Inglês_E.C_-_16_HORAS.pdf

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2. Confined space identification Recognition, assessment, monitoring and control of existing risks, in order to permanently guarantee the safety and health of workers in these spaces.
3. STATISTICS Confined Space Deaths According to OSHA: ATMOSPHERIC RISKS; (OF THESE 40% - O2 DEFICIENCY) LACK OF KNOWLEDGE​ 30% 60% 10% OTHER REASONS 10% IN BRAZIL: RESCUE ATTEMPT MADE BY UNPREPARED WORKERS. LACK OF KNOWLEDGE​ 70% 30%
4. Confined spaces were regulated in Brazil through NBR 14.787 – Confined Space – Accident Prevention, Procedures and Protection Measures, and NBR 14.606 – Service Stations – Entry into Confined Spaces. After that, the MTE approved NR-33 – Regulatory Standard for Safety and Health in Work in Confined Spaces, through ordinance 202, of 12/22/2006.
5. DEFINITIONS According to NR-33, a confined space is any area or environment not designed for continuous human occupation, which has limited means of entry and exit, whose existing ventilation is insufficient to remove contaminants or where there may be a deficiency or enrichment of oxygen.
6. TYPES OF CONFINED SPACES Storage tanks​ Boilers​ Pipes​ Silos​ Fossas​ Cisterns​ Pressure vessels​ Pipelines​ Spaces with entrances through hatches​ Ballast tanks ​ Cargo tanker (FPSO)
7. The removal of all flammable gas or liquid in a confined space is considered complete when the reading obtained from the tests is zero. In this case, the environment is said to have a gas-free atmosphere. Hazard - A source or condition or set of circumstances that has the potential to cause or contribute to injury or death. Ex. Presence of explosive gas, lack or excess of oxygen, presence of toxic or asphyxiating gas, etc. Risk - It is the consequence or damage that the hazard can cause Ex. Injuries, illnesses, accidents, deaths, etc.
8. Analysis process where the hazards or risks to which workers may be exposed in a confined space are identified and quantified. The assessment includes the specification of the tests that must be performed and the criteria to be used. The tests allow those responsible to plan and implement appropriate control measures, aiming to protect authorized workers and to ensure that entry conditions will be maintained at an acceptable level throughout the execution of the service.
9. Means an atmosphere that exposes employees to the risk of death, disability, injury or acute illness resulting from one or more of the following causes: a. Presence of flammable gas or vapor; b. Oxygen concentration below 19.5% or above 23%; c. Presence of toxic gases.
10. EXPLOSIVITY LIMIT For a flammable gas or vapor to burn, there must be, in addition to the ignition source, a mixture in “ideal” proportions between the oxygen in the ambient atmosphere and the combustible gas.
11. In mixtures of combustible dust and air, the LEL is typically between 20 g/m3 and 60 g/m3, under standard temperature and pressure (STP) conditions, while the LSE is between 2 kg/m3 and 6 kg/m3, under the same environmental conditions. HOT WORK COMBUSTIBLE DUST Any work involving a source of casual ignition, such as welding, riveting, using drills, grinding, etc. CONCEPTS
12. ENTRY - Action by which people enter through an opening into a confined space. This action is considered to have occurred as soon as any part of the worker's body passes beyond the plane of an opening in the confined space. Any and all work in confined spaces must be carried out by at least two people, one of whom must be a watchman.
13. Document generated in writing containing the set of control measures that guarantee the safety of entry into a confined space, as well as the development of the work to be carried out.
14. The PET must identify: Confined space to be entered; Purpose of entry; Date and duration of authorization of entry permit; Workers authorized to enter the confined space, who must be listed and identified by name and the role they will perform; Signature and identification of the supervisor who authorized entry; Risks of the confined space to be entered; Measures used to isolate the confined space and to eliminate or control the risks inherent therein, prior to entry.
15. ALL CONFINED SPACES MUST BE ADEQUATELY: FLAGGED, IDENTIFIED AND ISOLATED TO PREVENT UNAUTHORIZED PERSONS FROM ENTERING THESE PLACES.
16. OXYGEN CONCENTRATION​ FLAMMABLE GASES AND VAPORS​ POTENTIALLY TOXIC AIR POLLUTANTS
17. It is a general employer program designed to control and protect workers from hazards in confined spaces and to regulate the entry of workers into these spaces. ACTIONS THAT ARE PART OF THE PROGRAM: Keep an updated file of issued PETs; Implement the necessary measures to prevent unauthorized entries;
18. Identify and assess the risks of confined spaces before workers enter; Provide admission, periodic and dismissal medical examinations, in order to obtain Occupational Health Certificates (ASO), as provided for in NR-7, of the Ministry of Labor and Employment; Keep a written record of the duties of entry supervisors, watchmen and authorized workers, with their names and signatures. Implement emergency and rescue service;
19. Arrange for additional medical examinations, as instructed by an occupational physician, in accordance with the assessment of the type of confined space. Provide periodic training for workers involved with confined spaces on the risks to which they are exposed, control measures and safe work procedures. Implement emergency and rescue services, keeping the members of these teams always ready to go into action, trained and with equipment in perfect working order.
20. Purge, inertize, wash or ventilate the confined space, to eliminate or control atmospheric risks; Perform locking and blocking maneuvers; Keep the confined space marked and isolated; Carry out an assessment of the atmosphere; Carry out an assessment of physical, chemical, biological and mechanical risks.
21. IN ACCORDANCE WITH NR-6: PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IS ANY DEVICE MANUFACTURED NATIONALLY OR ABROAD, DESIGNED TO PROTECT THE HEALTH AND PHYSICAL INTEGRITY OF THE WORKER.
22. Acquire the type appropriate to the worker's activity; Train the worker on its proper use; Make its use mandatory; Replace it immediately if damaged or lost; Take responsibility for its cleaning and periodic maintenance.
23. The Permit to Work System is the method by which authorized personnel review tasks where there are elements of risk, to ensure that the work will be completely safe. The Work Permit System, inserted in the context of the company's Safety Management System, aims to safeguard the lives of personnel, by adopting safe procedures for carrying out any work in confined spaces.
24. Use them only for their intended purpose; Take responsibility for its safekeeping and conservation; Report to the employer any changes that make them unfit for use.
25. Any and all work in confined spaces must be carried out by at least two people, one of whom must be a watchman. Stop entry operations whenever a new risk of compromising the work arises, in accordance with the procedures for abandonment.
26. ALL SECTORS THAT MAY BE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY AFFECTED MUST BE INFORMED. EXAMPLE: Services that affect stability; Soil drilling services; Electrical services; Security; Mechanical repairs; Support Services.
27. a) Formally indicate the person technically responsible for compliance with this standard; b) Identify the confined spaces existing in the establishment; c) Identify the specific risks of each confined space; IT IS THE EMPLOYER'S RESPONSIBILITY TO: d) Ensure ongoing training of workers on risks, control, emergency and rescue measures in confined spaces;
28. f) Ensure that access to the confined space only occurs after the issuance, in writing, of the Entry and Work Permit, in accordance with the model contained in Annex II of this NR; g) Provide contracted companies with information about the risks in the areas where they will carry out their activities and require training for their workers; e) Implement occupational health and safety management in confined spaces, through technical prevention, administrative, personal and emergency and rescue measures, in order to permanently guarantee environments with adequate working conditions;
29. h) Monitor the implementation of health and safety measures for workers of contracted companies, providing the means and conditions for them to act in accordance with this NR; i) Stop any and all types of work if a serious and imminent risk condition is suspected, and immediately leave the site; ​ j) Ensure updated information on risks and control measures before each access to confined spaces.
30. a) Collaborate with the company in complying with this NR; b) Properly use the means and equipment provided by the company; IT IS UP TO THE WORKERS: c) Report to the Security Guard and the Entry Supervisor any situations that pose a risk to your safety and health or that of third parties that you are aware of; d) Comply with the procedures and guidelines received in training regarding confined spaces.
31. Know the risks and preventive measures that they may encounter during entry, including information on the mode, signs or symptoms and consequences of exposure; Use the equipment properly; Know how to operate communication resources, to allow the guard to monitor the workers' performance and alert them of the need to leave the confined space. The employer, or his legally authorized representative, must ensure that all authorized workers: DUTIES OF AUTHORIZED WORKERS
32. Recognize any danger signs or symptoms of exposure to an unforeseen dangerous situation; Detect a prohibited condition. The guard or entry supervisor orders abandonment; The worker detects any sign of danger, risk or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation; An abandonment alarm is activated. The worker must alert the security guard whenever: Egress from a confined space must be processed immediately if:
33. a) Know the risks and prevention measures; b) Maintain communication with workers; c) Continuously maintain an accurate count of the number of authorized workers; d) Call the rescue team, when necessary; e) Remain outside the confined space, near the entrance, until replaced by another guard; f) Not perform any task that could harm its primary duty to monitor and protect workers.
34. Monitoring activities inside and outside the confined space determine whether it is safe for workers to remain inside. Workers must be ordered to immediately leave the confined space if any of the following conditions occur: If the watchman detects a dangerous condition; If the guard detects a situation outside the confined space that could cause danger to workers; If the watchman cannot effectively and safely perform all of his duties. ABANDONMENT
35. Know the risks that may be encountered during entry, including information on the mode, signs or symptoms and consequences of exposure; Ensure that appropriate entries have been made in accordance with the PET, that all tests specified in the PET have been performed and that all procedures and equipment listed therein are available on site, before endorsing the PET and allowing entry to commence; Cancel entry procedures and PET, when necessary; Check whether emergency and rescue services are available, and whether the means to activate them are operational; Ensure, in the event of a change of watchman's shift, that responsibility for the continuity of the operation is correctly transferred to the watchman who takes over the service. DUTIES OF THE ENTRY SUPERVISOR
36. To facilitate the removal of people from confined spaces, without the rescue team needing to enter them, individual movers that do not harm the victim may be used, in accordance with first aid principles. RESCUE SYSTEMS
37. Professional or occupational risks are those that arise from conditions inherent to the work environment or to the operational process of various professional activities. They are, therefore, the environmental conditions of occupational safety capable of affecting the health, safety and well-being of the worker.
38. NOISE PRESSURE HUMIDITY VIBRATION TEMPERATURE IONIZING AND NON- IONIZING RADIATION PHYSICAL RISKS
39. Hot environments represent one of the most important risks of occupational pathology due to the high fatigue caused, which leads to: Reduced Productivity; Loss of Motivation; Reduction of working speed; Drop in Accuracy and Continuity in task execution; Increased incidence of accidents. HEATED ATMOSPHERE​
40. The so-called chemical risks are those inherent to the presence, in the work environment, of agents whose chemical action on the workers' bodies can cause occupational diseases. The main chemical risks are related to the amount of oxygen, hence the importance of taking measurements of the oxygen percentage at all levels of the Confined Space. Aerodispersoids; Vapors; Gases.
41. BIOLOGICAL RISKS THESE ARE THE RISKS CAUSED BY DISEASE-CAUSING MICROORGANISMS, WITH WHICH THE WORKER MAY EVENTUALLY COME INTO CONTACT, WHEN CARRYING OUT VARIOUS PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES.
42. BIOLOGICAL RISKS BACTERIA, FUNGI, SEWAGE, CLEANING PROCESSES CAUSED BY THE ACTION OF SOLVENTS OR PRODUCED BY THE CHEMICAL REACTION BETWEEN THESE AND OTHER MATERIALS USED IN CLEANING.
43. ERGONOMIC RISKS​ These are related to physiological and psychological factors inherent in the execution of various professional activities. These factors can produce changes in the body and emotional state of workers, compromising their health, safety and, consequently, their productivity. Repetitive physical effort Inadequate posture Weightlifting
44. It is any circumstance or behavior that causes a change in the normal work routine, with the potential to cause accidents to the worker, putting their physical or moral integrity at risk. Uneven floors; Inadequate and exposed electrical installations; Lack of signage; Machines without protection.
45. IN FOR ENTRY INTO The rules presented below must be applied before and during entry into any confined or hazardous space where there is a lack of oxygen, a toxic atmosphere or the presence of explosives.
46. OXYGEN DEFICIENCY; EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE; TOXIC SUBSTANCES; FIRE FOUR TYPES OF HAZARDS MAY BE PRESENT BEFORE OR DURING ENTRY INTO CONFINED SPACES. THEY ARE:
47. This risk is the most frequently encountered. A space can become oxygen deficient due to the constant consumption of this element, produced by one or more of the following situations, among others: Friction of metals; Drying of paints or rubber coatings; Decomposition of organic matter such as sewage, fermentation of algae, growth of marine plants; Introduction of inert gases into spaces; Sun day's.
48. Friction of metals; Drying of paints or rubber coatings; Decomposition of organic matter such as sewage, fermentation of algae, growth of marine plants; Introduction of inert gases into spaces; Sun day's. This risk is the most frequently encountered. A space can become oxygen deficient due to the constant consumption of this element, produced by one or more of the following situations, among others:
49. Some substances can produce immediate transient effects in humans which, although severe, cease without medical intervention, but are followed by a sudden possibility of fatal collapse or after 12 to 72 hours of exposure. Ex: CO e H2S.
50. Among the gases produced naturally in decomposing organic material is hydrogen sulfide, or hydrogen sulfide (H2S) – a toxic gas, heavier than air, colorless and flammable, with a characteristic “rotten egg” odor when in low concentrations. It is also a byproduct of several industrial processes. Toxic levels of this gas can be found in: Tanneries, Oil refineries, Paper and synthetic fabric factories, among others.
51. CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS OF H2S​ OF H2S​ Very toxic, kills in a short time; Odor is perceived at low concentration – 0.02ppm; Inhibition of the Olfactory Organ occurs between 3 and 15mi -100ppm; Above 100ppm the eyes and throat begin to burn; At 200ppm they start to burn; Heavier than air (density 1.192); Autoignition Temperature - 250°C; Explosive Range in air 4.5 - 45.5%; Above 1,000ppm can cause instant death.
52. A space with a risk of sparking should be tested with a combustible gas indicator. A positive response on the meter display is an indication that the space contains a potential explosion hazard. FIRE AND EXPLOSION
53. After testing the compartment for the presence of oxygen and combustibles, additional ventilation may be necessary.
54. In view of the need to enter confined or contaminated areas, a respiratory protection program was created, which will provide procedures for selection, use and care of respiratory equipment. This program will be able to give maximum protection to the employee. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION PROGRAM​
55. It is a Confined Space that poses more danger to your physical and mental health. In it we find a condition (I P V S), being able to perform only emergency services such as: To perform any service in this class of Confined Space, the employer must provide adequate PPE to ensure the physical integrity and health of the worker. The use of PPE combined with air supply lines is mandatory while remaining in the E.C. CLASS 1: POTENTIAL HAZARD Rescue Valve closing
56. It is an environment where there may be a risk of leakage of toxic products, gases, oxygen deficiency or enrichment. Mechanisms are used to alter the atmosphere of the confined space, such as: Exhaustion Forced ventilation It is recommended to use PPE combined with air supply lines while remaining in the confined space, in addition to carrying escape equipment (Mask with breathing air bulb) ready for immediate use. CLASS 2: INTERMEDIATE
57. It is a space where the worker can carry out work normally. It does not pose any risk to their physical or mental health. Workers must carry escape equipment (Mask with breathing air bladder) ready for immediate use. CLASS 3: MILD
58. Stop activities and leave the workplace whenever you suspect the existence of a serious and imminent risk. Self-rescue - is one of the most important techniques for confined space workers. Something is strange, we better try another time.
59. Before carrying out any activity in risky locations, it is important to check the safety level of the environment, using instruments such as an oximeter and explosimeter, among others. The instruments must be intrinsically safe (Ex i), which means they are not capable of releasing sufficient electrical (spark) or thermal energy to, under normal (i.e. opening or closing the circuit) or abnormal (e.g. short circuit or lack of grounding) conditions, cause the ignition of a given explosive atmosphere, as expressed in the equipment's certificate of conformity.
60. Inerting is achieved by using an inert gas, such as nitrogen or CO2, which forms a protective layer, preventing the reaction of the products. This process can have different practical applications. Inerting is the displacement of the existing atmosphere in a confined space by an inert gas, resulting in a non- combustible atmosphere with a deficiency of oxygen.
61. The risk of oxidation, fire or explosion will be reduced when air or flammable gases in a vessel (in this case the reactor) are displaced by dry, inert nitrogen. Purging is a cleaning method that makes the interior atmosphere of the confined space free of gases, vapors and other undesirable impurities through ventilation with water or gases/steam.
62. It is the physical refining treatment that eliminates dissolved gases in a bath by reducing the ambient pressure.