1600, was one of the first joint-stock companies, allowing multiple investors to pool funds for exploration, trade, and colonization. Shares could be bought and sold, enabling the company to raise substantial capital from a broader base of investors. This model laid the groundwork for modern corporations, demonstrating how collective investment could finance large-scale operations. Origins in the East India Company (untill 2000s) The success of companies like the East India Company led to the establishment of stock exchanges, such as the London Stock Exchange in 1801. These markets facilitated the buying and selling of shares, allowing companies to raise funds from public investors. The concept of limited liability emerged, protecting investors’ personal assets and encouraging more people to invest in corporate ventures. moreover The Industrial Revolution saw the rise of many new corporations in sectors like manufacturing, railroads, and shipping. Companies increasingly turned to public offerings to raise capital for expansion and innovation. Initial public offerings (IPOs) became a popular method for companies to access large amounts of funding while offering investors the potential for significant returns. Persona Age: 22 Oliver grew up in New York City, where he developed a passion for technology and entrepreneurship. He has a strong interest in developing innovative solutions that can have a positive social impact. Background: Motivation for ISM: Oliver wants to create an app that connects local volunteers with non-profit organizations in need of help. He aims to raise funds for development, marketing, and community outreach. Oliver sees ISM as a way to validate his idea and engage potential users from the start. Major: Computer Science Personality Traits: Ambitious, tech-savvy, and community-oriented. Oliver is an effective communicator and enjoys networking with like- minded individuals to collaborate on projects Preferred Platforms: Oliver prefers using platforms like GoFundMe or Indiegogo, as they allow for personal storytelling and easier sharing of his vision within his network. ISM Goals: Raise $15,00 Build a user base ©Kafka-FZCO 2010s ISM(Individual Security Market) History of Fundraising Cloudfunding Behind the scenes of crowdfunding, Web3/Crypto, which established a new economic sphere from the 2010s, will mark an epoch in the 2020s. DeFi has enabled various UX, such as X2E and SocialFi, and as a result, it has enabled ISM(Individual Security Markets) such as Rally and friend.tech. However, they all ended in failure. The reasons for this are the same as for the failures of memecoin and X2E, and are the products of hype without substance.The question, therefore, is how to overcome these obstacles and make the ISM horizon a reality. The trend of Web3 and cryptocurrency(2020s) About ISM The first signs of the rise of ISM (2010s) The advent of technology and the internet has revolutionized fundraising with the rise of crowdfunding platforms like Kickstarter and Indiegogo. These platforms allow individuals to raise small amounts of money from a large number of people, democratizing access to capital and fostering innovation at all levels.Therefore, crowdfunding bridged the orientation of fundraising from JSC to ISM. 2010s 2020s 2000s untill