Internet: A Series of Tubes

Transcript

1. Internet: A Series of Tubes https://unsplash.com/photos/ahi73ZN5P0Y

2. None

3. TELL ME … DO YOU EVEN?

4. None

5. RFC 1149: A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams

   on Avian Carriers

6. Semaphore Fire beacons Smoke signals

7. Heliograph Receiver Transmitter

8. Photophone

9. Lossy medium Only straight line

10. LASER = Amazing

11. Monochromatic Coherent

12. Fiber Optic

13. Jacket: 400 µm Buffer: 250 µm Cladding: 125 µm Core:

    8 µm

14. Total Internal Reflection Cladding n = 1.44681 Core n =

    1.45205 Attenuation (at 1550 nm) ~ 0.2 dB/km 1% remaining power after 62 miles
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17. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_TAT-14.png by Alexrk2 CC-BY-SA-3.0 3.2 Tb/s 2 routes (north, south)

    4 fiber pairs 40 channels of 10 Gb/s each

18. 3.2 Tb/s In One Second 8 Blueray discs

19. Modulations Frequency-shift Keying (FSK) Amplitude-shift Keying (ASK) Phase-shift Keying (PSK)

20. Wavelength-division Multiplexing MUX Single fiber DEMUX 100 GHz chanel spacing

    ~ 1550 nm 40 channels

21. Optical Impairments Chromatic Dispersion Polarization Mode Dispersion Cross Phase Modulation

    Four-Wave Mixing Polarization Dependent Loss

22. Even Higher Bitrate 10 Gb/s 100 Gb/s 200 Gb/s 31

    Tb/s over 7,200 km 155 channels × 200 Gb/s TAT-14: 0.4 Tb/s over 9,600 km 40 channels × 10 Gb/s 7.2 Tb/s over 6,500 km 80 channels × 100 Gb/s New fiber type 255 Tb/s over 1 km 50 channels × 5.1 Tb/s

23. “If I have seen further it is by standing on

    the shoulders of giants.” Isaac Newton