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英語教育研究を始める前に考えておきたいこと
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Ken Urano
June 02, 2018
Education
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英語教育研究を始める前に考えておきたいこと
LET関西支部メソドロジー研究部会
@関西大学千里山キャンパス
2018. 6. 2.
Ken Urano
June 02, 2018
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Transcript
ӳޠڭҭݚڀΛ࢝ΊΔલʹ ߟ͓͖͍͑ͯͨ͜ͱ Ӝ ݚʢւֶԂେֶʣ email:
[email protected]
LETؔࢧ෦ϝιυϩδʔݚڀ෦ձ ؔେֶઍཬࢁΩϟϯύε ɹɹ2018. 6.
2. http://www.urano-ken.com/research/methoken2018
͡Ίʹ ຊߨԋɺୈ38ճKELESηϛφʔʢ2016.10. 1. ˏۙـେֶʣͰͷҎԼͷߨԋ༰ʹج͍ͮͯ ͍·͢ɻ ❝ ͡ΊͷҰาΛ౿Έग़ͨ͢Ίʹɿ ӳޠڭҭݚڀͷೖޱ
͡Ίʹ • ͡Ίͯͷӳޠڭҭݚڀɿ ԡ͓͖͍͑ͯͨ͞ίπͱ ϙΠϯτʢݚڀࣾʣ • ຊॻͷ༰ʹ৮Εͭͭɺຊॻ ʹؚΊΔ͜ͱͷͰ͖ͳ͔ͬͨ ͜ͱΛ͓͠͠·͢ ݚڀ
͡Ίʹ ʮݚڀʯͱԿ͔ ݚڀ
ݚڀʢresearchʣͱ Research is a systematic process of inquiry consisting of
three elements or components: a. a question, problem, or hypothesis b. data, and c. analysis and interpretation of data (Nunan, 1992, p. 3) question data interpretation
question data interpretation → → ݚڀʢresearchʣͱ systematic
ݚڀ՝ σʔλ ղऍ → → ݚڀʢresearchʣͱ ϧʔϧʢํ๏ʣ
ݚڀʢresearchʣͱ • ݚڀͱɺݚڀ՝ʢ͍ʣΛઃఆ͠ɺ ࠜڌͱͳΔσʔλΛूΊɺͦͷ͑Λ ಋ͖ग़͢ӦΈ • ্هͷ̏ཁૉͦΕͧΕʹ͍ͭͯҰఆͷ ଋ͝ͱ͕͋Δ
ݚڀͷతʢgoalʣ • ݚڀՌΛͲ͜ʹؐݩ͢Δ͔ • ڭࢣʢݚڀऀʣݸਓ • ӳޠڭҭʢݚڀʣશମ
ݚڀͷతʢgoalʣ • ڭࢣݸਓͷؐݩΛࢦ͢ • ࣮ફͱͯ͠ͷݚڀ ʢpractitioner researchʣ • શମͷؐݩΛࢦ͢ •
ֶज़తͳݚڀ ʢacademic researchʣ
ݚڀͷతʢgoalʣ • ࣮ફͱͯ͠ͷݚڀͷత • ࣗͷੜెͨͪʹ͍ͭͯͷཧղΛ ਂΊɺ࣮ફ্ͷΛղܾ͢Δ • ڭࢣͱͯ͠ͷ
ݚڀͷతʢgoalʣ • ྫɿ • ࢼߦࡨޡͷ݁Ռɺࣗͷतۀ͕ ͏·͍͘͘Α͏ʹͳͬͨ • ੜె͕ΔؾΛݟͤΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨ • ࣗͷ୲Ϋϥεͷ্͕͕ͬͨ
ݚڀͷతʢgoalʣ • ֶज़తͳݚڀͷత • ӳޠڭҭʢݚڀʣશମΛҰา લʹਐΊΔͨΊͷߩݙ • ࣗͷΫϥεҎ֎Ͱཱͭݟ • ଞͷจ຺Ͱͯ·Δݟ
ݚڀͷతʢgoalʣ • ࣮ફͱͯ͠ͷݚڀͱֶज़తͳݚڀ • ༏ྼͳ͍ • త͕ҟͳΓɺํ๏͕ҟͳΔ
࣮ફͱͯ͠ͷݚڀ • ϦϑϨΫςΟϒͳӳޠڭҭΛ ࢦͯ͠ɿڭࢣͷޠΓ͕͘ तۀݚڀʢͻͭ͡ॻʣ • ࣮ફͱͯ͠ͷݚڀͷํ๏ ࣄྫΛऩ ݚڀ
࣮ફͱͯ͠ͷݚڀ • ΑΓΑ͍࣮ફݚڀΛߦ͏ͨΊ ͷ10ͷϙΠϯτʢ౻ా, 2016ʣ • ࣮ફݚڀΛߦ͏ͨΊͷϙΠϯ τͷཧͱࣄྫͷհ https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B-OpnEJKrYAdQzNRb1pDY0pQaUE/view ݚڀ
ֶज़తͳݚڀ ݚڀ • ݚڀՌΛશମʹؐݩ͢ΔͨΊʹ • ࣗͷݚڀͱଞͷݚڀʢઌߦݚڀʣ ͱͷؔΛ໌֬ʹࣔ͢ • ݚڀ݁Ռ͕ଞͷจ຺ʹస༻ʢԠ༻ʣ ՄೳʹͳΔͨΊͷखଓ͖Λ౿Ή
ݚڀͷ̏ཁૉ ݚڀ՝ σʔλ ղऍʢ͑ʣ
ݚڀ՝ͷઃఆํ๏ 1. ͓ΑͦͷݚڀςʔϚΛܾΊΔ 2. ڵຯɾؔ৺ɺݚڀՁɺ࣮ߦՄೳੑΛ ݕ౼͢Δ 3. ؔ࿈͢ΔݚڀʢઌߦݚڀʣΛूΊɺ ಡΈɺ·ͱΊΔ ݚڀ՝
ݚڀ՝ͷઃఆํ๏ 1. ͓ΑͦͷݚڀςʔϚΛܾΊΔ 2. ڵຯɾؔ৺ɺݚڀՁɺ࣮ߦՄೳੑΛ ݕ౼͢Δ 3. ؔ࿈͢ΔݚڀʢઌߦݚڀʣΛूΊɺ ಡΈɺ·ͱΊΔ ݚڀ՝
ݚڀ՝ͷઃఆํ๏ • ڵຯɾؔ৺ • Γ͍ͨ͜ͱ • ݚڀՁ • Δ͖͜ͱɺٻΊΒΕ͍ͯΔ͜ͱ •
࣮ߦՄೳੑ • ΕΔ͜ͱ
ݚڀ՝ͷઃఆํ๏ • ઌߦݚڀͷ·ͱΊ 1. ݚڀςʔϚ͕ͲͷΑ͏ͳΓޱͰ ѻΘΕ͖͔ͯͨ 2. Կ͕ௐࠪ͞ΕɺԿ͕໌͠ɺ Կ͕Θ͔͍ͬͯͳ͍͔ 3.
ཧతܽؕɺํ๏తͳ͍͔
ݚڀ՝ͷઃఆํ๏ • Α͍ݚڀ՝ • ઌߦݚڀͰॏཁͩͱࢦఠ͞Ε͍ͯΔ ͷʹेௐࠪ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ͷ • ઌߦݚڀʹ͕͋ΓɺͦΕΛ ղܾ͢Δͷ
ݚڀͷछྨ छྨ Ξϓϩʔν త ୳ࡧʗݕূ จݙݚڀ 1. ઌߦݚڀΛཧ͠༰Λݕ౼͢Δ ࣮ূݚڀ ࣭తݚڀ
1. จ຺Λߟྀͯ͠ࣄΛଊ͑Δ ୳ࡧܕ ݕূܕ 2. จ຺Λߟྀͯ͠ࢀՃऀͷม༰Λଊ͑Δ 3. ࢀՃऀͷܦݧೝࣝΛଊ͑Δ 4. ઌߦݚڀͷର֎ͷࣄΛ໌Β͔ʹ͢Δ 5. ݚڀͷ৴ጪੑΛߴΊΔ ྔతݚڀ 1. ࣄͷಛΛྔతʹهड़͢Δ 2. ࣄͷؔ࿈ੑΛଊ͑Δ 3. ࣄͷࠩҟҼՌؔΛଊ͑Δ Ӝଞʢ2016, p. 8ʣ
୳ࡧͱݕূ • ୳ࡧܕͷݚڀ • ઌߦݚڀ͕ੵ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ςʔϚ • ؍ฉ͖औΓͳͲʹΑΓஸೡʹ σʔλΛऩू͠ɺͦͷத͔ΒԿΒ͔ ͷํੑΛݟग़͢͜ͱΛࢦ͢
୳ࡧͱݕূ • ݕূܕͷݚڀ • ઌߦݚڀ͕ੵ͞Εɺ݁Ռʹ͍ͭͯ ͋Δఔ༧ଌͷཱͯΒΕΔςʔϚ • ʮԾઆʯΛઃఆͯͦ͠ΕΛݕূ͢Δ
σʔλͱղऍ • ݚڀ՝ʹ߹ͬͨσʔλΛूΊΔ • σʔλͷछྨʹ߹ͬͨੳɾղऍΛ ߦ͏
σʔλऩू๏ • ࣄྫݚڀʢcase studyʣ • ؍ฉ͖औΓʹΑΓਂ͘ௐࠪ͢Δ • ௐࠪݚڀʢsurvey studyʣ •
հೖΛߦΘͣʹσʔλΛऩू͢Δ • ࣮ݧݚڀʢexperimental studyʣ • հೖΛߦ͍ͳ͕ΒσʔλΛऩू͢Δ
ੳɾղऍ • σʔλੳͱɺूΊͨσʔλΛ ղऍՄೳͳܗʹཁ͢Δ͜ͱ • σʔλͷछྨʹΑͬͯཁํ๏͕ ҟͳΔ
σʔλͷछྨ • ࣭తσʔλ • ϑΟʔϧυɾϊʔπΠϯλϏϡʔͷ จࣈى͜͠ͳͲɺԽΛΘͳ͍ ʢݴޠʣσʔλ • ྔతσʔλ •
ௐࠪରΛʹΑͬͯදͨ͠ σʔλ
σʔλͷཁ • ࣭తΞϓϩʔν • ࣭తσʔλΛҙຯతʹཁ͢Δ • ྔతΞϓϩʔν • ྔతσʔλΛ౷ܭతʹཁ͢Δ
࣭తΞϓϩʔν • σʔλੳͱղऍ • ੳͱղऍΛߦ͖དྷ͢Δ • ίʔσΟϯάͱΧςΰϦʔԽ • จ຺ͷॏࢹͱް͍هड़ ʢthick
descriptionʣ • స༻Մೳੑʢtransferabilityʣ
࣭తΞϓϩʔν • σʔλऩू๏ɺੳ๏ͱʹଟ༷ • ํ๏ͷཧղʹɺ࣮ࡍͷݚڀʹ ଟ͘৮ΕΔ͜ͱ͕ඞཁ • Ӝଞʢ2016ʣͷୈ5ষΛࢀর ʢݚڀࣄྫؚΊͨղઆ͕͋Δʣ
ྔతΞϓϩʔν • σʔλੳ • هड़౷ܭͱਪଌ౷ܭ • ແ࡞ҝநग़ɺແ࡞ҝׂͷॏཁੑ
• ͷલͷσʔλʢඪຊʣ͔ΒΑΓେ͖ͳจ຺ ʢूஂʣΛਪఆ͢Δ • ඪຊͰ؍͞ΕΔࠩɾ͕ؔɺूஂ͔Βͷ ඪຊநग़࣌ͷޡࠩͰੜ͡Δ֬ʢp ʣΛ ܭࢉ͢Δ • p
͕ج४ʢྟքʣҎԼͰ͋Εʮ༗ҙʯ Ͱ͋ΔʢޡࠩͰͳ͍ʣͱஅ͢Δ ਪଌ౷ܭʢ༗ҙੑݕఆʣ
• ૬ؔੳͷ߹ɺඪຊͰݟΒΕΔ૬͕ؔແ૬ ؔʢ૬ؔθϩʣͷूஂ͔Βͷඪຊநग़࣌ͷ ޡࠩͰੜ͡Δ֬ʢp ʣΛܭࢉ͢Δ ਪଌ౷ܭʢ༗ҙੑݕఆʣ
ूஂ ඪɹຊ ਪఆ σʔλղੳ Σ, F, t, p... ूஂͱඪຊ
• ͋ΔඪຊͰಘΒΕͨදʢe.g., ฏۉʣ ͱूஂͷදͱͷࠩ ඪຊޡࠩ
ूஂ μ = 15.3 ඪຊA M = 14.7 ඪຊB M
= 15.9 ඪຊC M = 15.2 ඪຊD M = 15.4 ඪຊE M = 15.1
ूஂ μ = 14.7 ඪຊA M = 14.7 ࣮ࡍ M
= μ ͱͯ͠ਪఆ
• ඪຊͷαΠζ͕େ͖͚Εେ͖͍΄Ͳɺ ඪຊޡࠩখ͘͞ͳΔ • ͭ·Γਪఆͷਫ਼͕ߴ͘ͳΔ ඪຊޡࠩ
• ແ࡞ҝநग़ʢrandom samplingʣ • ඪຊ͔ΒूஂΛਪଌ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Մೳͳͷ ɺແ࡞ҝநग़ͷ͓͔͛ • ແ࡞ҝׂʢrandom assignmentʣ •
ෳͷάϧʔϓΛ࡞Δͱ͖ɺແ࡞ҝׂʹΑͬ ͯάϧʔϓؒͷ࣭ੑΛ୲อ͢Δ ແ࡞ҝநग़ɾແ࡞ҝׂ
• • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δྔతݚڀͷେɺ ແ࡞ҝநग़Λߦ͍ͬͯͳ͍ • ࣮ࡍͷΫϥεΛ͏४࣮ݧݚڀͰɺ ແ࡞ҝׂߦΘΕͳ͍ ແ࡞ҝநग़ɾແ࡞ҝׂ
• ݚڀ݁ՌͷҰൠԽՄೳੑʢgeneralizabilityʣ ͕୲อ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ • ݚڀ݁ՌΛଞͷจ຺ʹస༻ʢԠ༻ʣՄೳʹ ͢Δͱ͍͏ɺֶज़తͳݚڀͷେલఏ͕ ຬͨ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ ແ࡞ҝநग़ɾແ࡞ҝׂ
• ӳޠڭҭݚڀͰɺ࠷ޙʹʮڭҭతࣔࠦʯΛ ड़Δ͜ͱ͕ظ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͕ଟ͍ • ୯Ұͷݚڀ͔ΒࣔࠦΛड़ͯΑ͍ͷ͔ ڭҭతࣔࠦ
• ྔతݚڀ • ҰൠԽՄೳੑ͕୲อ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍߹ɺ ຊདྷͳΒݚڀ݁ՌҰൠԽͰ͖ͳ͍ • ಉ͜͡ͱΛผͷจ຺Ͱߦͬͯɺ ಉ݁͡Ռ͕ಘΒΕΔอূͳ͍ • ࠶ݱੑʢreproducibilityʣ
ڭҭతࣔࠦ
• ࣭తݚڀ • ݚڀ݁Ռ͕จ຺ʹґଘ͢ΔͨΊɺ ͦͦҰൠԽߦΘͳ͍ • ް͍هड़Λߦ͏͜ͱͰɺݚڀ݁Ռ͕ผͷ จ຺Ͱͯ·Δ͔Ͳ͏͔ͷஅΛ ಡऀʹҕͶΔ ڭҭతࣔࠦ
• ӳޠڭҭݚڀʹ͓͍ͯɺ୯Ұͷݚڀ͔Β աͳҰൠԽʢڭҭతࣔࠦʣΛߦ͏ͷ ෆద • ͰͲ͏͢Δʁ ڭҭతࣔࠦ
• ݚڀͷݶքΛਅ伨ʹड͚ࢭΊɺڭҭతࣔࠦ Ͱ͖Δ͚ͩ conservative ͳͷʹཹΊΔ • େ͖ͳڭҭతࣔࠦɺݸʑͷݚڀͰͳ͘ɺ ෳͷؔ࿈ݚڀͷ݁ՌΛ·ͱΊͨܗͰߦ͏ • ݚڀͷ౷߹ʢresearch
synthesisʣͱ ϝλੳʢmeta-analysisʣ • ࢼʢreplicationʣͷॏཁੑ ڭҭతࣔࠦ
• ౷߹ɾࢼʹ͑͏ΔݚڀΛߦ͏͜ͱ͕ॏཁ • ݚڀՁͷߴ͍ςʔϚ • ࢼΛߦ͏ͨΊͷใ։ࣔ • هड़౷ܭྔͷ։ࣔ • ʢͰ͖Εʣແ࡞ҝׂͷσβΠϯ
ڭҭతࣔࠦ
͜͜·Ͱͷ·ͱΊ
͜͜·Ͱͷ·ͱΊ • ݚڀՌͷݸਓͷؐݩΛతͱͨ͠ ࣮ફͱͯ͠ͷݚڀ • ݚڀՌͷҰൠԽΛతͱֶͨ͠ज़తͳݚڀ • ͨͩ͠୯Ұͷݚڀ͔ΒͷҰൠԽ͍͠
͜͜·Ͱͷ·ͱΊ • ֶज़తͳݚڀΛߦ͏ͷ͔ͳΓେม • ӳޠڭࢣݚڀΛߦ͏ඞཁ͕͋Δͷ͔
͜͜·Ͱͷ·ͱΊ • ඞཁͳ͍ɺ͚ͩͲ… • ֶज़తͳݚڀΛ͢Δڭࢣ͕૿͑Δ͜ͱ͕ ݚڀͷੵʹͭͳ͕Γ • ͦͷ݁ՌϑΟʔϧυશମͷൃలʹߩݙͰ͖Δ
ݚڀҎ֎ͷબࢶ • ֶज़తݚڀΛߦ͏ͷ͍͠߹ɺ ࣮ફతͳݚڀʹઓͯ͠ΈΔ • ͦΕ͍͠߹ɺʮݚڀʯߦΘͣʹ ࣮ફͷهΛ͚ͭͯΈΔ • ୳ڀత࣮ફʢexploratory practiceʣ
୳ڀత࣮ફ • Allright (2003) ͕ఏএ • ղܾͰͳ͘ݱঢ়ཧղΛతͱͨ͠׆ಈ • ࣋ଓՄೳͳܗͰͷ׆ಈ •
࣮ફͷهड़ʢهʣͱͦΕʹ͍ͭͯͷল ʢϦϑϨΫγϣϯʣͷه
୳ڀత࣮ફ • ʮݚڀʯͰͳ͍ͨΊൃදػձݶΒΕΔ • த෦۠ӳޠڭҭֶձʢCELESʣͰ࣮ફใࠂ ͱͯ͠ͷ୳ڀత࣮ફ͕ใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔ • ࠓޙଞֶձͰ૿͑Δ͜ͱΛظ
• ͡Ίͯͷӳޠڭҭݚڀɿ ԡ͓͖͍͑ͯͨ͞ίπͱ ϙΠϯτʢݚڀࣾʣ • ݚڀͷํ๏ʹ͍ͭͯɺଟ͘ ͷ࣮ྫΛհ͠ͳ͕Βղઆ͠ ͍ͯ·͢ ओͳࢀߟจݙ
• ֎ࠃޠڭҭݚڀϋϯυϒοΫ • ࣭తɾྔతݚڀͷ྆ํʹ͍ͭ ͯஸೡʹղઆ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ ओͳࢀߟจݙ
શମͷ·ͱΊ
શମͷ·ͱΊ • ࣮ફͱͯ͠ͷݚڀͱֶज़తͳݚڀ • ݚڀͷ̏ཁૉʢݚڀ՝ɺσʔλɺղऍʣ • ҰൠԽͱڭҭతࣔࠦͷ͠͞ • ݚڀͷੵͷॏཁੑ •
୳ڀత࣮ફͷՄೳੑ Ken Urano
[email protected]
http://www.urano-ken.com/research/methoken2018
• Allright, D. (2003). Exploratory Practice: rethinking practitioner research in
language teaching. Language Teaching Research, 7, 113–141. doi:10.1191/1362168803lr118oa • ౻ా. (2016). ΑΓΑ͍࣮ફݚڀΛߦ͏ͨΊͷ10ͷϙΠϯτ. ୈ46ճத෦۠ӳޠڭ ҭֶձࡾॏେձɾӳޠڭҭݚڀ๏ηϛφʔ. Retrieved from: https://drive.google.com/ file/d/0B-OpnEJKrYAdQzNRb1pDY0pQaUE/view • Nunan, D. (1992). Research methods in language learning. Cambridge University Press. • ཧɾਫຊಞ (ฤ). (2014). ʰ֎ࠃޠڭҭݚڀϋϯυϒοΫ: ݚڀख๏ͷΑΓྑ͍ཧղ ͷͨΊʹ (վగ൛)ʱ౦ژ: দദࣾ. • ӜݚɾཧཅҰɾాதɾ౻ాɾ∁ѥرࢠɾञҪӳथ. (2016). ʰ͡Ίͯͷ ӳޠڭҭݚڀ: ԡ͓͖͍͑ͯͨ͞ίπͱϙΠϯτʱ౦ژ: ݚڀࣾ. • ٢ాୡ߂ɾۄҪ݈ɾԣߔਈҰɾࠓҪ༟೭ɾ༄ཅհ (ฤ). (2009). ʰϦϑϨΫςΟϒͳ ӳޠڭҭΛࢦͯ͠: ڭࢣͷޠΓ͕͘तۀݚڀʱ౦ژ: ͻͭ͡ॻ. Ҿ༻จݙ