹ͍ͯ͠Δ ྦྷੵػೳ ࣌ؒ ΑΓదͨ͠ઃܭʹΑΔ։ൃ ྦྷੵػೳ ࣌ؒ ։ൃείʔϓ

    ։ൃείʔϓ O O σβΠϯ ϖΠΦϑϥΠϯ ༏ΕͨઃܭʹΑΔ։ൃ ᶃ νʔϜ͸ɺ༏ΕͨઃܭΛબ୒ͯ͠ ྑ͍࢓ࣄΛ΍Γऴ͕͑ͨʜʜ ᶄ ϓϩδΣΫτͰಘֶͨͼʹΑͬ ͯɺΑΓదͨ͠ઃܭΛཧղ͠ɺෛ ࠴Λ๊͑ͯ͠·͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱʹؾ ͮ͘ ༏ΕͨઃܭʹΑΔ։ൃ ΢ΥʔυɾΧχϯΨϜͷݴ͏ෛ࠴
  10. ৻ॏͳෛ࠴͸ɺʮ໰୊ʯͱ͸ݴ͑ͳ͍ ઃܭʹׂ࣌ؒ͘ ͳΜͯͳ͍͠ ݁Ռʹ΋੹೚࣋ͯͳ͍ ແ๳ 3FDLMFTT ϨΠϠʔԽͬͯԿʁ ҙਤత %FMJCFSBUF ແ֮ࣗ

    *OBEWFSUFOU ϦϦʔεΛ༏ઌ͢Δ͕ ͦͷ݁Ռ๊͑Δෛ࠴ʹ΋ ରॲ͢Δͭ΋Γͩ ࠓ͔ͩΒ෼͔Δ͕ ΑΓ࠷దͳબ୒ࢶ͕ ଞʹ͋ͬͨ ৻ॏ 1SVEFOU ˞Լهϖʔδʹܝࡌ͞ΕͨਤΛ΋ͱʹ࡞੒ ϚʔςΟϯɾϑΝ΢ϥʔɺIUUQTNBSUJOGPXMFSDPNCMJLJ5FDIOJDBM%FCU2VBESBOUIUNM ໰୊Ͱ͸ͳ͍
  11. ίϯςϯπ w ٕज़తෛ࠴ͱ͸ʁ w ೰·͍͠ͷ͸ʮແ๳ͳෛ࠴ʯ w ݪҼͱͳͬͨ૊৫ઃܭͷΧλϩά w ڞ༗Ϧιʔεϓʔϧ w

    ෆ࿈ଓͳνʔϜ w ඇΦʔφʔγοϓ੍ w อकɾӡ༻ͷ෼཭ w ඼࣭อূͷҰۃूத w ߦ͖ա͗ͨݻఆԽ w υϝΠϯ஌ࣝͷաૄ஍ w ແྗͳଞݾ؅ཧܕνʔϜ w ૊৫ઃܭ͸ιϑτ΢ΣΞઃܭʹӨڹ͢Δ
  12. ݪҼͱͳͬͨ૊৫ઃܭͷΧλϩά ˞৅ݶਤ͸ɺԼهϖʔδʹܝࡌ͞ΕͨਤΛ΋ͱʹ࡞੒ ϚʔςΟϯɾϑΝ΢ϥʔɺIUUQTNBSUJOGPXMFSDPNCMJLJ5FDIOJDBM%FCU2VBESBOUIUNM ແ๳ 3FDLMFTT ҙਤత %FMJCFSBUF ແ֮ࣗ *OBEWFSUFOU ৻ॏ

    1SVEFOU  ڞ༗Ϧιʔεϓʔϧ  ෆ࿈ଓͳνʔϜ  ඇΦʔφʔγοϓ੍  υϝΠϯ஌ࣝͷաૄ஍  ඼࣭อূͷҰۃूத  ߦ͖ա͗ͨݻఆԽ  อकɾӡ༻ͷ෼཭  ແྗͳଞݾ؅ཧܕνʔϜ ˞͜͜Ͱڍ͛Δ૊৫ઃܭ͸ͦΕͧΕಛఆͷࣄྫΛࢦ͍ͯ͠Δ΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺෳ਺ͷࣄྫͳͲΛ·ͱΊͯಛ௃Λൈ͖ͩͨ͠΋ͷͰ͢ ˞ฒͼॱʹಛʹҙຯ͸͋Γ·ͤΜ
  13. ڞ༗Ϧιʔεϓʔϧ ஌ࣝ΍εΩϧ ʢϓϩδΣΫτ΁ͷదਖ਼౓ʣ ˚ ʷ ̋ ʷ ˕ ΤϯδχΞϦϯά෦໳ ʢڞ༗Ϧιʔεϓʔϧʣ

     ϓϩδΣΫτνʔϜ     Ϛωʔδϟʔ ୈ৅ݶ ΫΠοΫμʔςΟ ୈ৅ݶ ஌ࣝෆ଍ɾεΩϧෆ଍ ҙਤత ແ֮ࣗ ແ๳
  14. ϓϩδΣΫτʹదͨ͠νʔϜฤ੒ʹͳΔ͔͸ӡ࣍ୈ ஌ࣝ΍εΩϧ ʢϓϩδΣΫτ΁ͷదਖ਼౓ʣ ˚ ʷ ̋ ʷ ˕ ΤϯδχΞϦϯά෦໳ ʢڞ༗Ϧιʔεϓʔϧʣ

     ϓϩδΣΫτνʔϜ     Ϛωʔδϟʔ εέδϡʔϧʹ͕ܺؒ͋ΔਓΛ ͳΜͱ͔ΞαΠϯ ༏लͳਓ΄Ͳ ϓϩδΣΫτΛֻ͚࣋ͪ ϕετϝϯόʔʹ͸ͳΒͳ͍
  15. ໰୊ͷ͋Δઃܭɾ࣮૷ͷࠞೖΛ๷͖͗Εͳ͍ ˚ ʷ ̋ ʷ ˕ ϓϩμΫτ ϓϩδΣΫτνʔϜ ಺෦඼࣭ͷѱԽΛ๷͖͗Εͳ͍ ɾ৴པؔ܎Λங͚͍ͯͳ͍

    ɾޓ͍ͷೳྗ΍ಛੑΛ஌Βͳ͍ ɾޓ͍ʹԕྀ͕͋Δঢ়ଶ ̋ ˚ ̋ ʷ ˕ ͏·͘ϑΥϩʔ͋͑ͣ͠ʜʜ ஌ࣝෆ଍ɾεΩϧෆ଍ ʷ ʷ ʷ ˚ ະ੒ख़ͳνʔϜϫʔΫ ܗ੒ظdࠞཚظʁ ʢλοΫϚϯϞσϧʣ ˚ ઃܭɾ࣮૷
  16. νʔϜΛݻఆԽͯ͠ϓϩδΣΫτΛΞαΠϯ͢Δ ΤϯδχΞϦϯά෦໳ ϓϩδΣΫτ " νʔϜ νʔϜ νʔϜ % $ #

    ݻఆνʔϜ੍ ϓϩδΣΫτΛνʔϜʹΞαΠϯ ޓ͍ʹϑΥϩʔ͋͑͠Δ νʔϜϫʔΫΛҭͯΔ ϓϩδΣΫτʹਓΛΞαΠϯ ΤϯδχΞΛϦιʔεͱଊ͑ͳ͍
  17. ෆ࿈ଓͳνʔϜ ୈ৅ݶ ΫΠοΫμʔςΟ ୈ৅ݶ ஌ࣝෆ଍ɾεΩϧෆ଍ ҙਤత ແ֮ࣗ ແ๳ " #

    $ % & ղࢄͨ͠લνʔϜ " ' ( ) * ฤ੒͞Εͨ৽νʔϜ ऴྃͨ͠લϓϩδΣΫτ ։࢝ͨ͠৽ϓϩδΣΫτ ϓϩμΫτ
  18. νʔϜͷෆ࿈ଓੑʹΑΔʮֶͼʯͷ૕ࣦ " # $ % & ղࢄͨ͠લνʔϜ " ' (

    ) * ฤ੒͞Εͨ৽νʔϜ ऴྃͨ͠લϓϩδΣΫτ ։࢝ͨ͠৽ϓϩδΣΫτ ֶͼͷ૕ࣦ લνʔϜͱ͸إͿΕ͕ҧ͏ νʔϜͷෆ࿈ଓੑ ϓϩμΫτ
  19. ϓϩμΫτ ෆे෼ͳ஌ࣝʹΑΔઃܭ͕಺෦඼࣭ͷ௿ԼΛট͘ ৽νʔϜ ৽ϓϩδΣΫτ ղࢄ ࣌ؒ νʔϜʹ஝ੵ͞Εֶͨͼ ʢυϝΠϯ஌ࣝͳͲʣ ʷ ઃܭ

    ॳظϑΣʔζͰͷѱ͍ઃܭ͕ ࠷ޙ·ͰඌΛҾ͘ ෆཧղʹΑΔ಺෦඼࣭ͷ௿Լ ॳظϑΣʔζ े෼ͳֶͼ͕ ·ͩ஝ੵ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍
  20. ϓϩμΫτʹରͯ͠νʔϜΛ૊৫Խ͠ɺ࿈ଓੑΛ࣋ͨͤΔ " # $ % & ऴྃͨ͠લϓϩδΣΫτ ։࢝ͨ͠৽ϓϩδΣΫτ νʔϜͷ࿈ଓੑ ϓϩμΫτ

    ୲౰νʔϜ ࣌ؒ νʔϜʹ஝ੵ͞Εֶͨͼ ʢυϝΠϯ஌ࣝͳͲʣ ઃܭɾ࣮૷ ̋ ϓϩμΫτʹରͯ͠։ൃνʔϜΛ૊৫Խ ϓϩδΣΫτʹରͯ͠ ֶͼ͕஝ੵ͞Ε͍ͯ͘ ಉҰνʔϜ͕୲౰ϓϩμΫτͷ ։ൃϓϩδΣΫτʹ܁Γฦ͠ܞΘΔ
  21. ϓϩηεͷ൓෮ͰֶͼΛ஝ੵͯ͠ෆ࣮֬ੑΛ่͍ͯ͘͠ ϓϩμΫτ ϓϩδΣΫτ΍ ΠςϨʔγϣϯ ϓϩδΣΫτ φϨοδ ϓϩμΫτ φϨοδ ৽ػೳ ͳͲ

    ํ๏ෆ࣮֬ੑ ͷ࡟ݮ ໨ඪෆ࣮֬ੑ ͷ࡟ݮ ϓϩδΣΫτ΍ΠςϨʔγϣϯͷ܁Γฦ͠ ෆ࣮֬ੑ ࣌ؒ νʔϜʹ஝ੵ͞Εֶͨͼ ʢυϝΠϯ஌ࣝͳͲʣ ϓϩηε Ξ΢τϓοτ ஝ੵ ޮՌ Ϣʔβʔɾ ϏδωεՁ஋ ͷ޲্ ෆ࣮֬ੑͷ௿ݮ ൓෮ ʮϓϩδΣΫτφϨοδʯʮϓϩμΫτφϨοδʯʮํ๏ෆ࣮֬ੑʯʮ໨ඪෆ࣮֬ੑʯ͸ɺ ϚΠΫɾίʔϯஶʰΞδϟΠϧͳݟੵΓͱܭըͮ͘ΓʱͷʮষςʔϚͷ༏ઌॱҐ෇͚ʯΑΓ
  22. ίϯϙʔωϯτʹมߋΛՃ͑Δ։ൃऀ͕ଟ਺ ίϯϙʔωϯτ ίϯϙʔωϯτ ίϯϙʔωϯτ มߋ มߋ มߋ มߋ มߋ มߋ

    ଟ͘ͷ։ൃऀ͕༷ʑͳҙਤͰมߋΛՃ͑Δ ڞ༗ ڞ༗ ڞ༗ ։ൃνʔϜ ։ൃνʔϜ ඞཁʹԠͯ͡୭Ͱ΋ίʔυมߋ͕Մೳ
  23. ίϯϙʔωϯτʹର͢ΔͦΕͧΕͷཧղɾܦݧͷόϥπΩ ίϯϙʔωϯτ ʷ ˚ ʷ ʷ ̋ ˚ ʷ ˕

    ˚ ίϯϙʔωϯτʹର͢Δཧղɾܦݧͷࠩ ։ൃνʔϜ ։ൃνʔϜ ʷ
  24. ͞Βʹɺେ੎Ͱͷมߋ͸ɺ֎෦඼࣭ͷ໰୊΋Ҿ͖ى͜͢ ϚΠΫϩιϑτͷࣗࣾ੡඼ʹର͢Δௐࠪ݁Ռɿ τʔλϧͷίϯτϦϏϡʔλʔ਺΍ɺϚΠφʔίϯτϦϏϡʔλʔ͕ଟ͍ίϯϙʔωϯτ͸ɺϦϦʔ εલޙʹ͓͚Δނো͕૿Ճ͢Δ w ίϯτϦϏϡʔλʔɿ 
 ίϯϙʔωϯτΛมߋίϛοτͨ͠ਓ w ϚΠφʔίϯτϦϏϡʔλʔɿ

    
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  25. ίʔυΛΦʔφʔγοϓ੍΁ ίϯϙʔωϯτ ίϯϙʔωϯτ ίϯϙʔωϯτ ڞಉॴ༗ ڞಉॴ༗ ڞಉॴ༗ ։ൃνʔϜ ։ൃνʔϜ ϓϩμΫτ΍ίϯϙʔωϯτɺίʔυʹ

    ಛఆͷΦʔφʔΛܾΊΔ ݸਓΛΦʔφʔͱͤͣɺνʔϜͰڞಉॴ༗͢Δ νʔϜ֎ʹରͯ͠͸ʮऑ͍ίʔυॴ༗ʯ͔ ͋Δ͍͸ʮڧ͍ίʔυॴ༗ʯͱ͢Δ
  26. νʔϜ֎ʹରͯ͠͸ʮऑ͍ڧ͍ίʔυॴ༗ʯ $PEF0XOFSTIJQc.BSUJO'PXMFS IUUQTNBSUJOGPXMFSDPNCMJLJ$PEF0XOFSTIJQIUNM ίϯϙʔωϯτ ΦʔφʔνʔϜ ʢڞಉॴ༗ʣ Ϛʔδ ϓϧϦΫ ίϯϙʔωϯτ ΦʔφʔνʔϜ

    ʢڞಉॴ༗ʣ มߋ มߋґཔ νʔϜ֎ʹର͢Δʮऑ͍ίʔυॴ༗ʯ νʔϜ֎ʹର͢Δʮڧ͍ίʔυॴ༗ʯ ίʔυͷมߋʹର͢Δ඼࣭ͷ੹೚͸ ΦʔφʔνʔϜ͕࣋ͭ
  27. :PVCVJMEJU ZPVSVOJU8FSOFS7PHFMT (JWJOHEFWFMPQFSTPQFSBUJPOBMSFTQPOTJCJMJUJFTIBTHSFBUMZFOIBODFEUIFRVBMJUZPGUIFTFSWJDFT  CPUIGSPNBDVTUPNFSBOEBUFDIOPMPHZQPJOUPGWJFX5IFUSBEJUJPOBMNPEFMJTUIBUZPVUBLFZPVS TPGUXBSFUPUIFXBMMUIBUTFQBSBUFTEFWFMPQNFOUBOEPQFSBUJPOT BOEUISPXJUPWFSBOEUIFO GPSHFUBCPVUJU/PUBU"NB[PO:PVCVJMEJU ZPVSVOJU5IJTCSJOHTEFWFMPQFSTJOUPDPOUBDUXJUI UIFEBZUPEBZPQFSBUJPOPGUIFJSTPGUXBSF*UBMTPCSJOHTUIFNJOUPEBZUPEBZDPOUBDUXJUIUIF

    DVTUPNFS5IJTDVTUPNFSGFFECBDLMPPQJTFTTFOUJBMGPSJNQSPWJOHUIFRVBMJUZPGUIFTFSWJDF ։ൃऀʹӡ༻੹೚Λ༩͑Δ͜ͱͰɺސ٬ͱٕज़ͷ྆ํͷ؍఺ʹ͓͍ͯɺαʔϏε඼࣭͕େ෯ʹ޲্͠ ͨɻैདྷͷϞσϧͰ͸ɺ։ൃͱӡ༻ΛִͯΔนӽ͠ʹιϑτ΢ΣΞΛ౤͛ࠐΜͰɺޙ͸๨Εͯ͠·͏ํ ࣜͰ͢ɻ"NB[POʹ͓͍ͯ͸ҧ͍·͢ɻ࡞ͬͨਓ͕ͨͪɺӡ༻΋୲͏ɻ͜ΕʹΑͬͯ։ൃऀΒ͸ɺࣗ෼ͨ ͪͷιϑτ΢ΣΞͷ೔ʑͷӡ༻ʹܞΘΔ͜ͱʹͳΔɻͦΕ͸·ͨɺސ٬ͱͷ೔ʑͷίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ Λ΋ͨΒ͠·͢ɻ͜ͷސ٬ϑΟʔυόοΫϧʔϓ͸ɺαʔϏε඼࣭ͷվળʹෆՄܽͰ͢ɻ ᶸ ᶹ "$POWFSTBUJPOXJUI8FSOFS7PHFMTc"$.2VFVF IUUQTRVFVFBDNPSHEFUBJMDGN JE
  28. νʔϜશମΞϓϩʔνΛͱΓɺ։ൃऀςετΛ։ൃνʔϜͷ੹຿ͱ͢Δ ։ൃνʔϜ ςετνʔϜ ։ൃऀςετ ੹຿ ɾϢχοτςετ ɾίϯϙʔωϯτςετ ɾػೳςετ ɾඇػೳςετ ɾFUD

    ڠྗ ඼࣭อূ ։ൃऀςετΛ։ൃνʔϜͷ੹຿ʹ ςετϑΣʔζ͚ͩʹཔΒͣɺ඼࣭Λཁૉ෼ղ͠ ͍ͭ୭͕ɺԿΛ୲͏ͷ͔Λ໌Β͔ʹ νʔϜશମΞϓϩʔν ʮνʔϜશମʯϓϥΫςΟεࣗମ͸ɺέϯτɾϕοΫஶʰΤΫετϦʔϜϓϩάϥϛϯάʱͷʮୈষ91νʔϜશମʯΑΓ ʮνʔϜશମΞϓϩʔνʢ8IPMF5FBN"QQSPBDIʣʯ͸ɺ+BOFU(SFHPSZ -JTB$SJTQJOஶ"HJMF5FTUJOHͷ$IBQUFS8IBU*T"HJMF5FTUJOH"OZXBZ ΑΓ
  29. νʔϜશମΞϓϩʔνʢ8IPMF5FBN"QQSPBDIʣ ӳจ͸ɺॻ੶"HJMF5FTUJOHͷ$IBQUFS8IBU*T"HJMF5FTUJOH"OZXBZ ΑΓҾ༻c+BOFU(SFHPSZ -JTB$SJTQJOஶ 8IPMF5FBN"QQSPBDI 0OFPGUIFCJHHFTUEJ ff FSFODFTJOBHJMFEFWFMPQNFOUWFSTVTUSBEJUJPOBMEFWFMPQNFOUJTUIFBHJMF lXIPMFUFBNzBQQSPBDI8JUIBHJMF JU`TOPUPOMZUIFUFTUFSTPSBRVBMJUZBTTVSBODFUFBNXIPGFFM

    SFTQPOTJCMFGPSRVBMJUZ8FEPO`UUIJOLPGlEFQBSUNFOUT zXFKVTUUIJOLPGUIFTLJMMTBOESFTPVSDFT XFOFFEUPEFMJWFSUIFCFTUQPTTJCMFQSPEVDU5IFGPDVTPGBHJMFEFWFMPQNFOUJTQSPEVDJOHIJHI RVBMJUZTPGUXBSFJOBUJNFGSBNFUIBUNBYJNJ[FTJUTWBMVFUPUIFCVTJOFTT5IJTJTUIFKPCPGUIF XIPMFUFBN OPUKVTUUFTUFSTPSEFTJHOBUFERVBMJUZBTTVSBODFQSPGFTTJPOBMT&WFSZPOFPOBOBHJMF UFBNHFUTlUFTUJOGFDUFEz5FTUT GSPNUIFVOJUMFWFMPOVQ ESJWFUIFDPEJOH IFMQUIFUFBNMFBSO IPXUIFBQQMJDBUJPOTIPVMEXPSL BOEMFUVTLOPXXIFOXF`SFlEPOFzXJUIBUBTLPSTUPSZ ᶸ ᶹ νʔϜશମΞϓϩʔν ΞδϟΠϧ։ൃͱैདྷͷ։ൃͷ࠷େͷҧ͍ͷͭ͸ɺΞδϟΠϧͷʮνʔϜશମʯΞϓϩʔνͰ͢ɻΞδ ϟΠϧͰ͸ɺ඼࣭ʹ੹೚Λײ͡Δͷ͸ςελʔ΍඼࣭อূνʔϜ͚ͩͰ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻʮ෦໳ʯʹ͍ͭ ͯߟ͑ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ࠷ߴͷϓϩμΫτΛಧ͚ΔͨΊʹඞཁͳεΩϧͱϦιʔεͷ͜ͱ͚ͩΛߟ͑· ͢ɻΞδϟΠϧ։ൃ͕ϑΥʔΧε͢Δͷ͸ɺϏδωεՁ஋Λ࠷େԽ͢Δظؒ಺ʹɺߴ඼࣭ͷιϑτ΢Σ ΞΛఏڙ͢͜ͱͰ͢ɻ͜Ε͸ɺςελʔ΍ɺࢦ໊͞Εͨ඼࣭อূͷઐ໳Ո͚ͩͰͳ͘ɺνʔϜશମͷ࢓ ࣄͰ͢ɻΞδϟΠϧνʔϜ͸શһ͕ʮςετ೤த঱ʢUFTUJOGFDUFEʣʯͰ͢ɻϢχοτϨϕϧ͔Β্ͷ ςετ͸ίʔσΟϯάΛਪਐ͠ɺΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕ͲͷΑ͏ʹಈ࡞͢΂͖͔ΛνʔϜֶ͕Ϳ͜ͱΛॿ ͚ɺλεΫ΍ετʔϦʔͷʮ׬ྃʯΛ஌Βͤͯ͘Ε·͢ɻ
  30. ։ൃऀςετʢ%FWFMPQFS5FTUJOHʣ ։ൃऀςετ ʢ%FWFMPQFS5FTUJOHʣ ػೳςετ ίϯϙʔωϯτςετ Ϣχοτςετ ඇػೳςετ Ϗδωε໘ ʢ#VTJOFTT'BDJOHʣ ٕज़໘

    ʢ5FDIOPMPHZ'BDJOHʣ νʔϜΛαϙʔτ͢Δ ʢ4VQQPSU5FBNʣ ϓϩμΫτΛ൷ධ͢Δ ʢ$SJUJRVF1SPEVDUʣ ୳ࡧςετ Ϣʔβʔड͚ೖΕςετ ʮΞδϟΠϧςετͷ৅ݶʯ͸ΞδϟΠϧ։ൃΛิ׬͢Διϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃख๏Ͱ͋ΔcNUYT IUUQTNUYTIBUFOBCMPHDPNFOUSZ
  31. ଐਓԽͨ͠ίʔυ͸ɺཧղ༰қੑ͕௿͍ ίϯϙʔωϯτ ͳͲ ଐਓԽ νʔϜ ྲྀಈੑͳ͠ ֤ࣗͷ࢓ࣄͷ΍ΓํΛ ݴޠԽɾՄࢹԽ͢Δಈػ͕ͳ͍ ݻఆԽ͞Εͨ໾ׂ෼୲Λ ่͖͔͚͕ͬ͢ͳ͍

    ਓ͕ಡΉ͜ͱΛલఏͱ͠ͳ͍ίʔυ ɾυΩϡϝϯτͳ͠ ɾίϝϯτͳ͠ ɾෳࡶԽͳͲ ཧղ༰қੑɿ௿ ௕͍ؒ ৽ϝϯόʔՃೖͳ͠ ʷ
  32. اըͱ։ൃͷۀ຿ػೳΛΦʔόʔϥοϓͤ͞ɺαΠϩԽΛղফ͢Δ ϓϩμΫτ ઃܭ اըνʔϜ ։ൃνʔϜ ࢢ৔ɾސ٬ υϝΠϯ஌ࣝྔɿ ର࿩ ෼ੳ ෼ੳɾ։ൃ

    اըɾ෼ੳ ੹຿ͱ͢Δۀ຿ػೳͷ Φʔόʔϥοϓ ΄΅ಉྔ αΠϩԽΛղফ ։ൃνʔϜͱυϝΠϯΤΩεύʔτΛ ີ઀ʹؔΘΒͤΔ ʢػೳԣஅܕνʔϜ΋ࢹ໺ʣ ֫ಘ͢ΔυϝΠϯ஌ࣝྔΛ૿΍͢ υϝΠϯ஌ࣝΛઃܭʹ૊ΈࠐΉ
  33. Ϛωʔδϟʔ ʢ؅ཧऀʣ ޓ͍ͷࢹ໺͕ҧ͏ʹ΋ؔΘΒͣɺݖݶ͕ۉ౳Ͱ͸ͳ͍ νʔϜ ؅ཧ Ϗδωε ιϑτ΢ΣΞ ։ൃ ߴ ௿dத

    ߴ ཧղ౓ ௿dத ݟ͑Δػೳ ʢৼΔ෣͍ʹؔ͢Δ΋ͷʣ ݟ͑ͳ͍ػೳ ʢߏ଄ʹؔ͢Δ΋ͷʣ ϢʔβʔɾϏδωεͷ ͨΊʹػೳ։ൃΛ ̋ ༏ઌ ಺෦඼࣭͕ ͦΖͦΖʜʜ ʷ ٫Լ ࢹ໺͕ҧ͏ ঢ়گΛ೺Ѳ͍ͯ͠Δ ݱ৔ͷҙݟ
  34. ಺෦඼࣭ͷ໰୊͕ঃʑʹੵΈ্͕Γɺੜ࢈ੑͱ඼࣭Λ௿Լ͍ͤͯ͘͞ νʔϜ Ϛωʔδϟʔ ʢ؅ཧऀʣ ؅ཧ ݟ͑Δػೳ ʢৼΔ෣͍ʹؔ͢Δ΋ͷʣ ։ൃ ྦྷੵػೳ ࣌ؒ

    ಺෦඼࣭ͷ໰୊ ࣌ؒ खΛ෇͚ͳ͍ݶΓɺͲΜͳʹؤுͬͯ΋ɺ ༷ʑͳཁҼͰ಺෦඼࣭ͷ໰୊͸ੵΈ্͕Δ ੜ࢈ੑ௿Լ͕ଓ͍͍ͯ͘ ຊ൪Քಇޙͷτϥϒϧ΋ ૿͍͑ͯ͘ ݟ͑ͳ͍ػೳ ʢߏ଄ʹؔ͢Δ΋ͷʣ ಺෦඼࣭ͷ໰୊
  35. ϢʔβʔɺϏδωεɺ։ൃͷτϥΠΞϯάϧͷதͰɺ΍Δ΂͖͜ͱΛܾΊΔ ݟ͑Δ 7JTJCMF ϙδςΟϒͳՁ஋ 1PTJUJWF7BMVF ωΨςΟϒͳՁ஋ /FHBUJWF7BMVF ৽ػೳ /FX'FBUVSFT "EEFE'VODUJPOBMJUZ

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  36. ίϯςϯπ w ٕज़తෛ࠴ͱ͸ʁ w ೰·͍͠ͷ͸ʮແ๳ͳෛ࠴ʯ w ݪҼͱͳͬͨ૊৫ઃܭͷΧλϩά w ڞ༗Ϧιʔεϓʔϧ w

    ෆ࿈ଓͳνʔϜ w ඇΦʔφʔγοϓ੍ w อकɾӡ༻ͷ෼཭ w ඼࣭อূͷҰۃूத w ߦ͖ա͗ͨݻఆԽ w υϝΠϯ஌ࣝͷաૄ஍ w ແྗͳଞݾ؅ཧܕνʔϜ w ૊৫ઃܭ͸ιϑτ΢ΣΞઃܭʹӨڹ͢Δ
  37. ಺෦඼࣭ͷѱԽ͸ɺࢢ৔౤ೖ·Ͱͷ࣌ؒΛ஗ΒͤΔ ։ൃ σϓϩΠ༰қੑ ΞδϦςΟ ૄ݁߹ͳΞʔΩςΫνϟ อकੑ ཧղ༰қੑ ςετ༰қੑ มߋ༰қੑ ؔ܎͕ਂ͍඼࣭ಛੑ

    ୅දతͳಛੑ ʮࢢ৔౤ೖ·Ͱͷ࣌ؒʯ υϝΠϯͷؔ৺ࣄ ςετ༰қੑ ಺෦඼࣭ʹؔ܎͢Δಛੑ ΞʔΩςΫνϟಛੑ ʮࢢ৔౤ೖ·Ͱͷ࣌ؒʯͷΞʔΩςΫνϟಛੑʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɺॻ੶ʰιϑτ΢ΣΞΞʔΩςΫνϟͷجૅʱͷʮষΞʔΩςΫνϟಛੑΛ໌Β͔ʹ͢ΔʯΑΓc.BSL3JDIBSET /FBM'PSEஶ
  38. ΑΓྑ͍૊৫ઃܭʹ͚ۙͮΔͨΊͷ୳ࡧΛଓ͚Δ w ૊৫ઃܭ͕ιϑτ΢ΣΞઃܭʹ༩͑ΔӨڹ͸େ͖͍ w ιϑτ΢ΣΞઃܭ͕ੜ࢈ੑʹ༩͑ΔӨڹ΋େ͖͍ w ͦΕ͸ɺʮࢢ৔౤ೖ·Ͱͷ࣌ؒʯͱʮ஗Ԇίετʯͱ͍͏ܗͰɺϏδωεʹӨڹΛٴ΅͢ w ιϑτ΢ΣΞઃܭ͕ͦ͏Ͱ͋ΔΑ͏ʹɺ૊৫ઃܭ΋ɺԿ͕ਖ਼ղͰ͋Δ͔͸ෆ࣮֬Ͱྲྀಈత w

    ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɺ׬ᘳͳ౴͑ʹͨͲΓண͘͜ͱ͸ܾͯ͠ͳ͍ w ͔ͩΒɺιϑτ΢ΣΞઃܭͱಉ༷ʹɺ૊৫ઃܭ΋ϦϑΝΫλϦϯάɾϦΞʔΩςΫςΟϯ άΛ܁Γฦ͢ඞཁ͕͋Δ w ͦͷ୳ࡧΛଓ͚ΔதͰ૊৫͸ɺੜ࢈ੑΛҡ࣋ɾ޲্ͤ͞Δ͜ͱ͕ՄೳʹͳΔ