Lecture 1 | The "Framing" of Prehistoric Art

Transcript

1. The  Earliest  “Ar.sts”    
   Reading:  
   -­‐Spivey,  How  Art  Made  the  World,  17-­‐49.  
   -­‐Susan  Vogel,  “Always  True  to  the  Object,  
   in  Our  Fashion”  from  Exhibi7ng  Cultures,  
   191-­‐204.    
    
   Range  
   ~77,000  BCE-­‐1000  BCE  
   Paleolithic,  Mesolithic  and  Neolithic  
   Periods  
    
   Terms/Concepts:  
   decora.ve  impulse,  framing  devices,  
   “Venuses,”  sympathe.c  magic,  
   composite  pose,  henge,  post  and  lintel  
   Key  Monuments:  
     Nude  Woman  (Venus  of  
   Willendorf),  from  
   Willendorf,  Austria,  ca.  
   28,000-­‐25,000  BCE.    
     “Bison”  or  Aurochs,  
   Altamira,  Spain,  12,500  BCE  
     “Hall  of  the  Bulls,”  Lascaux,  
   France,  15,000  BCE.  
     Stonehenge,  Salisbury  Plain,  
   2900-­‐1500  BCE.  
   

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2. Waterworn  pebble  resembling  a  
   face,  from  Makapansgat,  South  
   Africa,  ca.  3,000,000  BCE.    
   Australopithecus  Africanus  
   

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3. Waterworn  pebble  resembling  a  face,  from  Makapansgat,  South  Africa,  
   ca.  3,000,000  BCE.    
   

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4. Waterworn  pebble  resembling  a  
   face,  from  Makapansgat,  South  
   Africa,  ca.  3,000,000  BCE.    
   Marcel  Duchamp,  Fountain,  1917  
   (original),  1964  (replica).  
   

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5. AT L A N T I C
   O C E A N
   I N D I A N
   O C E A N
   P A C I F I C
   O C E A N
   A T L A N T I C
   O C E A N
   A R C T I C O C E A N
   MEDITERRANEAN SEA
   BLACK
   SEA
   CASPIAN
   SEA
   Mandu Mandu Creek
   rock shelter with
   shell-bead necklace
   Apollo 11 Cave
   painted
   plaquettes
   Border Cave
   engraved pieces of
   wood and bone
   Nswatugi Cave
   Zimbabwe palette
   Patne
   engraved
   ostrich
   eggshell
   Aq Kupruq
   carved stone head
   Mal‘ta
   Mezin
   Dolní Vestonice
   ˇ
   Dolní Vestonice
   Pavlov
   Willendorf
   Galgenberg
   Vogelherd
   ohlenstein-Stadel
   Le Trou Magrite
   Geissenklösterle Sungir
   Kostienki Tolbaga
   bone figurine
   Brno
   ˇ
   Predmostí
   Avdeevo
   Blombos Cave
   incised
   rocks
   Pedra Furada
   rock shelter;
   fallen fragments
   of painted wall
   Arnhem Land
   shelters with
   abundant ochre
   Tanzania
   shelters with ochre
   pencils and palettes
   Sandy Creek 2 /
   Walkunder Arch
   rock shelter
   with paintings
   Olary/Wharton Hill
   Koonalda Cave
   finger markings on
   ceilings and walls
   Carpenter‘s Gap
   rock shelter with fallen
   fragments of painted wall
   N O R T H
   A M E R I C A
   S O U T H
   A M E R I C A
   MESOAMERICA
   B E R I N G I A
   NEW
   GUINEA
   JAVA
   BOR
   NEO
   SUMATRA
   PHILIPPINES
   mammoth
   ibex
   horse
   reindeer
   ed deer
   bison
   giant sloth
   kangaroo
   eland antelope
   cape
   buffalo
   JAPAN
   GREENLAND
   C H I N A
   AUSTRALIA
   A F R I C A
   A S I A
   S I B E R I A
   E U R O P E
   N
   0
   0
   2400 miles
   3600 kms
   I N D I A N
   O C E A N
   P A C I F I C
   O C E A N
   A T L A N T I C
   O C E A N
   A R C T I C O C E A N
   CK
   A
   CASPIAN
   SEA
   Mandu Mandu Creek
   rock shelter with
   shell-bead necklace
   Border Cave
   engraved pieces of
   wood and bone
   watugi Cave
   mbabwe palette
   Patne
   engraved
   ostrich
   eggshell
   Aq Kupruq
   carved stone head
   Mal‘ta
   in
   e
   e
   Sungir
   Kostienki Tolbaga
   bone figurine
   Avdeevo
   Pedra Furada
   rock shelter;
   fallen fragments
   of painted wall
   Arnhem Land
   shelters with
   abundant ochre
   Tanzania
   shelters with ochre
   pencils and palettes
   Sandy Creek 2 /
   Walkunder Arch
   rock shelter
   with paintings
   Olary/Wharton Hill
   Koonalda Cave
   finger markings on
   ceilings and walls
   Carpenter‘s Gap
   rock shelter with fallen
   fragments of painted wall
   N O R T H
   A M E R I C A
   S O U T H
   A M E R I C A
   MESOAMERICA
   B E R I N G I A
   NEW
   GUINEA
   JAVA
   BOR
   NEO
   SUMATRA
   PHILIPPINES
   mammoth
   ibex
   bison
   giant sloth
   kangaroo
   JAPAN
   GREENLAND
   C H I N A
   AUSTRALIA
   A S I A
   S I B E R I A
   2400 miles
   00 kms
   1 Palaeolithic Art
   coastline at height of last
   Ice Age, c. 20,000 years ago
   greatest extent of ice cover
   tundra
   steppe
   forest
   tropical forest
   desert
   main routes of colonization
   using land bridges
   parietal art find site
   portable art find site
   dominant animal,
   source of food and materials
   16k  
   50k  
   15k  
   65k  
   50k  
   60k  
   40k  
   The  Migra.on  of  Modern  Humans  
   

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6. “Stages  of  Cultural  Evolu.on”  
    
   •  Paleolithic:  c.  120,000-­‐3,000  BP  
   •  Mesolithic:  c.  10,000-­‐3,000  BP  
   •  Neolithic:  c.  8,000-­‐1,000  BP  
   

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7. “Characteris.cs”  of  Paleolithic  
   •  Nomadic  Lifestyle  
   •  Sustaining  life  through  gathering  plants  and  
   hun.ng  
   •  Development  of  abstract  thinking  and  basic  
   problem  solving  skills.  
   •  Developing  means  of  manipula.ng  the  
   environment  and  forming  tools.  
   

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8. Earliest  Cultural  Products  
   Hand  Axe,  
   Tanzania,  60,000  
   years  ago  
   Inscribed  Ocher,  South  Africa,  
   77,000  years  ago  
   Perforated  Shells,    
   South  Africa,  75,000  years  ago  
   

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9. “Prehistoric  art  is  _________,  maybe…”  
   

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10. What  we’re  working  with…  
    Mammoth  Hut,  excava.on  at  Mezhirich,  
    Ukraine,  c.  16,000-­‐10,000  BCE.  
    Mammoth  Hut,  reconstruc.on  at  
    Mezhirich,  Ukraine,  c.  16,000-­‐10,000  
    

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11. Nude  Woman  (Venus  of  
    Willendorf),  from  
    Willendorf,  Austria,  ca.  
    28,000-­‐25,000  BCE.  
    

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12. Waterworn  pebble  resembling  a  face,  
    from  Makapansgat,  South  Africa,  ca.  
    3,000,000  BCE.    
    Woman  (“Venus”)  of  
    Willendorf,  Austria,  c.  
    28,000-­‐25,000  BCE.  
    Recogni.on   Representa.on  
    

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13. Nude  Woman  (Venus  of  Willendorf),  from  
    Willendorf,  Austria,  ca.  28,000-­‐25,000  BCE.  
    

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14. Making  “Venuses”  
    Woman  (“Venus”)  of  
    Willendorf,  Austria,  c.  
    28,000-­‐25,000  BCE.  
    Woman  (“Venus”)  of  
    Dolni  Vestonice,  Czech  
    Republic,  c.  23,000  BCE  
    Woman  (“Venus”)  of  
    Lespugue,  France,  c.  
    25,000  BCE  
    

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15. Distribu.on  of  “Goddesses”  
    

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16. Making  “Venuses”  
    =  
    Nude  Woman  (Venus  of  
    Willendorf),  Austria,  c.  
    28,000-­‐25,000  BCE.  
    Famous  Venus  Depic.ons,  Cabanel  (Top),  Ti.an  
    (Bogom),  Praxiteles  (leh).  
    

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17. The  “Goddess’s  Temple”  in  the  Naturhistorisches  
    Museum  in  Vienna.  
    

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18. The  “Goddess’s  Temple”  in  the  Naturhistorisches  
    Museum  in  Vienna.  
    The  “Venus”    in  her  “temple”  
    

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19. Photographic simulation of what a
    six-months-pregnant 26-year-old
    Caucasian female of average weight
    sees when looking down while
    standing.
    Woman from Willendorf (Austria). c.
    28,000-25,000 BCE.. Limestone,
    height approx. 4z. Cast of Figurine,
    Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna.
    Arms  
    

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20. Making  “Venuses”  
    Nude  Woman  (Venus  of  
    Willendorf),  Austria,  c.  
    28,000-­‐25,000  BCE.  
    ≠  
    

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21. Discovered in 1879.
    Altamira
    

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22. María, daughter of Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola, who participated in discovery
    of paintings at Altamira in November 1879.
    

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23. “Bison”  or  Aurochs,  Altamira,  Spain,  12,500  BCE  
    

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24. Lascaux  
    

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25. Map of Major Paintings, Lascaux,
    France, c.15,000 BCE (See 1-1)
    

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26. “Hall  of  the  Bulls,”  Lascaux,  France,  15,000  BCE  
    

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27. 1-­‐11,  “Hall  of  the  Bulls,”  Lascaux,  Dordogne  
    France,  15,000  BCE.  
    15  feet  
    

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28. Deer  Fat  Lamp  from  
    Lascaux,  Dordogne,  France,  
    c.  17,000  BP    
    

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29. View Slide

30. Film still. Fantastic Mr. Fox. 2009. Directed by Wes Anderson. Twentieth
    Century Fox Film Corporation.
    “We  have  invented  nothing  in  12,000  years.”  Agributed  to  Picasso  
    “Art  for  Art’s  Sake”  
    

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31. Pablo  Picasso,  Bull:  Stages  I-­‐VIII,  1945.  
     
    “Bison”  or  Aurochs,  Altamira,  Spain,  12,500  
    BCE  
    “Aher  Altamira,  all  is  decadence.”  
    

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32. Chauvet  
    

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33. Lionesses  (?),  Chauvet,  France,  32,000-­‐30,000  BCE.  
    

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34. George Stubbs. Whistlejacket.
    c.1762. Oil on canvas, 9`7z x 8`1z.
    National Gallery, London.
    Wall painting with horses, rhinoceroses,
    and aurochs. Chauvet Cave. c.
    32,000-30,000 BCE.
    

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35. Pech  Merle  
    

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36. 1-­‐1,  Spoged  Horses  and  Human  Hands,  Pech  Merle,  Dordogne,  France,    
    25,000-­‐24,000  BCE  (Horses),  15,000  BCE  (Hands)  
    

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37. “Chapel  of  Mammoths,”  Pech  Merle,  Dordogne,  
    France,  15,000  BCE  
    

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38. Ceiling  of  the  Archer,  Pech  Merle,  Dordogne,  France,  
    15,000  BCE  
    

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39. Enclosed  Forms  =  Female   Straight  Lines  =  Male  
    

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40. Nil
    e
    N
    ige
    r
    Amazon
    Mississippi
    Ganges
    Amu
    r
    Mekong
    Yangtze
    Yellow R.
    Indus
    Tigris
    Danube
    PA C I F I C
    O C E A N
    A T L A N T I C
    O C E A N
    ATLANTIC
    OCEAN
    I N D I A N
    O C E A N
    ARABIAN
    SEA
    ROCKY MTS
    AND
    ES
    HIMALAYAS
    N.AMERICA
    EUROPE
    AFRICA
    ASIA
    CHINA JAPAN
    R U S S I A
    INDIA
    ARABIA
    AUSTRALIA
    S.AMERICA
    c.3500 BC
    c.4500 BC
    c.4500 BC
    c.1000 BC
    c.8000 BC
    c.2000 BC
    c.2600 BC
    c.2600 BC
    c.300 BC
    c.3000 BC
    c.5500 BC
    c.6500 BC
    c.2500 BC
    c.2800 BC
    c.2500 BC
    pre-3000 BC
    c.3500 BC
    c.3500 BC
    N
    0
    0
    2000 miles
    3000 kms
    1 The Origins of Agriculture
    areas where agriculture first emerged
    adoption of the plough, with date
    limit of plough agriculture
    The  Neolithic  “Revolu.on”  
    

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41. Characteris.cs  of  Neolithic  
    •  Widespread  development  of  permanent  
    seglements  that  lasted  longer  than  a  single  
    genera.on.  
    •  More  care  taken  with  burial.  
    •  Development  of  more  permanent  
    architecture.  
    •  Development  of  trade  networks.  
    •  Domes.ca.on  of  plants  and  animals.  
    

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42. Partial map of Prehistoric Europe and Near East.
    

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43. Houses,  Çatalhöyük,  Turkey,  c.  7400-­‐6200.  
    Reconstruction drawing of
    Çatalhöyük, with tending of goats.
    

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44. Reconstruction drawing of a house in Çatalhöyük. c.7400-6200 BCE.
    (illustrated on Stokstad page 15)
    House,  Çatalhöyük,  Turkey,  c.  7400-­‐6200.  
    

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45. View Slide

46. Stonehenge,  Salisbury  Plain,  2900-­‐1500  BCE  
    

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47. 3,000  BCE  
    

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48. 2,900-­‐2,600  BCE  
    

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49. 2,500  BCE  
    

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50. Post
    Post
    Lintel
    Post Post
    Lintel
    24  Feet  
    15  Feet  
    3  Feet  
    Each  Stone  =  ~40-­‐50  
    Tons  
    30  Megaliths    
     
    60  Stones  Total  
    Stonehenge,  Salisbury  
    Plain,  2900-­‐1500  BCE  
    

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51. start  
    end  
    Moving  the  Bluestone,  Hypothe.cal  
    Reconstruc.on  
    

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52. Stonehenge,  Salisbury  Plain,  2900-­‐1500  BCE.  
    

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53. Stonehenge,  Salisbury  Plain,  2900-­‐1500  BCE  
    

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54. figure  1  Labels:    
    1.  Midsummer  sunrise    
    2.  Winter  moonrise  
    low  point    
    3.  Midwinter  Sunrise    
    4.  Southern  moonrise  
    (minimum)    
    5.  Southern  moonrise  
    (maximum)    
    6.  Midwinter  sunset    
    7.  Northern  moonset  
    (minimum)    
    8.  Northern  moonset  
    (maximum)    
    9.  Midsummer  sunset    
    10.  Winter  moonrise  
    high  point    
    

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55. Y
    angtze
    Yel
    low Ri
    ver
    Danube
    Nile
    Volga
    Indus
    G
    anges
    Congo
    Niger
    Darling
    I N D I A N
    O C E A N
    P A C I F I C
    O C E A N
    SOU
    T
    H
    CHINA SEA
    HIMALAYAS
    URAL MTS
    A F R I C A
    AUSTRALIA
    A S I A
    E U R O P E
    Jomon
    pottery
    Tybrind Vig
    wooden paddles
    ous
    rs
    El Wad
    Natufian figurines
    Jericho
    plastered portrait skulls,
    plaster statues
    Sha’ar Hagolan Yarmukian clay figurines
    Jerf el-Ahmar pictograph tablets
    Jiahu
    bone flutes
    Sturts Meadows
    petroglyphs
    Magnificent Gallery
    paintings
    Kakadu
    paintings
    Çatal Hüyük wall paintings in houses, clay figurines
    Zamostje/Vis I
    portable carvings
    Kunda Culture
    portable carvings
    Maglemose Culture
    portable art
    Lepenski Vir
    limestone sculptures
    Le Mas d’Azil
    Azilian Culture,
    decorated pebbles
    Fontainebleau
    rock engravings?
    Ojo Guareña
    cave paintings
    rock paintings?
    Karelia/Lake Onega
    Veretye Culture/Oleneostrovski Cemetery,
    portable carvings, decorated implements
    Shigirsky
    portable carvings
    Berelekh
    portable engraving
    stone and clay figurines
    ’Ain Ghazal
    plaster statues
    one
    s,
    N
    0
    0
    1000 miles
    1500 kms
    1 Postglacial Art, 10,000-5000 BC
    

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56. View Slide

57. “Temple,”  Gobekli  Tepe,  Turkey,  c.  9,000  BCE  
    

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58. “Temple,”  Gobekli  Tepe,  Turkey,  c.  9,000  BCE  
    

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59. “Temple,”  Gobekli  Tepe,  Turkey,  c.  9,000  BCE  
    

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60. NEWSFOCUS
    “Temple,”  Gobekli  Tepe,  Turkey,  c.  9,000  BCE  
    

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61. Y
    angtze
    Yel
    low Ri
    ver
    Danube
    Nile
    Volga
    Indus
    G
    anges
    Congo
    Niger
    Darling
    I N D I A N
    O C E A N
    P A C I F I C
    O C E A N
    SOU
    T
    H
    CHINA SEA
    HIMALAYAS
    URAL MTS
    A F R I C A
    AUSTRALIA
    A S I A
    E U R O P E
    Jomon
    pottery
    Tybrind Vig
    wooden paddles
    ous
    rs
    El Wad
    Natufian figurines
    Jericho
    plastered portrait skulls,
    plaster statues
    Sha’ar Hagolan Yarmukian clay figurines
    Jerf el-Ahmar pictograph tablets
    Jiahu
    bone flutes
    Sturts Meadows
    petroglyphs
    Magnificent Gallery
    paintings
    Kakadu
    paintings
    Çatal Hüyük wall paintings in houses, clay figurines
    Zamostje/Vis I
    portable carvings
    Kunda Culture
    portable carvings
    Maglemose Culture
    portable art
    Lepenski Vir
    limestone sculptures
    Le Mas d’Azil
    Azilian Culture,
    decorated pebbles
    Fontainebleau
    rock engravings?
    Ojo Guareña
    cave paintings
    rock paintings?
    Karelia/Lake Onega
    Veretye Culture/Oleneostrovski Cemetery,
    portable carvings, decorated implements
    Shigirsky
    portable carvings
    Berelekh
    portable engraving
    stone and clay figurines
    ’Ain Ghazal
    plaster statues
    one
    s,
    N
    0
    0
    1000 miles
    1500 kms
    1 Postglacial Art, 10,000-5000 BC
    

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62. 147˚
    144˚
    141˚
    138˚
    135˚
    132˚
    129˚
    126˚
    123˚
    42˚
    40˚
    38˚
    36˚
    34˚
    32˚
    30˚
    Akyu
    Tanabatake
    Ikawazu
    Shakado
    Awazu
    Jinnai
    Shigasato
    Yoshigo
    Kashihara
    Butsunami
    Kitamura
    Togari-ishi
    Arayashiki
    Ohatadai
    Komakino
    Sugizawadai
    Teraji
    Kinsei
    Horinouchi
    Nakasawame
    Satohama
    Omori
    Kasori
    Ogyozuka
    Chikamori
    Torihama
    Mawaki
    Minamikata
    Maeike
    Kuwagaishimo
    Tsukumo
    Yamaga
    Ataka
    Yaze
    Fudodo
    Unggi
    Negoyadai
    Yoksam-dong
    Oksong-ni
    Yangpyong-ni
    Ubayama
    Kazahari
    Korekawa
    Nirakubo
    Oyu
    Nishida
    Chiamigaito
    Sakuramachi
    Miharada
    Higashi-Kushiro
    Hamanasuno
    Sannai
    Maruyama
    Bibi
    Kashiwagi B
    Hupo-ri
    Mimanda Higashibaru
    Kyo-dong
    Amsa-dong
    Osan-ni
    Sinmae-ri
    Kumgang-ni
    Tosong-ni
    Mizonoguchi
    Naepyong-ni
    Kungsan-ni
    Soktal-li Simchol-li
    Namgyong
    Songgu-ni
    Chitam-ni
    Chonjin-dong
    Hogok-dong
    Kuksong-dong
    Hunnam-ni
    Song-Do
    Changchon-ni
    Naju
    Sougam-dong
    Taegong-ni
    Taepyong-ni
    Mugye-ri
    Sangnodae-Do
    Hwangsong-ni
    Suga-ri
    Yongsangong
    Tongsam-dong
    Tadaepo
    Tongnae
    Imbul-li
    Shinam-ni
    Taehuksan-do
    Songgung-ni
    Namsong-ni
    Sogong-ni
    Yangul-li
    Naedong-ni
    Undae-ri
    Choji-ri
    Kimpo
    Nongpo-dong
    Sopohang
    Naktong-gang
    Shi
    nano-gawa
    Han-gang
    Imjin-gang
    L. Biwa
    Osumi-shoto
    Oki-gunto
    Izu-shoto
    Sado
    Cheju-do
    Tsushima
    P A C I F I C
    O C E A N
    S E A O F
    J A P A N
    S E A O F
    O K H O T S K
    T
    I
    A
    R
    T
    S
    A
    E
    R
    O
    K
    NANGNIM-SANM
    AEK
    SOBAEK-SANMAEK
    TAEBAEK
    SANMAEK
    HONSHU
    HOKKAIDO
    SHIKOKU
    KYUSHU
    KOREA
    JAPAN
    C H I N A
    N
    0
    0
    200 miles
    300 kms
    2 The Forager Communities of
    Japan and Korea, 6000-500 BC
    important settlements
    settlements with large buildings
    cemeteries
    burials
    cist burials
    stone circles and standing stones
    waterlogged sites
    shell middens
    sites with figurines
    sites with face masks
    sites with lacquer
    sites with bronze
    rice cultivation
    millet cultivation
    Japanese sites, 6000-500 BC
    Korean sites, 6000-2000 BC
    Korean sites, 2000-500 BC
    sources of obsidian and greenstone
    ancient coastline
    2 A SERIES OF RELATIVELY SEDENTARY CULTURES, with no
    clearly institutionalized social hierarchies, was well-
    established across the Korean peninsula and
    Japanese archipelago by 5000 BC. While these
    communities show clearly localized developments
    in their material culture, they were not totally
    isolated, as shown by shared pottery styles. There
    was also some contact between the peninsula and
    archipelago, as shown by Jomon pottery sherds
    and by obsidian from Korean Neolithic coastal sites
    and influences from the peninsula on some Jomon
    pottery styles. Resistance to change from outside,
    however, is suggested by the relatively late arrival
    of metallurgy and agriculture in the region.
    DECORATING THE BODY was important in Jomon
    times. Elaborate pottery ear ornaments became
    especially popular in the Kanto region of Honshu
    in the final stage of the Jomon period. Over 1000
    ear ornaments were discovered at Chiamigaito
    in central Honshu, indicating they were produced
    in a specialist workshop. Large numbers of ear
    ornaments are only found at a few sites, although
    strikingly similar designs are found from sites
    separated by long distances. These ornaments
    were made from specially selected clay and are
    sometimes decorated with red pigments. They
    belong to a tradition of ear ornaments that
    extends back to 5000 BC.
    monstrated
    g from
    ukumo and
    curred at
    ed by
    orn in a
    ay have
    uggesting
    own from a
    e
    umbers of
    ed.
    , notably
    orate
    ch were
    ndicates that
    ed among
    uction of
    ne and
    ability to
    onuments,
    ments of
    at Komakino,
    ant
    st a concern
    and the
    to have been
    ts of
    lysis of the
    suggests
    ation of
    and 7 which
    ce for Jomon
    terlogged
    material
    perished.
    fore 5000 BC,
    gree of
    nvironment,
    r requires a
    mmediately
    ree and its
    Counter-­‐example:  Jomon  Japan  
    

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63. 1 Pottery
    Manufacture in
    Jomon Japan
    neolithic style zone
    with example of
    characteristic pottery
    natural resources:
    cold deciduous forest
    evergreen
    broad-leaf forest
    warm deciduous
    forest
    wild boar
    deer
    sea lion
    seal
    salmon
    acorns
    chestnut
    walnuts
    buckeyes
    green
    earsp
    trans
    prest
    these
    caref
    wood
    contr
    inclu
    stone
    which
    topo
    with
    seaso
    cons
    meas
    desig
    that t
    certa
    may
    comm
    I
    sites
    demo
    cultu
    Lacq
    and i
    know
    as th
    detai
    obvio
    141˚
    135˚
    129˚
    40˚
    36˚
    32˚
    28˚
    44˚
    147˚
    Sobata
    Taishakukyo
    Torihama
    Togari-ishi
    Okinohara
    Natsushima
    Kamo
    Hamanasuno
    Tokoro
    S E A O F
    J A PA N
    Osumi-Shoto
    PA C I F I C
    O C E A N
    KOREA
    STRAIT
    S H I K O K U
    H O N S H U
    H O K K A I D O
    K Y U S H U
    J A PA N
    C H I N A
    K O R E A
    N
    0
    0
    200 miles
    300 kms
    1 THE DIVERSITY of
    forested environments
    that supported a rich
    array of wild food
    resources across the
    Japanese archipelago
    was matched by a
    multitude of local
    pottery styles.
    

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64. Clay  Vessel,  Jomon  
    Culture,  Japan,  
    12,000  BCE  
    

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