コマンドラインツールについて語るときに僕の語ること #yapcasia

http://yapcasia.org/2014/talk/show/b49cc53a-027b-11e4-9357-07b16aeab6a4

1. What I Talk about When I Talk about CLI Tool ίϚϯυϥΠϯπʔϧʹ͍ͭͯޠΔͱ͖ʹ๻ͷޠΔ͜ͱ https://www.flickr.com/photos/36247316@N00/3108399560
2. I’m Taichi Nakashima @deeeet tcnksm https://www.flickr.com/photos/flcherb/7781533580
3. https://www.flickr.com/photos/flcherb/7781533580
4. https://www.flickr.com/photos/flcherb/7781533580
5. https://www.flickr.com/photos/flcherb/7781533580
6. What I Talk about When I Talk about CLI Tool ίϚϯυϥΠϯπʔϧʹ͍ͭͯޠΔͱ͖ʹ๻ͷޠΔ͜ͱ https://www.flickr.com/photos/36247316@N00/3108399560
7. ຊൃදʹ͸ݸਓతͳࢥ૝ؚ͕·Ε͍ͯ·͢ Warning https://www.flickr.com/photos/flcherb/7781533580
8. ຊൃදʹ͸Perlͷ࿩ؚ͕·Ε͍ͯ·ͤΜ Warning ͨͩɼ͋ΒΏΔݴޠͰ࣮ݱՄೳͳ࿩Λ͠·͢ https://www.flickr.com/photos/flcherb/7781533580
9. Background https://www.flickr.com/photos/flcherb/7781533580
10. https://www.flickr.com/photos/flcherb/7781533580 ੈͷதʹ͸
    ྑ͍$-*πʔϧͱ
    ͦ͏Ͱͳ͍πʔϧ͕͋Δ
11. https://www.flickr.com/photos/flcherb/7781533580 ͦͷࠩ͸୯७ͳ͜ͱΛ
    ࣮ફ͢Δ͜ͱͰॖΊΔ
    ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ ౰ͨΓલա͗ͯ͋·ΓޠΒΕͳ͍
12. https://www.flickr.com/photos/flcherb/7781533580 ࣗ෼͸ԿΛ࣮ફ͍ͯ͠Δ͔ʁ
13. طʹ࡞͍ͬͯΔͻͱ https://www.flickr.com/photos/flcherb/7781533580 ࡞ͬͨ͜ͱͳ͍ͻͱ → ݟ௚͠ͷػձʹ → ͙͢ʹΤσΟλΛ։͚ΔΑ͏ʹ
14. lྑ͍z$-*πʔϧͱ͸ʁ ͍͔ʹlྑ͍z$-*πʔϧΛ࡞Γ࢝ΊΔ͔ʁ What is “Good” CLI tool ? How to start to create “Good” CLI tool ? https://www.flickr.com/photos/36247316@N00/3108399560
15. lྑ͍z$-*πʔϧͱ͸ʁ ͍͔ʹlྑ͍z$-* What is “Good” CLI tool ? How to start to create “Good” CLI tool ? https://www.flickr.com/photos/36247316@N00/3108399560
16. #1 ͭͷ͜ͱʹूத͍ͯ͠Δ ௚ײతʹ࢖͑Δ ଞͷπʔϧͱ࿈ܞͰ͖Δ ར༻Λॿ͚ͯ͘ΕΔ ద੾ͳσϑΥϧτ஋Λ࣋ͪઃఆ΋Ͱ͖Δ ۤ௧ͳ͘ΠϯετʔϧͰ͖Δ ͙͢ʹվमͰ͖Δ #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 https://www.flickr.com/photos/36247316@N00/3108399560
17. Good CLI Tool #1 Keep It Simple, Stupid ! ͭͷ͜ͱʹूத͍ͯ͠Δ https://www.flickr.com/photos/110382334@N05/11302995614
18. https://www.flickr.com/photos/110382334@N05/11302995614
19. খ͍͞΋ͷ͸ඒ͍͠ 4NBMM
    JT
    CFBVUJGVM ͭͷϓϩάϥϜʹ͸
    ͭͷ͜ͱΛ͏·͘΍ΒͤΔ .BLF
    FBDI
    QSPHSBN
    EP
    POF
    UIJOH
    XFMM https://www.flickr.com/photos/110382334@N05/11302995614
20. https://www.flickr.com/photos/110382334@N05/11302995614 ̎ͭҎ্ͷ͜ͱΛ΍Ζ͏ͱ
    ͢Δ͚ͩͰෳࡶ౓͸૿͢ ཧղͰ͖ͳ͍ɾशಘͰ͖ͳ͍ ϝϯςφϯεͰ͖ͳ͍
21. Good CLI Tool #2 Intuitive UI/UX ௚ײతʹ࢖͑Δ https://www.flickr.com/photos/hindrik/5568789280
22. $-*πʔϧʹ΋6*69 $-*πʔϧͷྺ࢙͸௕͍
    
    ׳श͕ଘࡏ͢Δ https://www.flickr.com/photos/hindrik/5568789280
23. Command Pattern https://www.flickr.com/photos/hindrik/5568789280
24. > grep —i -C 4 "some string" /tmp https://www.flickr.com/photos/hindrik/5568789280
25. > grep —i -C 4 "some string" /tmp &YFDVUBCMF https://www.flickr.com/photos/hindrik/5568789280
26. > grep —i -C 4 "some string" /tmp &YFDVUBCMF 0QUJPOT https://www.flickr.com/photos/hindrik/5568789280
27. > grep —i -C 4 "some string" /tmp &YFDVUBCMF 0QUJPOT "SHVNFOUT https://www.flickr.com/photos/hindrik/5568789280
28. > git --no-pager push -v origin master https://www.flickr.com/photos/hindrik/5568789280
29. > git --no-pager push -v origin master &YFDVUBCMF https://www.flickr.com/photos/hindrik/5568789280
30. > git --no-pager push -v origin master &YFDVUBCMF $PNNBOE https://www.flickr.com/photos/hindrik/5568789280
31. > git --no-pager push -v origin master &YFDVUBCMF (MPCBM
    0QUJPOT $PNNBOE https://www.flickr.com/photos/hindrik/5568789280
32. > git --no-pager push -v origin master &YFDVUBCMF (MPCBM
    0QUJPOT $PNNBOE $PNNBOE
    
    0QUJPOT https://www.flickr.com/photos/hindrik/5568789280
33. > git --no-pager push -v origin master &YFDVUBCMF (MPCBM
    0QUJPOT $PNNBOE $PNNBOE
    
    0QUJPOT "SHVNFOUT https://www.flickr.com/photos/hindrik/5568789280
34. Option Pattern https://www.flickr.com/photos/hindrik/5568789280
35. > grep —i -C 4 "some string" /tmp https://www.flickr.com/photos/hindrik/5568789280
36. > grep —i -C 4 "some string" /tmp 4XJUDI Ҿ਺Λ൐Θͳ͍ https://www.flickr.com/photos/hindrik/5568789280
37. > grep —i -C 4 "some string" /tmp 4XJUDI Ҿ਺Λ൐Θͳ͍ 'MBH Ҿ਺Λ൐͏ https://www.flickr.com/photos/hindrik/5568789280
38. > grep —i > grep --ignore-case https://www.flickr.com/photos/hindrik/5568789280
39. > grep —i > grep --ignore-case 4IPSU ߴ଎ʹ࢖͏ͨΊʹ https://www.flickr.com/photos/hindrik/5568789280
40. > grep —i > grep --ignore-case 4IPSU -POH ߴ଎ʹ࢖͏ͨΊʹ ՄಡੑΛߴΊΔ https://www.flickr.com/photos/hindrik/5568789280
41. (/6
    ඪ४ΠϯλʔϑΣʔε cf. https://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/html_node/ Command_002dLine-Interfaces.html https://www.flickr.com/photos/hindrik/5568789280
42. https://www.flickr.com/photos/hindrik/5568789280 My Interface design
43. https://www.flickr.com/photos/hindrik/5568789280 ࠷΋΍Γ͍ͨ͜ͱΛ࠷΋؆୯ʹ Φϓγϣϯ͕ඞཁͳΒShortΦϓγϣϯΛ४උ͢Δ σϑΥϧτͰഁյతૢ࡞Λ͠ͳ͍ ର࿩ΠϯλʔϑΣʔεΛආ͚Δ LongΦϓγϣϯΛ४උ͢Δ e.g., —force ࣗಈԽͷ๦͛ʹͳΔ
44. Good CLI Tool #3 Play well with others ଞͷπʔϧͱ࿈ܞͰ͖Δ https://www.flickr.com/photos/alexsk/3251194325
45. $-*πʔϧ͸ଞͷεΫϦϓτ
    ͔Βݺͼग़͞ΕΔ 4IFMMTDSJQU΍$SPO
    $IFG
    %PDLFSpMF https://www.flickr.com/photos/alexsk/3251194325
46. Exit Code https://www.flickr.com/photos/alexsk/3251194325
47. exit 0 exit 1 nonzero ੒ޭ ࣦഊ https://www.flickr.com/photos/alexsk/3251194325
48. Output Stream https://www.flickr.com/photos/alexsk/3251194325
49. stdout stderr Τϥʔϝοηʔδ ϑΝΠϧʹॻ͖ग़͍ͨ͠ ύΠϓͰ౉͍ͨ͠ https://www.flickr.com/photos/alexsk/3251194325 ඪ४Τϥʔ ඪ४
50. Good CLI Tool #4 Documentation ར༻Λॿ͚ͯ͘ΕΔ https://www.flickr.com/photos/jjpacres/3293117576
51. υΩϡϝϯτ΍6TBHF͕
    ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍πʔϧͳͲ
    ୭΋࢖͍ͨ͘ͳ͍ ར༻౓ʹ߹ΘͤͨυΩϡϝϯτΛ४උ͢Δ https://www.flickr.com/photos/jjpacres/3293117576
52. Document Pattern https://www.flickr.com/photos/jjpacres/3293117576
53. ར༻ස౓ https://www.flickr.com/photos/jjpacres/3293117576
54. ར༻ස౓ 3&"%.&NE ࢖͏͔൱͔Λ൑அ͢Δ https://www.flickr.com/photos/jjpacres/3293117576
55. ར༻ස౓ 3&"%.&NE 6TBHF ࢖͏͔൱͔Λ൑அ͢Δ πʔϧΛಈ͔ͨ͢Ίʹ ࠷௿ݶ஌Δ΂͖ ࢖͍ํΛཧղ͢Δ IFMQI https://www.flickr.com/photos/jjpacres/3293117576
56. ར༻ස౓ 3&"%.&NE 6TBHF .BO ࢖͏͔൱͔Λ൑அ͢Δ πʔϧΛಈ͔ͨ͢Ίʹ ࠷௿ݶ஌Δ΂͖ ࢖͍ํΛཧղ͢Δ ෳࡶͳྫ΍ ΑΓॊೈʹ࢖͏ͨΊ ͷΦϓγϣϯΛൃݟ͢Δ IFMQI https://www.flickr.com/photos/jjpacres/3293117576
57. Good CLI Tool #5 Configurable ద੾ͳσϑΥϧτ஋Λ࣋ͪ
    ઃఆ΋Ͱ͖Δ https://www.flickr.com/photos/dwilkin/12153072866
58. ϢʔβʹແବͳೖྗΛ
    ͤ͞ͳ͍ https://www.flickr.com/photos/dwilkin/12153072866
59. ϢʔβʹແବͳೖྗΛ
    ͤ͞ͳ͍ ͕
    ޷͖ʹઃఆ΋Ͱ͖Δ https://www.flickr.com/photos/dwilkin/12153072866 શһΛຬ଍ͤ͞Δ͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍
60. Configuration Pattern https://www.flickr.com/photos/dwilkin/12153072866
61. ༏ઌ౓ https://www.flickr.com/photos/dwilkin/12153072866
62. ༏ઌ౓ σϑΥϧτ஋ https://www.flickr.com/photos/dwilkin/12153072866
63. ༏ઌ౓ σϑΥϧτ஋ ઃఆϑΝΠϧ ਓ͕ؒಡΊΔ΋ͷ(json/YAML/DSL/HCL) https://www.flickr.com/photos/dwilkin/12153072866
64. ༏ઌ౓ σϑΥϧτ஋ ઃఆϑΝΠϧ ؀ڥม਺ ਓ͕ؒಡΊΔ΋ͷ(json/YAML/DSL/HCL) https://www.flickr.com/photos/dwilkin/12153072866
65. ༏ઌ౓ σϑΥϧτ஋ ઃఆϑΝΠϧ ؀ڥม਺ ΦϓγϣϯҾ਺ ਓ͕ؒಡΊΔ΋ͷ(json/YAML/DSL/HCL) https://www.flickr.com/photos/dwilkin/12153072866
66. Good CLI Tool #6 Painless Installation ۤ௧ͳ͘ΠϯετʔϧͰ͖Δ https://www.flickr.com/photos/midorisyu/752223850
67. ର৅Ϣʔβʹ߹ͬͨ
    Πϯετʔϧํ๏ .BDϢʔβʹ͸ʁ
    1FSMϢʔβʹ͸ʁ https://www.flickr.com/photos/midorisyu/752223850
68. 1 Command Install https://www.flickr.com/photos/midorisyu/752223850
69. > brew install > apt-get install > yum install > cpan > gem install > pip install https://www.flickr.com/photos/midorisyu/752223850
70. Good CLI Tool #7 maintainable ͙͢ʹվमͰ͖Δ https://www.flickr.com/photos/damski/7045068945
71. Τϥʔ͸ඞͣىΔ
    ى͖ͨͱ͖ʹԿ͕ىͬͯΔ͔
    ৄࡉ͕֬ೝͰ͖Δ ιʔεΛݟͣʹԿ͕ىͬͯΔ͔Θ͔Δ
    ιʔεͷͲ͜Λ௚ͤ͹Α͍͔Θ͔Δ https://www.flickr.com/photos/damski/7045068945
72. DEBUG Option https://www.flickr.com/photos/damski/7045068945
73. > tool --debug Φϓγϣϯ https://www.flickr.com/photos/damski/7045068945
74. > tool --debug > export DEBUG=1 > tool Φϓγϣϯ ؀ڥม਺ ։ൃऀ޲͚ https://www.flickr.com/photos/damski/7045068945
75. #1 ͭͷ͜ͱʹूத͍ͯ͠Δ ௚ײతʹ࢖͑Δ ଞͷπʔϧͱ࿈ܞͰ͖Δ ར༻Λॿ͚ͯ͘ΕΔ ద੾ͳσϑΥϧτ஋Λ࣋ͪઃఆ΋Ͱ͖Δ ۤ௧ͳ͘ΠϯετʔϧͰ͖Δ ͙͢ʹվमͰ͖Δ #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 https://www.flickr.com/photos/36247316@N00/3108399560
76. lྑ͍z$-* ͍͔ʹlྑ͍z$-*πʔϧΛ࡞Γ࢝ΊΔ͔ʁ What How to start to create “Good” CLI tool ? https://www.flickr.com/photos/36247316@N00/3108399560
77. #1 ͲΜͳπʔϧΛ࡞Δ͔ߟ͑Δ ݴޠΛબͿ 3&"%.&NEΛॻ͘ #2 #3 https://www.flickr.com/photos/36247316@N00/3108399560 ߴ଎ʹϓϩτλΠϓΛͭ͘Δ
    %&.0 #4
78. How to start #1 Chance ͲΜͳπʔϧΛ࡞Δ͔ߟ͑Δ https://www.flickr.com/photos/cleopold73/3677296594
79. $-*πʔϧͷ
    ॳظিಈ ෳࡶͳ࡞ۀΛࣗಈԽ͍ͨ͠
    ͋ΔλεΫͷੜ࢈ੑΛߴΊ͍ͨ
    "1*ͷ$-*ΫϥΠΞϯτཉ͍͠
    ʜ https://www.flickr.com/photos/cleopold73/3677296594
80. ͍͖ͳΓෳࡶͳ͜ͱΛ͠ͳ͍
    ! ͭͷ͜ͱʹूத͢Δ Good CLI Tool #1 https://www.flickr.com/photos/cleopold73/3677296594
81. ໰୊ͷҰ෦Λղܾ͢Δ͚ͩͰΑ͍
    ! ଞͷπʔϧͱ࿈ܞͰ͖Δ
    Α͏ʹ͢Δ Good CLI Tool #3 https://www.flickr.com/photos/cleopold73/3677296594
82. How to start #2 Programming language ݴޠΛબͿ https://www.flickr.com/photos/8153468@N04/2668229310
83. ݴޠબ୒͸
    πʔϧͷ഑෍ํ๏ʹ௚݁͢Δ
    ! ۤ௧ͳ͘Πϯετʔϧ
    ͯ͠΋Β͏͜ͱΛߟ͑Δ Good CLI Tool #6 https://www.flickr.com/photos/8153468@N04/2668229310
84. (P ͋ΒΏΔϓϥοτϑΥʔϜ ͷϢʔβΛର৅ʹ 1FSM Perl mongerΛର৅ʹ SVCZ rubyistΛର৅ʹ https://www.flickr.com/photos/8153468@N04/2668229310 ˠ
    όΠφϦμ΢ϯϩʔυͰ ˠ
    HFNͰ ˠ
    DQBOͰ
85. How to start #3 README Driven Development 3&"%.&NEΛॻ͘ https://www.flickr.com/photos/alessiorr/14144160337
86. README Driven Development https://www.flickr.com/photos/alessiorr/14144160337
87. ίʔυΛॻ͘લʹ
    3&"%.&NEΛॻ͘ ໊લΛߟ͑Δɼ
    $-*πʔϧ͕ԿΛ͢Δ΋ͷͳͷ͔Λߟ͑Δɼ
    $-*πʔϧͷΠϯλʔϑΣʔε ࢖͍ํ Λߟ͑Δ https://www.flickr.com/photos/alessiorr/14144160337
88. ࣗ෼͕ԿΛ࡞Γ͍ͨͷ͔
    ੔ཧ্ͨ͠Ͱ࡞Γ࢝ΊΒΕΔ https://www.flickr.com/photos/alessiorr/14144160337
90. Ϣʔβࢹ఺ͰσβΠϯͰ͖Δ https://www.flickr.com/photos/alessiorr/14144160337
91. ൪ςϯγϣϯ͕ߴ͍ͱ͖ʹ
    υΩϡϝϯτ͕ॻ͚Δ ࡞ΓऴΘͬͨޙʹυΩϡϝϯτΛ੔උ͢Δ
    ͷ͸͠ΜͲ͍ʜ https://www.flickr.com/photos/alessiorr/14144160337
92. NAME ==== ! ## Description ! ## Usage ! ## VS. https://www.flickr.com/photos/alessiorr/14144160337
93. ස౓͕ߴ͍ͳΒͰ͖Δ͚ͩ ୹໊͍લΛ෇͚Δ ස౓͕௿͍ͳΒ આ໌తͳ໊લΛ෇͚Δ = ίϚϯυ໊ NAME ==== ! ## Description ! ## Usage ! ## VS. ໊લ https://www.flickr.com/photos/alessiorr/14144160337
94. ͜Ε͸ͲΜͳπʔϧͳͷ͔ʁ ͭͷ͜ͱʹूத͍ͯ͠Δ Good CLI Tool #1 = ୹͘؆ܿͳઆ໌͕ॻ͚Δ NAME ==== ! ## Description ! ## Usage ! ## VS. આ໌ https://www.flickr.com/photos/alessiorr/14144160337
95. ΠϯλʔϑΣʔεͷఆٛ ௚ײతʹ࢖͑Δ Good CLI Tool #2 Ϣʔβͷࢹ఺Ͱ ࠷΋΍Β͍ͤͨ͜ͱΛ ࠷΋؆୯ʹͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ NAME ==== ! ## Description ! ## Usage ! ## VS. ࢖͍ํ https://www.flickr.com/photos/alessiorr/14144160337
96. ൺֱ ଞͷπʔϧͱͷൺֱ NAME ==== ! ## Description ! ## Usage ! ## VS. ࣅͨΑ͏ͳπʔϧ͸ଘࡏ͢Δ શ͘ಉ͡΋ͷΛ࡞ͬͯ΋ ҙຯͳ͍ ࣅͨπʔϧͱൺ΂ͯ! Կ͕༏Ε͍ͯΔͷ͔Λߟ͑Δ! → πʔϧͷಛ௃ʹͳΔ https://www.flickr.com/photos/alessiorr/14144160337
97. όοδ όοδͷ४උ = CI as a Service ͷઃఆ = ͸͡Ί͔Βςετ؀ڥΛ! ४උ͢Δ ςετ݁ՌΛϢʔβʹ ݟͤଓ͚Δ͜ͱͰ ςετΛॻ͘Ϟνϕʔγϣϯ Λอͪଓ͚Δ NAME ==== ! ## Description ! ## Usage ! ## VS. https://www.flickr.com/photos/alessiorr/14144160337
98. https://www.flickr.com/photos/sergiu_bacioiu/4664215911 How to start #4 ߴ଎ʹϓϩτλΠϓΛ࡞Δ Build a prototype as soon as possible
99. https://www.flickr.com/photos/sergiu_bacioiu/4664215911
100. https://www.flickr.com/photos/sergiu_bacioiu/4664215911
101. LIVE https://www.flickr.com/photos/sergiu_bacioiu/4664215911
102. (PݴޠΛ࢖ͬͯ
     $-*πʔϧΛ࡞੒ɼ
     ΫϩείϯύΠϧͯ͠
     (JUIVCʹϦϦʔεʂ https://www.flickr.com/photos/sergiu_bacioiu/4664215911
103. (PݴޠΛ࢖ͬͯ
     $-*πʔϧΛ࡞੒ɼ
     ΫϩείϯύΠϧͯ͠
     (JUIVCʹϦϦʔεʂ https://www.flickr.com/photos/sergiu_bacioiu/4664215911 tcnksm/cli-init mitchellh/gox tcnksm/ghr codegansta/cli
104. #1 ͭͷ͜ͱʹूத͍ͯ͠Δ ௚ײతʹ࢖͑Δ ଞͷπʔϧͱ࿈ܞͰ͖Δ ར༻Λॿ͚ͯ͘ΕΔ ద੾ͳσϑΥϧτ஋Λ࣋ͪઃఆ΋Ͱ͖Δ ۤ௧ͳ͘ΠϯετʔϧͰ͖Δ ͙͢ʹվमͰ͖Δ #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 https://www.flickr.com/photos/36247316@N00/3108399560
105. #1 ͲΜͳπʔϧΛ࡞Δ͔ߟ͑Δ ݴޠΛબͿ 3&"%.&NEΛॻ͘ #2 #3 https://www.flickr.com/photos/36247316@N00/3108399560 ߴ଎ʹϓϩτλΠϓΛͭ͘Δ
     %&.0 #4