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Contribution of traits, phenology, & phylogenet...
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Scott Chamberlain
October 23, 2013
Science
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Contribution of traits, phenology, & phylogenetic history to plant-pollinator network structure
Talk given at the Entomological Society of Canada meeting
Scott Chamberlain
October 23, 2013
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Transcript
Contribu)on of traits, phenology, & phylogene)c history to plant-‐
pollinator network structure Sco; Chamberlain Simon Fraser University
Thanks to! • Elizabeth Elle • Jana Vamosi
• Ralph Cartar • Sarah Semmler • Anne Worley • And many more that provided data…
Species in communi)es form networks
Pa;erns oLen similar among networks Plants Pollinators
Structure ma;ers Bascompte&Jordano2007AREES
What drives network structure?
Traits Body size
Phenology Emergence date Or Seasonal
ac)vity
Phylogene)c History
Traits Phenology Phylogene)c History
Study sites
Phylogeny Plants Pollinators
Species level metrics • Degree • Specializa)on (accounts
for interac)on intensity) • Within module degree • Among module connec)vity
Traits -‐ Pollinators • Nest loca)on: above/below ground -‐
NS • Nest type: excavator/renter -‐ NS • Parasi)c: yes/no -‐ NS
Traits -‐ Pollinators • Nest loca)on: above/below ground -‐
NS • Nest type: excavator/renter -‐ NS • Parasi)c: yes/no -‐ NS • Social: solitary/social – – Within module degree: social (module hubs), solitary (peripherals) – Among module connec)vity: social (connectors), solitary (peripherals) – Degree: social (higher), solitary (lower) • Body size – larger spp. w/ larger degree
Traits -‐ Plants • Breeding system –
Gynomonoecious: less specialized, higher degree – Hermaphrodites: more specialized, lower degree
Traits -‐ Plants • Breeding system –
Gynomonoecious: less specialized, higher degree – Hermaphrodites: more specialized, lower degree • Growth form – Herbaceous: lower within module degree – Woody: higher within module degree
Traits -‐ Plants • Breeding system –
Gynomonoecious: less specialized, higher degree – Hermaphrodites: more specialized, lower degree • Growth form – Herbaceous: lower within module degree – Woody: higher within module degree • Flower symmetry: – Bilateral: lower within module degree, lower degree – Radial: higher within module degree, higher degree • Flower size: smaller flowers higher within module degree
Network level network structure ~ FDisPO +
FDisPL + MPDPO + MPDPL
Network level network structure ~ FDisPO +
FDisPL + MPDPO + MPDPL 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.3 Modularity 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Connectance A B 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.3 Modularity 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 Pollinator FDis Connectance A B Pollinator Func)onal Trait Dispersion
Conclusion • Species level – Sociality important in pollinators
– Ma)ng systems, flower symmetry & growth form important in plants • Network level – At network level, é pollinator func)onal diversity w/ é modularity & ê connectance – Pollinator traits bigger drivers of network structure rela)ve to plants
Phenology • Species vary in when they start flowering
(plants) and start flying (pollinators) • Varia)on among species can lead to changes in network structure
HLG HLU OKG OKU SOG SOU WLG WLU cr1 cr2
fs1 fs2 go1 go2 mm1 mm2 mz1 mz2 sm1 sm2 AG BB−1 BB−2 BI CF−1 CF−2 CV DP LSCR OM PS−1 PS−2 TH 100 150 200 100 150 200 100 150 200 Julian day (days since 1 Jan)
Phenology is associated with structures
Robustness differs among groups Plants Pollinators • • •
• • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • •• • • • • • •• • • •• • • • • • •• • • • • •• • 0.4 0.6 0.8 • FJ FJr Plants Pollinators • • • • • • • • • •• •• • • •• • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • •• • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 • D Dr Robustness
Phylogene)c tree shape • Shape easily measured •
Metrics represent whether – Branching events recent or old – Branching events even across tree, or some groups speciate more than others • Shape could influence who interacts with who
Shape correlated with network structure
Simula)ons suggest a causal link 0.68 0.70 0.72 0.74
0.72 0.76 Tree balance Distribu Brownian Motion −Burst Modularity
Traits Phenology Phylogene)c History
Thanks to • Elizabeth Elle • Jana Vamosi
• Ralph Cartar • Sarah Semmler • Anne Worley Silhoue;es: Phylopic.org h;p://phylopic.org/image/070c78bc-‐e075-‐4098-‐a66b-‐fca2f02680ea/