Deep Carbon Observatory Year in Review 2017

This is a review of the findings and accomplishments of the Deep Carbon Observatory in 2017.

The Deep Carbon Observatory is a ten-year quest to:
• Discover the quantities, movements, forms, and origins of Earth’s
deep carbon
• Probe the secrets of volcanoes and diamonds, sources of natural
gas, and life’s deep limits and origins
• Report the known, unknown, and unknowable aspects of deep
carbon science in 2019

Transcript

1. Prepared  by  DCO  Secretariat  
3. Mission The Deep Carbon Observatory is a ten-year research program to discover the quantities, movements, forms, and origins of Earth’s deep carbon: Quantities How much carbon is stored in Earth? Where is it stored? Movements How does it move between and within reservoirs? Forms What are the forms of carbon at depth, both organic and inorganic? Origins What can deep carbon tell us about origins of life, Earth, and the Solar System? Credit:  Tobias  Fischer  
4. •  Carbon is the element of life •  Carbon-based fuels supply most of our energy •  Carbon-bearing molecules in the atmosphere play a major role in climate change •  Previous work has focused on oceans, atmosphere, and shallow crustal environments •  The interior may contain >90% of Earth’s carbon but our knowledge of the deep interior is limited Why Deep Carbon?
5. •  10-year research program launched in 2009 with seed funding from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation •  Over 1000 researchers, including more than 500 early career scientists, in approximately 50 countries •  Interdisciplinary scientific approach bridges multiple fields including geology, chemistry, biology, physics, and data science About DCO
6. Science Communities and Crosscutting Activities Data Science Field Studies Instrumentation Modeling & Visualization Deep Energy Deep Life Extreme Physics & Chemistry Reservoirs & Fluxes Science Communities Crosscutting Activities
7. DCO Groups and Teams DCO  Execu:ve  Commi=ee   Four  Scien:fic  Steering  Commi=ees   Extreme  Physics  and  Chemistry   Deep  Energy   Deep  Life   Reservoirs  and  Fluxes   Secretariat   Engagement  Team   Data  Science  Team   Cross-­‐Community   Groups  and  Teams   Science  Communi:es   Leadership   Synthesis  Group  2019   Task  Force  2020   Modeling  &  Visualiza:on  Forum  
8. Synthesis Activities 12-­‐day  field  expedi:on  Costa  Rica's   volcanic  arc  followed  by  integrated   sample  analysis  and  modeling   Uni:ng  deep  carbon  scien:sts  to   debate  and  arrive  at  a  consensus   regarding  the  most  important  carbon-­‐ related  reac:ons  on  Earth   Using  big  data  to  document  the   diversity  and  distribu:on  of  more   than  500  carbon  minerals  in  Earth’s   crust  and  upper  mantle   Integra:on  of  exis:ng   thermodynamic  models  of  magmas   (MELTS)  and  fluids  (DEW)   Three  upcoming  books  explore  deep   carbon  for  a  variety  of  audiences   Development  of  new  computa:onal   tools  needed  to  probe  and  visualize   carbon  transport  in  Earth  
10. Third DCO International Science Meeting •  Held at the University of St Andrews, Scotland in March 2017 •  Brought together more than 150 DCO members from all science communities and cross-cutting initiatives •  Meeting program included approximately 40 oral presentations, 90 poster presentations, and five workshops •  Emphasized and highlighted early career scientists throughout meeting ü  Community  building   ü  Synthesis  
11. 2017 Deep Energy Community Workshop •  Held at the University of California, Los Angeles on 13-14 January 2017 •  Organized by Deep Energy Community co-Chairs Ed Young and Isabelle Daniel •  Presentations included recent advances in energy-related deep carbon processes and results from experimental, field, and computational studies •  Workshop identified open questions on the formation of reduced forms of carbon and the ongoing transformation in Earth’s crust and uppermost mantle through biological and geological processes ü  Community  building   ü  Deep  Energy  
12. 2017 Deep Life Community Workshop •  Held in Edinburgh, Scotland after the Third DCO International Science Meeting in March 2017 •  Community members reviewed recent progress and provided input for the 2017 Deep Life proposal •  Included presentations, lightning talks, and breakout sessions Credit:  Gaetan  Borgonie   Credit:  John  Kirkpatrick   ü  Community  building   ü  Deep  Life  
13. 2017 EPC Community Workshop •  Extreme Physics and Chemistry Community workshop held at Arizona State University on 4-5 November 2017 •  Organized by EPC Community co-Chairs Craig Manning and Wendy Mao, and hosted by Everett Shock •  Included presentations on carbon at extreme conditions, future initiatives for EPC-related research, and a data hackathon ü  Community  building   ü  Extreme  Physics  and  Chemistry  
14. Deep Carbon Cycle Symposium in Hyderabad •  Held in Hyderabad, India on 7 December 2017 following the 54th Indian Geophysical Union Annual Convention •  Co-sponsored by India’s Council of Scientific and Industrial Research– National Geophysical Research Institute, the Indian Geophysical Union, and DCO •  Included presentations from representatives of each Science Community as well as local deep carbon researchers •  Expanded the DCO science network in India ü  Community  building  
15. Task Force 2020 Workshops •  Florence, Italy (19-20 April 2017) •  Focused on continuity of DCO databases, instrumentation, research consortia, and resources beyond 2020 •  Moscow, Russia (24-26 May 2017) •  Explored global geodynamical models: linking the large-scale dynamics of our planet to environmental and biological evolution Credit:  Sabin  Zahirovic   ü  Community  building  
16. DCO Executive Committee Meetings •  St Andrews, Scotland (22 March 2017) •  Held prior to the Third DCO International Science Meeting •  Addressed vision and goals for DCO’s synthesis phase and for deep carbon science post-2019 •  Davis, California (5-6 October 2017) •  Hosted by Louise Kellogg at the University of California, Davis •  Focused on DCO’s modeling and visualization efforts •  Included demos of UC Davis’ KeckCAVES and virtual reality technology ü  Community  building   ü  Synthesis   ü  Modeling  and  visualiza:on  
17. Deep Carbon Science Gordon Research Conference •  DCO is organizing the first Gordon Research Conference (GRC) on deep carbon science •  Will be held 17-22 June, 2018 at Bryant University •  All interested deep carbon researchers are encouraged to apply Applica:on  deadline:   20  May  2018   ü  Community  building   ü  Synthesis  
18. DCO at Goldschmidt 2017 •  DCO delegates presented over 150 papers at the annual Goldschmidt conference •  Several DCO members received prestigious awards: •  Eiji Ohtani – Harold Urey Award •  Shuhei Ono – Paul W Gast Lecture •  Kai-Uwe Hinrichs – CC Patterson Award •  Jill Banfield – VM Goldschmidt Award •  DCO co-sponsored a workshop on sample registration led by Kerstin Lehnert Credit:  Gäel  Kazaz/Goldschmidt   ü  Community  building  
19. DCO at AGU 2017 •  Held in New Orleans, Louisiana from 11-15 December 2017 •  DCO scientists gave over 100 poster and oral presentations •  Several DCO events and meetings of opportunity were held in conjunction with the Fall Meeting •  Two DCO researchers honored with Norman L. Bowen Award •  Craig Manning (University of California, Los Angeles) •  Bernard Marty (Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques y Géochimiques) ü  Community  building  
20. DCO at IAVCEI General Assembly •  General Assembly of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of Earth Interior (IAVCEI) •  Held in Portland, Oregon from 13-18 August •  Occurs every four years •  DCO Reservoirs and Fluxes Community members chaired and co-chaired several sessions •  Reservoirs and Fluxes Co-chair and SG2019 Chair Marie Edmonds received the 2017 Wagner Medal Credit:  IAVCEI   ü  Community  building  
21. Third DCO Early Career Scientist Workshop •  28 August – 2 September 2017 at Mt Etna, Italy •  Attended by more than 50 early career scientists from around the world Credit:  Peter  Barry   Credit:  Riikka  Kietäväinen   Credit:  Leonardo  Coppo   ü  Community  building   ü  Early  career  scien:sts   ü  Field  studies   ü  Synthesis  
22. 2017 DCO Emerging Leader Awards Alberto Vitale Brovarone Institut de Minéralogie et de Physique des Milieux Condensés, France Daniel Hummer Southern Illinois University, USA Taryn Lopez University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA ü  Community  building   ü  Early  career  scien:sts  
23. DCO Film Wins Goldschmidt Film Festival •  A DCO-produced film, Biology Meets Subduction, won first prize at the 2017 Goldschmidt Film Festival •  The film follows a group of DCO scientists during a 12-day sampling expedition in Costa Rica •  Members of the team participated in a panel Q&A session ü  Community  building   ü  Early  career  scien:sts   ü  Synthesis  
25. Crosscutting Activities INSTRUMENTATION   FIELD  STUDIES   DATA  SCIENCE   MODELING  AND   VISUALIZATION  
26. Oman Drilling Project: Core Retrieval •  Phase 1 drilling collected 1500 m of core •  Conducted from December 2016 to March 2017 •  Used diamond coring at four sites in the southeast end of the Samail Ophiolite complex •  Phase 2 drilling operations began in November 2017 and are scheduled to finish in March 2018 Credit:  Oman  Drilling  Project   Credit:  Oman  Drilling  Project   Credit:  Oman  Drilling  Project   ü  Field  studies   ü  Reservoirs  and  Fluxes   ü  Deep  Energy   ü  Deep  Life  
27. Oman Drilling Project: Core Logging on Chikyu •  Phase one core logging and analysis conducted on drilling vessel Chikyu •  Shipboard science party of 67 included six Omani trainees and logged core from 15 July to 15 September 2017 Credit:  Oman  Drilling  Project   Credit:  Oman  Drilling  Project   ü  Field  studies   ü  Reservoirs  and  Fluxes   ü  Deep  Energy   ü  Deep  Life  
28. Trail by Fire Expedition Results •  Conducted fieldwork in 2015/2016 and 2017 along the Nazca subduction zone using a Land Rover outfitted to become the world’s first mobile volcano observatory •  Resulted in initial suite of four papers in Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Bulletin of Volcanology, and Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research •  Team leader Yves Moussallam received a 2016 DCO Emerging Leader Award for this work Credit:  Trail  by  Fire   Credit:  Trail  by  Fire   ü  Field  studies   ü  Reservoirs  and  Fluxes  
29. Biology Meets Subduction •  In February 2017, 25 researchers from six countries met in San José, Costa Rica, for a 12-day sampling expedition across the Costa Rica volcanic arc •  Team included members of all four Science Communities •  Explored Costa Rican volcanic sites through the lenses of biology, chemistry, physics, and geology BIO LO G Y M EETS SU BD U CTIO N D EEP CA RBO N O BSERVATO RY CO STA RICA FEBRUA RY 2017 ü  Field  studies   ü  Early  career  scien:sts   ü  Synthesis  
30. Subduction controls the distribution and fragmentation of Earth’s tectonic plates Mallard C, Coltice N, Seton M, Müller RD, Tackley PJ NATURE July 2016 This study “opens the way to using convection simulations with plate-like behaviour to unravel how global tectonics and mantle convection are dynamically connected.” Modeling Plate Tectonics ü  Modeling  and  visualiza:on  
31. Deep Volatiles Keller and colleagues simulated the global carbon output from mid-ocean ridges using a recently developed model of carbon transport in the mantle. While their simulations match existing estimates of global carbon release, they find that the carbon that doesn’t erupt crystallizes along with deep water that behaves similarly, in a layer at the base of the lithosphere. Volatiles beneath mid-ocean ridges: Deep melting, channelised transport, focusing, and metasomatism Keller T, Katz RF, Hirschmann MM EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS April 2017 ü  Modeling  and  visualiza:on   ü  Reservoirs  and  Fluxes  
32. The relative abundances of resolved l2CH2 D2 and 13CH3 D and mechanisms controlling isotopic bond ordering in abiotic and biotic methane gases Young ED, Kohl IE, Sherwood Lollar B, Etiope G, Rumble III D, Li S, Haghnegahdar MA, Schauble EA, McCain KA, Foustoukos DI, Sutclife C, Warr O, Ballentine CJ, Onstott TC, Hosgormez H, Neubeck A, Marques JM, Pérez-Rodríguez I, Rowe AR, LaRowe DE, Magnabosco C, Yeung LY, Asha JL, Bryndzia LT GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA April 2017 Panorama Mass Spectrometer ü  Instrumenta:on   ü  Deep  Energy  
33. Network Analysis Network analysis can reveal patterns of occurrence and distribution that might otherwise be hidden. This paper received press coverage in 36 countries and 13 languages. Network Analysis of Mineralogical Systems Morrison SM, Liu C, Eleish A, Prabhu A, Li C, Downs RT, Golden JJ, Fox P, Hummer DR, Meyer MB, Hazen RM AMERICAN MINERALOGIST August 2017 ü  Data  science   ü  Synthesis   ü  Modeling  and  visualiza:on  
34. On the mineralogy of the “Anthropocene Epoch” Hazen RM, Grew ES, Origlieri MJ, Downs RT AMERICAN MINERALOGIST March 2017 Mineral Evolution An analysis led by DCO Executive Director Robert Hazen concludes that human industry and ingenuity has done more to diversify and distribute minerals on Earth than any development since the rise of oxygen over 2.2 billion years ago. ü  Data  science   ü  Synthesis  
36. Science Communities EXTREME  PHYSICS   AND  CHEMISTRY   DEEP  LIFE   DEEP  ENERGY   RESERVOIRS  AND   FLUXES  
37. Carbon at High P/T Under the high pressure and temperature conditions present in the deep mantle, carbonate molecules can reorganize so that the carbon carries an extra oxygen atom, forming a tetrahedral shape. The researchers detected two new compounds created at these extreme conditions, with one “tetracarbonate” having the potential to survive travel deep into the lower mantle, where it may play a role in diamond formation. Stability of iron-bearing carbonates in the deep Earth’s interior Cerantola V, Bykova E, Kupenko I, Merlini M, Ismailova L, McCammon C, Bykov M, Chumakov AI, Petitgirard S, Kantor I, Svitlyk V, Jacobs J, Hanfland M, Mezouar M, Prescher C, Rüffer R, Prakapenka V, Dubrovinsky L NATURE COMMUNICATIONS July 2017 Credit:  Valerio  Cernatola   ü  Extreme  Physics  and  Chemistry  
38. Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction of sp3 CaCO3 at lower mantle pressures Lobanov SS, Dong X, Martirosyan NS, Samtsevich AI, Stevanovic V, Gavryushkin PN, Litasov KD, Greenberg E, Prakapenka VB, Oganov AR, Goncharov AF PHYSICAL REVIEW B September 2017 Lobanov and colleagues were the first to experimentally demonstrate that calcium carbonate forms a more compact, tetrahedrally-coordinated structure at lower mantle pressure and temperature conditions. Carbon at High P/T ü  Extreme  Physics  and  Chemistry  
39. In this study, Jung-Fu Lin and colleagues use a new diamond anvil cell apparatus to probe the elastic properties of iron and magnesium carbonates at conditions of the lower mantle. Abnormal Elasticity of Single-Crystal Magnesiosiderite across the Spin Transition in Earth’s Lower Mantle Fu S, Yang J, Lin J-F PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS January 2017 Carbon at High P/T ü  Extreme  Physics  and  Chemistry  
40. Deep Hydrocarbons A new study finds that acetate dissolved in water can transform into the hydrocarbon isobutane at the high temperatures and pressures of subduction zones. Isobutane does not mix well with water, and instead forms an oily liquid that might migrate independently in the subduction zone environment. The discovery represents a novel source of deep hydrocarbons and a new way for carbon to move through the subsurface. Immiscible hydrocarbon fluids in the deep carbon cycle Huang F, Daniel I, Cardon H, Montagnac G, Sverjensky DA NATURE COMMUNICATIONS June 2017 ü  Extreme  Physics  and  Chemistry   ü  Deep  Energy  
41. Hydrogen-bearing iron peroxide and the origin of ultralow-velocity zones Liu J, Hu Q, Kim DY, Wu Z, Wang W, Xiao Y, Chow P, Meng Y, Prakapenka VB, Mao H-K, Mao WL NATURE November 2017 Core-Mantle Boundary ü  Extreme  Physics  and  Chemistry  
42. Earth in Formation: The volatile processes that shaped the composition of the planet Norris A, Wood B Hin RC, Coath CD, Carter PJ, Nimmo F, Lai YJ, Pogge von Strandmann PAE, Willbold M, Leinhardt ZM, Walter MJ, Elliott T Young, E (News and Views commentary) NATURE September 2017 Two papers explore the evidence for melting and vaporization of moderately volatile elements, like magnesium and silicon. Early Earth Volatiles NATURE.COM/NATURE 28 September 2017 £10 Vol. 549, No. 7673 Blood OUTLOOK CHEMISTRY NAVIGATING CHEMICAL SPACE How machine learning can help direct drug discovery PAGE 445 CANCER PROTON THERAPY Three routes to affordable treatment PAGE 451 NEURODEVELOPMENT MATERNAL INFLUENCE Mother’s gut bacteria linked to neural changes in offspring PAGES 466, 482 & 528 EARTH IN FORMATION The volatile processes that shaped the composition of the planet PAGES 461, 507 & 511 THE INTERNATIONAL WEEKLY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE ü  Extreme  Physics  and  Chemistry   ü  Reservoirs  and  Fluxes  
43. Spaceborne detection of localized carbon dioxide sources Schwander FM, Gunson MR, Miller CE, Carn SA, Eldering A, Krings T, Verhulst KR, Schimel DS, Nguyen HM, Crisp D, O’Dell CW, Osterman GB, Iraci LT, Podolske JR SCIENCE October 2017 This landmark paper reports the first detection of passive degassing of volcanic CO2 from space. Detecting CO2 from Space ü  Reservoirs  and  Fluxes  
44. Aiuppa and colleagues report on the novel use of LiDAR for measuring carbon dioxide from volcanoes remotely. New Advances in Dial-Lidar-Based Remote Sensing of the Volcanic CO2 Flux Aiuppa A, Fiorani L, Santoro S, Parracino S, D'Aleo R, Liuzzo M, Maio G, Nuvoli M FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE February 2017 Measuring Volcanic Emissions ü  Reservoirs  and  Fluxes  
45. Chiodini and colleagues present a model for unrest at Campi Flegrei, which perhaps could be applied to other large calderas, in which magmas reach a so-called critical degassing point (CDP). Magmas near the critical degassing pressure drive volcanic unrest towards a critical state Chiodini G, Paonita A, Aiuppa A, Costa A, Caliro S, De Martino P, Acocella V, Vandemeulebrouck J NATURE COMMUNICATIONS December 2016 Volcanic Degassing ü  Reservoirs  and  Fluxes  
46. Remobilization of crustal carbon may dominate volcanic arc emissions Mason E, Edmonds M, Turchyn AV SCIENCE July 2017 Carbon Cycling ü  Reservoirs  and  Fluxes  
47. Rise of Earth’s atmospheric oxygen controlled by efficient subduction of organic carbon Duncan M, Dasgupta R NATURE GEOSCIENCE April 2017 Carbon Cycling Duncan and Dasgupta propose that subduction was a key process in the efficient, long-term storage of reduced carbon. Using high-temperature and high-pressure experiments combined with thermodynamic models, they looked back in time to model how carbon burial would impact atmospheric oxygen levels. ü  Reservoirs  and  Fluxes   ü  Extreme  Physics  and  Chemistry  
48. Le Voyer and colleagues analyzed basalt samples from the equatorial mid-Atlantic ridge that contained previously unstudied tiny magmatic inclusions. Analysis showed that these inclusions had trapped their original carbon content before being erupted on the seafloor. Heterogeneity in mantle carbon content from CO2-undersaturated basalts Le Voyer M, Kelley KA, Cottrell E, Hauri EH NATURE COMMUNICATIONS January 2017 Credit:  Marion  Le  Voyer   Melt Inclusions ü  Reservoirs  and  Fluxes  
49. Timmerman and colleagues investigated mineral inclusions within diamonds from Botswana. Their analysis suggests that carbon exchange and deposition may have changed significantly over the past 2.5 billion years. Dated eclogitic diamond growth zones reveal variable recycling of crustal carbon through time Timmerman S, Koornneef JM, Chinn IL, Davies GR EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS April 2017 Diamond Inclusions Credit:  Michael  Gress   ü  Reservoirs  and  Fluxes  
50. Vitale Brovarone and colleagues studied rock samples from the Lanzo Massif in the Western Alps. Their analysis shows that deep serpentinization reactions can generate methane at rates that are comparable to shallow serpentinization environments. Massive production of abiotic methane during subduction evidenced in metamorphosed ophicarbonates from the Italian Alps Vitale Brovarone A, Martinez I, Elmaleh A, Compagnoni R, Chaduteau C, Ferraris C, Esteve I NATURE COMMUNICATIONS February 2017 Methane Formation ü  Deep  Energy  
51. Methane Formation Kietäväinen and colleagues investigated factors that control methane formation at two sites in Finland: the Outokumpu Deep Drill Hole and the Pyhäsalmi copper-zinc mine, which both extend about 2.5 kilometers into Precambrian bedrock. Abiotic and biotic controls on methane formation down to 2.5 km depth within the Precambrian Fennoscandian Shield Kietäväinen R, Ahonen L, Niinikoski P, Nykänen H, Kukkonen IT GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA April 2017 Credit:  Arto  Pullinen   ü  Deep  Energy  
52. Confinement Effects on Carbon Dioxide Methanation: A Novel Mechanism for Abiotic Methane Formation Le T, Striolo A, Turner CH, Cole DR SCIENTIFIC REPORTS August 2017 Using computational simulations, Le and colleagues investigate the impact of tiny pores on the generation of abiotic methane in the subsurface. The simulations suggest pores’ confinement effects make it more likely that methane-forming reactions will occur. Abiotic Methane ü  Deep  Energy  
53. Genomic variation in microbial populations inhabiting the marine subseafloor at deep-sea hydrothermal vents Anderson RE, Reveillaud J, Reddington E, Delmont TO, Eren AM, McDermott JM, Seewald JS, Huber JA NATURE COMMUNICATIONS October 2017 Researchers investigated how microbes are evolving within two adjacent but geochemically distinct hydrothermal vents, collecting samples and sequencing DNA to create a metagenome. Their analysis showed that the two vents were experiencing different evolutionary pressures. Life at Extreme Conditions Credit:  NOAA  Okeanos  Explorer  Program   ü  Deep  Life  
54. Authors examined chimneys in Prony Bay that are still in the process of forming in order to identify the first organisms that colonize them. They detected filamentous bacteria, which serve as scaffolding for the chimneys, and likely live on organic compounds present in the vent fluids. Mineralizing Filamentous Bacteria from the Prony Bay Hydrothermal Field Give New Insights into the Functioning of Serpentinization-Based Subseafloor Ecosystems Pisapia C, Gérard E, Gérard M, Lecourt L, Lang SQ, Pelletier B, Payri CE, Monnin C, Guentas L, Postec A, Quéméneur M, Erauso G, Ménez B FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY January 2017 Deep Life ü  Deep  Life  
55. Deep Life Wang and colleagues report an improved method for detecting and quantifying Bathyarchaeota in the environment, which detects a wider variety of Bathyarchaeota subgroups than previously possible and that can help uncover relationships between abundance and environmental conditions. High occurrence of Bathyarchaeota (MCG) in the deep-sea sediments of South China Sea quantified using newly designed PCR primers Yu T, Liang Q, Niu M, Wang F ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS May 2017 ü  Deep  Life  
56. Serpentinization-Influenced Groundwater Harbors Extremely Low Diversity Microbial Communities Adapted to High pH Twing KI, Brazelton WJ, Kubo MDY, Hyer AJ, Cardace D, Hoehler TM, McCollom TM, Schrenk MO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY March 2017 Deep Life Twing and colleagues describe the geochemical factors affecting microbial communities at seven wells drilled into the freshwater aquifer within serpentinite rocks at the Coast Range Ophiolite Microbial Observatory. Credit:  Melitza  Crespo-­‐Medina   Credit:  Ma=hew  Schrenk     ü  Deep  Life  
57. Evidence for early life in Earth’s oldest hydrothermal vent precipitates Dodd MS, Papineau D, Grenne T, Slack JF, Rittner M, Pirajno F, O’Neil J, Little CTS NATURE March 2017 Origins of Life Dodd and colleagues describe microfossils discovered in the Nuvvuagittuq belt in Quebec, Canada. These ancient fossils are similar in appearance to fossils of filamentous microbes in younger rocks as well as cells in modern hydrothermal vent environments. The researchers also provide isotopic and mineral evidence supporting a biological origin of these structures. Credit:  Ma=hew  Dodd   ü  Deep  Life  
58. The new origins of life: Did volcanic hot springs harbor the first living organisms? Van Kranendonk MJ, Deamer D, Djokic T SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN August 2017 “A system of volcanic pools and hot springs on land has the needed ingredients for life and wet-dry cycles for interaction and natural selection. A land-based volcanic origins theory, in contrast to an ocean-focused one, guides us to different places in the solar system to search for life there.” Origins of Life ü  Deep  Life   ü  Extreme  Physics  and  Chemistry  
60. 2019 as “Year of Carbon” •  Geological Society of London (GSL) designated 2019 as the “Year of Carbon” •  A continuation of themed years which launched in 2015 •  May include research conferences, public lectures, and educational initiatives •  Aligns with DCO’s effort to synthesize and integrate knowledge of deep carbon by 2019 ü  Synthesis   ü  Engagement  
61. DCO Webinar Wednesdays •  New series of DCO webinars focused on big data modeling and visualization launched in May 2017 •  All streamed live and archived on YouTube ü  Engagement  
62. DCO Wikipedia Visiting Scholar •  Andrew Newell selected as the DCO Wikipedia Visiting Scholar •  Newell is a geophysicist at North Carolina State University •  Also a long-time Wikipedia editor – more than 28,500 edits to the site under the username RockMagnetist •  Will help improve the coverage of deep carbon science topics on Wikipedia ü  Engagement  
63. Earth in Five Reactions •  The Earth in Five Reactions project will identify and use five reactions as central themes to synthesize and disseminate deep carbon knowledge •  Officially launched at Third DCO International Science Meeting •  A community-wide survey conducted in spring 2017 gathered information on most important carbon-related reactions •  Workshop will be held in March 2018 in Washington, DC ü  Synthesis  
64. Mineral Evolution Museum Exhibit in Vienna •  A new mineral evolution exhibit opened at the Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria in April 2017 •  Inspired by the work of DCO Executive Director Robert Hazen •  The exhibit will become part of the museum's permanent collection ü  Synthesis     ü  Engagement  
65. Media Coverage •  BBC interviewed Robert Hazen for radio and online to discuss his work on the mineralogical record of the anthropocene epoch ü  Engagement  
66. Media Coverage •  Hazen’s work on the mineralogy of the anthropocene was also picked up by The Washington Post, Scientific American, and Der Spiegel ü  Engagement  
67. Media Coverage •  Mineral evolution and big data also hit the headlines in August 2017, showcasing how we can now predict Earth’s missing minerals ü  Engagement  
68. Selected 2017 Media Outlets ü  Engagement  
70. 2018 Challenges ü  Program  management   1.  Developing Cross-Community & Science Community proposals: Secretariat Modeling and Visualization Forum Engagement Team Science Communities Data Science Team Synthesis 2.  Encouraging open access publications 3.  Improving recognition of deep carbon science 4.  Progressing toward modeling and visualization goals 5.  Progressing toward synthesis goals 6.  Progressing toward post-2019 goals
71. 2018 Priorities ü  Program  management   •  Promoting synthesis across DCO •  Achieving DCO's Decadal Goals through its Science Communities and crosscutting activities •  Setting the stage for deep carbon science beyond 2019 •  Seeing success as transformation
72. Metrics and Milestones Participation number and depth of involved researchers, early career scientists, diversity Proposals and commitments funding, samples Partnerships professional societies (e.g., AGU), private sector (e.g., Shell), educators/communicators (e.g., Smithsonian Institution) Program management decadal goals, Executive Committee meetings and action items, annual reporting, archiving Research Outputs protocols, observations, papers, talks, workshops Engagement responsiveness, reputation and identity, news sharing, media interest Data science deposition of data, easy retrieval, visualizations Results and outcomes monitoring systems, DCO imitation, covers of journals, promotions, honors ü  Program  management  
73. DCO Policy on Respect •  Introduced in December 2017 •  Posted on the DCO website •  Will be displayed prominently at DCO meetings and events and distributed to event organizers “The Deep Carbon Observatory is a multidisciplinary organization comprising members with diverse professional backgrounds, genders, ages and ethnicities. It is expected that every DCO member will treat other members, staff, and everyone that they meet with courtesy, respect and professionalism at all times. DCO meetings and field excursions should be positive experiences for all. DCO does not tolerate unprofessional conduct, discrimination, intimidation or sexual harassment. Any incident that runs contrary to the DCO culture of collegiality and this Policy on Respect should be reported immediately to a member of the DCO Leadership.” ü  Program  management  
74. Deep carbon science advances through the collective efforts of many organizations including: Organizations Supporting DCO Science ü  Program  management