THESE 40% - O2 DEFICIENCY) LACK OF KNOWLEDGE 30% 60% 10% OTHER REASONS 10% IN BRAZIL: RESCUE ATTEMPT MADE BY UNPREPARED WORKERS. LACK OF KNOWLEDGE 70% 30%
Confined Space – Accident Prevention, Procedures and Protection Measures, and NBR 14.606 – Service Stations – Entry into Confined Spaces. After that, the MTE approved NR-33 – Regulatory Standard for Safety and Health in Work in Confined Spaces, through ordinance 202, of 12/22/2006.
or environment not designed for continuous human occupation, which has limited means of entry and exit, whose existing ventilation is insufficient to remove contaminants or where there may be a deficiency or enrichment of oxygen.
confined space is considered complete when the reading obtained from the tests is zero. In this case, the environment is said to have a gas-free atmosphere. Hazard - A source or condition or set of circumstances that has the potential to cause or contribute to injury or death. Ex. Presence of explosive gas, lack or excess of oxygen, presence of toxic or asphyxiating gas, etc. Risk - It is the consequence or damage that the hazard can cause Ex. Injuries, illnesses, accidents, deaths, etc.
may be exposed in a confined space are identified and quantified. The assessment includes the specification of the tests that must be performed and the criteria to be used. The tests allow those responsible to plan and implement appropriate control measures, aiming to protect authorized workers and to ensure that entry conditions will be maintained at an acceptable level throughout the execution of the service.
death, disability, injury or acute illness resulting from one or more of the following causes: a. Presence of flammable gas or vapor; b. Oxygen concentration below 19.5% or above 23%; c. Presence of toxic gases.
there must be, in addition to the ignition source, a mixture in “ideal” proportions between the oxygen in the ambient atmosphere and the combustible gas.
typically between 20 g/m3 and 60 g/m3, under standard temperature and pressure (STP) conditions, while the LSE is between 2 kg/m3 and 6 kg/m3, under the same environmental conditions. HOT WORK COMBUSTIBLE DUST Any work involving a source of casual ignition, such as welding, riveting, using drills, grinding, etc. CONCEPTS
into a confined space. This action is considered to have occurred as soon as any part of the worker's body passes beyond the plane of an opening in the confined space. Any and all work in confined spaces must be carried out by at least two people, one of whom must be a watchman.
of entry; Date and duration of authorization of entry permit; Workers authorized to enter the confined space, who must be listed and identified by name and the role they will perform; Signature and identification of the supervisor who authorized entry; Risks of the confined space to be entered; Measures used to isolate the confined space and to eliminate or control the risks inherent therein, prior to entry.
protect workers from hazards in confined spaces and to regulate the entry of workers into these spaces. ACTIONS THAT ARE PART OF THE PROGRAM: Keep an updated file of issued PETs; Implement the necessary measures to prevent unauthorized entries;
enter; Provide admission, periodic and dismissal medical examinations, in order to obtain Occupational Health Certificates (ASO), as provided for in NR-7, of the Ministry of Labor and Employment; Keep a written record of the duties of entry supervisors, watchmen and authorized workers, with their names and signatures. Implement emergency and rescue service;
physician, in accordance with the assessment of the type of confined space. Provide periodic training for workers involved with confined spaces on the risks to which they are exposed, control measures and safe work procedures. Implement emergency and rescue services, keeping the members of these teams always ready to go into action, trained and with equipment in perfect working order.
or control atmospheric risks; Perform locking and blocking maneuvers; Keep the confined space marked and isolated; Carry out an assessment of the atmosphere; Carry out an assessment of physical, chemical, biological and mechanical risks.
worker on its proper use; Make its use mandatory; Replace it immediately if damaged or lost; Take responsibility for its cleaning and periodic maintenance.
authorized personnel review tasks where there are elements of risk, to ensure that the work will be completely safe. The Work Permit System, inserted in the context of the company's Safety Management System, aims to safeguard the lives of personnel, by adopting safe procedures for carrying out any work in confined spaces.
out by at least two people, one of whom must be a watchman. Stop entry operations whenever a new risk of compromising the work arises, in accordance with the procedures for abandonment.
this standard; b) Identify the confined spaces existing in the establishment; c) Identify the specific risks of each confined space; IT IS THE EMPLOYER'S RESPONSIBILITY TO: d) Ensure ongoing training of workers on risks, control, emergency and rescue measures in confined spaces;
after the issuance, in writing, of the Entry and Work Permit, in accordance with the model contained in Annex II of this NR; g) Provide contracted companies with information about the risks in the areas where they will carry out their activities and require training for their workers; e) Implement occupational health and safety management in confined spaces, through technical prevention, administrative, personal and emergency and rescue measures, in order to permanently guarantee environments with adequate working conditions;
workers of contracted companies, providing the means and conditions for them to act in accordance with this NR; i) Stop any and all types of work if a serious and imminent risk condition is suspected, and immediately leave the site; j) Ensure updated information on risks and control measures before each access to confined spaces.
b) Properly use the means and equipment provided by the company; IT IS UP TO THE WORKERS: c) Report to the Security Guard and the Entry Supervisor any situations that pose a risk to your safety and health or that of third parties that you are aware of; d) Comply with the procedures and guidelines received in training regarding confined spaces.
during entry, including information on the mode, signs or symptoms and consequences of exposure; Use the equipment properly; Know how to operate communication resources, to allow the guard to monitor the workers' performance and alert them of the need to leave the confined space. The employer, or his legally authorized representative, must ensure that all authorized workers: DUTIES OF AUTHORIZED WORKERS
unforeseen dangerous situation; Detect a prohibited condition. The guard or entry supervisor orders abandonment; The worker detects any sign of danger, risk or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation; An abandonment alarm is activated. The worker must alert the security guard whenever: Egress from a confined space must be processed immediately if:
with workers; c) Continuously maintain an accurate count of the number of authorized workers; d) Call the rescue team, when necessary; e) Remain outside the confined space, near the entrance, until replaced by another guard; f) Not perform any task that could harm its primary duty to monitor and protect workers.
it is safe for workers to remain inside. Workers must be ordered to immediately leave the confined space if any of the following conditions occur: If the watchman detects a dangerous condition; If the guard detects a situation outside the confined space that could cause danger to workers; If the watchman cannot effectively and safely perform all of his duties. ABANDONMENT
information on the mode, signs or symptoms and consequences of exposure; Ensure that appropriate entries have been made in accordance with the PET, that all tests specified in the PET have been performed and that all procedures and equipment listed therein are available on site, before endorsing the PET and allowing entry to commence; Cancel entry procedures and PET, when necessary; Check whether emergency and rescue services are available, and whether the means to activate them are operational; Ensure, in the event of a change of watchman's shift, that responsibility for the continuity of the operation is correctly transferred to the watchman who takes over the service. DUTIES OF THE ENTRY SUPERVISOR
the rescue team needing to enter them, individual movers that do not harm the victim may be used, in accordance with first aid principles. RESCUE SYSTEMS
inherent to the work environment or to the operational process of various professional activities. They are, therefore, the environmental conditions of occupational safety capable of affecting the health, safety and well-being of the worker.
occupational pathology due to the high fatigue caused, which leads to: Reduced Productivity; Loss of Motivation; Reduction of working speed; Drop in Accuracy and Continuity in task execution; Increased incidence of accidents. HEATED ATMOSPHERE
in the work environment, of agents whose chemical action on the workers' bodies can cause occupational diseases. The main chemical risks are related to the amount of oxygen, hence the importance of taking measurements of the oxygen percentage at all levels of the Confined Space. Aerodispersoids; Vapors; Gases.
inherent in the execution of various professional activities. These factors can produce changes in the body and emotional state of workers, compromising their health, safety and, consequently, their productivity. Repetitive physical effort Inadequate posture Weightlifting
in the normal work routine, with the potential to cause accidents to the worker, putting their physical or moral integrity at risk. Uneven floors; Inadequate and exposed electrical installations; Lack of signage; Machines without protection.
applied before and during entry into any confined or hazardous space where there is a lack of oxygen, a toxic atmosphere or the presence of explosives.
become oxygen deficient due to the constant consumption of this element, produced by one or more of the following situations, among others: Friction of metals; Drying of paints or rubber coatings; Decomposition of organic matter such as sewage, fermentation of algae, growth of marine plants; Introduction of inert gases into spaces; Sun day's.
of organic matter such as sewage, fermentation of algae, growth of marine plants; Introduction of inert gases into spaces; Sun day's. This risk is the most frequently encountered. A space can become oxygen deficient due to the constant consumption of this element, produced by one or more of the following situations, among others:
although severe, cease without medical intervention, but are followed by a sudden possibility of fatal collapse or after 12 to 72 hours of exposure. Ex: CO e H2S.
hydrogen sulfide, or hydrogen sulfide (H2S) – a toxic gas, heavier than air, colorless and flammable, with a characteristic “rotten egg” odor when in low concentrations. It is also a byproduct of several industrial processes. Toxic levels of this gas can be found in: Tanneries, Oil refineries, Paper and synthetic fabric factories, among others.
a short time; Odor is perceived at low concentration – 0.02ppm; Inhibition of the Olfactory Organ occurs between 3 and 15mi -100ppm; Above 100ppm the eyes and throat begin to burn; At 200ppm they start to burn; Heavier than air (density 1.192); Autoignition Temperature - 250°C; Explosive Range in air 4.5 - 45.5%; Above 1,000ppm can cause instant death.
with a combustible gas indicator. A positive response on the meter display is an indication that the space contains a potential explosion hazard. FIRE AND EXPLOSION
areas, a respiratory protection program was created, which will provide procedures for selection, use and care of respiratory equipment. This program will be able to give maximum protection to the employee. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION PROGRAM
your physical and mental health. In it we find a condition (I P V S), being able to perform only emergency services such as: To perform any service in this class of Confined Space, the employer must provide adequate PPE to ensure the physical integrity and health of the worker. The use of PPE combined with air supply lines is mandatory while remaining in the E.C. CLASS 1: POTENTIAL HAZARD Rescue Valve closing
of leakage of toxic products, gases, oxygen deficiency or enrichment. Mechanisms are used to alter the atmosphere of the confined space, such as: Exhaustion Forced ventilation It is recommended to use PPE combined with air supply lines while remaining in the confined space, in addition to carrying escape equipment (Mask with breathing air bulb) ready for immediate use. CLASS 2: INTERMEDIATE
work normally. It does not pose any risk to their physical or mental health. Workers must carry escape equipment (Mask with breathing air bladder) ready for immediate use. CLASS 3: MILD
existence of a serious and imminent risk. Self-rescue - is one of the most important techniques for confined space workers. Something is strange, we better try another time.
important to check the safety level of the environment, using instruments such as an oximeter and explosimeter, among others. The instruments must be intrinsically safe (Ex i), which means they are not capable of releasing sufficient electrical (spark) or thermal energy to, under normal (i.e. opening or closing the circuit) or abnormal (e.g. short circuit or lack of grounding) conditions, cause the ignition of a given explosive atmosphere, as expressed in the equipment's certificate of conformity.
nitrogen or CO2, which forms a protective layer, preventing the reaction of the products. This process can have different practical applications. Inerting is the displacement of the existing atmosphere in a confined space by an inert gas, resulting in a non- combustible atmosphere with a deficiency of oxygen.
when air or flammable gases in a vessel (in this case the reactor) are displaced by dry, inert nitrogen. Purging is a cleaning method that makes the interior atmosphere of the confined space free of gases, vapors and other undesirable impurities through ventilation with water or gases/steam.
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