Beyond Accuracy: Behavioral Testing of NLP Models with CheckList

#FZPOE"DDVSBDZ#FIBWJPSBM5FTUJOHPG/-1 .PEFMTXJUI$)&$,-*45 ߅଻ള .-3FTFBSDI4DJFOUJTU 1JOHQPOH

0WFSWJFX 0WFSWJFX "$- #FTU1BQFS .JDSPTPGU3FTFBSDI 6OJWPG8BTIJOHUPO 6OJWPG$BMJGPSOJB
*SWJOF $PEFIUUQTHJUIVCDPNNBSDPUDSDIFDLMJTU ೠ઴ਃড ׮নೠ/-1ݽ؛ਸ4PGUXBSF5FTUJOHҙ੼ীࢲಣо೧ࠁ੗

ݾର ݾର *OUSPEVDUJPO $)&$,-*45 5FTUJOH405"XJUI$)&$,-*45 $PNNFSDJBM4ZTUFNBOE$)&$,-*45
$PODMVTJPO

*OUSPEVDUJPO *OUSPEVDUJPO

*OUSPEVDUJPO (FOFSBMJ[BUJPOPG/-1NPEFMT ↟ ੌ߈ച (FOFSBMJ[BUJPO ח٩۞׬ݽ؛੉୶ҳ೧ঠೞחо੢௾ݾ಴઺ೞաੑפ׮ ↟ ݽ؛੉೟णೠؘ੉ఠࡺ݅ইפۄ ੉੹ীחೠߣبࠁ૑ঋ਷ؘ੉ఠ VOTFFOEBUB
ীࢲبੜ೧ঠ೤פ׮ ↟ ݽ؛੄ੌ߈ചػࢿמਸࡅܰѱ౵ঈೞӝਤ೧ ੹୓ؘ੉ఠࣇਸള۲ಣоࣇਵ۽ҳ࠙ ↟ ୭Ӕীח)VNBOQFSGPNBODFܳڪযֈחݽ؛ٜب׮ࣻઓ੤  

*OUSPEVDUJPO (FOFSBMJ[BUJPOPG/-1NPEFMT ↟ ੌ߈ച (FOFSBMJ[BUJPO ח٩۞׬ݽ؛੉୶ҳ೧ঠೞחо੢௾ݾ಴઺ೞաੑפ׮ ↟ ݽ؛੉೟णೠؘ੉ఠࡺ݅ইפۄ ੉੹ীחೠߣبࠁ૑ঋ਷ؘ੉ఠ VOTFFOEBUB
ীࢲبੜ೧ঠ೤פ׮ ↟ ݽ؛੄ੌ߈ചػࢿמਸࡅܰѱ౵ঈೞӝਤ೧ ੹୓ؘ੉ఠࣇਸള۲ಣоࣇਵ۽ҳ࠙ ↟ ୭Ӕীח)VNBOQFSGPNBODFܳڪযֈחݽ؛ٜب׮ࣻઓ੤   ↟ ೞ૑݅ಣоؘ੉ఠীࢲੜೞחѪਵ۽୽࠙ೡө ↟ ٩۞׬ݽ؛੉૓੿ਵ۽঱যܳ੉೧ೞӝࠁ׮ח 5BTLTQFDJGJDೞҊ%BUBTQFDJGJDೠಁఢਸ৻ਛӝٸޙীࢿמ੉֫׮ח૑੸بԲળ൤ઁӝؾפ׮ ↟ ٮۄࢲഅ੤୊ۢMFBEFSCPBSE੄֫਷Ҕਸೱೠোҳߑೱ਷ ੗ஞݽ؛੄מ۱ਸPWFSFTUJNBUFೡࣻب੓णפ׮ ↟ tղо݅ٚݽ؛੉SFBMXPSMEীࢲઁ؀۽ز੘ೞח૑ഛੋೞ۰ݶ যڌѱ೧ঠೡө u

(PPHMF4FOUJNFOU"OBMZTJT"1* *OUSPEVDUJPO

(PPHMF4FOUJNFOU"OBMZTJT"1* *OUSPEVDUJPO ↟ য়טݡ਷਺ध੉աࢁ૑ঋও׮ݶ੸যب/FVUSBM੉ա৬ঠೞ૑݅ ৈ੹൤/FHBUJWFੑפ׮

(PPHMF4FOUJNFOU"OBMZTJT"1* *OUSPEVDUJPO

(PPHMF4FOUJNFOU"OBMZTJT"1* *OUSPEVDUJPO ↟ /FVUSBMޙ੢੄/FHBUJPO਷/FVUSBM੉ৈঠೞ૑݅ ъೠ/FHBUJWFоա৳णפ׮

1SFWJPVT8PSL *OUSPEVDUJPO ↟ ੿ഛب৻੄׮নೠߑߨਵ۽ݽ؛੄מ۱ਸಣоೞחোҳоઓ੤೤פ׮ ↟ ੄ب੸ਵ۽য়ఋٜܳ݅যࢲݽ؛੄3PCVTUOFTTܳಣоೞӝ ↟ ޙ੢ਸQBSBQISBTJOH೧ࢲ׹੉߸ೞח૑ࠁӝ ↟ ౠ੿ݺࢎܳ஖ജ೧ࢲݽ؛੄'BJSOFTTܳಣоೞӝ
tղҊೱ਷ೠҴ੉ঠu tղҊೱ਷ࣗ۲੉ঠu tղҊೱ਷ই೐ܻ஠ঠu ↟ ӝઓোҳ੄ೠ҅ ↟ ؀ࠗ࠙੄োҳח2" TFOUJNFOUBOBMZTJT /-*١ѐ߹੸ੋUBTLܳ؀࢚ਵ۽ೣ ↟ ੐੄੄ݽ؛ী؀ೠನҚ੸ੋಣоо੉٘ۄੋ੉غӝয۰਑

$)&$,-*45 $)&$,-*45

ઁউೞחߑߨݽ؛ب4PGUXBSFܳ5FTUೞחѪ୊ۢಣо೧ࠁ੗ $)&$,-*45 ↟ 4PGUXBSF&OHJOFFSJOH࠙ঠ੄t#FIBWJPS5FTUJOHu BLB#MBDLCPY5FTUJOH җਬࢎೠߑߨਸઁউ೤פ׮

ઁউೞחߑߨݽ؛ب4PGUXBSFܳ5FTUೞחѪ୊ۢಣо೧ࠁ੗ ↟ 4PGUXBSF&OHJOFFSJOH࠙ঠ੄t#FIBWJPS5FTUJOHu BLB#MBDLCPY5FTUJOH җਬࢎೠߑߨਸઁউ೤פ׮ ↟ ղࠗҳઑח੹ഃҊ۰ೞ૑ঋҊ ٯੑ۱୹۱݅о૑Ҋݽ؛੄מ۱ $BQBCJMJUZ ਸಣо೤פ׮
8IBUUP5FTU ↟ 5BTLীҙ҅হ੉ы୶যঠೞחৈ۞-JOHVJTUJD$BQBCJMJUZ FH /FHBUJPO /&3 ܳݽ؛੉ઁ؀۽ы୶Ҋ੓ח૑ಣо೤פ׮ $)&$,-*45

8IBUUP5FTU ↟ 5BTLীҙ҅হ੉ы୶যঠೞחৈ۞-JOHVJTUJD$BQBCJMJUZ FH /FHBUJPO /&3 ܳݽ؛੉ઁ؀۽ы୶Ҋ੓ח૑ಣо೤פ׮ ↟ ೞա੄$BQBCJMJUZоGBJMVSF೮ਸٸ ੉ܳTQFDJGJDCFIBWJPS۽ա־ӝਤ೧ѐ੄5FTU5ZQFਸبੑ೤פ׮ )PXUP5FTU ↟ .JOJNVN'VODUJPOBMJUZ5FTU .'5 ݽ؛୹۱੉৘࢚чҗزੌೠ૑ 6OJU5FTU ↟ *OWBSJBODF5FTU */7 ݽ؛ੑ۱੉߄Շযب୹۱੉੉੹җزੌೠ૑ 1FSUVSCBUJPO5FTU ↟ %JSFDUJPOBM&YQFDUBUJPO5FTU %&5 ݽ؛ੑ۱ਸ߄Բݶ୹۱੉৘࢚чҗزੌೠ૑ 1FSUVSCBUJPO5FTU $)&$,-*45

8IBUUP5FTU ↟ 5BTLীҙ҅হ੉ы୶যঠೞחৈ۞-JOHVJTUJD$BQBCJMJUZ FH /FHBUJPO /&3 ܳݽ؛੉ઁ؀۽ы୶Ҋ੓ח૑ಣо೤פ׮ ↟ ೞա੄$BQBCJMJUZоGBJMVSF೮ਸٸ ੉ܳTQFDJGJDCFIBWJPS۽ա־ӝਤ೧ѐ੄5FTU5ZQFਸبੑ೤פ׮ )PXUP5FTU ↟ .JOJNVN'VODUJPOBMJUZ5FTU .'5 ݽ؛୹۱੉৘࢚чҗزੌೠ૑ 6OJU5FTU ↟ *OWBSJBODF5FTU */7 ݽ؛ੑ۱੉߄Շযب୹۱੉੉੹җزੌೠ૑ 1FSUVSCBUJPO5FTU ↟ %JSFDUJPOBM&YQFDUBUJPO5FTU %&5 ݽ؛ੑ۱ਸ߄Բݶ୹۱੉৘࢚чҗزੌೠ૑ 1FSUVSCBUJPO5FTU ↟ ݆਷పझ౟௏٘ܳࡅܰѱ݅٘חѪਸذӝਤ೧UFNQMBUF MFYJDPO QFSUVSCBUJPO WJTVBMJ[BUJPO .BTLFE-.١੄5PPMਸઁҕ೤פ׮ $)&$,-*45

&YBNQMF ↟ ಣоೞח$BQBCJMJUZ/&("5*0/ ↟ 5FTU5ZQF.'5 ୹۱੉৘࢚җزੌೠ૑ $)&$,-*45

&YBNQMF ↟ ಣоೞח$BQBCJMJUZ/&3 ↟ 5FTU5ZQF*/7 ੑ۱੉׳ۄઉب୹۱੉زੌೠ૑ $)&$,-*45

&YBNQMF ↟ ಣоೞח$BQBCJMJUZ7PDBCVMBSZ ↟ 5FTU5ZQF%*3 ੑ۱੉׳ۄ૕ٸ୹۱੉৘࢚җزੌೠ૑ $)&$,-*45

&YBNQMF $)&$,-*45 ↟ ੉৬э਷పझ౟о՘աݶ ਤ੄಴୊ۢݽ؛੉ы୸঱য೟੸מ۱ਸಣоೡࣻ੓णפ׮

6TBHF&YBNQMFమ೒݁࠼஢ਸࣚਵ۽଻ਕࢲపझ౟ா੉झٜܳ݅ӝ $)&$,-*45

6TBHF&YBNQMFమ೒݁࠼஢ਸ-FYJDPOਵ۽଻ਕࢲపझ౟ா੉झٜܳ݅ӝ $)&$,-*45

6TBHF&YBNQMFమ೒݁࠼஢ਸ#&35੄.BTLFE-.ਵ۽଻ਕࢲపझ౟ா੉झٜܳ݅ӝ $)&$,-*45

5FTUJOH405"XJUI$)&$,-*45 5FTUJOH405"XJUI$)&$,-*45

405"ݽ؛ٜਸಣо೧ࠁ੗ 5FTUJOH405"XJUI$)&$,-*45 ↟ Ӕؘࢎपখ੄5BTL݅ࠁݶ ޙઁоցޖएਕࠁੌࣻب੓णפ׮ ↟ ѐ5BTLী؀೧૓೯೤פ׮ ↟ 4FOUJNFOU"OBMZTJT ↟
%VQMJDBUFE2VFTUJPO%FUFDUJPO ↟ 3FBEJOH$PNQSFIFOTJPO ↟ ৈ۞ݽ؛ٜਸ؀࢚ਵ۽೤פ׮ ↟ $PNNFSDJBMNPEFMT(PPHMF .4 "NB[PO ↟ 405"NPEFMT#&35 3P#&35B

4FOUJNFOU"OBMZTJT 5FTUJOH405"XJUI$)&$,-*45 ↟ /FVUSBM8PSEܳ߄Ծ਺ীب4FOUJNFOUѾҗо߄Շ঻णפ׮

4FOUJNFOU"OBMZTJT 5FTUJOH405"XJUI$)&$,-*45 ↟ ࢎѤ੄ࢲࣽਸ߈৔ೞ૑ޅೣਸঌࣻ੓णפ׮

4FOUJNFOU"OBMZTJT 5FTUJOH405"XJUI$)&$,-*45 ↟ ױࣽೠࠗ੿ޙীبपಁೠѾҗо݆णפ׮

4FOUJNFOU"OBMZTJT 5FTUJOH405"XJUI$)&$,-*45 ↟ খ੄ޙ੢ਸߣࠂೞחޙ੢੉ࠢਵݶ৘ஏѾҗо߄Շযঠೞ૑݅ Ӓ۞૑ޅ೤פ׮

%VQMJDBUFE2VFTUJPO%FUFDUJPO 5FTUJOH405"XJUI$)&$,-*45

%VQMJDBUFE2VFTUJPO%FUFDUJPO 5FTUJOH405"XJUI$)&$,-*45 ↟ Ѿҗ৘ஏীҙ҅হחݺࢎо஖ജغݶѾҗо߄Շযߡ݀פ׮

3FBEJOH$PNQSFIFOTJPO 5FTUJOH405"XJUI$)&$,-*45 ↟ IBNTUFSWFIJDMF੉ۄחҙ҅ܳ౵ঈೞ૑ޅ೤פ׮

3FBEJOH$PNQSFIFOTJPO 5FTUJOH405"XJUI$)&$,-*45 ↟ য়ఋ١੄QFSUVSCBUJPOী޹хೞѱ߈਽೤פ׮

$PNNFSDJBM4ZTUFNBOE $)&$,-*45 $PNNFSDJBM4ZTUFNBOE$)&$,-*45

$PNNFSDJBM4ZTUFNBOE$)&$,-*45 ↟ খীࢲࠅࣻ੓٠ ௾*5ӝস੄ࢲ࠺झա405"ݽ؛੉ۄبষ୒݆਷ߡӒоߊѼغ঻णפ׮ ↟ Ӓۢ$)&$,-*45оߡӒܳ଺חؘ঴݃աب਑੉ؼࣻ੓ਸө

$PNNFSDJBM4ZTUFNBOE$)&$,-*45 6TFSTUVEZ#&35۽݅ٚ%21ܳदрزউಣо೧ࠁ੗ ↟ ೠ઴ਃড $)&$,-*45о੓ਵݶ؊݆਷పझ౟ா੉झٜܳ݅Ҋ ؊݆਷ߡӒܳ଺ওणפ׮ $BQBCJMJUZ$BQBCJMJUZ 5FNQMBUF

$PODMVTJPO $PODMVTJPO

$PODMVTJPO ↟ /-1ݽ؛ਸ4PGUXBSF୊ۢಣо೧ঠೠ׮ ↟ Ӓۧ׮ݶޖ঺ਸ যڌѱಣо೧ঠೡө ↟ ޖ঺ਸ-JOHVJTUJD$BQBCJMJUZ ↟
যڌѱ6OJU5FTU .'5 1FSUVSCBUJPOT */7 %*3 ↟ ੉ܳذӝਤೠ.BTLFE-. दпച -FYJDPO١ਸઁҕ೤פ׮ ↟ $PEFIUUQTHJUIVCDPNNBSDPUDSDIFDLMJTU $PODMVTJPO

хࢎ೤פ׮✌ ୶о૕ޙژחҾӘೠ੼੉੓׮ݶ঱ઁٚইېোۅ୊۽োۅ઱ࣁਃ ߅଻ള .-3FTFBSDI4DJFOUJTU 1JOHQPOH &NBJMDIBFIVO!TDBUUFSMBCDPLS

Beyond Accuracy: Behavioral Testing of NLP Mode...

Beyond Accuracy: Behavioral Testing of NLP Models with CheckList

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