Mamiellophyceae diversity from metabarcoding

Transcript

1. Mamiellophyceae diversity Margot Tragin, Daniel Vaulot NTU - 2019-03-29

2. Green vs. Red lineages Falkowski, P.G., Katz, M.E., Knoll, A.H.,

   Quigg, A., Raven, J.A., Schofield, O. & Taylor, F.J. 2004. Science. 305:354–60. 2 / 18

3. Ocean sampling day (OSD) 150 stations 1 million sequences >

   > 3 / 18

4. Data from OSD The green lineage represents 25% of marine

   phytoplankton 4 / 18

5. Data from OSD Up to 94% ... The green lineage

   represents 25% of marine phytoplankton Next question: What are the shade of green ? Tragin, M. & Vaulot, D. 2018. Sci. Rep. 8:14020. 4 / 18

6. The green lineage Leliaert, F., Verbruggen, H. & Zechman, F.W.

   2011. Bioessays. 33:683–92. 5 / 18

7. Green algae: Oceanic vs. Coastal Lopes dos Santos, A., Gourvil,

   P., Tragin, M., Noël, M.-H., Decelle, J., Romac, S. & Vaulot, D. 2017. ISME J. 11:512–28. 6 / 18

8. Mamiellophyceae Present everywhere in coastal waters, no obvious patterns. Tragin,

   M. & Vaulot, D. 2018. Sci. Rep. 8:14020. 7 / 18

9. Three major genera Tragin, M. & Vaulot, D. 2019. Sci.

   Rep. 9:5190. 8 / 18

10. Micromonas First picoplankton species described in 1952 M. pusilla (Chromulina

    pusilla) 1.5 µm Flagellum Butcher, R.W. 1952. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 31:175–91. 9 / 18

11. Micromonas First picoplankton species described in 1952 M. pusilla (Chromulina

    pusilla) 1.5 µm Flagellum Three more species recently described M. commoda M. bravo M. polaris Butcher, R.W. 1952. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 31:175–91. Simon, N., Foulon, E., Grulois, D., Six, C., Desdevises, Y., Latimier, M., Le Gall, F. et al. 2017. Protist. 168:612–35. 10 / 18

12. Micromonas First picoplankton species described in 1952 M. pusilla (Chromulina

    pusilla) 1.5 µm Flagellum Three more species recently described M. commoda M. bravo M. polaris Two "candidate" species sp. 1 sp. 2 Butcher, R.W. 1952. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 31:175–91. Simon, N., Foulon, E., Grulois, D., Six, C., Desdevises, Y., Latimier, M., Le Gall, F. et al. 2017. Protist. 168:612–35. 10 / 18

13. Bathycoccus Seen in natural samples in 1982 Isolated and described

    1990 by W. Eikrem 1.5 µm Covered by spider web scales 11 / 18

14. Bathycoccus Seen in natural samples in 1982 Isolated and described

    1990 by W. Eikrem 1.5 µm Covered by spider web scales One species: Bathycoccus prasinos Johnson, P.W. & Sieburth, J.M. 1982. J. Phycol. 18:318–27. Eikrem, W. & Throndsen, J. 1990. Phycologia. 29:344–50. 11 / 18

15. Ostreococcus Isolated and described in 1995 (Thau lagoon) The smallest

    photosynthetic eukaryote (0.8 µm) Genome deciphered in 2006 Now a biological model 12 / 18

16. Ostreococcus Isolated and described in 1995 (Thau lagoon) The smallest

    photosynthetic eukaryote (0.8 µm) Genome deciphered in 2006 Now a biological model Three described species and one un-named clade O. tauri O. mediterraneus O. "lucimarinus" clade B Chrétiennot-Dinet, M.-J., Courties, C., Vaquer, A., Neveux, J., Claustre, H., Lautier, J. & Machado, M.C. 1995. Phycologia. 34:285–92. 12 / 18

17. Metabarcodes: Nine clades/species M. pusilla M. commoda A1-A2 M. bravo

    B1-B2 M. polaris clades B3-B5 Micromonas Tragin, M. & Vaulot, D. 2019. Sci. Rep. 9:5190. 13 / 18

18. M. polaris only found in polar waters Micromonas 14 /

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19. M. polaris only found in polar waters B5 only found

    in tropical waters Micromonas Tragin, M. & Vaulot, D. 2019. Sci. Rep. 2019 14 / 18

20. Five clades: O. tauri O. mediterraneus O. "lucimarinus" clade B

    clade E Ostreococcus Tragin, M. & Vaulot, D. 2019. Sci. Rep. 9:5190. 15 / 18

21. Ostreococcus Clade E has no representative in culture. Tragin, M.

    & Vaulot, D. 2019. Sci. Rep. 9:5190. 16 / 18

22. Two different genomes Bathycoccus 17 / 18

23. Two different genomes Dispensable genes ? Bathycoccus Vannier, T., ...,

    Vaulot, D. et al. 2016. Sci. Rep. 6:37900. 17 / 18

24. Take home messages Micromonas very diversified tropical and polar species/clades

    Ostreococcus new clade never isolated restricted to temperate/tropical areas Bathycococcus cannot be distinguished at 18S level 2 species 18 / 18