Internet: A Series of Tubes

0284b8950e0f4a57bcc092d4dbb98d97?s=47 Ariya Hidayat
May 04, 2016
Technology
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150

Internet: A Series of Tubes

Presented at WaffleJS meetup in San Francisco, May 4 2016.

From the perspective of photons that transport the information, whether it is a tweet, a picture, or a chat message, our Internet is mostly just a series of tubes.

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Ariya Hidayat

May 04, 2016
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Transcript

  1. 1.

    Internet: A Series of Tubes https://unsplash.com/photos/ahi73ZN5P0Y

  2. 2.
    None
  3. 3.

    TELL ME … DO YOU EVEN?

  4. 4.
    None
  5. 5.

    RFC 1149: A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams

    on Avian Carriers
  6. 6.

    Semaphore Fire beacons Smoke signals

  7. 7.

    Heliograph Receiver Transmitter

  8. 8.

    Photophone

  9. 9.

    Lossy medium Only straight line

  10. 10.

    LASER = Amazing

  11. 11.

    Monochromatic Coherent

  12. 12.

    Fiber Optic

  13. 13.

    Jacket: 400 µm Buffer: 250 µm Cladding: 125 µm Core:

    8 µm
  14. 14.

    Total Internal Reflection Cladding n = 1.44681 Core n =

    1.45205 Attenuation (at 1550 nm) ~ 0.2 dB/km 1% remaining power after 62 miles
  15. 15.
    None
  16. 16.
    None
  17. 17.

    http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_TAT-14.png by Alexrk2 CC-BY-SA-3.0 3.2 Tb/s 2 routes (north, south)

    4 fiber pairs 40 channels of 10 Gb/s each
  18. 18.

    3.2 Tb/s In One Second 8 Blueray discs

  19. 19.

    Modulations Frequency-shift Keying (FSK) Amplitude-shift Keying (ASK) Phase-shift Keying (PSK)

  20. 20.

    Wavelength-division Multiplexing MUX Single fiber DEMUX 100 GHz chanel spacing

    ~ 1550 nm 40 channels
  21. 21.

    Optical Impairments Chromatic Dispersion Polarization Mode Dispersion Cross Phase Modulation

    Four-Wave Mixing Polarization Dependent Loss
  22. 22.

    Even Higher Bitrate 10 Gb/s 100 Gb/s 200 Gb/s 31

    Tb/s over 7,200 km 155 channels × 200 Gb/s TAT-14: 0.4 Tb/s over 9,600 km 40 channels × 10 Gb/s 7.2 Tb/s over 6,500 km 80 channels × 100 Gb/s New fiber type 255 Tb/s over 1 km 50 channels × 5.1 Tb/s
  23. 23.

    “If I have seen further it is by standing on

    the shoulders of giants.” Isaac Newton