Participation in public affairs such as political and policy advocacy Civic capacity Civic engagement skills, time, resources, etc. Resource effects Benefits, payments, and incentives to participate Payments, goods, & services Feedback effects
of governance Power of social groups Interest groups Social movements Political agendas & policy problems Perceptions of target populations Problem definitions Constituents Feedback effects
citizen groups’ investment in future politics and policy making? How can citizens’ views about, and participation in, government be explained by their interactions with government agencies? How do the resources and rules of a past policy help explain the relative engagement of different social groups, thereby shaping the design of subsequent policies?