仮説検定とP値

1஋ʹৼΓճ͞Εͳ͍ͨΊͷ Ծઆݕఆͱ1஋ͷ࿩ ࠤ౻ढ़ଠ࿕ ௕࡚େֶපӃྟচݚڀηϯλʔ TIVOUBSPTBUP!OBHBTBLJVBDKQ

ʰݱ୅Ӹֶʱൃച 3

5 ݕఆͱ͸ʁɹ1஋ͱ͸ʁ

7 Ͳ͏͍͏ͱ͖ʹݕఆ͸໰୊ʹͳΔʁ

ྫɿෳ਺࣌఺ଌఆͨ͠σʔλͷൺֱ 8 ͋Δछͷ ৺ΞϛϩΠυʔγεױऀ ύνγϥϯʢOʣ ϓϥηϘʢOʣ ओཁධՁ߲໨ʢϓϥΠϚϦʔΤϯυϙΠϯτʣ ϲ݄࣌఺Ͱͷ෼ؒาߦڑ཭ͷϕʔεϥΠϯ͔ΒͷมԽྔ R .BVSFS
.4 ,BMF 1 'POUBOB . #FSL +- (SPHBO . (VTUBGTTPO ' )VOH 33 (PUUMJFC 3- %BNZ 5 (PO[ÂMF[%VBSUF " 4BSTXBU / 4FLJKJNB : 5BIBSB / 5BZMPS .4 ,VCBOFL . %POBM & 1BMFDFL 5 5TVKJUB , 5BOH 8)8 ʜ"10--0#5SJBM*OWFTUJHBUPST 1BUJTJSBO5SFBUNFOUJO1BUJFOUTXJUI5SBOTUIZSFUJO$BSEJBD "NZMPJEPTJT5IF/FX&OHMBOE+PVSOBMPG.FEJDJOF rɹͷ'JHVSFΑΓ ओཁධՁ߲໨ ΁ͷղੳ w ϲ݄࣌఺Ҏ֎ͷ࣌఺Ͱͷ܈ؒൺֱ w ϕʔεϥΠϯͱͷ܈಺ൺֱ w հೖ܈͸ϕʔεϥΠϯͱมԽ͕ͳ ͍͜ͱΛ͍ࣔͨ͠ʁ w ϓϥηϘ܈͸ϕʔεϥΠϯ͔Βม Խ͢Δ͜ͱΛ͍ࣔͨ͠ʁ

ྫɿΞ΢τΧϜͱෳ਺߲໨ͱͷؔ࿈ 9 ಛൃੑഏઢҡ঱ͷױऀ ٸੑ૿ѱ͋ΓʢOʣ ٸੑ૿ѱͳ͠ʢOʣ ධՁ߲໨ ,BLVHBXB 5 4BLBNPUP /
4BUP 4 :VSB ) )BSBEB 5 /BLBTIJNB 4 )BSB " 0EB , *TIJNPUP ) :BUFSB , *TIJNBUTV : 0CBTF : ,PIOP 4 .VLBF ) 3JTLGBDUPSTGPSBOBDVUF FYBDFSCBUJPOPGJEJPQBUIJDQVMNPOBSZpCSPTJT3FTQJSBUPSZ3FTFBSDI ͷ5BCMF w ٤Ԏྺ w طԟྺ w ഏػೳ w ࣏ྍํ๏ ٸੑ૿ѱͷൃੜʹ د༩͢Δม਺͸ʁ ͨ͘͞Μݕఆͯ͠༗ҙͳͱ͜ΖΛ୳͢ʁ

10 ͜ͷ໰୊΁ͷରॲ๏͸ʁ

ຊ೔ͷྲྀΕ 11 ݕఆͱ͸ʁɹ1஋ͱ͸ʁ w ݕఆͨ݁͠Ռɺʮ͕ࠩͳ͍ʯͱ͸ͳͥݴ͑ͳ͍ʁ w 1஋͕খ͍͞΄Ͳ͕ࠩେ͖͍ɺͱͳͥݴ͑ͳ͍ʁ w ౷ܭత༗ҙͰͳ͔ͬͨͱ͖͸ɺͲͷΑ͏ʹදݱ͢Ε͹ྑ͍ʁ w
ݕఆʹର͢Δ౷ܭՈͷؾ࣋ͪ͸ʁ w Կճ΋ݕఆΛ܁Γฦ͢ͷ͸Α͘ͳ͍ͱฉ͚͘Ͳɺͳͥʁ ଟॏੑͷ໰୊ w ଟॏੑͷௐ੔ํ๏ w #POGFSSPOJɺ)PMNɺ֊૚खॱɺήʔτΩʔϐϯά๏ w ୳ࡧతͱݕূతΛΘ͚Δ ࿦จهࡌྫ

12 ݕఆͱ͸ʁɹ1஋ͱ͸ʁ

ݕఆ͢ΔͱԿ͕Θ͔Δʁ 13 Կ͔ͱԿ͔ʹҧ͍͕͋Δ͔Ͳ͏͔ɺ͕Θ͔Δ ʜ Uݕఆ "܈ͱ#܈ͷฏۉ஋ʹҧ͍͕͋Δ͔ ରԠͷ͋ΔUݕఆ ϕʔεϥΠϯͱिؒޙͷσʔλʹҧ͍͕͋Δ͔ ΧΠೋ৐ݕఆ "܈ͱ#܈ͷׂ߹ʹҧ͍͕͋Δ͔
8JMDPYPOͷॱҐ࿨ݕఆ "܈ͱ#܈ͷσʔλͷ෼෍ͷҐஔʹҧ͍͕͋Δ͔ MPHSBOLݕఆ "܈ͱ#܈ͷશମతͳੜଘ֬཰ʹҧ͍͕͋Δ͔ ճؼ෼ੳˠճؼ܎਺ʹର͢Δݕఆ w ࢀর۠෼ͱൺֱͯ͠ɺ͋Δ۠෼ͷΞ΢τΧϜʹҧ͍͕͋Δ͔ w ୯ҐมԽʹҧ͍͕͋Δ͔

ͳͥݕఆ͸޷͔ΕΔͷ͔ʁ 14 wҙࢥܾఆָ͕ wओ؍తͰͳ͍ͱݴ͑Δ wγάφϧݕग़ָ͕ wฏۉ஋΍ׂ߹ΛҰͭҰͭશ෦ݟΔͷ͸େม wղऍָ͕ wࡶࢽɺࠪಡऀ͕޷͖ w఻౷ ʮҙຯ͕͋Δɺͳ͍ʯͱ͍͏Θ͔Γ΍͍͢൑அΛ
٬؍తʹ͍ͯ͠ΔΑ͏ʹݟ͑Δ͔Β

ݕఆͷछྨ͸ͨ͘͞Μ͋Δ͚Ͳ࢓૊Έʹڞ௨఺͸͋Δʁ 15 Uݕఆ ରԠͷ͋ΔUݕఆ ΧΠೋ৐ݕఆ 8JMDPYPOͷॱҐ࿨ݕఆ MPHSBOLݕఆ ճؼ෼ੳˠճؼ܎਺ʹର͢Δݕఆ ݕఆ౷ܭྔ 1஋
༗ҙਫ४ͱൺֱ ͜ΕΒ͕Θ͔Ε͹ɺ Ͳͷݕఆͷ࢓૊Έ΋ ʢͬ͘͟ΓʣΘ͔Δ

ݕఆͷྲྀΕʢΑ͋͘Δઆ໌ʣ 16 ݚڀԾઆʢྫɿ"܈ͱ#܈ͷΞ΢τΧϜൃੜׂ߹ʹ͕ࠩ͋Δʣ ؼແԾઆʢྫɿ"܈ͱ#܈ͷൃੜׂ߹ʹ͕ࠩͳ͍ʣ 1஋ 1஋͕༗ҙਫ४ະຬͳΒɺؼແԾઆΛغ٫ˠ"܈ͱ#܈ͷൃੜׂ߹ʹ͕ࠩ͋Δ σʔλ ௚઀తʹݚڀԾઆ͸ཱূͰ͖ͳ͍͔Βɺഎཧ๏Λ࢖͏

ݕఆͷྲྀΕʢਖ਼֬ʹʣ 17 ݚڀԾઆʢྫɿ"܈ͱ#܈ͷΞ΢τΧϜൃੜׂ߹ʹ͕ࠩ͋Δʣ ؼແԾઆʢྫɿ"܈ͱ#܈ͷൃੜׂ߹ʹ͕ࠩͳ͍ʣ ݕఆ౷ܭྔ 1஋ 1஋͕༗ҙਫ४ະຬͳΒɺؼແԾઆΛغ٫ˠ"܈ͱ#܈ͷൃੜׂ߹ʹ͕ࠩ͋Δ σʔλ ౷ܭϞσϧ Ծఆ
w ϥϯμϜԽɺϥϯμϜαϯϓϦϯά w ݚڀܭըͷ९क w ࠾༻ͨ͠౷ܭख๏͝ͱͷԾఆ ౷ܭख๏ʹΑΓɺൣғͷҟͳΔ஋͕ܭࢉ͞ΕΔ ʙͷൣғͷ֬཰ʹམͱ͠ࠐΉˠ౷Ұతʹѻ͑Δ ؼແԾઆΛؚΊͨ౷ܭϞσϧ͕͢΂ͯਖ਼͍͠ͳΒ͹ ݕఆ౷ܭྔͷ෼෍

ݕఆ౷ܭྔͱ1஋ 18 ݕఆ౷ܭྔ΋1஋΋ ؍ଌ͞Εͨσʔλͱಛఆͷ౷ܭϞσϧ͕ໃ६͢Δఔ౓ Λදͨ͠ࢦඪ ໃ६ͷఔ౓ খ େ ݕఆ౷ܭྔͷେ͖͞ খ
େ 1஋

ݕఆ౷ܭྔͷߏ੒ 19 ໃ६ͷఔ౓ খ େ ݕఆ౷ܭྔͷେ͖͞ খ େ w ҧ͍͕େ͖͍
w ҧ͍ͷ͹Β͖͕ͭখ͍͞ w αϯϓϧαΠζ͕େ͖͍ ݕఆ౷ܭྔ = γάφϧ ϊΠζ t = ¯ Y 1 − ¯ Y 0 s 1/n1 + 1/n0 t = ̂ β se( ̂ β) z2 = ( ̂ p 1 − ̂ p 0 )2 ̂ p1 (1 − ̂ p1 ) n1 + ̂ p0 (1 − ̂ p0 ) n0 ݕఆ౷ܭྔ େ

ҧ͍ͱαϯϓϧαΠζΛେ͖͘͢Δͱɺݕఆ౷ܭྔ͸େ͖͘ɺ1஋͸খ͘͞ͳΔ 20 ৽ༀ ϓϥηϘ R ओཁධՁ߲໨ɿϲ݄ޙͷ࣏༊ׂ߹ ৽ༀ ϓϥηϘ ҧ͍ ΧΠ
ೋ৐஋ 1஋ ࣏༊ શମ ৽ༀ ϓϥηϘ ҧ͍ ΧΠ ೋ৐஋ 1஋ ࣏༊ શମ ৽ༀ ϓϥηϘ ҧ͍ ΧΠ ೋ৐஋ 1஋ ࣏༊ શମ ৽ༀ ϓϥηϘ ҧ͍ ΧΠ ೋ৐஋ 1஋ ࣏༊ શମ αϯϓϧαΠζΛେ͖͘ αϯϓϧαΠζΛେ͖͘ ҧ͍Λେ͖͘ ҧ͍Λେ͖͘

1஋ͱ͸ 21 ಛఆͷ౷ܭϞσϧʢؼແԾઆΛؚΊʣͷ΋ͱɺ ؍ଌ͞ΕͨσʔλΛؚΊɺͦΕҎ্ۃ୺ͳσʔλ͕ಘΒΕΔ֬཰ ಛఆͷ౷ܭϞσϧͷ΋ͱɺ ಘΒΕΔͰ͋Ζ͏σʔλͷൣғ େ ؍ଌ͞Εͨσʔλ ಛఆͷ౷ܭϞσϧͷ΋ͱɺ ؍ଌσʔλ͕ಘΒΕΔ֬཰
த খ ໃ६ͷఔ౓ খ த େ ˞Πϝʔδ 1஋ େ த খ

ໃ६͍ͯ͠Δɺͱݴ͍੾ΕΔ͔ʁ 22 ৽ༀ ϓϥηϘ R ओཁධՁ߲໨ɿϲ݄ޙͷ࣏༊ׂ߹ ৽ༀ ϓϥηϘ ҧ͍ ΧΠ
ೋ৐஋ 1஋ ࣏༊ શମ ৽ༀ ϓϥηϘ ҧ͍ ΧΠ ೋ৐஋ 1஋ ࣏༊ શମ 1஋େ͖͍ ໃ६খ͍͞ 1஋খ͍͞ ໃ६େ͖͍ ؼແԾઆɿ৽ༀͱϓϥηϘͰɺϲ݄ޙͷ࣏༊ׂ߹͕ಉ͡ ࣏༊ׂ߹͕ҧ͏ɺͬͯݴ͍͖ΕΔʁ

༗ҙਫ४ɿໃ६͢Δͱݴ͍੾Δᮢ஋ 23 ৽ༀ ϓϥηϘ ҧ͍ ΧΠ ೋ৐஋ 1஋ ࣏༊
શମ ৽ༀ ϓϥηϘ ҧ͍ ΧΠ ೋ৐஋ 1஋ ࣏༊ શମ ؼແԾઆɿ৽ༀͱϓϥηϘͰɺϲ݄ޙͷ࣏༊ׂ߹͕ಉ͡ ʮಛఆͷ౷ܭϞσϧͷ΋ͱɺ؍ଌσʔλ͸ໃ६͢ΔʯͱܾΊΔᮢ஋ΛࣄલʹఆΊΔ ༗ҙਫ४ʢЋʣ׳शతʹ Պֶతͳࠜڌ͸શ͘ͳ͍ 1ˠ༗ҙਫ४Ҏ্ 1ˠ༗ҙਫ४ະຬ ౷ܭతʹ༗ҙʹɺ࣏༊ׂ߹͸ҧ͏ɺ͜ͱ͕ࣔ͞Εͨ ࣏༊ׂ߹͸ҧ͏ɺͱ͸ݴ͑ͳ͍ ໃ६͢Δ

24 ݕఆʹର͢Δٙ໰

2ݕఆͨ݁͠Ռɺʮ͕ࠩͳ͍ʯͱ͸ͳͥݴ͑ͳ͍ʁ 25 ݕఆ౷ܭྔ = γάφϧ ϊΠζ ౷ܭతʹ༗ҙͰͳ͔ͬͨ 1஋͕༗ҙਫ४Ҏ্ 1஋͕େ͖͍ɺݕఆ౷ܭྔ͕খ͍͞ খ͍͞ʁ
େ͖͍ʁ ݕఆ౷ܭྔ΍1஋Ͱ͸ɺγάφϧ͕খ͍͞ͷ͔ɺϊΠζ͕େ͖͍ͷ͔൑ผͰ͖ͳ͍ 1஋͕େ͖͍ͷ͸ɺγάφϧ͕খ͍͞ͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺϊΠζ͕େ͖͍͔Β͔΋͠Εͳ͍ ؼແԾઆ͕ਖ਼͍͠ʢ͕ࠩͳ͍ʣɺͱݴ͍੾Εͳ͍ ಛఆͷ౷ܭϞσϧʢؼແԾઆʣͱ؍ଌσʔλͱͷໃ६͕খ͍͞

21஋͕খ͍͞΄Ͳ͕ࠩେ͖͍ɺͱͳͥݴ͑ͳ͍ʁ 26 ݕఆ౷ܭྔ 1஋ ϑΟογϟʔྲྀݕఆʢ༗ҙੑݕఆʣ ωΠϚϯɾϐΞιϯྲྀݕఆʢ౷ܭతԾઆݕఆʣ ౷ܭϞσϧʢؼແԾઆʣ খ͚͞Ε͹খ͍͞΄Ͳɺ ͕ࠩ͋ΔՄೳੑ͸ߴ͍ ͕ࠩ͋ΔɺͱஅఆͰ͖ͳ͍
౷ܭϞσϧʢؼແԾઆʣ ݕఆ౷ܭྔ 1஋ ༗ҙਫ४ͱൺֱ 1஋͕ ༗ҙਫ४ະຬ ରཱԾઆ ؼແԾઆΛغ٫ɺରཱԾઆΛ࠾୒ σʔλ Ұൠతͳݕఆ͸ͪ͜Β ༗ҙਫ४Λ༻͍ͯɺ౷ܭత༗ҙੑʹݴٴ͢ΔҎ্ɺ1஋͕খ͍͞΄Ͳ͕ࠩେ͖͍ͱ͸ݴ͑ͳ͍ w 1஋͸༗ҙਫ४Ҏ্͔ະຬͷ ൑அʹ͔͠࢖Θͳ͍ w 1΋΋ಉ͡ w 1΋΋ಉ͡ σʔλ

2౷ܭత༗ҙͰͳ͔ͬͨͱ͖͸ɺͲͷΑ͏ʹදݱ͢Ε͹ྑ͍ʁ 27 w<3FTVMUT>"QSJNBSZF⒏DBDZPVUDPNFFWFOUPDDVSSFEJOQBUJFOUT QFSQBUJFOUZFBS JO UIFFEPYBCBOHSPVQBOEJOQBUJFOUT QFSQBUJFOUZFBS JOUIFQMBDFCPHSPVQ IB[BSE SBUJP
DPOpEFODFJOUFSWBM<$*> UP1 ,JSDIIPG 1 5PFOOJT 5 (PFUUF " $BNN "+ %JFOFS )$ #FDIFS / #FSUBHMJB & #MPNTUSPN-VOERWJTU $ #PSMJDI . #SBOEFT " $BCBOFMBT / $BMWFSU . $IMPVWFSBLJT ( %BO (" EF(SPPU +3 %JDIUM 8 ,SBWDIVL # -VCJ㶠TLJ " .BSJKPO & ʜ/0")"'/&5*OWFTUJHBUPST "OUJDPBHVMBUJPOXJUI&EPYBCBOJO1BUJFOUTXJUI"USJBM)JHI3BUF&QJTPEFT5IF/FX&OHMBOE+PVSOBMPG.FEJDJOF r ݁ՌΛ୶ʑͱهࡌ͢Δ w<$PODMVTJPO>"NPOHQBUJFOUTXJUI")3&TEFUFDUFECZJNQMBOUBCMFEFWJDFT BOUJDPBHVMBUJPOXJUI FEPYBCBOEJEOPUTJHOJpDBOUMZSFEVDFUIFJODJEFODFPGBDPNQPTJUFPGDBSEJPWBTDVMBSEFBUI TUSPLF PSTZTUFNJDFNCPMJTNBTDPNQBSFEXJUIQMBDFCP CVUJUMFEUPBIJHIFSJODJEFODFPGB DPNQPTJUFPGEFBUIPSNBKPSCMFFEJOH w ЋΤϥʔΛ੍ޚ͍ͯ͠ΔͳΒ͹ɺʮTJHOJpDBOUMZʯΛ࢖͑Δ w ͦ͏Ͱͳ͍ͳΒɺʮTJHOJpDBOUMZʯ͸࢖Θͳ͍

2౷ܭత༗ҙͰͳ͔ͬͨͱ͖͸ɺͲͷΑ͏ʹදݱ͢Ε͹ྑ͍ʁ 28 w<3FTVMUT>"UPUBMPGQBUJFOUTVOEFSXFOUSBOEPNJ[BUJPO"NPOHQBUJFOUTJOUIF NPEJpFEJOUFOUJPOUPUSFBUQPQVMBUJPO VOEFSHPJOHLOFFBSUISPQMBTUZ VOEFSHPJOHIJQ BSUISPQMBTUZ BOEVOEFSHPJOHTIPVMEFSBSUISPQMBTUZ TVSHJDBMTJUFJOGFDUJPOTPDDVSSFEJOPG QBUJFOUT
JOUIFWBODPNZDJOHSPVQBOEJOPGQBUJFOUT JOUIFQMBDFCP HSPVQ SFMBUJWFSJTL DPOpEFODFJOUFSWBM<$*> UP1 1FFM 5/ "TUCVSZ 4 $IFOH "$ 1BUFSTPO %- #VJTJOH ,- 4QFMNBO 5 5SBO%VZ " "EJF 4 #PZDF ( .D%PVHBMM $ .PMOBS 3 .VMGPSE + 3FIpTDI 1 4PMPNPO . $SBXGPSE 3 )BSSJT#SPXO 5 3POFZ + 8JTOJFXTLJ + EF4UFJHFS 3 "4"15SJBM(SPVQ 5SJBMPG7BODPNZDJOBOE $FGB[PMJOBT4VSHJDBM1SPQIZMBYJTJO"SUISPQMBTUZ5IF/FX&OHMBOE+PVSOBMPG.FEJDJOF r w<$PODMVTJPO>5IFBEEJUJPOPGWBODPNZDJOUPDFGB[PMJOQSPQIZMBYJTXBTOPUTVQFSJPSUPQMBDFCP GPSUIFQSFWFOUJPOPGTVSHJDBMTJUFJOGFDUJPOTJOBSUISPQMBTUZBNPOHQBUJFOUTXJUIPVULOPXO.34" DPMPOJ[BUJPO

2ݕఆʹର͢Δ౷ܭՈͷؾ࣋ͪ͸ʁ 29 w #FOKBNJO %+ #FSHFS +0 +PIBOOFTTPO .FUBM3FEFpOFTUBUJTUJDBMTJHOJpDBODF/BU)VN#FIBW r
IUUQTEPJPSHT[ w *PBOOJEJT+1"5IF1SPQPTBMUP-PXFS17BMVF5ISFTIPMETUP+"." rEPJKBNB w "NSIFJO7 (SFFOMBOE4 .D4IBOF#4DJFOUJTUTSJTFVQBHBJOTUTUBUJTUJDBMTJHOJpDBODF/BUVSF.BS r w 1஋͸ؼແԾઆ͕ਖ਼͍֬͠཰Ͱ͋Δ w ౷ܭతʹ༗ҙͳΒ͹ɺੜ෺ֶతʹ΋ҙຯ͕͋Δ w ݕఆ݁Ռ͕༗ҙͰͳ͍ͳΒ͹ɺؼແԾઆ͕ਖ਼͍͜͠ͱΛ ҙຯ͢ΔˠޮՌ͸ͳ͍ʢಉ౳ʣ 1஋ͷΑ͋͘Δޡղ w ݚڀͷ໨త͕1஋Λ༗ҙʹ͢Δ͜ͱʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ w αϯϓϧαΠζΛແࢹͯ͠1஋ͷܭࢉΛ͓͜ͳ͍ͬͯΔ w ޮՌʢؔ࿈ʣͷେ͖͞ʹ஫໨͢Δ͜ͱΛܰࢹ͍ͯ͠Δ w ༗ҙʹͳͬͨԾઆ΍ཁҼ͔͠ใࠂͤͣɺޙଓͷݚڀʹ͍͔ͤͳ͍ w 1ͱ1ͷࠩΛൺֱ͢Δҙٛ ৻ॏͳཧ༝ ݕఆͷ࢖༻ʹ͸৻ॏɺੵۃతʹ࢖༻Λ͢͢Ίͳ͍

ΞϝϦΧ౷ܭֶձ͔Βͷ੠໌ʢ"4"੠໌ʣ 30 1஋͸σʔλͱಛఆͷ౷ܭϞσϧʢ༁஫ɿԾઆ΋౷ܭϞσϧͷཁૉͷͻͱͭʣ͕ ໃ६͢Δఔ౓Λ͠Ί͢ࢦඪͷͻͱͭͰ͋Δ 1஋͸ɺௐ΂͍ͯΔԾઆ͕ਖ਼͍֬͠཰΍ɺσʔλ͕ۮવͷΈͰ͑ΒΕͨ֬཰ΛଌΔ΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍ Պֶతͳ݁࿦΍ɺϏδωεɺ੓ࡦʹ͓͚Δܾఆ͸ɺ1஋͕͋Δ஋ʢ༁஫ɿ༗ҙਫ४ʣΛ௒͔͑ͨͲ͏͔ʹͷΈ جͮ͘΂͖Ͱ͸ͳ͍
దਖ਼ͳਪଌͷͨΊʹ͸ɺ͢΂ͯΛใࠂ͢Δಁ໌ੑ͕ඞཁͰ͋Δ 1஋͸ɺͦΕ͚ͩͰ͸౷ܭϞσϧ΍Ծઆʹؔ͢ΔΤϏσϯεͷɺΑ͍ࢦඪͱ͸ͳΒͳ͍ ೔ຊܭྔੜ෺ֶձ͕຋༁ͨ͠ɺ"4"੠໌͔ΒҾ༻ 8BTTFSTUFJO3- -B[BS/"5IF"4"4UBUFNFOUPOQ7BMVFT$POUFYU 1SPDFTT BOE1VSQPTF"N4UBU"QS r

2Կճ΋ݕఆΛ܁Γฦ͢ͷ͸Α͘ͳ͍ͱฉ͚͘Ͳɺͳͥʁ 31 ЋΤϥʔͷ૿Ճ ਅ࣮ʢਆͷΈ஌Δʣ ͕ࠩͳ͍ ͕ࠩ͋Δ ݕఆ ༗ҙࠩͳ͠ ਖ਼͍͠ ِӄੑ
ЌΤϥʔ λΠϓΤϥʔ ༗ҙࠩ͋Γ ِཅੑ ЋΤϥʔ λΠϓΤϥʔ ਖ਼͍͠ ùü ü÷ þü ø÷÷ ÷ ùü ü÷ þü ø÷÷ ݕఆճ਺ ЋΤϥʔïìð w ݕఆʹ͸छྨͷΤϥʔ͕͋Δ w ճͷݕఆͰ͸ЋΤϥʔΛʢ׳शతʹʣ·Ͱڐ༰ w ݕఆΛ܁Γฦ͢ͱɺЋΤϥʔ͸૿Ճ͢Δ w ౷ܭϞσϧʢؼແԾઆؚΉʣ͕ਖ਼ͯ͘͠΋ɺ ճݕఆ͢Ε͹ɺͭͷݕఆʹ͸ޡΓ͕͋Δ ಘΒΕͨ݁Ռ͸ΤϥʔͰ͋Γɺ ҙຯ͕ͳ͍͔΋͠Εͳ͍ ຊ౰͸͕ࠩͳ͍ͷʹɺݕఆͰ͕ࠩ͋Δͱݕग़ͯ͠͠·͏Τϥʔ ଟॏੑͷ໰୊

ଟॏੑͷ໰୊͕ى͜Γ΍͍͢ͱ͜Ζ 32 w Ξ΢τΧϜ͕ෳ਺ w Ξ΢τΧϜͱͷؔ࿈ΛධՁ͍߲ͨ͠໨͕ෳ਺ w ൺֱ͍ͨ͠܈͕ͭҎ্ w ଌఆ࣌఺͕ෳ਺
w ݕఆํ๏͕ෳ਺ w αϒάϧʔϓղੳ

1IBDLJOH 33 w ༗ҙʹͳͬͨ݁ՌΛબ୒తʹใࠂ͢Δ͜ͱ w ղੳର৅Λগͣͭ͠଍͠ͳ͕ΒݕఆΛ͓͜ͳ͍ɺ ༗ҙʹ͍ͨ͠ཁҼ͕༗ҙʹͳͬͨ࣌఺ͰݕఆΛࢭΊΔ w ͞·͟·ͳཁҼΛ༻͍ͯݕఆΛ͓͜ͳ͍ɺ༗ҙʹͳͬͨ૊Έ͋ΘͤͷΈΛ ใࠂ͢Δ
w ༗ҙͳ݁Ռ͕ग़ͳ͚Ε͹ɺใࠂ͠ͳ͍

34 ݕఆΛͨ͘͞Μ͢Δͷ͸ ໰୊ͩͱΘ͔ͬͨ

35 Ͱ͸ɺͲ͏͢Ε͹ྑ͍ͷʁ

w ౷ܭతʹ੍ޚ w ߟ͑ํͰ੍ޚ 36

37 ౷ܭతʹ੍ޚ

ଟॏੑௐ੔๏ͱ͸ 38 ݕఆΛෳ਺ճ͓͜ͳ͏৔߹ɺճճͷݕఆ͸༗ҙਫ४Ͱ͓͜ͳ͍ͬͯͯ΋ɺ શମͱͯ͠ͷЋΤϥʔ͸ΑΓେ͖͘ͳͬͯ͠·͏ ଟॏੑௐ੔๏ʢNVMUJQMFBEKVTUNFOUQSPDFEVSFʣ ʮશମͱͯ͠ͷ༗ҙਫ४ʯΛ͋Β͔͡Ίએݴ͓͍ͯͨ͠஋ʢ׳शతʹ͸ʣʹ ੍ޚͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹɺճճͷݕఆʹ͓͚Δ༗ҙਫ४ɾ1஋ɾݕఆॱংΛௐ੔͢Δํ๏

ଟॏੑௐ੔๏ͷ֓ཁ 39 ख๏ Ծઆͷॱং ϝϦοτ σϝϦοτ #POGFSSPOJ๏ ͳ͠ ద༻͕؆୯ ЋΤϥʔͷ੍ޚ͕ݫ͗͢͠Δ
)PMN๏ ͳ͠ #POGFSSPOJ๏ΑΓݕग़ྗ͕޲্͢Δ ЋΤϥʔͷ੍ޚ͕ݫ͍͠ ֊૚खॱ ͋Γ w ద༻͕؆୯ w ༏ઌॱҐ͕ߴ͍Ծઆʹରͯ͠ݕग़͠΍͍͢ ͢΂ͯͷԾઆʹॱং͕ඞཁ ήʔτΩʔϐϯά๏ ͳ͋͠Γ )PMN๏ͱ֊૚खॱΛ૊Έ߹Θ͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ ˞΋ͬͱ͍Ζ͍Ζ͋Γ·͢ ˞෼ࢄ෼ੳܥʢ5VLFZ౳ʣ͸ؚΊ͍ͯ·ͤΜ

#POGFSSPOJͷํ๏ 40 ᶃ ؔ৺ͷ͋ΔൺֱΛܾΊͯɺݕఆճ਺ʢLʣΛ਺͑Δ ᶄ ༗ҙਫ४Λݕఆճ਺ͰׂΔʢЋLʣ ᶅ ֤1஋ʹରͯ͠ɺ#POGFSSPOJͷ༗ҙਫ४ʢЋLʣະຬͰ͋Ε͹ɺ౷ܭతʹ༗ҙͱ͢Δ ੺ͷΈ஫໨ˠ ྘ͷΈ஫໨ˠ
ͲͷΑ͏ͳൺֱ΍ݕఆʹ΋ ؆୯ʹద༻Ͱ͖Δ ௐ੔ͨ͠༗ҙਫ४͸ݫ͗͢͠Δ Ξ΢τΧϜ ରর ༀࡎ" ༀࡎ# )POEB: 5BOBLB/ ,BKJXBSB: ,POEP: ,BUBPLB) 4BLBNPUP+ FUBM&⒎FDUPGCFMUFMFDUSPEFTLFMFUBMNVTDMFFMFDUSJDBMTUJNVMBUJPOPOJNNPCJMJ[BUJPOJOEVDFE NVTDMFpCSPTJT1-P40OF.BZ Fɹͷ'JHVSFΛվม

Uݕఆͱ#POGFSSPOJͷํ๏ͷൺֱ 41 Uݕఆ #POGFSSPOJͷํ๏ ݕఆ ༗ҙਫ४ 1஋ ༗ҙਫ४ 1஋
ݕఆᶃ ݕఆᶄ ݕఆᶅ ݕఆᶆ ݕఆᶇ

)PMNͷํ๏ 42 Uݕఆ ݕఆ 1஋ ݕఆᶃ ݕఆᶄ ݕఆᶅ
ݕఆᶆ ݕఆᶇ Uݕఆ ݕఆ 1஋ ݕఆᶇ ݕఆᶆ ݕఆᶅ ݕఆᶃ ݕఆᶄ )PMNͷํ๏ ݕఆ ༗ҙਫ४ 1஋ ݕఆᶇ ݕఆᶆ ݕఆᶅ ݕఆᶃ ݕఆᶄ σʔλʹج͍ͮͯݕఆͷॱংΛܾΊɺЋΤϥʔΛ੍ޚ͢Δ 1஋Λখ͍͞ॱʹ ฒͼସ͑Δ 1஋Λখ͍͞ݕఆ͔Β ༗ҙਫ४Λ࢒Γͷݕఆ਺Ͱௐ੔͢Δ ༗ҙʹͳΒͳ͔ͬͨΒ ͦ͜Ͱ൑ఆΛࢭΊΔ

Uݕఆͱ#POGFSSPOJ๏ͱ)PMN๏ͷൺֱ 43 Uݕఆ #POGFSSPOJͷํ๏ )PMNͷํ๏ ݕఆ ༗ҙਫ४ 1஋ ༗ҙਫ४
1஋ ༗ҙਫ४ 1஋ ݕఆᶃ ݕఆᶄ ݕఆᶅ ݕఆᶆ ݕఆᶇ

֊૚खॱɿԾઆʹࣄલʹॱ൪Λ͚ͭΔ 44 ֊૚खॱʢ)JFSBSDIJDBMQSPDFEVSFʣ ओཁධՁ߲໨ ෭࣍ධՁ߲໨" ෭࣍ධՁ߲໨# ༗ҙͳΒ ༗ҙͳΒ ༗ҙͰ ͳ͚Ε͹
༗ҙͰ ͳ͚Ε͹ ݕఆऴྃ ݻఆॱংखॱʢ'JYFETFRVFODFQSPDFEVSFʣ Ծઆʹରͯ͠ࣄલʹॱংΛఆΊɺ ༗ҙʹͳΕ͹ԼҐͷݕఆʹਐΉ ༀࡎWTϓϥηϘ ඓͮ·Γ ඓਫ ͘͠ΌΈ ༗ҙͰ ͳ͚Ε͹ ༗ҙͰ ͳ͚Ε͹ ݕఆऴྃ ༀࡎWTϓϥηϘ ༗ҙͳΒ ༗ҙͳΒ 8FFL 8FFL 8FFL ༗ҙͰ ͳ͚Ε͹ ༗ҙͰ ͳ͚Ε͹ ݕఆऴྃ ༀࡎWTϓϥηϘ ༗ҙͳΒ ༗ҙͳΒ

)PMN๏ͱ֊૚खॱͷൺֱ 45 ֊૚खॱ ඓͮ·Γ ඓਫ ͘͠ΌΈ )PMN๏ ॏཁ౓ɿඓͮ·Γඓਫ͘͠ΌΈ ॏཁ౓ɿͭͱ΋ಉ͡ ඓͮ·Γ
ඓਫ ͘͠ΌΈ ਿ୩རจ ৿઒හ඙ ֊૚ߏ଄Խ͞Εͨࢼݧ໨తΛ൐͏ྟচࢼݧͰͷଟॏൺֱ๏ܭྔੜ෺ֶ rɹਤΛվม ඓͮ·Γ ඓਫ ͘͠ΌΈ ༏ઌॱҐ͕ͳ͍Ծઆͱɺ༏ઌॱҐ͕͋ΔԾઆΛ૊Έ߹ΘͤΒΕͳ͍ʁ

ϑΝϛϦʔʢ'BNJMZʣ 46 ݕఆର৅ͱͳΔؼແԾઆ଒ ͲͷϑΝϛϦʢؼແԾઆ଒ʣʹରͯ͠ ЋΤϥʔΛ੍ޚ͢Δ͔ʁ w ࣗ਎ͷؔ৺ͰܾΊͯΑ͍ w ࣄલʹఆΊΔ Ξ΢τΧϜ
ରর ༀࡎ" ༀࡎ# )POEB: 5BOBLB/ ,BKJXBSB: ,POEP: ,BUBPLB) 4BLBNPUP+ FUBM&⒎FDUPG CFMUFMFDUSPEFTLFMFUBMNVTDMFFMFDUSJDBMTUJNVMBUJPOPOJNNPCJMJ[BUJPOJOEVDFE NVTDMFpCSPTJT1-P40OF.BZ Fɹͷ'JHVSFΛվม XFFLͷ w ରরWTༀࡎ" w ରরWTༀࡎ# XFFLͷ w ରরWTༀࡎ" w ରরWTༀࡎ#

ήʔτΩʔϐϯά๏ʢ(BUFLFFQJOHQSPDFEVSFʣ 47 ඓͮ·Γ ඓਫ ͘͠ΌΈ ͲͪΒ΋༗ҙͳΒ ͍ͣΕ͔͕ ༗ҙͰ ͳ͚Ε͹
ݕఆऴྃ )PMN๏౳ Ћ Ћ ϑΝϛϦʔ ௚ྻήʔτΩʔϐϯά 4FSJBMHBUFLFFQJOHQSPDFEVSF ඓͮ·Γ ඓਫ ͍ͣΕ͔ͲͪΒ΋ ༗ҙͳΒ ͲͪΒ΋ ༗ҙͰ ͳ͚Ε͹ ݕఆऴྃ #POGFSSPOJ Ћ ͍ͣΕ͔͕༗ҙͳΒ ͲͪΒ΋༗ҙͳΒ ϑΝϛϦʔ ฒྻήʔτΩʔϐϯά 4FSJBMHBUFLFFQJOHQSPDFEVSF $PQSJNBSZFOEQPJOU Ћ Ћ ͘͠ΌΈ

௚ྻήʔτΩʔϐϯά๏Λద༻ 48 BOE XFFLͷରর܈ͱͷൺֱʢ)PMNʣ XFFLͷରর܈ͱͷൺֱʢ)PMNʣ XFFLͷༀࡎؒͷൺֱ ରরWTༀࡎ" ରরWTༀࡎ# ͲͪΒ΋༗ҙͳΒ͹ BOE
ରরWTༀࡎ" ରরWTༀࡎ# ͍ͣΕ͔͕ ༗ҙͰͳ͚Ε͹ ༀࡎ"WTༀࡎ# XFFLͷༀࡎؒͷൺֱ ༀࡎ"WTༀࡎ# ͲͪΒ΋༗ҙͳΒ͹ ༗ҙͳΒ͹ ͍ͣΕ͔͕ ༗ҙͰͳ͚Ε͹ ༗ҙͰͳ͚Ε͹ ݕఆऴྃ

࿦จهࡌɿЋΤϥʔͷ੍ޚ 49 w1SJNBSZBOETFDPOEBSZPVUDPNFTXFSFBOBMZ[FEBDDPSEJOHUPBpYFEIJFSBSDIJDBMUFTUJOH QSPDFEVSF JOUIFPSEFSQSPWJEFEBCPWF GPSDPOUSPMPGUIFPWFSBMMUZQF*FSSPSBU w ओཁධՁ߲໨ͱ෭࣍ධՁ߲໨͸ɺલड़ͨ͠ॱ൪ʹجͮ͘ɺ֊૚खॱͰղੳ͠ɺશମͷλΠϓΤϥʔΛʹ੍ޚͨ͠ɻ w5IFQSJNBSZPVUDPNFXBTUIFpSTUPVUDPNFBOBMZ[FEJOUIFIJFSBSDIJDBMBOBMZTJT w
ओཁධՁ߲໨͸ɺ֊૚खॱͷҰ൪໨ʹղੳ͞ΕͨΞ΢τΧϜͰ͋ͬͨɻ w*GUIFCFUXFFOHSPVQEJ⒎FSFODFJOUIFQSJNBSZPVUDPNFXBTOPUTJHOJpDBOU UIFEJ⒎FSFODFGPSBMM TVCTFRVFOUPVUDPNFTXBTDPOTJEFSFEUPCFOPUTJHOJpDBOU w ओཁධՁ߲໨ͷ܈͕ؒࠩ౷ܭతʹ༗ҙͰͳ͔ͬͨ৔߹ɺͦΕʹଓ͘Ξ΢τΧϜ͸༗ҙͰͳ͍ͱΈͳ͢ɻ #BUFNBO 3+ 4NJUI + %POPIVF .$ %FMNBS 1 "CCBT 3 4BMMPXBZ 4 8PKUPXJD[ + #MFOOPX , #JUUOFS 5 #MBDL 4& ,MFJO ( #PBEB . (SJNNFS 5 5BNBPLB " 1FSSZ 3+ 5VSOFS 34 8BUTPO % 8PPEXBSE . 5IBOBTPQPVMPV " ʜ(3"%6"5&*BOE***OWFTUJHBUPSTBOEUIF(BOUFOFSVNBC4UVEZ (SPVQ 5XP1IBTF5SJBMTPG(BOUFOFSVNBCJO&BSMZ"M[IFJNFS`T%JTFBTF5IF/FX&OHMBOE+PVSOBMPG.FEJDJOF r

࿦จهࡌɿЋΤϥʔͷ੍ޚ 50 w5PDPOUSPMUIFPWFSBMMUZQF*FSSPSSBUF UIFQSJNBSZBOETFDPOEBSZFOEQPJOUTXFSFUFTUFEJOB QSFTQFDJpFEIJFSBSDIJDBMPSEFS w શମͷλΠϓΤϥʔΛ੍ޚ͢ΔͨΊʹɺओཁͱ෭࣍ΤϯυϙΠϯτ͸ࣄલʹઃఆͨ͠֊૚ॱংʹج͍ͮͯݕఆͨ͠ɻ w5IFTUBUJTUJDBMBOBMZTJTQMBO BWBJMBCMFXJUIUIFQSPUPDPM JODMVEFTBEEJUJPOBMEFUBJMTPOUIFQSJNBSZ
BOETFOTJUJWJUZBOBMZTFTGPSUIFF⒏DBDZFOEQPJOUT UIFIJFSBSDIJDBMUFTUJOHQSPDFEVSF UIFBOBMZTFTGPS FYQMPSBUPSZFOEQPJOUT BOEUIFIBOEMJOHPGNJTTJOHEBUB w ղੳܭըॻ͸ɺ༗ޮੑධՁ߲໨ʹର͢Δओղੳ͓Αͼײ౓ղੳɺ֊૚खॱɺ୳ࡧతͳධՁ߲໨ɺܽଌσʔλͷॲཧํ๏ͷৄࡉΛه ࡌͨ͠ɻ w5IFSFQPSUFEDPOpEFODFJOUFSWBMTIBWFOPUCFFOBEKVTUFEGPSNVMUJQMJDJUZBOENBZOPUCFVTFEJO QMBDFPGIZQPUIFTJTUFTUJOH w ใࠂ͞Εͨ৴པ۠ؒ͸ଟॏੑͷௐ੔͸͓ͯ͠ΒͣɺԾઆݕఆͷ୅ΘΓʹ࢖͏͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ɻ .BVSFS .4 ,BMF 1 'POUBOB . #FSL +- (SPHBO . (VTUBGTTPO ' )VOH 33 (PUUMJFC 3- %BNZ 5 (PO[ÂMF[%VBSUF " 4BSTXBU / 4FLJKJNB : 5BIBSB / 5BZMPS .4 ,VCBOFL . %POBM & 1BMFDFL 5 5TVKJUB , 5BOH 8)8 ʜ"10--0#5SJBM*OWFTUJHBUPST 1BUJTJSBO5SFBUNFOUJO 1BUJFOUTXJUI5SBOTUIZSFUJO$BSEJBD"NZMPJEPTJT5IF/FX&OHMBOE+PVSOBMPG.FEJDJOF r

࿦จهࡌɿЋΤϥʔͷ੍ޚ 51 w5PDPOUSPMUIFUZQF*FSSPSBUGPSUIFUXPQSJNBSZBOEpWFLFZTFDPOEBSZFOEQPJOUT XFUFTUFEUIF FOEQPJOUTJOBQSFTQFDJpFEIJFSBSDIJDBMPSEFS MJTUFEJOUIF4VQQMFNFOUBSZ"QQFOEJY BUB TJHOJpDBODFMFWFM w ͭͷओཁΤϯυϙΠϯτͱͭͷΩʔ෭࣍ΤϯυϙΠϯτΛ੍ޚ͢ΔͨΊʹɺ༗ҙਫ४ͰࣄલʹఆΊͨ֊૚తͳॱংʹै͍ݕ
ఆΛͨ͠ɻ w,FZTFDPOEBSZFOEQPJOUTXFSFUPCFUFTUFEJGCPUIQSJNBSZFOEQPJOUTXFSFTIPXOUPCFTJHOJpDBOUBU BMFWFMJOUIFPSEFSMJTUFEJOUIFQSPUPDPM TUPQQJOHXIFOBOPOTJHOJpDBOUSFTVMU 1 XBTGPVOE w Ωʔ෭࣍ΤϯυϙΠϯτ͸ɺओཁΤϯυϙΠϯτͷ྆ํ͕༗ҙਫ४Ͱ༗ҙͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕ࣔ͞Εͨ৔߹ʹɺϓϩτίϧʹهࡌ͠ ͨॱংͰݕఆ͞ΕΔɻ༗ҙͰͳ͍݁Ռ͕ಘΒΕͨ࣌఺Ͱݕఆ͸ͱΊΔɻ w"MMSFQPSUFE1WBMVFTXFSFUXPTJEFE BOEDPOpEFODFJOUFSWBMTBSFQSFTFOUFEBTUXPTJEFE DPOpEFODFJOUFSWBMT w ͢΂ͯͷใࠂ͞Εͨ1஋͸྆ଆͰ͋Γɺ৴པ۠ؒ͸྆ଆͰࣔͨ͠ɻ w'PSPUIFSTFDPOEBSZFOEQPJOUT SFTVMUTBSFSFQPSUFEXJUIPVU1WBMVFTUIFDPOpEFODFJOUFSWBMT UIBUXFSFSFQPSUFEGPSUIPTFPVUDPNFTXFSFOPUBEKVTUFEGPSNVMUJQMFUFTUJOHBOETIPVMEOPUCF VTFEUPJOGFSUSFBUNFOUF⒎FDUT w ଞͷ෭࣍ΤϯυϙΠϯτͷ݁Ռ͸1஋Λ࢖Θͣใࠂ͠ɺใࠂ͞Εͨ͜ΕΒͷ৴པ۠ؒ͸ଟॏੑͷௐ੔͸͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ͨΊɺ࣏ྍ ޮՌͷਪఆʹ͸࢖͏΂͖Ͱ͸ͳ͍ɻ ,XBUSB 4( :PTJQPWJUDI ( -FHBU '+ 3FJDI " 1BVM $ 4JNPO % /BMEJ - -ZOEF $ %F#SVJO8FMMFS .4 /BIN 8, 4BVEFS . (IBSJC 3 #BSCBSPU 4 4[FQJFUPXTLJ +$ $POSBE $ 'MFJTDIFS " -BRVFS 75 .JTFSZ - 4FSSB#BMESJDI & ʜ0-:.1*"*OWFTUJHBUPST 1IBTF5SJBMPG/FNPMJ[VNBCJO1BUJFOUT XJUI1SVSJHP/PEVMBSJT5IF/FX&OHMBOE+PVSOBMPG.FEJDJOF r

52 ߟ͑ํͰ੍ޚ

ʮ౷ܭతʹ༗ҙͰ͋Δ͜ͱʯͱʮੜ෺ֶతʹ༗ҙͰ͋Δ͜ͱʯ͸ҧ͏ 53 ʰ1஋͸ɺͦΕ͚ͩͰ͸౷ܭϞσϧ΍Ծઆʹؔ͢ΔΤϏσϯεͷɺΑ͍ࢦඪͱ͸ͳΒͳ͍ʱ w "ͱ͍͏ༀࡎ͕ഏ͕ΜʹΑΔࢮ๢Λ༗ҙʹ௿Լͤͨ͞ w ͔͠͠ɺϓϥηϘͱൺֱ͢Δͱࢮ๢཰Λ௿Լͤ͞Δ͚ͩͩͬͨ ͜Ε͸ੜ෺ֶతʹҙຯ͕͋Δͷ͔ʁ w ͲΜͳʹ͕ࠩখͯ͘͞΋ɺ
αϯϓϧαΠζ͕େ͖͚Ε͹΄΅࣮֬ʹ1஋͸༗ҙʹͳΔ w ࠩͷେ͖͕͞ಉ͡Ͱ΋ɺαϯϓϧαΠζʹΑͬͯҟͳΔ1஋ͱͳΔ "4"੠໌

ݕఆ͔Βਪఆ΁ 54 w ޮՌྔʢฏۉ஋ͷࠩɺϦεΫࠩɺϦεΫൺɺΦοζ ൺʣΛඞͣهࡌ͢Δ w 1஋͚ͩͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ৴པ۠ؒ΋هࡌ͢Δ ϓϥηϘͱൺֱͨ͠ͱ͖ɺༀࡎ"౤༩܈Ͱ͸ɺ ݂ѹͷ༗ҙͳ্ঢΛೝΊͨʢ1ʣ ϓϥηϘͱൺֱͨ͠ͱ͖ɺༀࡎ"౤༩܈Ͱ͸ɺ
݂ѹͷ্ঢΛೝΊͨ ʢฏۉ஋ͷࠩ NN)H ৴པ۠ؒ UP1ʣ ฼ฏۉʢਅ஋ʣ ඪຊฏۉ 4& 4& ¯ x 4& 4& ¯ x ৴པ۠ؒ ఺ਪఆ஋ͷਫ਼౓ ඪ४ޡࠩʢ4&ʣ͸ ඪຊฏۉͷඪ४ภࠩ ͹Β͖ͭ

ݚڀɾԾઆͷҐஔ͚ͮΛ໌֬ʹ͢Δ 55 ܭըͨ͠Ծઆ σʔλ ݁Ռ ղੳ ใࠂ Ծઆݕূܕ Ծઆ ݁Ռ
ղੳ ใࠂ Ծઆ ݁Ռ ղੳ σʔλ Ծઆ Ծઆ Ծઆ୳ࡧʢੜ੒ʣܕ wݕূతݚڀ w໌֬ʹݕূ͍ͨ͠Ծઆ͕͋Δ wࣄલʹԾઆΛ࿅Γ্͛Δ wࣄલʹղੳํ๏΋ܾΊΔ wଟॏੑͷௐ੔ํ๏΋ࣄલʹݕ౼͢Δ w୳ࡧతݚڀ w୳ࡧܕͱ࿦จʹ΋هࡌ͢Δ wଟॏੑͷௐ੔Λ͠ͳ͍ͱ໌ه wࣄޙతͳԾઆ΋ڐ༰ wࣄޙతͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛ໌ه͢Δ

࿦จهࡌɿଟॏௐ੔๏Λ࢖Θͳ͍͜ͱͱɺͦͷղऍ 56 w.PEFMTXFSFOPUBEKVTUFEGPSNVMUJQMFDPNQBSJTPOTBOEXFSFUIVTFYQMPSBUPSZ w Ϟσϧ͸ଟॏൺֱͷͨΊͷௐ੔Λ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɺ͕ͨͬͯ͠Ϟσϧ͸୳ࡧతͰ͋Δ ,BSUFS"+ 1BSLFS.. .P⒎FU)) (JMMJBN-, %MPUU3"TTPDJBUJPOPG3FBMUJNF$POUJOVPVT(MVDPTF.POJUPSJOH8JUI(MZDFNJD$POUSPMBOE"DVUF.FUBCPMJD
&WFOUT"NPOH1BUJFOUT8JUI*OTVMJO5SFBUFE%JBCFUFT+"."+VO r w"MUIPVHIUIFUZQF*FSSPSSBUFGPSUIFQSJNBSZBOBMZTJTXBTXFMMDPOUSPMMFE XFEJEOPUDPSSFDUGPS NVMUJQMFDPNQBSJTPOTGPSUIFBHFTVCHSPVQBOBMZTFT w ओղੳͷͨΊͷλΠϓΤϥʔ͸͔ͬ͠Γͱ੍ޚ͕ͨ͠ɺ೥ྸͷαϒάϧʔϓղੳʹ͸ଟॏൺֱͷͨΊͷௐ੔͸͓͜ͳΘͳ͔ͬͨ $IBNCFSMBJO+. ,BQVS+ 4IJOOBS4 &MN+ )PMTUJ. #BCDPDL- FUBM&⒏DBDZPGMFWFUJSBDFUBN GPTQIFOZUPJO BOEWBMQSPBUFGPSFTUBCMJTIFETUBUVT FQJMFQUJDVTCZBHFHSPVQ &4&55 BEPVCMFCMJOE SFTQPOTJWFBEBQUJWF SBOEPNJTFEDPOUSPMMFEUSJBM-BODFU"QS r w#FDBVTFUIJTXBTBOFYQMPSBUPSZUSJBM OPDPOpSNBUPSZUFTUJOHPSBEKVTUNFOUGPSNVMUJQMJDJUZ XBTQMBOOFE5IFSFGPSF XFEPOPUSFQPSUBOZ1WBMVFTCVUPOMZQPJOUFTUJNBUFTUPHFUIFSXJUI DSFEJCMFJOUFSWBMTPSDPOpEFODFJOUFSWBMT EFQFOEJOHPOUIFBOBMZTJT w ͜ͷࢼݧ͸୳ࡧతͰ͋ΔͷͰɺݕূతͳݕఆ΍ଟॏੑͷௐ੔͸ܭը͠ͳ͔ͬͨɻ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɺ͢΂ͯͷ1஋͸ใࠂͤͣɺ఺ਪఆ ஋ͱ৴༻۠ؒɾ৴པ۠ؒʢղੳํ๏ʹΑΔʣͷΈΛใࠂ͢Δɻ 3JDIFMEJ- "[VNB" $PUUJO7 )FTTMJOHFS$ 4UPXBTTFS4 7BMFO[VFMB$ FUBM5SJBMPGB1SFGFSFOUJBM1IPTQIPEJFTUFSBTF#*OIJCJUPSGPS*EJPQBUIJD 1VMNPOBSZ'JCSPTJT/&OHM+.FE+VO r

࿦จهࡌɿଟॏௐ੔๏Λ࢖Θͳ͍͜ͱͱɺͦͷղऍ 57 WBOEFS)FJKEFO .4 4POQBWEF ( 1PXMFT 5 /FDDIJ "
#VSPUUP . 4DIFOLFS . 4BEF +1 #BNJBT " #FV[FCPD 1 #FELF + 0MEFOCVSH + $IBUUB ( ¾SÛO : :F % )F ; 7BMEFSSBNB #1 ,V +) 5PNJUB : 'JMJBO + ʜ$IFDL.BUF5SJBM*OWFTUJHBUPST /JWPMVNBCQMVT(FNDJUBCJOF $JTQMBUJOJO"EWBODFE6SPUIFMJBM$BSDJOPNB5IF/FX&OHMBOE+PVSOBMPG.FEJDJOF r w5IFSFXBTOPQSFTQFDJpFEBQQSPBDIGPSNVMUJQMJDJUZDPSSFDUJPOFYDFQUGPSUIFEVBMDPNQBSJTPOT PGQSJNBSZPVUDPNFT5IFSFGPSF PUIFSSFQPSUFEDPOpEFODFJOUFSWBMTXFSFOPUBEKVTUFEGPS NVMUJQMJDJUZBOEUIVTTIPVMECFJOUFSQSFUFEXJUIDBVUJPO w ओཁධՁ߲໨ͷͭͷൺֱΛআ͍ͯɺଟॏੑͷௐ੔ํ๏͸͋Β͔͡ΊܾΊ͍ͯͳ͔ͬͨɻ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɺใࠂ͞Εͨଞͷ৴པ۠ؒ ͸ଟॏੑͷௐ੔͸͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ͨΊɺղऍʹ͸஫ҙ͕ඞཁͰ͋Δɻ

2ଟॏੑͷௐ੔͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ͱݕఆͯ͠͸ͩΊͳͷʁ 58 w ݕఆͯ͠΋ྑ͍͕ɺʮ୳ࡧతͳҙຯ͔͠ͳ͍ʯʮ֬ఆతͳҙຯ͸ͳ͍ʯͱඞͣࣔ͢ w ॻ͖खଆ΋ಡΈखଆ΋ɺγάφϧΛݕग़͢Δࢀߟ஋ͱͯ͠ଊ͑Δ w ͦ΋ͦ΋ݕఆ͕ඞཁ͔ߟ͑Δ ,BLVHBXB 5
4BLBNPUP / 4BUP 4 :VSB ) )BSBEB 5 /BLBTIJNB 4 )BSB " 0EB , *TIJNPUP ) :BUFSB , *TIJNBUTV : 0CBTF : ,PIOP 4 .VLBF ) 3JTLGBDUPSTGPSBOBDVUFFYBDFSCBUJPOPG JEJPQBUIJDQVMNPOBSZpCSPTJT3FTQJSBUPSZ3FTFBSDI ͷ5BCMF :BOH: -J9 $IFO( FUBM5SBEJUJPOBM$IJOFTF.FEJDJOF$PNQPVOE 5POHYJOMVP BOE$MJOJDBM0VUDPNFTPG 1BUJFOUT8JUI"DVUF.ZPDBSEJBM*OGBSDUJPO5IF$54".*3BOEPNJ[FE$MJOJDBM5SJBM+"." r EPJKBNBͷ'JHVSF

ʢࢲݟʣࠓޙͷݕఆΛͱΓ·͘ྲྀΕ 59 w গͣͭ͠ɺΉ΍Έ΍ͨΒͳݕఆΛ͢ΔʢٻΊΒΕΔʣ͜ͱ͸ݮΔͱࢥ͏ w ʮ౷ܭతʹ༗ҙʯɺʮTJHOJpDBOUMZʯΛ࢖͏͜ͱ΋ݶఆ͞ΕΔͱࢥ͏ ಡΉଆʹɺղऍ͕ΏͩͶΒΕΔ ࿦จʹॻ͍͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͕ಡΈऔΕͳ͍ͱ w ݕূతʹධՁͯ͠ͳ͍ͷʹɺʮޮՌ͋ΓʯͬͯࢥͬͨΓ
w ࠓޙͷݚڀʹͭͳ͕ΔγάφϧΛऔΓ͜΅͢

ຊ೔ͷྲྀΕ 60 ݕఆͱ͸ʁɹ1஋ͱ͸ʁ w ݕఆͨ݁͠Ռɺʮ͕ࠩͳ͍ʯͱ͸ͳͥݴ͑ͳ͍ʁ w 1஋͕খ͍͞΄Ͳ͕ࠩେ͖͍ɺͱͳͥݴ͑ͳ͍ʁ w ౷ܭత༗ҙͰͳ͔ͬͨͱ͖͸ɺͲͷΑ͏ʹදݱ͢Ε͹ྑ͍ʁ w
ݕఆʹର͢Δ౷ܭՈͷؾ࣋ͪ͸ʁ w Կճ΋ݕఆΛ܁Γฦ͢ͷ͸Α͘ͳ͍ͱฉ͚͘Ͳɺͳͥʁ ଟॏੑͷ໰୊ w ଟॏੑͷௐ੔ํ๏ w #POGFSSPOJɺ)PMNɺ֊૚खॱɺήʔτΩʔϐϯά๏ w ୳ࡧతͱݕূతΛΘ͚Δ ࿦จهࡌྫ

ࢀߟจݙ౳ 61 w ࠤ౻ढ़࠸Ӊ஦ոਓ͠·Γ͢ҩྍ౷ܭΛֶͿݕఆͷרؠ೾ΦϯσϚϯυϒοΫεʢढ़࠸ઌੜͷ :PV5VCF΋͓͢͢Ίʂʣ w ༄઒ᴲ1஋ͦͷਖ਼͍͠ཧղͱద༻ۙ୅Պֶࣾ w ࡔרݦଠ࿠ ࣰ࡚ஐେੜ෺౷ܭֶͷಓඪݚڀσβΠϯ͔Β࿦จใࠂ·ͰΛΑΓਂ͘ཧղ͢ΔͨΊͷߨްੜ
࿑ಇ౷ܭڠձ w ୮ޙढ़࿠ দҪໜ೭ྟচࢼݧͷࣄయே૔ॻళ w Ӭా༃ 㖊ాಓ߂౷ܭతଟॏൺֱ๏ͷجૅαΠΤϯςΟετࣾ w िץҩֶͷ͋ΏΈWPM /Pݱ୅ͷྟচݚڀͷͨΊͷ౷ܭֶҩࣃༀग़൛גࣜձࣾ w ܦࡁηϛφʔ/Pಛूܦࡁֶͱ࠶ݱੑ໰୊೔ຊධ࿦ࣾ w ೔ຊܭྔੜ෺ֶձɽ೥౓ܭྔੜ෺ηϛφʔɽרಛผ߸ɽ w ೔ຊ੡ༀ޻ۀڠձҩༀ඼ධՁҕһձσʔλαΠΤϯε෦ձ೥౓λεΫϑΥʔεଟॏੑௐ੔νʔϜྟ চࢼݧʹ͓͚Δଟॏੑͷॾ໰୊ͷݱঢ়ͱࠓޙͷ՝୊ʹ͍ͭͯʔඇ౷ܭՈ޲͚ղઆॻʔ೥݄7FS

ʰݱ୅Ӹֶʱൃച 3

仮説検定とP値

仮説検定とP値

More Decks by Shuntaro Sato

Other Decks in Research

Featured

Transcript