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Web Push Notifications
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Olga
June 22, 2017
Programming
1
280
Web Push Notifications
Slides for my talk at Fluent Conf, San Jose, June 22, 2017
Olga
June 22, 2017
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Transcript
None
Web Push Notifications Olga Petrova Software Engineer @ Sencha
What You Will Learn • Definition & Concept • Implementation
• Framework API • State of Specifications & Browser support
Definition & Concept
Web Push Notifications Gives web applications the ability to receive
messages pushed to them from a server at any time
Target Engage users with urgent and relevant notifications and motivate
them to return to the application
Commercial Value • Increase user engagement • Increase web app
value • Replace a native app with a web app
Web Push + page/browser is inactive/closed - encryption - message
size/count limit - requires display of a notification - active web page + no encryption + no message size/count limit + no notification display required Web Sockets + real-time communication vs
Implementation
5 Players WebApp Service Worker Browser Push Server App Server
Web Push Message Encryption for Web Push Voluntary Application Server
Identification for Web Push Push API Specifications Notification API WebApp Service Worker Browser Push Server App Server
Round 1: Service Worker Registration WebApp Service Worker Browser Push
Server App Server Register ServiceWorkerRegistration Page Load
Round 1: ServiceWorker Registration if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) { if
('PushManager' in window) { navigator.serviceWorker.register('ServiceWorker.js').then(function(registration) { //state initializing }); .catch(function() { //error handling }); } else { //error handling } } else { //error handling } WebApp
Round 2: Subscription WebApp Service Worker Browser Push Server App
Server Subscribe PushSubscription Subscribe push subscription save PushSubscription User is ready to subscribe
Round 2: Subscription navigator.serviceWorker.ready.then(function(registration) { registration.pushManager.subscribe({ userVisibleOnly: true, applicationServerKey: urlBase64ToUint8Array('...')
}) .then(function(subscription) { // The subscription was successful savePushSubscription(subscription); }) .catch(function(e) { //error handling }); }); WebApp
Round 2: Permission Request WebApp Notification.requestPermission().then(function(result) { if (result!== 'granted')
{ //handle permissions deny } });
Round 2: Subscription reg.pushManagerpushManager.subscribe({ userVisibleOnly: true, applicationServerKey: new Uint8Array([...]) });
WebApp
Round 2: Subscription Object interface PushSubscription { readonly attribute endpoint;
// "https://{push_server_url}/{user_identifier}", function getKey(); //auth - authentication secret //p256dh - key for encrypting messages }; WebApp
Round 3: Push Message WebApp Service Worker Browser Push Server
App Server push message push message push message Something urgent and relevant happened
Round 3: Push Message POST /{user_identifier} HTTP/1.1 Host: {push_server_url} TTL:
15 Content-Type: text/plain;charset=utf8 Content-Length: 36 {encrypted_message} AppServer
Round 3: Additional Headers POST /{user_identifier} HTTP/1.1 Host: {push_server_url} Content-Type:
text/plain;charset=utf8 Content-Length: 36 Prefer: respond-async TTL: 15 Urgency: high Topic: upd {encrypted_message} AppServer
Round 3: Message Encryption POST /{user_identifier} HTTP/1.1 Host: {push_server_url} Content-Type:
text/plain;charset=utf8 Content-Length: 36 Prefer: respond-async TTL: 15 Urgency: high Topic: upd {encrypted_message} AppServer
Round 3: Encryption Library https://github.com/web-push-libs/web-push AppServer
Round 3: Voluntary Identification AppServer POST /{user_identifier} HTTP/1.1 Host: {push_server_url}
TTL: 15 Content-Length: 136 Authorization: Bearer eyJ0eXAi... Crypto-Key: p256ecdsa=BA1Hxzy... {encrypted_message}
Round 3: Voluntary Identification JWT = { "aud": "https://{push_server_url}", "exp":
1453341205, "sub": "{application_server_email}" } AppServer
Round 3: Push Message self.addEventListener('push', function(event) { var data =
event.data.json(); event.waitUntil(self.registration.showNotification(data.title, { body: data.body, icon: data.icon, tag: data.tag })); }); ServiceWorker
Round 3: Handle Notification self.addEventListener('notificationclick', function(event) { event.notification.close(); event.waitUntil(clients.openWindow('http://mywebsite.com')); });
ServiceWorker
Round 3: Notifications with Actions self.registration.showNotification(data.title, { body: data.body, actions:
[ { action: 'ok', title: 'Yes' }, { action: 'decline', title: 'No' } ] }); … self.addEventListener('notificationclick', function(event) { if (event.action == 'ok') { // do something } }); ServiceWorker
Round 3: Notification Close self.addEventListener('notificationclose', function(event) { //do something });
ServiceWorker
Round 3: Handle Notification if (focused) { clients.forEach(function(client){ client.postMessage({ message:
data.message }); }); } else { return self.registration.showNotification(data.title, { body: data.message }); } ServiceWorker
Round 4: Unsubscription WebApp Service Worker Browser Push Server App
Server unsubscribe OK unsubscribe OK remove PushSubscription User wants to unsubscribe
Round 4: Unsubscription registration.pushManager.getSubscription().then(function(subscription) { if (subscription) { return subscription.unsubscribe().then(function(successful)
{ removePushSubscription(subscription); }).catch(function(e) { //error handling }); } }) .catch(function(error) { //error handling }) WebApp
Additional Round: Subscription Expiration WebApp Service Worker Browser Push Server
App Server Subscription is about to expire
Additional Round: Subscription Expiration self.addEventListener('pushsubscriptionchange', function(registration, newSubscription, oldSubscription) { removePushSubscription(oldSubscription);
savePushSubscription(newSubscription); }); ServiceWorker
Framework API
Framework API • PushNotification singleton • Methods: • .subscribe(message, applicationServerKey):
Promise • .unsubscribe(): Promise • Events: • beforeNotificationShow(notification, data) • beforeNotificationClose • afterNotificationClose • subscriptionExpired(oldSubscription, newSubscription)
State of Specifications & Browser Support
State of Specifications Specification State Push API Working draft Notification
API Living standard HTTP Web Push Proposed standard Push Message Encryption protocol Internet-draft VAPID protocol Internet-draft
Browser Support Browser Desktop Mobile Chrome Yes Yes Firefox Yes
Yes Edge Beta Beta Safari Yes No Opera Yes Yes IE No No
Next Steps Using Web Push Notifications will push browser vendors
to implement this feature. Try it in your apps. Ask me questions: I’ll be at the Sencha Booth #913 Contact me: @tyoushe