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CSS, LESS, & The New UI
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Matthew Osborn
June 29, 2015
Technology
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CSS, LESS, & The New UI
A brown bag on using CSS and LESS
Matthew Osborn
June 29, 2015
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Transcript
CSS, LESS, & THE NEW UI PART I
BOX MODEL
ELEMENTS INLINE BLOCK
ELEMENTS SPAN H[1-‐6] DIV A ARTI CLE SECTION P
I HEADE R BUTTON NAV INPUT STRONG OL CODE UL FORM PRE DD TABLE LI
ELEMENTS SPAN H[1-‐6] DIV A ARTI CLE SECTION P
I HEADE R BUTTON NAV INPUT STRONG OL CODE UL FORM PRE DD TABLE LI
ELEMENTS SPAN H[1-‐6] DIV A ARTI CLE SECTION P
I HEADE R BUTTON NAV INPUT STRONG OL CODE UL FORM PRE DD TABLE LI
SELECTORS ELEMENT CLASS ID ATTRIBUTE PSEUDO-‐CLASS
HIERARCHY
ELEMENT P { background-‐color: #ebebeb; margin: 10px 0
10px 0; } div, Section { background: #fff; padding: 10px 0; } Article { padding: 10px; }
CLASS .foo { background-‐color: #ebebeb; margin: 10px 0
10px 0; } div.foo { background: #fff; padding: 10px 0; } .foo.bar { padding: 10px; }
ID #foo { background-‐color: #ebebeb; margin: 10px 0
10px 0; } div#foo { background: #fff; padding: 10px 0; } #foo.bar { padding: 10px; }
HIERARCHY div .foo { background-‐color: #ebebeb; margin: 10px
0 10px 0; } div > foo { background: #fff; padding: 10px 0; } #foo + .bar { padding: 10px; }
ATTRIBUTE div[required] { background-‐color: #ebebeb; margin: 10px 0
10px 0; } #foo[placeholder=‘bar’] { background: #fff; padding: 10px 0; } .foo[placeholder~=‘bar’] { padding: 10px; }
PSEUDO CLASS div:hover { background-‐color: #ebebeb; margin: 10px
0 10px 0; } #foo:visited { background: #fff; padding: 10px 0; } .foo:last-‐child { padding: 10px; }
SPECIFICITY STYLE ATTRIBUTE ID CLASS, PSEUDO,
ATTRIBUTE ELEMENT MOST LEAST
s impler emantic maller s s
<style> .rounded {
padding: 10px; position: relative; } .rounded-‐top-‐left, .rounded-‐top-‐right, .rounded-‐bottom-‐left, .rounded-‐bottom-‐right { height: 10px; position: absolute; width: 10px; } .rounded-‐top-‐left { background-‐image: url(../images/topleft.gif); left: 0; top: 0; } .rounded-‐top-‐right { background-‐image: url(../images/topright.gif); right: 0; top: 0; } .rounded-‐bottom-‐left { background-‐image: url(../images/bottomleft.gif); bottom: 0; left: 0; } .rounded-‐bottom-‐left { background-‐image: url(../images/bottomright.gif); bottom: 0; left: 0; } </style> <div> <div class="rounded-‐top-‐left"></div> <div class="rounded-‐top-‐right"></div> <p>Rounded Corners</p> <div class="rounded-‐bottom-‐left"></div> <div class="rounded-‐bottom-‐right"></div> </div> <style> .rounded { border-‐radius: 10px; } </style> <p class="rounded"> Rounded corners </p> 47 lines 9 lines
<script> $(function () { $("input[type=text]").each(function
() { $(this).val(this.title); $(this).addClass("placeholder"); }); $("input[type=text]").focus(function () { if ($(this).val() === this.title) { $(this).val = ""; $(this).removeClass("placeholder"); } }); $("input[type=text]").blur(function () { if ($(this).val() === "") { $(this).val(this.title); $(this).addClass("placeholder"); } }); }); </script> <form action="/stuff" method="post"> <input type="text" name="value" title="Value" /> <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> </form> <form action="/stuff" method="post"> <input type="text" name="value" placeholder="Value" /> <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> </form> 1 path 5 paths
<div class="header"> <div id="nav">
<ul> <li><a href="#">Link</a></li> <li><a href="#">Link</a></li> <li><a href="#">Link</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="page-‐body"> <div class="post"> <p>Some Content</p> </div> <div id="ads">Ad</div> </div> <div id="footer"> © </div>
<header> <nav> <ul>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li> <li><a href="#">Link</a></li> <li><a href="#">Link</a></li> </ul> </nav> </header> <section> <article> <p>Some Content</p> </article> <aside>Ad</aside> </section> <footer> © </footer> fixed
COMP > CODE REVIEW ALL THE COMPS WRITE THE
HTML WRITE THE STYLES
COMP > CODE LOOK AT ALL STATES LOOK FOR
COMMOM BITS LOOK TRANSITIONS
COMP > CODE PRESEVRE RELATIONSHIPS LESS IS MORE
VIEW WITH NO STYLING
COMP > CODE LESS IS MORE AS VAGUE AS
POSSIBLE
HANDS ON LAB
CSS, LESS, & THE NEW UI PART II
HANDS ON LAB
SPECIFICITY STYLE ATTRIBUTE ID CLASS, PSEUDO,
ATTRIBUTE ELEMENT MOST LEAST
SPECIFICITY STYLE ATTRIBUTE ID CLASS, PSEUDO,
ATTRIBUTE ELEMENT UL
SPECIFICITY STYLE ATTRIBUTE ID CLASS, PSEUDO,
ATTRIBUTE ELEMENT UL 1
SPECIFICITY 0001 1 UL
SPECIFICITY STYLE ATTRIBUTE ID CLASS, PSEUDO,
ATTRIBUTE ELEMENT .foo
SPECIFICITY STYLE ATTRIBUTE ID CLASS, PSEUDO,
ATTRIBUTE ELEMENT .foo 1
SPECIFICITY 0010 1 .foo
SPECIFICITY STYLE ATTRIBUTE ID CLASS, PSEUDO,
ATTRIBUTE ELEMENT ul#foo
SPECIFICITY STYLE ATTRIBUTE ID CLASS, PSEUDO,
ATTRIBUTE ELEMENT ul#foo 1 1
SPECIFICITY 0101 1 ul#foo 1
SPECIFICITY body div ul#foo li.bar ul#foo li#baz
SPECIFICITY body div ul#foo li.bar ul#foo li#baz
114 212
SPEED ID CLASS TAG UNIVERSAL FAST
SLOW
SPEED #main-‐navigaRon body.home #page-‐wrap
.main-‐navigaRon ul li a.current ul ul li a * #content [Rtle='home'] ID ID Class Class Tag Tag Universal Universal
SPEED RIGHT TO LEFT
SPEED #main-‐nav > li
SPEED #main-‐nav > li ALL li ELEMENTS DECENDENTS
OF #main-‐nav
SPEED #foo #bar ul#baz a
SPEED #foo #bar ul#baz a EXTREMELY SLOW COULD
BE HARD TO OVERRIDE
FLOAT & POSITION
FLOAT float: right;
POSITION top: 0; right: 0;
FLOAT VS POSITION
FLOAT
POSITION
LESS SYNTAX VARIBLES FUNCTIONS MIXINS CALCULATIONS
NESTING IMPORTS
LESS SYNTAX /* NESTING */ #header {
color: red; a { text-‐decoration: none; } } /* GENERATED CSS */ #header { color: red; } #header a { text-‐decoration: none; }
LESS SYNTAX /* NESTING CONT’N */ #header {
a { text-‐decoration: none; &:hover { color: blue; } } } /* GENERATED CSS */ #header a { text-‐decoration: none; } #header a:hover { color: blue; }
LESS SYNTAX /* VARIBLES */ @nice-‐blue: #5B83AD;
@light-‐blue: @nice-‐blue + #111; #header { color: @light-‐blue; } /* GENERATED CSS */ #header { color: #6c94be; }
LESS SYNTAX /* FUNCTIONS */ .box-‐shadow(@style, @c) when
(iscolor(@c)) { -‐webkit-‐box-‐shadow: @style @c; -‐moz-‐box-‐shadow: @style @c; box-‐shadow: @style @c; } #header { .box-‐shadow(0 0 0 5px, #000); } /* GENERATED CSS */ #header { -‐webkit-‐box-‐shadow: 0 0 0 5px #000000; -‐moz-‐box-‐shadow: 0 0 0 5px #000000; box-‐shadow: 0 0 0 5px #000000; }
LESS SYNTAX /* IMPORTS */ @import “foo.less”
@import “bar.css” @import “baz.cshtml” /* COMMENT */ * CSS is also valid less * Depending on conversion client can request and file that returns valid less.
LESS SYNTAX lesscss.org less2css.org
HANDS ON LAB