Physics Monograph 2015

Beamer of my Physics Monograph

Transcript

1. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions . ...... A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz Departamento de Física Universidad de los Andes May 22, 2015 Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
2. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. The purpose of this monograph is... Studying galaxies. How galaxies evolve. Understanding the processes occuring inside a galaxy. Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
3. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. Galaxies are... Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
4. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. Galaxies are... Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
5. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. Galaxies are... Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
6. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. Galaxies are... Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
7. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. Galaxies are... Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
8. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. How Galaxies evolve... Which factors are important? Gas becoming Stars: Star Formation Rate Stars affecting the Gas: Supernovae Feedback Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
9. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. Gas becoming Stars https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_h5ipCUUaE Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
10. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. Stars affecting the gas Some Stars explode in a Supernova Which are HUGE explosions Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
11. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. Quiz Which of the following would be brighter, in terms of the amount of energy delivered to your retina: Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
12. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. Quiz Which of the following would be brighter, in terms of the amount of energy delivered to your retina: A supernova, seen from as far away as the Sun is from the Earth Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
13. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. Quiz Which of the following would be brighter, in terms of the amount of energy delivered to your retina: A supernova, seen from as far away as the Sun is from the Earth The detonation of a hydrogen bomb pressed against your eyeball Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
14. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. Quiz Which of the following would be brighter, in terms of the amount of energy delivered to your retina: A supernova, seen from as far away as the Sun is from the Earth The detonation of a hydrogen bomb pressed against your eyeball Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
15. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. Quiz Which of the following would be brighter, in terms of the amount of energy delivered to your retina: A supernova, seen from as far away as the Sun is from the Earth The detonation of a hydrogen bomb pressed against your eyeball Answer: The supernova by nine orders of magnitude! Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
16. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. How Galaxies evolve... They are related Star Formation Rate Supernovae Feedback Generates Reduces Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
17. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. Outside Galaxies Galaxies form clusters Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
18. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. Outside Galaxies Clusters form filaments Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
19. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. Outside Galaxies Why? Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
20. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. A new kind of matter... The Universe is not dominated by regular (baryonic) matter because Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
21. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. Deuterium and Hydrogen Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
22. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. Cosmic Microwave Background Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
23. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. Bullet Cluster Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
24. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. A new kind of matter... Everything is explained if we assume the existence of Cold Dark Matter, which is: Dark (non-interacting with radiation) Cold (non-relativistic velocities) Interacting gravitationally Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
25. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. A new kind of matter... Cold Dark Matter merges into halos Which form the same filamentary structure! Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
26. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. A new kind of matter... We can study the evolution of halos as Merger Trees Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
27. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. A new kind of matter... Galaxies grow inside halos Satellite galaxies suffer dynamical friction Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
28. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. A new kind of matter... Eventually they merge Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
29. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. In summary... Star Formation Rate Supernovae Feedback Generates Reduces Dynamical Friction Adds gas Adds stars Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
30. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Galaxy Formation Structure of the Universe .. We want to... Change the behavior of Star Formation Rate Supernovae Feedback Dynamical Friction To see changes in Galaxies Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
31. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. Take everything into account Including all processes into a simulation is HARDTM Divide and conquer: Numerical part: Dark matter (The Skeleton) Analytic part: Formation processes (The Flesh) Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
32. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. Take everything into account Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
33. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. Do it fast, do it right We use Galacticus Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
34. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. The Skeleton We generated 20 merger trees, which are fixed With masses in the range of 1010 M⊙ and 1014 M⊙ Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
35. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. The Flesh Star Formation Rate ˙ Msfr = ˆ S Asfr (Σgas)N dS Supernovae Feedback ˙ Mout = fsfr ˙ E E0 We vary Asfr and fsfr Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
36. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. The Flesh Asfr up fsfr down 0.157 0.010 0.157 0.014 0.157 0.019 0.157 0.023 0.157 0.028 0.157 0.032 0.157 0.037 0.157 0.041 0.157 0.046 0.157 0.050 0.155 0.010 0.155 0.014 0.155 0.019 0.155 0.023 0.155 0.028 0.155 0.032 0.155 0.037 0.155 0.041 0.155 0.046 0.155 0.050 0.152 0.010 0.152 0.014 0.152 0.019 0.152 0.023 0.152 0.028 0.152 0.032 0.152 0.037 0.152 0.041 0.152 0.046 0.152 0.050 0.150 0.010 0.150 0.014 0.150 0.019 0.150 0.023 0.150 0.028 0.150 0.032 0.150 0.037 0.150 0.041 0.150 0.046 0.150 0.050 0.148 0.010 0.148 0.014 0.148 0.019 0.148 0.023 0.148 0.028 0.148 0.032 0.148 0.037 0.148 0.041 0.148 0.046 0.148 0.050 0.146 0.010 0.146 0.014 0.146 0.019 0.146 0.023 0.146 0.028 0.146 0.032 0.146 0.037 0.146 0.041 0.146 0.046 0.146 0.050 0.144 0.010 0.144 0.014 0.144 0.019 0.144 0.023 0.144 0.028 0.144 0.032 0.144 0.037 0.144 0.041 0.144 0.046 0.144 0.050 0.141 0.010 0.141 0.014 0.141 0.019 0.141 0.023 0.141 0.028 0.141 0.032 0.141 0.037 0.141 0.041 0.141 0.046 0.141 0.050 0.139 0.010 0.139 0.014 0.139 0.019 0.139 0.023 0.139 0.028 0.139 0.032 0.139 0.037 0.139 0.041 0.139 0.046 0.139 0.050 0.137 0.010 0.137 0.014 0.137 0.019 0.137 0.023 0.137 0.028 0.137 0.032 0.137 0.037 0.137 0.041 0.137 0.046 0.137 0.050 Turn friction on and off Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
37. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. Outside Galaxies 200 sets of parameters Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
38. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. Results We got information for the 20 galaxies with its satellites about: Stellar Mass Gas Mass Star Formation Rate Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
39. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. Results 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 Halo Mass (M ) 106 107 108 109 Gas Mass (M ) Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
40. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. Results 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 Halo Mass (M ) 106 107 108 109 1010 1011 Stellar Mass (M ) Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
41. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. Results 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 Halo Mass (M ) 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 Star Formation Rate (M Gyr−1 ) Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
42. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. Results 0.140 0.145 0.150 0.155 Asfr 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.040 0.045 0.050 fsnf 8.80 8.84 8.88 8.92 8.96 9.00 9.04 9.08 9.12 1e7 Figure : Gas Mass for a Halo of mass 3.43 × 109 M⊙ without friction Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
43. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. Results 0.140 0.145 0.150 0.155 Asfr 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.040 0.045 0.050 fsnf 8.80 8.84 8.88 8.92 8.96 9.00 9.04 9.08 1e7 Figure : Gas Mass for a Halo of mass 3.43 × 109 M⊙ with friction Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
44. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. Results 0.140 0.145 0.150 0.155 Asfr 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.040 0.045 0.050 fsnf 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 1e8 Figure : Gas Mass for a Halo of mass 1014 M⊙ without friction Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
45. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. Results 0.140 0.145 0.150 0.155 Asfr 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.040 0.045 0.050 fsnf 1.6 2.4 3.2 4.0 4.8 5.6 6.4 7.2 8.0 1e8 Figure : Gas Mass for a Halo of mass 1014 M⊙ with friction Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
46. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. Results To quantify the smoothness of each galactic quantity G we define its predicted value as GP i,j = Gi+1,j + Gi−1,j + Gi,j+1 + Gi,j−1 4 Then, we calculate P2 the mean squared difference between Gi,j and GP i,j P2 = 1 nsfr nsnf nsfr ∑ i=1 nsnf ∑ j=1 ( Gi,j − GP i,j ) 2 And its variance σ2 σ2 = 1 nsfr nsnf nsfr ∑ i=1 nsnf ∑ j=1 ( Gi,j − ¯ G )2 Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
47. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. Results Finally we define a measure on how non-smooth is G U = √ P2 σ2 When U > 1, local variations are greater than σ2 and G is unpredictable. When U < 1, local variations of G are not greater than σ2. G has a high predictability. Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
48. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. Results Figure : Random sample, U = 1.12 Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
49. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. Results Figure : Smooth Sample, U = 0.05 Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
50. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. Results 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 Halo Mass (M ) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 U (Star Formation Rate) Friction Satellites Mean Central Halos Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
51. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. Results 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 Halo Mass (M ) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 U (Star Formation Rate) No Friction Satellites Mean Central Halos Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
52. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. Results 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 Halo Mass (M ) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 U (Gas Mass) Friction Satellites Mean Central Halos Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
53. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. Results 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 Halo Mass (M ) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 U (Gas Mass) No Friction Satellites Mean Central Halos Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
54. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. Results 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 Halo Mass (M ) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 U (Stellar Mass) Friction Satellites Mean Central Halos Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
55. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Numerical Experiments .. Results 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 Halo Mass (M ) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 U (Stellar Mass) No Friction Satellites Mean Central Halos Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
56. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions For mases beyond 1013 M⊙ , the properties of galaxies vary smoothly in the absense of dynamical friction. Also, U < 1 in all cases for the central galaxies with masses greater than 1013 M⊙ . The satellite galaxies are more predictable than the central galaxies due to its merging process. Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies
57. ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . Introduction Semi-Analytic Approximation Conclusions Thanks! Christian Nicanor Poveda Ruiz A Semi-Analytic Approach to Formation Processes in Galaxies