論文紹介: On the Limitations of Unsupervised Bilingual Dictionary Induction

0OUIF-JNJUBUJPOTPG 6OTVQFSWJTFE  #JMJOHVBM%JDUJPOBSZ*OEVDUJPO "OEFST4HBBSE 4FCBTUJBO3VEFS *WBO7VMJ㶛  ʢ"$-ʣ ঺հখொݚ.উຢஐ

֓ཁ w -BNQMFFUBMʹΑͬͯVOTVQFSWJTFE.5͕஫໨ΛूΊ͍ͯΔ  ˠͦ͜ͰఏҊ͞Εͨख๏͸VOTVQFSWJTFEBMJHONFOUPGXPSE FNCFEEJOHʹΑΔCJMJOHVBMEJDUJPOBSZJOEVDUJPO #%*   $POOFBVFUBM Λجʹ͍ͯ͠Δ
w ͜ͷ࿦จ͸$POOFBVFUBM͕ͲͷΑ͏ͳঢ়گͰ্ख͘ߦ͘ͷ͔ Λ෼ੳ͍ͯ͠Δ w $POOFBVFUBMͷख๏ʹରͯ͠XFBLTVQFSWJTJPOTJHOBMΛೖ Εͯͪΐͬͱਫ਼౓Λ্͕Δ͜ͱΛࣔͨ͠ w ̎ͭͷNPOPMJOHVBMXPSEFNCFEEJOH͔Βग़དྷ্͕Δ CJMJOHVBMEJDUJPOBSZͷੑೳΛධՁ͢ΔNFUSJDΛఏҊ !2 8PSE5SBOTMBUJPO8JUIPVU1BSBMMFM%BUB$POOFBVFUBM *$-3  6OTVQFSWJTFE.BDIJOF5SBOTMBUJPO6TJOH.POPMJOHVBM$PSQPSB0OMZ-BNQMFFUBM *$-3

֓ཁ w -BNQMFFUBMʹΑͬͯVOTVQFSWJTFE.5͕஫໨ΛूΊ͍ͯΔ  ˠͦ͜ͰఏҊ͞Εͨख๏͸VOTVQFSWJTFEBMJHONFOUPGXPSE FNCFEEJOHʹΑΔCJMJOHVBMEJDUJPOBSZJOEVDUJPO #%*   $POOFBVFUBM Λجʹ͍ͯ͠Δ
w ͜ͷ࿦จ͸$POOFBVFUBM͕ͲͷΑ͏ͳঢ়گͰ্ख͘ߦ͘ͷ͔ Λ෼ੳ͍ͯ͠Δ w $POOFBVFUBMͷख๏ʹରͯ͠XFBLTVQFSWJTJPOTJHOBMΛೖ Εͯͪΐͬͱਫ਼౓Λ্͕Δ͜ͱΛࣔͨ͠ w ̎ͭͷNPOPMJOHVBMXPSEFNCFEEJOH͔Βग़དྷ্͕Δ CJMJOHVBMEJDUJPOBSZͷੑೳΛධՁ͢ΔNFUSJDΛఏҊ !3 8PSE5SBOTMBUJPO8JUIPVU1BSBMMFM%BUB$POOFBVFUBM *$-3  6OTVQFSWJTFE.BDIJOF5SBOTMBUJPO6TJOH.POPMJOHVBM$PSQPSB0OMZ-BNQMFFUBM *$-3 1ISBTF#BTFE/FVSBM 6OTVQFSWJTFE.BDIJOF5SBOTMBUJPO-BNQMFFUBM &./-1Ͱ΋  ʢ4.5ଆͰʣ͜ͷख๏Λ࢖༻͍ͯ͠Δ

$POOFBVFUBM " ͦΕͧΕͷNPOPMJOHVBMXPSEFNCFEEJOHTΛ࡞੒ʢ੺&OHMJTIɺ੨*UBMJBOʣ # 9ͷFNCFEEJOHTΛ:ͷFNCFEEJOHTTQBDF΁ඈ͹͢Α͏ʹ8Λ BEWFSTBSJBMʹֶश͢Δ  ʢ89ͱ:ΛEJTDSJNJOBUFɺ8͸͜ΕΛGPPM͢ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δʣ $ ߴස౓ͳ୯ޠΛBODIPSͱͯ͠ɺ௚ߦϓϩΫϥεςε෼ੳΛ༻͍ͯɺ8Λ
SFpOFNFOU͍ͯ͘͠ % ͋Δ୯ޠʹରͯ͠ɺ΋͏Ұํͷݴޠۭ͔ؒΒۙ๣୯ޠΛ୳͢  ͜ͷ࣌ͷڑ཭͸ɺDPTྨࣅ౓ϕʔεͰIVCOFTTΛܰݮͯ͠ܭଌ͢Δ !4 ˢͷਤ͸8PSE5SBOTMBUJPO8JUIPVU1BSBMMFM%BUB$POOFBVFUBM *$-3ΑΓҾ༻

SFpOFNFOU͍ͯ͘͠ % ͋Δ୯ޠʹରͯ͠ɺ΋͏Ұํͷݴޠۭ͔ؒΒۙ๣୯ޠΛ୳͢  ͜ͷ࣌ͷڑ཭͸ɺDPTྨࣅ౓ϕʔεͰIVCOFTTΛܰݮͯ͠ܭଌ͢Δ !5 .POPMJOHVBMXPSEFNCFEEJOHTHSBQIT͸  ۙࣅతJTPNPSQIJDͰ͋Δͱ͍͏Ծఆʹج͍͍ͮͯΔ  ʢ.JLPMPWFUBM#BSPOF;IBOHFUBM$POOFBVFUBMʣ

SFpOFNFOU͍ͯ͘͠ % ͋Δ୯ޠʹରͯ͠ɺ΋͏Ұํͷݴޠۭ͔ؒΒۙ๣୯ޠΛ୳͢  ͜ͷ࣌ͷڑ཭͸ɺDPTྨࣅ౓ϕʔεͰIVCOFTTΛܰݮͯ͠ܭଌ͢Δ !6 ஫8͸௚ߦߦྻ ˣͷࣜͰJUFSBUJWFMZʹ8Λߋ৽͍ͯ͘͠

ͪΐͬͱͨ͠ڭࢣ৴߸ΛೖΕΔͱʜ w $POOFBVFUBMͷख๏ʹରͯ͠XFBLTVQFSWJTJPO TJHOBMΛೖΕΔ͜ͱͰͪΐͬͱྑ͘ͳΔͷͰ͸ͳ͍͔ w ۩ମత  XFBLTVQFSWJTJPOTJHOBMݴޠؒͰද૚͕ಉҰͳ୯ޠ  ˢΛઌ΄ͲͷSFpOFNFOUεςοϓ࣌ͷTFFEࣙॻͱ͠ ͯϓϩΫϥεςε෼ੳΛߦ͏ w
஫ҙMFNNBUJ[BUJPOͱ͔͸ߦΘͣɺ  ׬શʹͦͷ··ͷঢ়ଶͰ୯ޠͷද૚Λݟ͍ͯΔ !7

*TPNPSQIJTNʹؔ͢Δʢఆੑతʣ෼ੳ $POOFBVFUBMͷख๏͸ɺ  ෳ਺ݴޠͷNPOPMJOHVBMXPSEFNCFEEJOHͷάϥϑʹ͓͍ͯɺͦΕͧΕۙࣅత ʹJTPNPSQIJDͰ͋Δ͜ͱʹཱ٭͍ͯ͠Δ  ˠຊ౰ʹJTPNPSQIJDͬΆ͍ͷ͔ௐ΂ͨʂʢ͓ؾ͚࣋ͪͩڞ༗ͯ͠΋Β͑Ε͹ʣ ۩ମతʹ͸&O%Fͷස౓্Ґޠʹؔͯ͠ɺ  FNCFEEJOHΛ࢖༻͠ɺۙ๣άϥϑΛ࡞੒ͯ͠ఆੑతʹௐ΂ͨ !8

*TPNPSQIJTNʹؔ͢Δʢఆੑతʣ෼ੳ $POOFBVFUBMͷख๏͸ɺ  ෳ਺ݴޠͷNPOPMJOHVBMXPSEFNCFEEJOHͷάϥϑʹ͓͍ͯɺͦΕͧΕۙ ࣅతʹJTPNPSQIJDͰ͋Δ͜ͱʹཱ٭͍ͯ͠Δ  ˠຊ౰ʹJTPNPSQIJDͬΆ͍ͷ͔ௐ΂ͨʂ ۩ମతʹ͸&O%Fͷස౓্Ґޠʹؔͯ͠ɺ  FNCFEEJOHΛ࢖༻͠ɺۙ๣άϥϑΛ࡞੒ͯ͠ఆੑతʹௐ΂ͨ !9 ස౓্Ґͷ/PVOʹݶΕ͹JTPNPSQIJDʹݟ͑ΔͷͰ͸ʁ  ˠˣ🤔ˣ

άϥϑͷྨࣅ౓ˠ#%*ͷਫ਼౓ʁ NPOPMJOHVBMXPSEFNCFEEJOHTͷάϥϑ͸ݴޠʹΑΒͣ JTPNPSQIJDʜͬͯ͜ͱ͸ͳͦ͞͏  ˠάϥϑͷྨࣅ౓ʹΑͬͯ#JMJOHVBM%JDUJPOBSZ*OEVDUJPO #%* ͷਫ਼౓͕Θ͔Δͱخ͍͠ͷͰ͸ʁ ۩ମతάϥϑ͔Β-BQMBDJBOFJHFOWBMVFTΛٻΊɺάϥϑؒͷ JTPTQFDUSBM౓߹͍Λάϥϑͷྨࣅ౓ͱͯ͠࢖༻͢Δ  ʢJTPNPSQIJD㱺JTPTQFDUSBM͸੒Γཱ͕ͭɺٯ͸੒Γཱͨͳ͍ͷͰ݁ߏࡶͳ͜ͱΛ͍ͯ͠Δ఺ʹ஫ҙʣ
!10 (SBQI  ݻ༗஋ λ11 λ12 (SBQI λ21 λ22 ϶

άϥϑͷྨࣅ౓ͷٻΊํ ۩ମతάϥϑ͔Β-BQMBDJBOFJHFOWBMVFTΛٻΊɺάϥϑؒͷ JTPTQFDUSBM౓߹͍Λάϥϑͷྨࣅ౓ͱͯ͠࢖༻͢Δ !11 L2 : graph2 L1 : graph1
֤άϥϑͰɺݻ༗஋Λɺ߹ܭͯ͠શମͷҎԼͷ৚݅ͰɺݸऔΓग़͢  ʢ͔Βݸɺ͔ΒݸऔΕΔʣɺͱͯ͠ɺ    ҎԼͷΑ͏ʹ֤ݻ༗஋ͷࠩ෼Λूੵ͢Δ ˠ͜ͷूੵͨࠩ͠෼Λάϥϑؒͷྨࣅ౓ͱ͢Δ  ʢ஋͕খ͍͞ํ͕ྨࣅ౓͕େ͖͍ʣ L1 k1 L2 k2 ki k = min(k1 , k2 ) Δ = k ∑ i=1 (λ1i − λ2i ) 2 k = min j ∑k i=1 λji ∑n i=1 λji > 0.9 ઌ΄Ͳͷྫͩͱ  L

ࠓճௐ΂Δ಺༰ w $POOFBVFUBMͷख๏্͕ख͍͘͘ઃఆɺ͍͔ͳ͍ઃఆΛௐ΂͍ͨ w <ݴޠతಛ௃>EFQFOEFUNBSLJOHͰ͸ͳ͍ݴޠʹ͍ͭͯ௥Ճ࣮ݧ  ˢ$POOFBVFUBM͸ɺ΄ͱΜͲEFQFOEFOUNBSLJOHͷݴޠʹ͍࣮ͭͯݧΛ͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊ w <σʔλͷಛ௃>NPOPMJOHVBMDPSQPSBͷEPNBJOΛม͑ͨ  ˢ$POOFBVFUBM͸ɺ8JLJQFEJBΛ࢖༻ɺDPNQBSBCMFͳঢ়گͷͨΊ w
<FNCFEEJOHͷಛ௃>4(/4ͱ$#08ɺϋΠύʔύϥϝʔλʹΑΔੑೳͷมԽ  ˢ$POOFBVFUBM͸ɺݴޠؒͰಉ͡ϋΠύʔύϥϝʔλʹ͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊ w <࣍ݩͷಛ௃>FNCFEEJOHTQBDFͷ࣍ݩΛখͨ͘͞͠Γͨ͠ w <UFTUͷ୯ޠͷಛ௃>ධՁ࣌ʹ࢖༻͢Δ୯ޠͰɺ্ख͍͖͘΍͍͢୯ޠͱ͍͔ͳ͍ ୯ޠʹ͍ͭͯɺ104ͳͲʹ஫໨ͯ͠෼ੳͨ͠ !12

࣮ݧઃఆ w λεΫ#JMJOHVBM%JDUJPOBSZ*OEVDUJPO  TSDଆͷ୯ޠΛ/݅༻ҙ͢Δ  DSPTTMJOHVBMTQBDF͔ΒରԠ͢Δ  UHUଆͷ୯ޠΛ୳ͯ͘͠Δ  Ͱݟ͚ͭͨ୯ޠͱHPMEΛൺֱͯ͠ɺ  ߹͍ͬͯΔ͔Ͳ͏͔Λௐ΂ΔʢධՁ1SFDJTJPOBUʣ w XPSEFNCFEEJOHTGBTU5FYU 
ઃఆ4(/4 XJOEPX DIBS@OHSBN EJN !13 $POOFBVFUBM 5IJTXPSL -BOHVBHFT  &OHMJTIUP 'SFODI (FSNBO $IJOFTF 3VTTJBO 4QBOJTI 4QBOJTI &TUPOJBO &5 'JOOJTI '* (SFFL &- )VOHBSJBO )6 1PMJTI 1- 5VSLJTI 53

࣮ݧର৅ͷݴޠͷಛੑ·ͱΊ શવࣅͯͳ͍ʜ

ݴޠͷಛ௃ʹ͍ͭͯ w 6OTVQFSWJTFE$POOFBVFUBMͷख๏  4VQFSWJTFEද૚ಉҰ୯ޠΛڭࢣ৴߸ͱͨ͠ख๏  4JNJMBSJUZάϥϑྨࣅ౓ʢখ͍͞΄Ͳྨࣅ౓େʣ w &/\&5 '* &-^͸શવͰ͖ͳ͍ʜˡશવࣅͯͳ͍ݴޠର  &5'*ͩͬͨΒͪΐͬͱͰ͖Δ
!15 ݴޠతˠσʔλˠFNCFEEJOHˠ࣍ݩˠ୯ޠ

ݴޠతˠσʔλˠFNCFEEJOHˠ࣍ݩˠ୯ޠ σʔλͷಛ௃ʹ͍ͭͯ w &1&VSP1BSM7  8JLJ8JLJQFEJB  &.&"NFEJDBMEPNBJO w &/\&4 '* )6^
w BDEPNBJOTJNJMBSJUZ  EGڭࢣ৴߸͋Γ  HG$POOFBVFUBM w ஫ҙ  ֤ίʔύεͷαΠζ͸  .TFOUTͰ౷Ұ  ʢXJLJ͸ઌ΄ͲΑΓখ͍͞ʣ w $POOFBVFBBMͷख๏͸  σʔλ͕ἧΘͳ͍ͱશવμϝ !16

FNCFEEJOHͷಛ௃ʹ͍ͭͯ w &/&4Ͱ࣮ݧ w &/ଆ͸  4(/4ɺXJOEPXɺDIBSOHSBNͰݻఆ w &4͸ҎԼΛม͑ͨ  XJOEPX  DIBSOHSBN 
BMHPSJUIN<4(/4 $#08> w ͪΐͬͱͨ͠ϋΠύʔύϥϝʔλͷมԽ  ˠͦ͜·ͰӨڹͳ͠ w 4(/4ˠ$#08  ˠશવμϝʜ !17 ݴޠతˠσʔλˠFNCFEEJOHˠ࣍ݩˠ୯ޠ

࣍ݩͷಛ௃ʹ͍ͭͯ w ઌ΄Ͳ·ͰEJN  ˠEJNͷFNCFEEJOHͰ΋΍ͬͯΈͨ w &/\&5 '* &-^Ͱͪΐͬͱ  ྑ͘ͳ͍ͬͯΔ w
EJNͩͱNPOPMJOHVBM  XPSEFNCFEEJOH͕  &5 '* &-ͷ௝͍͠ಛ௃ʹ  PWFSpU͍ͯ͠Δ͔Βʁ w EJNͰͷ౰ͨΓํʢ104ͱ͔ʣ  ͸Έ͍ͨ !18 EJN EJN &/&4 &/&5 &/'* &/&- &/)6 &/1- &/53 ݴޠతˠσʔλˠFNCFEEJOHˠ࣍ݩˠ୯ޠ

5FTUͷ୯ޠͷಛ௃ʹ͍ͭͯ w ධՁ࣌ʹ࢖༻͢Δ୯ޠͷ104ɺස౓ɺJEFOUJDBMXPSET ʹ͍ͭͯ !19 ݴޠతˠσʔλˠFNCFEEJOHˠ࣍ݩˠ୯ޠ

άϥϑͷྨࣅ౓ͱ݁Ռͷ૬ؔ w ૬ؔ͸͋ͬͨ  ˠNPOPMJOHVBMXPSEFNCFEEJOH͑͞࡞͓͚ͬͯ͹ɺ ग़དྷ্͕ΔCJMJOHVBMEJDUJPOBSZͷྑ͞Λ͋Δఔ౓ݟੵ΋ Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ !20

·ͱΊ w ڭࢣͳ͠#JMJOHVBM%JDUJPOBSZ*OEVDUJPOɺಛʹ $POOFBVFUBMʹΑΔख๏͕ͲͷΑ͏ͳঢ়گͰ্ख͍͘ ͘ͷ͔Λௐ΂ͨ w άϥϑͷྨࣅ౓߹͍ͱCJMJOHVBMEJDUJPOBSZͷੑೳʹ૬ؔ ͕͋ͬͨ  ˠࣅ͍ͯΔํ͕͍͍Μͩͳ͊ w
ͪΐͬͱͨ͠ڭࢣ৴߸ΛೖΕͯ΋ಉ͘͡Β͍͔৔߹ʹΑͬ ͯ͸ͪΐͬͱྑ͍ͬͯ݁Ռʹͳͬͨ !21

ࢀߟจݙ w 1SPDSVTUFTBOBMZTJT  IUUQHWIBUFCMPKQFOUSZ w "$-Ͱͷൃදಈը  IUUQTWJNFPDPN w ͜ͷεϥΠυதʹ͓͚Δ$POOFBVFUBM  8PSE5SBOTMBUJPOXJUIPVU1BSBMMFM%BUB$POOFBVFUBM
  *$-3 w .POPMJOHVBMXPSEFNCFEEJOHT͕JTPNPSQIJDͰ͋Δ͜ͱʹؔ࿈͢Δ࿦จ  &YQMPJUJOH4JNJMBSJUJFTBNPOH-BOHVBHFTGPS.BDIJOF5SBOTMBUJPO.JLPMPWFUBM BS9JW  5PXBSET$SPTTMJOHVBM%JTUSJCVUFE3FQSFTFOUBUJPOTXJUIPVU1BSBMMFM5FYU5SBJOFEXJUI"EWFSTBSJBM "VUP&ODPEFST#BSPOF 8PSLTIPQPO3FQSFTFOUBUJPO-FBSOJOHGPS/-1  "EWFSTBSJBM5SBJOJOHGPS6OTVQFSWJTFE#JMJOHVBM-FYJDPO*OEVDUJPO;IBOHFUBM "$- !22

論文紹介: On the Limitations of Unsupervised Biling...

論文紹介: On the Limitations of Unsupervised Bilingual Dictionary Induction

Satoru Katsumata

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0OUIF-JNJUBUJPOTPG 6OTVQFSWJTFE  #JMJOHVBM%JDUJPOBSZOEVDUJPO "OEFST4HBBSE 4FCBTUJBO3VEFS WBO7VMJ㶛  ʢ"$-ʣ ঺հখொݚ.উຢஐ

֓ཁ w -BNQMFFUBMʹΑͬͯVOTVQFSWJTFE.5͕஫໨ΛूΊ͍ͯΔ  ˠͦ͜ͰఏҊ͞Εͨख๏͸VOTVQFSWJTFEBMJHONFOUPGXPSE FNCFEEJOHʹΑΔCJMJOHVBMEJDUJPOBSZJOEVDUJPO #%*   $POOFBVFUBM Λجʹ͍ͯ͠Δ

֓ཁ w -BNQMFFUBMʹΑͬͯVOTVQFSWJTFE.5͕஫໨ΛूΊ͍ͯΔ  ˠͦ͜ͰఏҊ͞Εͨख๏͸VOTVQFSWJTFEBMJHONFOUPGXPSE FNCFEEJOHʹΑΔCJMJOHVBMEJDUJPOBSZJOEVDUJPO #%*   $POOFBVFUBM Λجʹ͍ͯ͠Δ

$POOFBVFUBM " ͦΕͧΕͷNPOPMJOHVBMXPSEFNCFEEJOHTΛ࡞੒ʢ੺&OHMJTIɺ੨*UBMJBOʣ # 9ͷFNCFEEJOHTΛ:ͷFNCFEEJOHTTQBDF΁ඈ͹͢Α͏ʹ8Λ BEWFSTBSJBMʹֶश͢Δ  ʢ89ͱ:ΛEJTDSJNJOBUFɺ8͸͜ΕΛGPPM͢ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δʣ $ ߴස౓ͳ୯ޠΛBODIPSͱͯ͠ɺ௚ߦϓϩΫϥεςε෼ੳΛ༻͍ͯɺ8Λ

$POOFBVFUBM " ͦΕͧΕͷNPOPMJOHVBMXPSEFNCFEEJOHTΛ࡞੒ʢ੺&OHMJTIɺ੨*UBMJBOʣ # 9ͷFNCFEEJOHTΛ:ͷFNCFEEJOHTTQBDF΁ඈ͹͢Α͏ʹ8Λ BEWFSTBSJBMʹֶश͢Δ  ʢ89ͱ:ΛEJTDSJNJOBUFɺ8͸͜ΕΛGPPM͢ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δʣ $ ߴස౓ͳ୯ޠΛBODIPSͱͯ͠ɺ௚ߦϓϩΫϥεςε෼ੳΛ༻͍ͯɺ8Λ

$POOFBVFUBM " ͦΕͧΕͷNPOPMJOHVBMXPSEFNCFEEJOHTΛ࡞੒ʢ੺&OHMJTIɺ੨*UBMJBOʣ # 9ͷFNCFEEJOHTΛ:ͷFNCFEEJOHTTQBDF΁ඈ͹͢Α͏ʹ8Λ BEWFSTBSJBMʹֶश͢Δ  ʢ89ͱ:ΛEJTDSJNJOBUFɺ8͸͜ΕΛGPPM͢ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δʣ $ ߴස౓ͳ୯ޠΛBODIPSͱͯ͠ɺ௚ߦϓϩΫϥεςε෼ੳΛ༻͍ͯɺ8Λ

ͪΐͬͱͨ͠ڭࢣ৴߸ΛೖΕΔͱʜ w $POOFBVFUBMͷख๏ʹରͯ͠XFBLTVQFSWJTJPO TJHOBMΛೖΕΔ͜ͱͰͪΐͬͱྑ͘ͳΔͷͰ͸ͳ͍͔ w ۩ମత  XFBLTVQFSWJTJPOTJHOBMݴޠؒͰද૚͕ಉҰͳ୯ޠ  ˢΛઌ΄ͲͷSFpOFNFOUεςοϓ࣌ͷTFFEࣙॻͱ͠ ͯϓϩΫϥεςε෼ੳΛߦ͏ w

άϥϑͷྨࣅ౓ͷٻΊํ ۩ମతάϥϑ͔Β-BQMBDJBOFJHFOWBMVFTΛٻΊɺάϥϑؒͷ JTPTQFDUSBM౓߹͍Λάϥϑͷྨࣅ౓ͱͯ͠࢖༻͢Δ !11 L2 : graph2 L1 : graph1

࣮ݧઃఆ w λεΫ#JMJOHVBM%JDUJPOBSZ*OEVDUJPO  TSDଆͷ୯ޠΛ/݅༻ҙ͢Δ  DSPTTMJOHVBMTQBDF͔ΒରԠ͢Δ  UHUଆͷ୯ޠΛ୳ͯ͘͠Δ  Ͱݟ͚ͭͨ୯ޠͱHPMEΛൺֱͯ͠ɺ  ߹͍ͬͯΔ͔Ͳ͏͔Λௐ΂ΔʢධՁ1SFDJTJPOBUʣ w XPSEFNCFEEJOHTGBTU5FYU

࣮ݧର৅ͷݴޠͷಛੑ·ͱΊ શવࣅͯͳ͍ʜ

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FNCFEEJOHͷಛ௃ʹ͍ͭͯ w &/&4Ͱ࣮ݧ w &/ଆ͸  4(/4ɺXJOEPXɺDIBSOHSBNͰݻఆ w &4͸ҎԼΛม͑ͨ  XJOEPX  DIBSOHSBN

࣍ݩͷಛ௃ʹ͍ͭͯ w ઌ΄Ͳ·ͰEJN  ˠEJNͷFNCFEEJOHͰ΋΍ͬͯΈͨ w &/\&5 '* &-^Ͱͪΐͬͱ  ྑ͘ͳ͍ͬͯΔ w

5FTUͷ୯ޠͷಛ௃ʹ͍ͭͯ w ධՁ࣌ʹ࢖༻͢Δ୯ޠͷ104ɺස౓ɺJEFOUJDBMXPSET ʹ͍ͭͯ !19 ݴޠతˠσʔλˠFNCFEEJOHˠ࣍ݩˠ୯ޠ

άϥϑͷྨࣅ౓ͱ݁Ռͷ૬ؔ w ૬ؔ͸͋ͬͨ  ˠNPOPMJOHVBMXPSEFNCFEEJOH͑͞࡞͓͚ͬͯ͹ɺ ग़དྷ্͕ΔCJMJOHVBMEJDUJPOBSZͷྑ͞Λ͋Δఔ౓ݟੵ΋ Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ !20

·ͱΊ w ڭࢣͳ͠#JMJOHVBM%JDUJPOBSZ*OEVDUJPOɺಛʹ $POOFBVFUBMʹΑΔख๏͕ͲͷΑ͏ͳঢ়گͰ্ख͍͘ ͘ͷ͔Λௐ΂ͨ w άϥϑͷྨࣅ౓߹͍ͱCJMJOHVBMEJDUJPOBSZͷੑೳʹ૬ؔ ͕͋ͬͨ  ˠࣅ͍ͯΔํ͕͍͍Μͩͳ͊ w

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