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FactoryBot the Right Way
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toshimaru
October 03, 2020
Technology
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FactoryBot the Right Way
Kaigi on Rails (
https://kaigionrails.org
)の登壇資料です。
toshimaru
October 03, 2020
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Transcript
FactoryBot The Right Way 2020.10.3 Kaigi on Rails
Self Introduction • GitHub: @toshimaru • Twitter: @toshimaru_e • Software
Engineer at MedPeer Inc. • ࠷ۙͷٕज़తؔ৺ • Vue.js, TypeScript, Ruby3ͷܕγεςϜ
࠾༻ใ https://medpeer.co.jp/recruit/ ։ൃϒϩά https://tech.medpeer.co.jp/ 8FSF)JSJOH
FactoryBot The Right Way ࠓςετσʔλੜϥΠϒϥϦɺfactory_bot ͷਖ਼͍͍͠ํ ʢRight Wayʣʹ͍͓ͭͯ͠·͢ɻ
Why? • ͜Ε·Ͱʮਖ਼͍͠RailsΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷॻ͖ํʯʮਖ਼͍͠RSpec ςετͷॻ͖ํʯଟ͘հ͞Ε͖ͯͨɻ • Ұํɺʮਖ਼͍͠ςετσʔλͷ࡞Γํʯ͋·Γٞ͞Εͯ͜ͳ͔ͬ ͨΑ͏ʹࢥ͑Δɻ
Rails ඪ४తςετߏ ϥΠϒϥϦ ςετର 5FTUJOH'SBNFXPSL 34QFD NJOJUFTU 3BJMT"QQMJDBUJPO .PEFM
$POUSPMMFS 7JFX 'JYUVSF 'BDUPSZ#PU 3BJMT'JYUVSFT .PEFM0CKFDU %BUBCBTF
Why Fixture Matters • ςετͷલఏͱͳΔঢ়ଶΛ࡞Γग़͢ͷ͕ Fixture • લఏ݅Λؒҧ͑ɺͦͷޙͷςετഁ͢Δ • Fixture
Ͱਖ਼͍͠લఏঢ়ଶΛ࡞Γग़͢͜ͱ͕ॏཁ • ςετຖʹԿ܁Γฦ͠ݺΕΔ • ඇޮͳσʔλੜΛ͍ͯͨ͠߹ɺςετΛͤ͘͞ΔཁҼʹ
͢͜ͱ 1. FactoryBot: The Right Way / The Good Way
• Right Way: ެࣜυΩϡϝϯτ͔ΒͷൈਮɾҾ༻ • Good Way: Right Way ͔Βநग़ͨ͠άουϓϥΫςΟε 2. FactoryBot: The Wrong Way (Bad Way) • FactoryBotͷޡ͍ͬͨํɾྑ͘ͳ͍͍ํ
ൃදͷߏ ✅ The Right Way The Good Way The Wrong
Way Կ͕μϝʁ/Ͳ͏͢Δʁ
ϕϯνϚʔΫʹ͍ͭͯ • ϕϯνϚʔΫڥ • factory_bot v6.1.0 / Ruby v2.7 •
Database sqlite3 Λ༻ (In-Memory DB, File DB ͷ2ͭΛݕূ) • GitHub Actions ্ͰϕϯνΛΒͤΔ • benchmark-ips Ͱൺֱ • Repository: toshimaru/factory-bot-the-right-way
✅ The Right Way factory_bot gemಋೖ Rails ͷ߹:
✅ The Right Way factory_bot methodಋೖ Ϋϥε໊Λলུͯ͠FactoryੜϝιουΛݺͼग़͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ:
✅ The Right Way Factoryఆٛ
The Wrong Way ڊେσϑΥϧτσʔλ
The Wrong Way ڊେσϑΥϧτσʔλ: Կ͕μϝʁ • ຊʹͦͷσʔλɺશ෦ඞཁͰ͔͢ʁ • ͦΕΛར༻͢ΔશͯͷςετέʔεͰ࠷খݶͷલఏঢ়ଶͷੜʹͳͬ ͍ͯΔ͔ʁ
• ແବͳσʔλੜʹͳ͍ͬͯͳ͍͔ʁ • ແବͳσʔλੜ • ؒҧͬͨલఏঢ়ଶΛ࡞Γग़͍ͯ͠Δ • ύϑΥʔϚϯεѱԽ
The Wrong Way ڊେσϑΥϧτσʔλ: Ͳ͏͢Δʁ • ࠷খݶͷσʔληοτఆٛΛσϑΥϧτFactoryͱͯ͠ఆٛ͠·͠ΐ ͏ʢref. Defining factories
> Best practicesʣ
✅ The Right Way Factory ϑΝΠϧஔ • Լهύεʹఆٛ͞ΕͨFactoryϑΝΠϧࣗಈతʹϩʔυ͞ΕΔ • test/factories.rb
• spec/factories.rb • test/factories"/*.rb • spec/factories"/*.rb
The Good Way Factory ϑΝΠϧஔ
✅ The Right Way Factory ੜ
The Wrong Way ແବcreate • build ͰࡁΉͱ͜ΖΛͳΜͰ͔ΜͰ create Λ࣮ͬͯϨίʔυΛ ੜͯ͠͠·͏͜ͱ
The Wrong Way ແବcreate: Կ͕μϝʁ • Ϣχοτςετͷඞཁ࠷ݶͳલఏ݅ʹͳ͍ͬͯͳ͍ • DBʹσʔλ͕ create
͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱඞཁ݅Ͱͳ͍ • όϦσʔγϣϯͷςετͷ߹ɺvalid/invalidͳRubyΦϒδΣΫτͷঢ়ଶ ͑͞࡞͍ͬͯΕΑ͍ • SQL͕ΔɺύϑΥʔϚϯεѱԽ • ςετ୯ମͰʹͳΔ͜ͱ͕ͳ͍͕ɺνϦπϞͰςετΛͤ͘͞Δ ཁҼʹͳΔ
The Wrong Way ແବcreate: Կ͕μϝʁ • create, build ͦΕͧΕΛͬͨ߹ͷSQLൺֱɿ
The Wrong Way ແବcreate: Ͳ͏͢Δʁ • buildΛ͍·͠ΐ͏
The Wrong Way ແବcreate: ϕϯνϚʔΫ • In-Memory DB • File
DB
The Good Way build_stubbed ׆༻ • Լهͷ߹ͷςετ • ʮcreated_at
build ͡Όੜ͞Εͳ͍ͧ ʯ
The Good Way build_stubbed ׆༻ • build_stubbed Λ׆༻͢Εɺελϒ͞Εͨid, timestampͱͱʹΦ ϒδΣΫτ͕ੜ͞ΕΔ
✅ The Right Way Trait (1)
✅ The Right Way Trait (2)
The Wrong Way Too Many Traits • ྫ֎తͳɺڥքͳͲΛtrait ͰΕͳ͘શ෦ఆٛ͠Α͏ͱ͢ Δ͜ͱ
The Wrong Way Too Many Traits: Կ͕μϝʁ • traitఆٛ രൃ
• Fat Model ͳΒ͵ Fat Factory ͷग़དྷ্͕Γ • Fat Factory • ຊʹඞཁͳ trait ͕ݟ͚ͭʹ͘͘ͳΔ • ͳΜͰ͔ΜͰશͯͷύλʔϯΛ trait ʹدͤͯॻ͖ͨ͘ͳͬͪΌ ͏පؾ͕ൃ͢Δ
The Wrong Way Too Many Traits: Ͳ͏͢Δʁ • ͍ճͤΔ൚༻తͳৼΔ͍ͷΈΛ trait
ʹఆٛ͢Δ • ྫ֎తͳݸผͷςετʹدͤΔ • ྫ: ϞσϧͷόϦσʔγϣϯςετ
The Wrong Way DRY͡Όͳ͍traits • DRY (Don't repeat yourself) Ͱͳ͍
traitɺॏෳͨ͠ trait ͕ଟ͘ఆٛ͞Ε͍ͯ Δঢ়ଶͷ͜ͱ
The Wrong Way DRY͡Όͳ͍traits: Կ͕μϝʁ • traitఆٛ Έ߹Θͤരൃ • Fat
Model ͳΒ͵ Fat Factory ͷग़དྷ্͕Γʢref. Too Many Traitsʣ
The Wrong Way DRY͡Όͳ͍traits: Ͳ͏͢Δʁ • ಈ࡞͢ΔσϑΥϧτͷঢ়ଶΛ Factory ͱͯ͠γϯϓϧʹఆٛ͠ɺͦΕ ʹಛघͳঢ়ଶΛఆٛ͢ΔtraitΛॏͶ͍ͯ͘
The Wrong Way DRY͡Όͳ͍traits: Ͳ͏͢Δʁ •আ͞Ε͍ͯΔAdminϢʔβʔ࡞ ߏஙύλʔϯɿ
✅ The Right Way sequence • sequence Λ͏͜ͱͰσʔλʹγʔέϯγϟϧͳφϯόϦϯά͕Մ ೳʹ
The Wrong Way ಠࣗsequence id • DBͰ࠾൪͞ΕΔidΛಠࣗͷidͰΦʔόʔϥΠυͯ͠͠·͏͜ͱ
The Wrong Way ಠࣗsequence id: Կ͕μϝʁ • Ϩίʔυ࡞ͤͣͱid࠾൪͕ߦΘΕΔ • ࣮ࡍͷDBͷڍಈͱҟͳΔͷͰɺϦΞϧͳςετʹͳΒͳ͍
The Wrong Way ಠࣗsequence id: Ͳ͏͢Δʁ • ID࠾൪DBʹͤ·͠ΐ͏ • Stub͞Εͨ
id ͕ཉ͍͠ͷͰ͋Εɺ build_stubbed Λར༻͠·͠ΐ ͏ʢref. build_stubbed ׆༻ʣ
The Wrong Way ಉ͡ͷςετ
The Wrong Way ಉ͡ͷςετ: Կ͕μϝʁ • name ͕ಉ͡Λੜ͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰɺuser1.name ͕ user2.name
Ͱ user3.name Ͱςετ͕௨ͬͯ͠·͏
The Wrong Way ಉ͡ͷςετ: Ͳ͏͢Δʁ • sequence ΛͬͯϢχʔΫੑͷ͋ΔσʔλΛੜ͢Δ • ϦΞϧϫʔϧυʹ͍ۙσʔλΛ
faker Λͬͯੜ͢Δ
✅ The Right Way build_list, create_list • build_list: ࢦఆճ build
ͨ͠ίϨΫγϣϯΛฦ͢ • create_list: ࢦఆճ create ͨ͠ίϨΫγϣϯΛฦ͢
The Wrong Way ແବlistੜ • ෆඞཁʹ create_list ͯ͠ແବͳσʔλੜΛߦ͏͜ͱ
The Wrong Way ແବlistੜ: Կ͕μϝʁ • ͦͷσʔλɺશ෦ඞཁͰ͔͢ʁ (ref. ڊେσϑΥϧτσʔλ) •
ແବͳσʔλੜʹͳ͍ͬͯͳ͍͔ʁ
The Wrong Way ແବlistੜ: Ͳ͏͢Δʁ • transient + evaluator ͷػ
ೳΛ͍ؔ࿈ઌϨίʔυੜ Λίϯτϩʔϧ͢Δ • ຊʹඞཁͳ͚ͩࢦఆ͠ ͯϨίʔυੜ͢ΔΑ͏ʹ ͢Δ
✅ The Right Way Association ఆٛ ↓ ্ड़ͷ post Factory
Լهͱಉҙ ↓
The Wrong Way Always Create Association • association ઌΛ create
Ͱ࡞ͯ͠͠·͏͜ͱ
The Wrong Way Always Create Association: Կ͕μϝʁ • build ͨ͠߹Ͱৗʹ
createʢϨίʔυੜʣ͕͏
The Wrong Way Always Create Association: Ͳ͏͢Δʁ • ૉʹ association
ఆٛ͢Δ
The Wrong Way Always Create Association: ϕϯνϚʔΫ • In-Memory DB
• File DB
✅ The Right Way FactoryBot.lint • factory_bot ެ͕ࣜఏڙ͢ΔLintπʔϧ • FYI:
rubocop-rspec ʹ FactoryBot ༻ͷϧʔϧಉࠝ͞Ε͍ͯΔ • ref. RuboCop"::Cop"::RSpec"::FactoryBot
✅ The Right Way FactoryBot.lint: how it works • ఆٛ͞Εͨ
Factory ΛҰ௨Γ create ͯ͠ɺinvalid ͳ Factory ఆٛΛ ݕ͢Δ • traits: true ΦϓγϣϯͰ trait ؚΊͯݕࠪ͢Δ
• rakeλεΫԽͯ͠ଞLintπʔϧ ʢrubocopʣͱಉ༷ʹCIͷλε Ϋͷ̍ͭͱ͓ͯͤͯ͘͠ The Good Way FactoryBot.lint: rakeλεΫԽ
✅ FactoryBot The Right Way ·ͱΊ • ਖ਼͍͠લఏঢ়ଶΛਖ਼͘͠࡞Δ • ؆୯ʹσʔλఆٛɾϨίʔυੜͰ͖ͯ͠·͏ނʹɺ؆୯ʹແବσʔλ
Λ࡞Γग़͍͢͠ • ԼهΛҙࣝͯ͠ facotry_bot Λ͍͜ͳͦ͏ • Factory ͷσϑΥϧτఆٛϛχϚϧͳσʔληοτʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ͔ʁ • ֤ʑͷςετέʔεͰ͍ͬͯΔ Factory ࠷ݶͷલఏঢ়ଶΛ࡞Γग़ͤ ͍ͯΔ͔ʁ
Happy Testing Life!
Tips: FactoryGirl→FactoryBot • 2008 FactoryGirlੜ • 2017 FactoryGirl͔ΒFactoryBotʹϦωʔϜ • ref.
Project Naming History ⾠ OSS ͷ Naming ؾΛ͚ͭΑ͏ʂ
Tips: ςετσʔλͷϞοΫ/ελϒʹ͍ͭͯ “ϞοΫ/ελϒʹΑͬͯςετίʔυͷ࣮ߦεϐʔυ͕ૣ͘ͳΓςετ ͷੑߴ·ΔҰํɺϞοΫ/ελϒʻࣗͷໝɾئ͕࡞Γग़ ͨ͠ৼΔ͍ʼʹͳΔͷͰɺ࣮ࡍͷৼΔ͍ͱҟͳΔͱ͍͏ϦεΫ ΛሃΉɻ·ͨϞοΫ/ελϒΛ࡞Δ͜ͱͰɺϝϯςϯφϯεରͱͳΔ ίʔυͷྔɾॏෳ͕ଟ͘ͳΔɻ ϩʔΧϧڥͰ࠶ݱͰ͖ΔRDBKVSՄೳͳݶΓຊΛ͏ɻ” ʢfukabori.fm 13.
ϖΞϓϩςετͷٙͱ͔ɺιϑτΣΞΤϯδχΞͷҭͱ͔ ͷtwada ͞ΜͷൃݴΑΓཁʣ
ࢀߟจݙ • ެࣜυΩϡϝϯτ • thoughtbot/factory_bot Getting Started • ϕϯνϚʔΫιʔείʔυ •
toshimaru/factory-bot-the-right-way • ͦͷଞ • Rails Ξϯνύλʔϯ - Ḋͼ͍ͭͨϑΝΫτϦʔ (factory_girl) - ΞδϟΠ ϧSEͷ༕ᓔ