Inglês_NR_35_-_Trabalho_em_Altura_-_Rev._01.pdf

Transcript

1. Working at Height NR 35
2. REGULATORY STANDARDS Personal Protective Equipment NO-06 Working Conditions and Environment in the Construction Industry NR-18 Working Conditions and Environment in the Shipbuilding and Repair Industry NR-34 Working at Height NO 35 Rope Access - Qualification and certification of people NBR 15475 Rope access — Procedure for applying the method NBR 15595
3. NO 35 This Standard establishes the minimum requirements and protective measures for working at height, involving planning, organization and execution, in order to guarantee the safety and health of workers directly or indirectly involved in this activity. OBJECTIVE AND APPLICATION
4. CONCEPTS ITEM 35.1.2 Work at height is considered to be any activity carried out above 2.00 m (two meters) from the lower level, where there is a risk of falling. 1.
5. ITEM 34.6.1 Work at height is considered to be any activity carried out at different levels, and in which there is a risk of falling that could cause injury to the worker.
6. ITEM 34.6.1 Work at height is considered to be any activity carried out at different levels, and in which there is a risk of falling that could cause injury to the worker.
7. ITEM 34.6.1.1 Additionally, this standard is applicable to any Work carried out above two meters above the floor, where there is a risk of the Worker falling.
8. ensure that a prior assessment of the conditions at the work site at height is carried out, through the study, planning and implementation of the actions and additional safety measures applicable; ensure the Risk Analysis - APR is carried out and, when applicable, the Work Permit - PT is issued; RESPONSIBILITY develop operational procedures for routine work at height activities; ensure the implementation of the protective measures established in this standard; adopt the necessary measures to monitor compliance with the protective measures established in this standard by the contracted companies; 35.2.1 IT IS THE EMPLOYER'S RESPONSIBILITY TO: ​
9. ensure that any work at height only begins after the protective measures defined in this standard have been adopted; ensure that work at height is suspended when an unforeseen risk situation or condition is detected, the immediate elimination or neutralization of which is not possible; establish a system for authorizing workers to work at height; all the protective measures defined in this standard; ensure that all work at height is carried out under supervision, the form of which will be defined by the risk analysis in accordance with the peculiarities of the activity; provide workers with up-to-date information on risks and control measures; ensure the organization and archiving of the documentation provided for in this standard.
10. comply with legal and regulatory provisions on working at height, including procedures issued by the employer; 35.2.2 IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF WORKERS TO:​ ​ ​ collaborate with the employer in implementing the provisions contained in this standard; interrupt their activities by exercising their right to refuse, whenever they find evidence of serious and imminent risks to their safety and health or that of other people, immediately communicating the fact to their hierarchical superior, who will take the appropriate measures; ensure your safety and health and that of others who may be affected by your actions or omissions at work.
11. MAIN RISK AREAS​ Scaffolding, ladders, ramps and walkways; Drilling tower; Telecommunications tower; Helideck; ​ Flare; ​ Metal structures (legs, jackets, bracings, etc.); Hull of vessels; Confined spaces; Any other location with a difference in level where there is a risk of falling.
12. TRAINING AND EDUCATION A qualified worker is considered to be someone who proves completion of a course specific to their activity at an institution recognized by the official education system. SKILLED WORKER A worker who is previously qualified and registered with the relevant professional association is considered a legally qualified professional. LEGALLY QUALIFIED PROFESSIONAL: A worker qualified to work at height is considered to be one who has undergone theoretical and practical training, with a minimum workload of eight hours, the program content of which must include, in addition to the risks present in the activity: SKILLED WORKER:
13. a) standards and regulations applicable to work at height; b) risk analysis and prohibitive conditions; c) potential risks inherent to work at height and prevention and control measures; d) collective protection systems, equipment and procedures; 1. e) Personal Protective Equipment for working at height: selection, inspection, maintenance and limitation of use;​ f) typical accidents when working at height; g) conduct in emergency situations, including notions of rescue and first aid techniques.
14. 35.3.3 The employer must conduct periodic training every two years and whenever any of the following situations occur: 1. a) change in work procedures, conditions or operations; b) event indicating the need for new training; c) return from absence from work for a period exceeding ninety days; d) change of company. 1. 35.3.3.1 The biennial periodic training must have a minimum workload of eight hours, according to the program content defined by the employer. 1.
15. MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS Regarding the assessment of the health status of trained, qualified and authorized workers to work at height, the company is responsible for: Ensure that the assessment is carried out periodically, considering the risks involved in each situation; Ensure examinations and assessment systems are integral parts of the PCMSO (Occupational Health Medical Control Program);
16. Protocol of specific examinations to investigate problems related to: epilepsy, hypertension, heart disease, motor coordination disorders, dizziness, obesity, hearing loss, anxiety, acrophobia; Sleep disorders, alcoholism/drugs, use of controlled medication, among others; The suitability for working at height must be recorded in the worker's occupational health certificate.
17. Planning and Organization
18. 35.4.2 In work planning, the following hierarchy must be adopted: a) measures to avoid working at height, whenever there is an alternative means of execution; b) measures that eliminate the risk of workers falling, if it is not possible to perform the work in any other way; c) measures that minimize the consequences of a fall, when the risk of falling cannot be eliminated.
19. 35.4.3 All work at height must be carried out under supervision, the form of which will be defined by the risk analysis in accordance with the peculiarities of the activity. 35.4.4 The execution of the service must consider external influences that may alter the workplace conditions already foreseen in the risk analysis.
20. 35.4.5 All work at height must be preceded by a Risk Analysis.
21. 35.4.5.1 The Risk Analysis must, in addition to the risks inherent to working at height, consider: a) the location where the services will be performed and its surroundings; b) the isolation and signage around the work area; c) the establishment of anchoring systems and points; d) adverse weather conditions; e) the selection, inspection, form of use and limitation of use of collective and individual protection systems, in compliance with current technical standards, manufacturers' guidelines and the principles of reducing impact and fall factors;
22. f) the risk of falling materials and tools;​ g) simultaneous work that presents specific risks;​ h) compliance with the health and safety requirements contained in other regulatory standards;​ i) additional risks;​ j) the prohibitive conditions; k) the emergency situations and the planning of rescue and first aid, in order to reduce the time the worker is inertly suspended; l) the need for a communication system; m) the form of supervision.
23. Overconfidence; Lack of PPE or incorrect use thereof; Failures in PPE/EPC; Structural collapses; Why do accidents occur when working at height? MAIN RISKS IN WORKING AT HEIGHT
24. Access to dangerous places; Falling materials/moving objects; Fatigue / tiredness / phobias; ​ Failure to comply with and/or lack of knowledge of standards, norms or safe execution practices.
25. PERMIT TO WORK AT HEIGHT
26. 35.4.7.1 For non-routine activities, control measures must be highlighted in the Risk Analysis and in the Work Permit. 35.4.8 The Work Permit must be issued, approved by the person responsible for authorizing the permit, made available at the location where the activity is carried out and, at the end, closed and archived in a way that allows its traceability.
27. 35.4.8.1 The Work Permit must contain: a) the minimum requirements to be met for the execution of the work; b) the provisions and measures established in the Risk Analysis; c) the list of all those involved and their authorizations. 35.4.8.2 The Work Permit must be valid for a limited period of time for the activity, restricted to the work shift, and may be revalidated by the person responsible for approval in situations where there are no changes in the established conditions or in the work team.
28. Before starting work, an inspection of all PPE to be used must be carried out and recorded, refusing any that show faults or deformations or that have suffered an impact from a fall, in the case of safety belts. PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
29. Personal Protective Equipment - PPE, accessories and anchoring systems must be selected considering the load applied to them and the respective safety factor, in the event of a fall. If it is technically impossible to use a safety cable, proven by a Risk Analysis, approved by a worker qualified in occupational safety, an alternative means of protection against falling from a height may be used.
30. SAFETY ROPE The SOUL is responsible for 60% to 70% of the rope's strength. The COVER provides protection against external agents. It is responsible for 30% to 40% of the rope's resistance. The rope is divided into two parts: NBR ROPES - 15986. Composition: Polyamide 6.6 (cover and core) and polyester only on the cover.
31. ANCHOR ACCESSORY Carabiners and Connectors
32. Let's learn a little more about carabiners and connectors Locking carabiner Basic connector (class B)
33. Quick Link (Q Class) Anchor connector (class A) Anchor connector (class T) Multipurpose fast elo (class Q)
34. Here we see connection devices between components, which open and allow the user to assemble a fall arrest system and connect it directly or indirectly to an anchor point. All of this equipment is manufactured based on NBR-15837 / EN 362.
35. Let's learn about the incorrect use of connectors/ mosquetões?
36. Is the string position correct?
37. For the connector/carabiner to work correctly, in addition to being in perfect condition and functionality, other aspects must be taken into account, such as: - Concrete work situations - The correct working position - If the connector is properly closed
38. PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Safety Belt and Fall Arrest
39. Parachute type safety belt PPE can vary greatly in the following items: - Manufacturer; - Comfort; - Design. OBSERVATION Some have a lanyard with 2 ends. All manufacturers must be based on NBR – 15836 / EN 361.
40. Personal Protective Equipment used for work at heights where there is a risk of falling, must be adjustable, fixed to the professional's body, in order to distribute the support and stopping forces, over the waist, shoulders, chest and thighs.
41. SLIDING FALL ARRESTER FOR RIGID LINE Indication of working position Compliant with OSHA, ANSI, ANSI Z359 and ABNT NBR 14628:2010.
42. 3rd - Page 43 - Using the fall arrester
43. RETRACTABLE FALL ARREST Compliant with OSHA, ANSI, ANSI Z359 and ABNT NBR 14628:2010. Safety Lanyard - NBR - 15834 / EN 354 Energy Absorber - NBR - 14629 / EN 355
44. FALL FACTOR Factor < 1, = 1 and =2 or critical
45. Let's understand the reason for the distance the worker travels if a fall occurs? IT IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW THE LENGTH OF THE EQUIPMENT THAT WILL STOP IT!!!!
46. Let’s better understand the three types of fall factors?
47. footer TEMPORARY LADDER SUPPORTS FIXED LADDER​ For hot work they cannot be made of wood; They must have handrails and skirting boards; Temporary stairs for collective use must be sized according to the flow; Minimum width of 80 cm; Intermediate level at least every 2.9m; Landing with width and length at least equal to the width of the stairs. Fixed sailor-type ladders, from 6 meters, must have the following characteristics: a) Protective cage from 2 m above the base to 1 m above the last work surface; b) Intermediate resting platform protected by guardrail and skirting, for each 9 m flight. ​ WORKING AT HEIGHT WITH LADDERS ​ Crossing floors with a difference in level greater than thirty centimeters must be done using stairs or a ramp.
48. LADDERS LAPTOPS They must be restricted to temporary access and small-scale services: ​ a) For hot work, they cannot be made of wood; ​ b) Size up to 7 m long and uniformly spaced (25 to 30 cm); ​ c) They must extend 1 m beyond the upper floor; ​ d) Have non-slip steps; ​ e) Fixed to the upper and lower floors or have a device that prevents them from slipping; ​ f) Supported on a resistant floor; ​
49. VARIOUS ACTIVITIES WITH PORTABLE LADDER
50. LADDERS (PORTABLE)
51. FIXED PLATFORMS​ They must be designed, approved, installed and maintained in such a way as to support the maximum permitted loads; The project must be carried out by a legally qualified professional; The use of any means to reach higher places on the floor is prohibited; Placement of visible and indelible signs indicating the maximum permitted load.
52. AERIAL WORK PLATFORM. Observe the manufacturer's specifications regarding assembly, operation, maintenance, disassembly and periodic inspections under the technical responsibility of a legally qualified professional; Installation, maintenance and periodic inspection by a qualified professional under the supervision of a legally qualified professional. ​ Operation only by a qualified professional; ​ All users must receive guidance on the correct loading and positioning of materials on the platform; ​ ​
53. WORKING AT HEIGHT USING SCAFFOLDING Platform for working at high heights using a temporary structure or support device. ​ Design, dimensioning and calculation carried out by a legally qualified professional. ​ Procedure for issuing a PT for the assembly, disassembly and maintenance of scaffolding. ​ ​ TO USE : Shoe Base plate Load distributi on board ​
54. SOME TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING​ External Scaffolding: Simply supported metal scaffolding fixed to the structure along the side or house. ​
55. Simply supported scaffolding Scaffolding whose platform is simply supported, and can be fixed or move horizontally.
56. Fixed Scaffolding Fixed scaffolding supported by cantilever beam.
57. RELEASE OF SCAFFOLDING During assembly, disassembly or maintenance processes, signs must be displayed: RED = use prohibited or GREEN = use permitted. They should only be used after being approved by the SMS professional or, in the absence of one, by the person responsible for compliance with this Standard, together with the person in charge of the service.
58. RELEASE OF SCAFFOLDING They should only be used after being approved by the SMS professional or, in the absence of one, by the person responsible for compliance with this Standard, together with the person in charge of the service.
59. SCAFFOLDING PROCEDURES The project calculation memory maintained in the unit; Immediate interruption of assembly or disassembly in case of poor lighting and adverse weather conditions, among others; Mandatory use of a parachute-type safety belt, with double lanyard; Tools stored and attached to the belt; Isolation of the area during assembly, disassembly or maintenance. Fixation to firm structures, braced or anchored at points with sufficient resistance;
60. Fixing may be dispensed with when the tower does not exceed, in height, three times the smallest dimension of the support base; The cantilever scaffold structure must be braced and anchored to eliminate oscillations; Uprights firmly supported by footings on a solid and level base capable of withstanding stresses and loads; Fully lined, non-slip, leveled and securely and firmly fixed floor, remaining unobstructed;
61. SCAFFOLDING PROTECTION Rigid and fixed guardrail; Distance between the guardrail and the platform = 0.70m to 1.20m; Skirting boards next to the board with a minimum height of 20 cm; In the event of a fall towards the inside, a guardrail and skirting board must also be installed.
62. PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Personal Protective Equipment - PPE, accessories and anchoring systems must be selected considering the load applied to them and the respective safety factor, in the event of a fall. Before starting work, an inspection of all PPE to be used must be carried out and recorded, refusing those that present faults or deformations or that have suffered an impact from a fall, in the case of safety belts. If it is technically impossible to use a safety cable, proven by Risk Analysis, approved by the worker qualified in occupational safety, an alternative means of protection against falling from a height may be used.
63. Personal protective equipment against falls from height Parachute type safety belt NBR – 15836 PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - CA​ IN 361 Personal Protective Equipment used for work at heights where there is a risk of falling, must be adjustable, fixed to the professional's body, in order to distribute the support and stopping forces, over the thighs, waist, chest and shoulders.
64. SAFETY ROPES THE ROPE IS DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS: NBR ROPES - 15986 Core: Responsible for 60% to 70% of the rope's strength. Cover: Provides protection against external agents. It is responsible for 30% to 40% of the rope's resistance.
65. ANCHORAGE ACCESSORIES Carabiners/Connectors NBR-15837 / EN 362 A device for connecting components, which opens and allows the user to assemble a fall arrest system and connect it directly or indirectly to an anchor point. 1. Carabiner with locks Basic Class B connector Class A Anchor Connector Class T connector Multipurpose/Quick Link Class M Class Q Quick Link
66. PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT SLIDING FALL ARRESTER FOR RIGID LINES: ​ COMPLIANT WITH OSHA, ANSI, ANSI Z359 AND ABNT NBR 14628:2010.​ RETRACTABLE FALL ARREST: COMPLIANT WITH OSHA, ANSI, ANSI Z359 AND ABNT NBR 14628:2010​ RETRACTABLE FALL ARREST: COMPLIANT WITH OSHA, ANSI, ANSI Z359 AND ABNT NBR 14628:2010 SAFETY LANYARD - NBR - 15834 / EN 354​ ENERGY ABSORBER - NBR - 14629 / EN 355
67. INERT SUSPENSION Definition: This is the situation in which a victim, fitted with a parachute-type seat belt, remains suspended, without movement, for example, when unconscious. In these conditions, the seat belt straps press on the lower limbs, hindering circulation, which can cause serious physiological damage in just a few minutes.
68. Symptoms​ Pallor Cold Sweats Nausea high-pitched noises in the ears blurred vision vertigo feeling faint loss of consciousness death Held by the seat belt 1. Legs suspended, blood flow is impeded by the leg clamp and gravity 2. Blood collects in the large muscles of the leg 3. The return of blood to the heart decreases 4. Danger plus pain causes increased heart rate and hormone releasing 5. Reduced pumping action of the heart due to decreased blood return 6. More blood accumulates in the legs 7. Reflex action of the body reduces heart rate and blood pressure 8. Blood flow reduces to the brain 9. Victim loses consciousness 10. Blood flow to the brain continues to decline 11. Brain injury 12. Eventual death 13.
69. Amount of blood in our body = 7% (approximate) of our body mass; ​ Quantity of blood in a normal individual weighing 70 kg = 5 liters, with 300 ml in each leg and 150 ML in each arm;​ Quantity of blood in an individual with belt syndrome weighing 70 kg = 5 liters, with 1.5L in each leg and 750ML in each arm.​ ​ ​ Factors that reduce the possibility of suspension trauma: Control the time spent working in suspension; Correct placement of the seat belt; Never remain static; Use surfaces as support and rest; Use highchair type seats when available; Use some type of ABS device or system; Forecast of rescue plans;
70. EMERGENCY AND RESCUE Lower the victim, never place them lying down with their legs stretched out horizontally; Leave the victim lying on their side with their legs bent; If possible, remove the belt (cut it as a last resort) or loosen the straps; Check pulse and breathing; If possible, remove the belt (cut it as a last resort) or loosen the straps; Call for help from a medical professional (preferably a specialist)
71. The company must develop and implement emergency and rescue procedures appropriate for working at height, covering, as a minimum: Description of possible accident scenarios, obtained from the Risk Analysis; description of rescue and first aid measures to be carried out in case of emergency; selection and techniques for using communication equipment, emergency lighting, rescue, first aid and victim transportation;
72. EMERGENCY AND RESCUE PLANS Possibility for the worker, by his/her own means or through specific devices or procedures, to escape an emergency situation. SELF-RESCUE​ Possibility of contacting emergency services from the location; Existence of adequate first aid equipment; Existence of trained workers or team responsible for first aid and rescue measures. PREVENTIVE MEASURES
73. RESCUE PLAN​ Provide a team to respond in case of emergencies for working at height. The team may be in-house, external or made up of the workers themselves who perform the work at height, depending on the characteristics of the activities. The employer must ensure that the team has the necessary resources for responses and emergencies. Emergency response actions involving working at height must be included in the company's emergency plan. EMERGENCY AND RESCUE:
74. RESCUE PLAN​ Selection and techniques for using communication equipment, emergency lighting, rescue, first aid and victim transportation; Activation of the team responsible for carrying out rescue and first aid measures; Periodic rescue and fire-fighting simulation, considering possible accident scenarios for work at height, carried out at least once a year.
75. HISTORY OF ROPE ACCESS IN BRAZIL 1994 - Beginning of rope access in Brazil 1996 - Use in petrochemical industries. 2001 - The IRATA method is adopted. 2006 - ABNT Companies providing Equipment, Services, Training and Users came together to create the Brazilian Rope Access Standards. 2007 - Approved NBR-15475 Standard for Qualification and Certification of Personnel 2008 - Approved NBR-15595 Standard Procedure for Application of the Method Created Brazilian Certification in Rope Access. 2011 - NR 34 2012 - NR 35​ 2014 - Anexo NR 35.
76. ROPE ACCESS Progression technique using ropes, together with other mechanical equipment, to ascend, descend or move horizontally in the workplace, as well as for positioning at the work point. QUALIFICATION:​ Demonstration of physical fitness, knowledge, skills, training and experience required for the proper execution of the activities established by this Standard. Candidates must present the Occupational Health Certificate – ASO deeming them fit to practice the profession. They must ensure that they are in good physical condition and that they are capable of performing activities that require agility, coordination, and that they are capable of controlling the stress of work in adverse conditions.
77. ​ IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF RISKS AND DAMAGES​ RISK ASSESSMENT AND OBJECTIVE ​ Reduce risks and accidents in operations through: ​ identification of potential risks; assessment of its probability and severity; adoption of prevention and rescue measures.
78. MAIN RISK AREAS Scaffolding, ladders, ramps and walkways; Drilling tower; Telecommunications tower; ​ Helideck; Flare; ​ Metal structures (legs, jackets, bracings, etc.) Hull of vessels; Confined spaces; Any other location with a difference in level where there is a risk of falling.
79. THE RISKS THAT EXIST IN THE WORKPLACE ARE CALLED PROFESSIONAL RISKS AND ARE SUBDIVIDED INTO OPERATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS. PROFESSIONAL RISKS​
80. PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL AND ERGONOMIC AGENTS​ PHYSICAL AGENTS​ Extreme Temperatures Humidity Noise​ Vibrations​ Abnormal Pressures​ Etc. CHEMICAL AGENTS Aerodispersoid​ Vapors​ Gases ERGONOMIC AGENTS Repetitive physical effort Weightlifting Inadequate posture​
81. ERGONOMICS INADEQUATE POSTURE Lumbar disc herniation Hernia
82. ANCHORAGE THE ANCHOR POINTS MUST HAVE THE STRENGTH TO SUPPORT THE LOAD THEY WILL SUPPORT AND THE CHOICE OF THESE POINTS MUST CONSIDER THE RESULTS OF THE RISK ANALYSIS STUDIES AND THESE POINTS MUST BE DEFINED IN THE WORK AT HEIGHT PROCEDURES, AS MENTIONED IN ITEM 5.4 OF NR-35. Anchors can be: Fixed Provisional ​
83. Fixed Anchorage According to ABNT/ NBR- 16325-1​ ANCHORAGE​
84. PROVISIONAL ANCHORING​ ARTIFICIAL ANCHOR POINT CHEMICAL ANCHOR MECHANICAL ANCHOR ACCORDING TO ABNT/ NBR- 16325-1​
85. USE OF STEEL GUIDE CABLE According to ABNT/ NBR- 16325-2​
86. LIFELINE – ANCHORAGE SYSTEM Lifeline consists of the installation of ropes or tapes connected to the safety belt and anchors with the aim of allowing people to work at height safely.
87. INSTALLATION OF A TEMPORARY LIFELINE It is important to determine intermediate anchorages for the lifelines, so as not to provide a long beam in possible falls.
88. FALL RESTRAINT – ANCHORAGE SYSTEM ​ If it is not possible to eliminate the risk of falling, a system must be adopted that minimizes the size and consequences of a fall. The fall arrest system consists of a parachute harness (mandatory), a fall arrest safety lanyard or a fall arrester and an anchoring device. The system must have a means of absorbing energy to limit the forces generated on the worker and also protect the anchoring.
89. Fall arrest and lifeline systems must resist a factor of 2.5 times the dynamic impact of 6KN, that is, they must resist 15KN (minimum).
90. MAIN AREAS WITH HIGH RISK OF FALLING
92. Rescue Equipment and System
93. TRIPOD
94. THANKS ! BE CAREFUL, ALWAYS STAY TIE DOWN WHEN WORKING AT HEIGHT, YOUR FAMILY IS WAITING FOR YOU!