Goddard ChipSat Talk

These are the slides from a talk I gave at an engineering colloquium at NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center

Transcript

1. Progress and Prospects MILLIMETER-SCALE SPACECRAFT Zachary Manchester Space Systems Design Studio Cornell University
2. WHAT ARE WE TALKING ABOUT? 2
3. •  Where we’ve been •  What we’re working on now •  Where we’re heading CHIPSAT HARDWARE 3
4. WHERE WE’VE BEEN Solar Cells Microcontroller Radio Chip Antenna 3.8 cm Energy Storage Capacitor DC-DC Power Converter 4
5. 5 Sprite  Spacecraft-­‐on-­‐a-­‐Chip   Imagine   integrating   all   of   the   subsystems   of   a   traditional   spacecraft  onto  a  single  chip  a  few  centimeters  across!     Current  prototypes  include  solar  cells,  energy  storage  capacitors,   microcontrollers,   and   radios   capable   of   communicating   with   ground   stations  from  low-­‐Earth  orbit.  
9. WHAT WE’RE WORKING ON NOW… 9
10. WHAT WE’RE WORKING ON NOW… 10
11. THE FUTURE… Solar Cells Radio Passive Components Microcontroller GPS Receiver Battery Dipole Antenna 11
12. •  Spacecraft scaling and dynamics •  Strength in numbers •  Mission concepts WHAT CAN WE DO WITH CHIPSATS? 12
13. SPACECRAFT SCALING 13 Symbol Meaning AD Aerodynamic Drag EC Eddy Current Drag GG Gravity Gradient GR General Relativity LZ Lorentz Force M Magnetism MT Magnetism - Torquer MR Magnetism – Residual Field Moon Lunar Gravity OB Earth Oblateness PA Planetary Albedo PC Particle Collisions PL Solar System Planetary Gravity PR Poynting-Robertson Drag SP Solar Pressure SR Special Relativity SW Solar Wind Sun Solar Gravity g Characteristic Length
14. CHIPSAT DYNAMICS 14
15. SOLAR SAILING 15
16. LORENTZ AUGMENTED ORBITS 16
17. PLASMA CHARGING EFFECTS 17 -100 V ~ 0V I+ e-
19. ATMOSPHERIC DRAG 19 8 cm! Aluminized CP-1! UHF center-fed dipole! 1 x 1 x 0.01 cm satellite-on-chip! ~ adrag = A m 1 2 Cd⇢v2ˆ v
20. ATMOSPHERIC ENTRY 20
21. STRENGTH IN NUMBERS 21
22. PROBABILITY OF SUCCESS Series Components Probability of Success 22
23. A NEW PARADIGM Probability of Success Number of ChipSats 23
24. •  Don’t think about individual ChipSats •  Manage the statistics of the cloud •  Use little or no closed-loop control •  Take advantage of environmental effects HOW DO WE PLAN MISSIONS? f(qi, ˙ qi, t) @f @t + @f @qi ˙ qi + @f @ ˙ qi ¨ qi = 0 @f @t µ r2 @f @ ˙ r + ˙ r @f @r + ˙ ✓ @f @✓ + ˙ @f @ = 0 24
25. •  2011 MD •  Near Earth Object (NEO) •  Passed within 12,000 km of Earth •  Diameter 10-50 meters •  Impact Mission •  Deploy ChipSats from a carrier spacecraft •  Maximize number that impact •  Survivors transmit sensor data to carrier ASTEROID IMPACT MISSION 25
26. ASTEROID POSITION KNOWLEDGE Range (km) Range Error (km) Angular Error (km) 26
27. CHIPSAT CLOUD DISTRIBUTION 27 Level Surface at Timpact : Level Surface at Deployment:
28. •  Calculate impact probabilities by integrating probability flux through asteroid surface •  Calculate confidence bounds by repeating for different trajectories and asteroid sizes •  Pimpact = 1.4% •  90% Confidence Interval 0.16% - 2.4% •  Impact Survival ASTEROID IMPACT 28
29. QUESTIONS? 29
30. Progress and Prospects MILLIMETER-SCALE SPACECRAFT Zachary Manchester Space Systems Design Studio Cornell University