学習者を対象にした英語教育研究における倫理的配慮

全国英語教育学会 第48回香川研究大会＠香川大学
課題研究フォーラム「日本の英語教育研究における研究倫理を考える」
（担当：中部地区英語教育学会）
2023.08.19.

Transcript

1. Ӝ໺ ݚʢ๺ւֶԂେֶʣ urano@hgu.jp https://www.urano-ken.com/research/JASELE2023 JASELE2023 @ ߳઒େֶ ՝୊ݚڀϑΥʔϥϜʢத෦஍۠ʣ 2023.08.19. ֶशऀΛର৅ʹͨ͠ӳޠڭҭݚڀʹ͓͚Δ ྙཧత഑ྀ
   
2. ͸͡Ίʹ Academic Integrity / Good Practice ʢֶ໰తʗֶज़తʣ੣࣮ੑɾެਖ਼ੑ ÷ Academic Misconduct / Malpractice ෆਖ਼ߦҝ
3. ͸͡Ίʹ ֶ໰త੣࣮ੑʢͱͦͷରۃͱͯ͠ͷෆਖ਼ߦҝʣ͕ ӳޠڭҭͷํ๏࿦ʢmethodologyʣͷจ຺Ͱ ͲͷΑ͏ʹٞ࿦͞Ε͖͔ͯͨɺ͜ͳ͔͔ͬͨ
4. ӳޠڭҭܥֶձͰͷٞ࿦ • ӳޠڭҭݚڀۀքͰ͸ɺֶ໰త੣࣮ੑʹ͍ͭͯ ެࣜͳݟղ͸͋·Γࣔ͞Εͯ͜ͳ͔ͬͨ • 2010೥Ҏ߱ʹͳֶͬͯձ͝ͱʹऔΓ·ͱΊ͕ ਐΜͰ͍Δ • ࠃࡍతͳஂମͱͯ͠ͷݟղ͸ӳࠃԠ༻ݴޠֶձ ʢBAALʣͷ΋ͷ͕ى఺ͱͳ͍ͬͯΔ ʢॳ൛͸1994೥ɺ࠷৽൛͸2021೥ʣ
5. BAAL (1994) Recommendations on Good Practice in Applied Linguistics Applied linguistics is both • an approach to understanding language issues in the real world, drawing on theory and empirical analysis • an interdisciplinary area of study, in which linguistics is combined with issues, methods and perspectives drawn from other disciplines. In the course of their work, which includes teaching, research, administration and consultancy, applied linguists often face a variety of con icting interests and competing obligations. This document aims to assist applied linguists in their awareness and response to these dilemmas and the choices they entail. To do so, it points to a range of principles and values. Some, such as the commitment to equal opportunities and to fair employment practices, are general in their scope. Others are more speci c to academic work and to applied linguistics. Ethical priorities are the central concern throughout this text, but it leans more to discussion in terms of ‘could’ than prescription in terms of ‘must’. (p. 1)
6. BAAL (1994) Ԡ༻ݴޠֶݚڀʢऀʣͷӨڹൣғ • Ԡ༻ݴޠֶ෼໺ʢResponsibilities to Applied Linguisticsʣ • ଞͷݚڀऀʢResponsibilities to colleaguesʣ • ֶੜʢResponsibilities to studentsʣ • ެऺʢResponsibilities to the publicʣ • ݚڀͦͷ΋ͷʢRelationships in researchʣ • ৘ใఏڙऀʢResponsibilities to informantsʣ • εϙϯαʔʢRelationships with sponsorsʣ • ॴଐػؔʢThe relationship between applied linguists and their own institutionsʣ
7. ೔ຊͰͷٞ࿦ • ೔ຊͷӳޠڭҭݚڀۀքͰ΋ɺֶ໰త੣࣮ੑʹ ͍ͭͯެࣜͳݟղ͸͋·Γࣔ͞Εͯ͜ͳ͔ͬͨ • 2023೥ݱࡏͰ΋ެࣜจॻΛఏ͍ࣔͯ͠Δֶձ͸ ΄ͱΜͲͳ͍
8. ೔ຊͰͷٞ࿦ • શࠃӳޠڭҭֶձʢJASELEʣʹ͸ྙཧنఔ͕ ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍* • ؔ࿈஍ֶ۠ձ΋ಉ༷* • ๺ւಓӳޠڭҭֶձɺ౦๺ӳޠڭҭֶձɺ ؔ౦ߕ৴ӽӳޠڭҭֶձɺத෦஍۠ӳޠڭҭֶձɺ ؔ੢ӳޠڭҭֶձɺதࠃ஍۠ӳޠڭҭֶձɺ ࢛ࠃӳޠڭҭֶձɺ۝भӳޠڭҭֶձ *Ұ෦ֶձͰೋॏ౤ߘɺ෼ׂ౤ߘΛېࢭ͢Δจݴ͋Γ
9. ೔ຊͰͷٞ࿦ • খֶߍӳޠڭҭֶձʢJESʣͰ͸ɺࣥචཁྖʹ ྙཧతࢦ਑͕໌ه͞Ε͍ͯΔʢখֶߍӳޠڭҭֶձ, 2023ʣ • ͜Ε͸೔ຊͷӳޠڭҭܥֶձͰ͸ྫ֎త
10. JES (2023) খֶߍӳޠڭҭֶձࣥචཁྖ 13. ౤ߘʹ͋ͨͬͯͷྙཧతࢦ਑ (1) ݚڀٴͼ౤ߘʹ͋ͨͬͯ͸ɼݚڀɾௐࠪʹࢀՃͨ͠Γɼڠྗͨ͠Γ͢ΔऀʢҎԼɼ ʮௐࠪڠྗऀʯͱ͍͏ʣͷཱ৔ʹ഑ྀ͠ɼௐࠪڠྗऀ͕ෆརӹΛඃΔ͜ͱ͕ͳ͍Α͏ ʹ഑ྀ͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɻ (2) ࣮ݧ΍ௐࠪΛ൐͏ݚڀΛ࣮ࢪ͢Δ৔߹ʹ͸ɼݚڀ΍ௐࠪ΁ࢀՃɾڠྗʹ͍ͭͯɼௐࠪ ڠྗऀ͋Δ͍͸ͦΕΛอޢ͢Δཱ৔ʹ͋ΔऀͷಉҙΛಘΔ΋ͷͱ͢Δɻ (3) ऩूͨ͠σʔλͷऔѻ͍ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼݸਓͷϓϥΠόγʔΛ৵֐͢Δ͜ͱ͕ͳ͍Α͏ ʹݫ֨ʹ؅ཧ͢Δɻ (4) ͲͷΑ͏ͳ഑ྀΛߦ͔ͬͨΛɼຊจதʹهࡌ͢Δ͜ͱɻࢀߟɿࣥචཁྖ 6. ࿦จͷߏ੒ (6) ຊจʦ(c) ํ๏ʢྙཧత഑ྀʹ͍ͭͯͷݴٴΛؚΉʣʧɼ͓Αͼ࿨จɾӳจαϯϓϧ Λࢀߟʹهࡌ͢Δɻ (5) རӹ૬൓ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼࣥචཁྖ 6. ࿦จͷߏ੒(8)෇هɼ͓Αͼ࿨จɾӳจαϯϓϧԼઢ ෦෼Λࢀߟʹهࡌ͢Δɻྫͱͯ͠ɼརӹ૬൓͕ͳ͍৔߹ɼʮͳ͓ɼຊ࿦จʹؔͯ͠ɼ ։ࣔ͢΂͖རӹ૬൓ؔ࿈ࣄ߲͸ͳ͍ (The authors declare no con icts of interest associated with this manuscript.)ʯ౳ͱهࡌ͢Δɻ
11. ೔ຊͰͷٞ࿦ • ݴޠܥֶձ࿈߹*ʢUALSʣʹ͸ݚڀྙཧʹؔ͢ ΔΨΠυϥΠϯ͕ଘࡏ͢Δʢݴޠܥֶձ࿈߹, 2015ʣ *೔ຊֶज़ձٞͷಇ͖͔͚Ͱൃ଍ͨ͠૊৫ͰɺશࠃӳޠڭҭֶձΛؚΉ38ֶձ͕Ճໍ
12. ̍ɽ݈શͳݚڀ׆ಈͷͨΊʹ ݴޠܥֶձ࿈߹ʹՃໍ͢Δֶձʢ ҎԼʮ Ճໍֶձʯʣ ͸ɺݴޠʹؔ࿈͢Δ෼໺ͷݚڀʹ د༩͢Δ͜ͱΛΊ͍ͯ͟͠·͢ɻՃໍֶձͷձһ͸ɺ͜ͷ໨తΛୡ͢ΔͨΊɺઌߦݚڀͷ ݚڀ੒ՌΛ౿·͑ͭͭɺద੾ʹऩूͨ͠σʔλͱಠࣗͷཱ࿦ʹج͖ͮݚڀΛߦ͍ɺൃද͢ Δ͜ͱ͕ٻΊΒΕ·͢ɻݚڀ׆ಈʹ͓͍ͯɺσʔλ΍ௐࠪ݁Ռͷ፻଄ɺվ͟Μɺଞͷݚڀ ऀͷߟ͑ͷ౪༻ɺଞͷݚڀऀͷ࿦จɾஶॻ౳͔ΒͷႮ઄ɺσʔλͷෆద੾ͳऩू౳ͷෆਖ਼ ߦҝ͸ܾͯ͠ڐ͞Ε·ͤΜɻ͜ͷΑ͏ͳෆਖ਼ߦҝ͸ɺՊֶͷਐาɾൃలΛ๦͛ɺ૑଄తͳ ஌ͷ݈શͳӦΈΛ๯ಚ͢Δ΋ͷͰ͢ɻՃໍֶձͷձһ͸ຊΨΠυϥΠϯͱֶ֤ձͷنఔΛ ९कͯ͠ݚڀ׆ಈΛߦ͏Α͏ཹҙ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ٻΊΒΕ·͢ɻ UALS (2015) ݴޠܥֶձ࿈߹ɹݚڀྙཧʹؔ͢ΔΨΠυϥΠϯ
13. ̎ɽෆਖ਼ߦҝͱ͸ ݚڀ׆ಈʹ͓͚Δෆਖ਼ߦҝͱ͸ɺҎԼͷΑ͏ͳ͜ͱΛߦ͏͜ͱΛࢦ͠·͢ɻ 1. ፻଄ɿՍۭͷσʔλɾݚڀ݁Ռ౳Λ࡞੒͢Δ͜ͱɻ 2. վ͟Μɿσʔλɺݚڀ݁Ռ౳Λਅਖ਼Ͱͳ͍΋ͷʹՃ޻͢Δ͜ͱɻ 3. ౪༻ɿଞऀͷߟ͑ɺσʔλɺݚڀ݁Ռ౳Λɺग़ॴͷద੾ͳදࣔͳ͘࢖༻͢Δ͜ͱɻ 4. Ⴎ઄ɿΠϯλʔωοτ্Ͱެ։͞Ε͍ͯΔ΋ͷ΋ؚΊɺଞऀͷஶ࡞෺ͷදݱΛग़ॴͷ ద੾ͳදࣔͳ͘࢖༻͢Δ͜ͱɻ 5. ෆద੾ͳσʔλऩूɿे෼ͳઆ໌ͱҙࢥ֬ೝΛߦΘͣʹௐࠪ΋͘͠͸࣮ݧΛߦ͏͜ ͱɺ͓Αͼௐࠪ΋͘͠͸࣮ݧͷର৅ऀͷҙࢥʹ൓ͨ͠ํ๏΍ɺର৅ऀͷ৺਎ʹ֐Λ༩ ͑ΔՄೳੑͷ͋Δํ๏ʹΑͬͯσʔλΛऩू͢Δ͜ͱɻ UALS (2015) ݴޠܥֶձ࿈߹ɹݚڀྙཧʹؔ͢ΔΨΠυϥΠϯ
14. ̏ɽෆਖ਼ߦҝʹର͢Δાஔ Ճໍֶձ͸ɺֶձͷץߦ෺΍ݚڀूձͰൃද͞Εͨ಺༰ʹෆਖ਼ߦҝ͕ೝΊΒΕͨ৔߹ʹ ͸ɺֶ֤ձͷํ๏ͱखଓ͖ʹΑͬͯରԠાஔΛͱΓɺඞཁ͕͋Ε͹ؔ܎ֶձ΍ػؔʹͦͷ ࣄ࣮Λใࠂ͢Δ΋ͷͱ͠·͢ɻ UALS (2015) ݴޠܥֶձ࿈߹ɹݚڀྙཧʹؔ͢ΔΨΠυϥΠϯ
15. ௐࠪڠྗऀ΁ͷ഑ྀ • ֶ໰త੣࣮ੑΛ୲อ͢Δʹ͸ௐࠪڠྗऀ΁ͷ ഑ྀ͕ෆՄܽ ͲΜͳʹֶज़తͳՁ஋ͷߴ͍࣮ݧͰ͋Ζ͏ͱɺ࣮ݧࢀՃऀʹͱͬͯ͸ඞͣ໎࿭ͳ΋ ͷͰ͋Δɺͱ͍͏ೝࣝΛݚڀऀ͸࣋ͭඞཁ͕͋Δɻ͜Ε͸͘͝౰ͨΓલͷ͜ͱͳͷ ͕ͩɺೝࣝ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍͜ͱ͕͋Δɻ࣮ݧ΍ௐࠪ͸ࢭΉΛಘͣଞਓͷ࣌ؒΛ࢖ͬͯ ΍Δ΋ͷͩͱ͍͏͜ͱΛ໏ه͓͖͍ͯͨ͠ɻʢத੢, 2023, p. 9ʣ Applied linguists should respect the rights, interests, sensitivities, privacy and autonomy of their informants, including instances in which access rights are not so clear-cut. (BAAL, 2021, p. 4)
16. ௐࠪڠྗऀ΁ͷ഑ྀ • ӳޠڭҭݚڀʹ͓͚Δओͳௐࠪڠྗऀ • ֶशऀʢ͓Αͼอޢऀʣ • ڭࢣ • ӳޠ࢖༻ऀ
17. • ΠϯϑΥʔϜυɾίϯηϯτʢಉҙʣͷऔಘ • ݚڀ໨తͷཧղ • ݚڀࢀՃ͕೚ҙͰ͋Δ͜ͱͷཧղ • ϓϥΠόγʔʢݸਓΛಛఆͰ͖Δ৘ใʣͷอޢ • ڭҭత഑ྀ • ௐࠪʹڠྗ͢Δ͜ͱͰֶशʹෆརӹ͕ੜ͡ͳ͍Α͏ʹ͢Δ • հೖݚڀʹ͓͚Δάϧʔϓ෼͚ʢಛʹରর܈ɺ౷੍܈ͷֶशऀ΁ͷ഑ྀʣ ௐࠪڠྗऀ΁ͷ഑ྀ ֶशऀʹରͯ͠഑ྀ͢΂͖఺
18. • த෦஍۠ӳޠڭҭֶձͰ2005೥͔Βຖ೥࣮ࢪ • Ӝ໺͕2005–2013೥ʹίʔσΟωʔλʔ • ͜ͷؒͷ಺༰Λ·ͱΊͨͷ͕ʰ͸͡Ίͯͷӳޠ ڭҭݚڀʱʢӜ໺ɾ࿱ཧɾాதɾ౻ాɾ∁໦ɾ ञҪ, 2016ʣ • ݚڀྙཧʹؔ͢ΔষΛઃ͚ͳ͔ͬͨ͜ͱ͕ ʢࠓͱͳͬͯ͸ʣչ΍·ΕΔ ྙཧత഑ྀͷॏཁੑΛ޿ΊΔ ӳޠڭҭݚڀ๏ηϛφʔ
19. ྙཧత഑ྀͷॏཁੑΛ޿ΊΔ ӳޠڭҭݚڀ๏ηϛφʔʢ∁໦, 2008ʣ ྙཧతߟྀ ࣭తݚڀͰ͸ɺಛʹݚڀࢀՃऀͷྙཧతͳߟྀʹ஫ҙ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɻ 1. ΠϯϑΥʔϜυίϯηϯτɿݚڀऀ͸ɺݚڀࢀՃऀʹσʔλऩूΛߦ͏લʹ׬શʹ ݚڀͷखଓ͖ʹ͍ͭͯ৘ใΛ༩͑ɺݚڀʹࢀՃ ͢Δঝ୚Λಘͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɻ 2. ͍ٗͯ͸ͳΒͳ͍ɿݚڀࢀՃऀΛٗ͘͜ͱ͸ઈରʹආ͚ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɻ 3. ࣙୀ͢ΔݖརɿݚڀࢀՃऀ͕േΛڪΕΔ͜ͱͳࣗ͘༝ʹࢀՃΛࣙୀͰ͖ͳ͚Ε͹ͳ Βͳ͍ɻ 4. આ໌੹೚ɿݚڀऀ͸σʔλΛऩूͨ͠ޙͰɺݚڀࢀՃऀʹݚڀશମͷ໨తʹ͍ͭͯ ஌Βͤͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɻ 5. कൿٛ຿ɿݚڀऀ͸ɺݚڀͷϓϩηεʹ͓͍ͯݚڀࢀՃऀʹ͍ͭͯಘΒΕ͍͔ͨͳ Δ৘ใʹରͯ͠΋ɺ׬શͳकൿ ٛ຿ΛकΒͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɻ ΢ΟϦοά (2003, pp. 25-26 վగ)
20. ྙཧత഑ྀͷॏཁੑΛೝࣝ͢Δ ࣭తݚڀͰ͸ɺݸʑͷݚڀࢀՃऀʹؔΘΔଟ͘ͷจ ຺৘ใ͕ಘΒΕɺͦΕʹج͍ͮͯ෼ੳɺߟ࡯Λߦ͏ ͨΊɺݚڀࢀՃऀ͕ಛఆ͞Ε΍͍͢ͱ͍͏໰୊఺͕ ͋Γ·͢ɻ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɺݚڀͷܭը͔Β݁Ռͷൃද ʹࢸΔ͢΂ͯͷϓϩηεʹ͓͍ͯྙཧతͳ໰୊ʹͭ ͍ͯڧ֮ࣗ͘͠ɺݚڀࢀՃऀΛอޢ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γ ·͢ɻ ςΟϯμʔϧ (2008) ͸ɺݚڀࢀՃऀʹର͢Δ௚઀ͷ ྙཧత഑ྀͱͯ͠ɺʮΠϯϑΥʔϜυɾίϯηϯ τʯɺʮݚڀࢀՃऀͷอޢʯɺʮकൿٛ຿ͱಗ໊ੑʯ ͷ̏఺Λڍ͍͛ͯ·͢ɻ(pp. 132–133) ྙཧత഑ྀͷॏཁੑΛ޿ΊΔ ʰ͸͡Ίͯͷӳޠڭҭݚڀʱ
21. ྙཧత഑ྀͷॏཁੑΛೝࣝ͢Δ ࣭తݚڀͰ͸ɺݸʑͷݚڀࢀՃऀʹؔΘΔଟ͘ͷจ ຺৘ใ͕ಘΒΕɺͦΕʹج͍ͮͯ෼ੳɺߟ࡯Λߦ͏ ͨΊɺݚڀࢀՃऀ͕ಛఆ͞Ε΍͍͢ͱ͍͏໰୊఺͕ ͋Γ·͢ɻ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɺݚڀͷܭը͔Β݁Ռͷൃද ʹࢸΔ͢΂ͯͷϓϩηεʹ͓͍ͯྙཧతͳ໰୊ʹͭ ͍ͯڧ֮ࣗ͘͠ɺݚڀࢀՃऀΛอޢ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γ ·͢ɻ ςΟϯμʔϧ (2008) ͸ɺݚڀࢀՃऀʹର͢Δ௚઀ͷ ྙཧత഑ྀͱͯ͠ɺʮΠϯϑΥʔϜυɾίϯηϯ τʯɺʮݚڀࢀՃऀͷอޢʯɺʮकൿٛ຿ͱಗ໊ੑʯ ͷ̏఺Λڍ͍͛ͯ·͢ɻ(pp. 132–133) ྙཧత഑ྀͷॏཁੑΛ޿ΊΔ ʰ͸͡Ίͯͷӳޠڭҭݚڀʱ ࣭తݚڀʹݶΒͳ͍ʂ
22. ྙཧత഑ྀͷॏཁੑΛ޿ΊΔ ʰ֎ࠃޠڭҭݚڀϋϯυϒοΫʱʢ஛಺ɾਫຊ, 2012, 2023ʣ ݚڀྙཧ ֎ࠃޠڭҭݚڀ͸ɺଟ͘ͷ৔߹ɺਓΛର৅ͱ͢Δݚڀ෼໺Ͱ͢ɻͦͷͨΊɺσʔλऩूͱ ݁Ռͷఏࣔํ๏ʹ͸ɺݸਓ৘ใอޢͷ؍఺͔Βࡉ৺ͷ஫ҙΛ෷Θͳ͚Ε͹ͳΓ·ͤΜɻ ʢதུʣ·ͨɺ࣮ݧޙͷ݁Ռެ։ʹࡍͯ͠͸ɺར༻ํ๏ʢͨͱ͑͹ಗ໊ར༻ͳͲʣʹ͍ͭ ͯɺࢀՃऀʹे෼આ໌͠ɺಉҙΛಘΔखଓ͖ɺͭ·ΓΠϯϑΥʔϜυɾίϯηϯτ ʢinformed consentʣΛߦ͏Α͏ʹ৺͕͚·͠ΐ͏ɻ ͳ͓ɺલઅͰઆ໌ͨ͠ɺʮॲஔ܈ͱରর܈ͷൺֱσβΠϯʯͰॲஔ܈ͱରর܈Λઃ͚Δ৔ ߹ɺ໌Β͔ʹޮՌ͕Θ͔͍ͬͯΔࢦಋ๏Λɺॲஔ܈ʹͷΈ΄Ͳ͜͢ͱ͍͏ͷ͸ྙཧతʹ໰ ୊͕͋Γ·͢ɻ͜ͷ৔߹ɺ࣍ͷֶظͰॲஔ܈ͱରর܈ΛೖΕସ͑ΔͳͲͷ഑ྀ͕ඞཁͰ͋ Γɺ͜ͷΑ͏ͳॲஔΛͨ͜͠ͱΛ࿦จʹ໌ه͢Δ͜ͱ΋ٻΊΒΕ·͢ɻʢpp. 12–13ʣ
23. ྙཧత഑ྀͷॏཁੑΛ޿ΊΔ • ӳޠڭҭݚڀ๏ͷೖ໳ॻʹ͸ྙཧత഑ྀ΁ͷ ݴٴ͕ݟΒΕΔ͕ɺे෼ʹप஌͞Ε͍ͯΔͱ͸ ݴ͑ͳ͍ • ֶձ୯ҐͰͷΨΠυϥΠϯͷࡦఆͳͲɺܒ໤ ׆ಈʹ͞ΒʹྗΛೖΕΔඞཁ͕͋Δ
24. ͓ΘΓʹ ʢֶ໰తʗֶज़తʣ੣࣮ੑɾެਖ਼ੑ ÷ ෆਖ਼ߦҝ ݚڀྙཧʹؔ͢Δٞ࿦͸ෆਖ਼ߦҝͱېࢭࣄ߲ʹয ఺͕౰ͯΒΕ͕͕ͪͩɺ੣࣮ੑɾެਖ਼ੑ΋ซͤͨ แׅతͳݕ౼͕๬·ΕΔ
25. • British Association for Applied Linguistics. (1994). Recommendations on good practice in applied linguistics. https://www.baal.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/BAAL-Recommendation-on-good- practice_1994_full.pdf • British Association for Applied Linguistics. (2021). Recommendations on good practice in applied linguistics. https://www.baal.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/BAAL-Good-Practice-Guidelines-2021.pdf • Ӝ໺ݚɾ࿱ཧཅҰɾాத෢෉ɾ౻ా୎࿠ɾ∁໦ѥرࢠɾञҪӳथ (2016). ʰ͸͡Ίͯͷӳޠڭҭݚڀ: ԡ͑͞ ͓͖͍ͯͨίπͱϙΠϯτʱݚڀࣾ • ݴޠܥֶձ࿈߹ (2015). ʰݚڀྙཧʹؔ͢ΔΨΠυϥΠϯʱ https://uals.net/aboutus/guideline/ • খֶߍӳޠڭҭֶձ (2023).ʰখֶߍӳޠڭҭֶձࢽʱ(JES Journal Vol. 24) ࣥචཁྖ. https://www.e-jes.org/ wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/f81059586189acb1e3abcd26e0f30766.pdf • ∁໦ѥرࢠ (2008/6/29). ݚڀσβΠϯͷํ๏: ࣭తΞϓϩʔν. ୈ38ճத෦஍۠ӳޠڭҭֶձ௕໺େձӳޠڭ ҭݚڀ๏ηϛφʔ • ஛಺ཧɾਫຊಞ (ฤ) (2012). ʰ֎ࠃޠڭҭݚڀϋϯυϒοΫʱদദࣾ • ஛಺ཧɾਫຊಞ (ฤ) (2023). ʰ֎ࠃޠڭҭݚڀϋϯυϒοΫ૿ิ൛ʱদദࣾ • த੢େี (2023). ޿ౡमಓେֶ2023೥౓ʮ৺ཧֶ֓࿦ʯୈ14ճ৺ཧֶݚڀʹ͓͍ͯ஫ҙ͢΂͖఺ʢ৺ཧֶͱ ݚڀྙཧʣ. Unpublished manuscript. Ҿ༻จݙ