Nuclear Power

In the middle of the Fukushima disaster, I thought it was important to educate a bit fellow students about the ins and outs of nuclear power, to oppose the mainstream media alternating terror and ridiculous assertions.

Transcript

1. Nuclear power Fabien Brossier Matti Schneider
2. Nuclear Power I. Technology II. Opportunities III. Risks
3. I. Nuclear technology
4. History: research
5. History: research • 1896: Becquerel discovers radioactivity
6. History: research • 1896: Becquerel discovers radioactivity • 1903: Pierre & Marie Curie get a Nobel prize
7. History: research • 1896: Becquerel discovers radioactivity • 1903: Pierre & Marie Curie get a Nobel prize • 1942: Manhattan project
8. U235 Fission reaction
9. U235 n Fission reaction
10. 2 to 3 neutrons fission product fission product Fission reaction
11. 2 to 3 neutrons fission product fission product E = mc2 Fission reaction
12. 2 to 3 neutrons fission product fission product energy E = mc2 Fission reaction
13. History: usage
14. History: usage • 1945: Little Boy & Fat Man
15. History: usage • 1945: Little Boy & Fat Man • 1951: EBR-1 produces 100 kW
16. History: usage • 1945: Little Boy & Fat Man • 1951: EBR-1 produces 100 kW • 1954: Obninsk produces 5 MW
17. U235 Chain reaction
18. Chain reaction
19. Chain reaction
20. Chain reaction
21. Usage of the reaction
22. Usage of the reaction •Military
23. Usage of the reaction •Military •chain reaction
24. Usage of the reaction •Military •chain reaction •as much energy as possible on the shortest time
25. Usage of the reaction •Military •chain reaction •as much energy as possible on the shortest time •boom.
26. Usage of the reaction •Military •chain reaction •as much energy as possible on the shortest time •boom. •Civilian
27. Usage of the reaction •Military •chain reaction •as much energy as possible on the shortest time •boom. •Civilian •controlled reaction
28. Usage of the reaction •Military •chain reaction •as much energy as possible on the shortest time •boom. •Civilian •controlled reaction •generate electricity
29. Usage of the reaction •Military •chain reaction •as much energy as possible on the shortest time •boom. •Civilian •controlled reaction •generate electricity •…boil water
30. Nuclear reactor
31. Nuclear reactor
32. II. Opportunities
33. Fuel
34. Fuel Uraninite, or “Pitchblende”
35. Fuel “Yellowcake” Uranium dioxyde Uraninite, or “Pitchblende”
36. Fuel “Yellowcake” Uranium dioxyde Uraninite, or “Pitchblende” Fuel pellets
37. Fuel “Yellowcake” Uranium dioxyde Uraninite, or “Pitchblende” Fuel pellets Fuel rods
38. Fuel “Yellowcake” Uranium dioxyde Uraninite, or “Pitchblende” Fuel pellets Fuel rods Assembly
39. Fuel
40. Fuel
41. Fuel comparison
42. Fuel comparison 1 kg uranium
43. Fuel comparison 10 T oil 1 kg uranium
44. Fuel comparison 10 T oil 14 T coal 1 kg uranium
45. Renewables
46. Renewables • 1 GW: one standard nuclear reactor
47. Renewables • 1 GW: one standard nuclear reactor • several reactors in a plant
48. Renewables • 1 GW: one standard nuclear reactor • several reactors in a plant • ~ 6000 wind turbines
49. Renewables • 1 GW: one standard nuclear reactor • several reactors in a plant • ~ 6000 wind turbines • ~ 10 km2 of solar panels
50. Renewables • 1 GW: one standard nuclear reactor • several reactors in a plant • ~ 6000 wind turbines • ~ 10 km2 of solar panels • lots of research in renewables
51. Production 2007 worldwide production (~214 plants) Thermal Hydraulic Renewables Nuclear
52. Production 2007 worldwide production (~214 plants) 67!% Thermal Hydraulic Renewables Nuclear
53. Production 2007 worldwide production (~214 plants) 16!% 67!% Thermal Hydraulic Renewables Nuclear
54. Production 2007 worldwide production (~214 plants) 3!% 16!% 67!% Thermal Hydraulic Renewables Nuclear
55. Production 2007 worldwide production (~214 plants) 14!% 3!% 16!% 67!% Thermal Hydraulic Renewables Nuclear
56. Greenhouse effect
57. Greenhouse effect
58. Greenhouse effect • “smoke” from reactors: steam (water)
59. Greenhouse effect • “smoke” from reactors: steam (water) • valuable solution against climate change
60. III. Risks
61. A long-term problem…
62. A long-term problem… • “Short life” waste needs a few years to deteriorate
63. A long-term problem… • “Short life” waste needs a few years to deteriorate • tools, scrap, rubbles…
64. A long-term problem… • “Short life” waste needs a few years to deteriorate • tools, scrap, rubbles… • “Long life” waste needs several million years!
65. A long-term problem… • “Short life” waste needs a few years to deteriorate • tools, scrap, rubbles… • “Long life” waste needs several million years! • reactor's core elements
66. A long-term problem… • “Short life” waste needs a few years to deteriorate • tools, scrap, rubbles… • “Long life” waste needs several million years! • reactor's core elements • most dangerous: used fuel
67. A long-term problem… • “Short life” waste needs a few years to deteriorate • tools, scrap, rubbles… • “Long life” waste needs several million years! • reactor's core elements • most dangerous: used fuel • 250 000 tons in 2008
68. …with temporary solutions
69. …with temporary solutions • 1950: Sea storage in concrete containers
70. …with temporary solutions • 1950: Sea storage in concrete containers
71. …with temporary solutions • 1950: Sea storage in concrete containers
72. …with temporary solutions • 1950: Sea storage in concrete containers • more than 100 000 tons until 1982
73. …with temporary solutions • 1950: Sea storage in concrete containers • more than 100 000 tons until 1982 • cracks after 30 years
74. …with temporary solutions • 1950: Sea storage in concrete containers • more than 100 000 tons until 1982 • cracks after 30 years
75. …with temporary solutions • 1950: Sea storage in concrete containers • more than 100 000 tons until 1982 • cracks after 30 years
76. …with temporary solutions • 1950: Sea storage in concrete containers • more than 100 000 tons until 1982 • cracks after 30 years
77. …with temporary solutions • 1950: Sea storage in concrete containers • more than 100 000 tons until 1982 • cracks after 30 years • Now: Deep earth burial (300~500 m)
78. …with temporary solutions • 1950: Sea storage in concrete containers • more than 100 000 tons until 1982 • cracks after 30 years • Now: Deep earth burial (300~500 m) • large stable, dense, and tight area
79. …with temporary solutions • 1950: Sea storage in concrete containers • more than 100 000 tons until 1982 • cracks after 30 years • Now: Deep earth burial (300~500 m) • large stable, dense, and tight area • 150 000 ! / T
80. …with temporary solutions • 1950: Sea storage in concrete containers • more than 100 000 tons until 1982 • cracks after 30 years • Now: Deep earth burial (300~500 m) • large stable, dense, and tight area • 150 000 ! / T
81. …with temporary solutions • 1950: Sea storage in concrete containers • more than 100 000 tons until 1982 • cracks after 30 years • Now: Deep earth burial (300~500 m) • large stable, dense, and tight area • 150 000 ! / T
82. …with temporary solutions • 1950: Sea storage in concrete containers • more than 100 000 tons until 1982 • cracks after 30 years • Now: Deep earth burial (300~500 m) • large stable, dense, and tight area • 150 000 ! / T
83. …and future “solutions”?
84. …and future “solutions”? • Tomorrow": Spatial evacuation"?
85. …and future “solutions”? • Tomorrow": Spatial evacuation"? • more than 5 billion ! / year for France alone
86. …and future “solutions”? • Tomorrow": Spatial evacuation"? • more than 5 billion ! / year for France alone • risk of explosion in the atmosphere
87. …d’oh!
88. Worst accidents International Nuclear Events Scale
89. Worst accidents • ranked on the INES (7 grades) International Nuclear Events Scale
90. Worst accidents • ranked on the INES (7 grades) • 1957: Kychtym, USSR (lvl 6) International Nuclear Events Scale
91. Worst accidents • ranked on the INES (7 grades) • 1957: Kychtym, USSR (lvl 6) • Storage area explosion – Accident kept under secret International Nuclear Events Scale
92. Worst accidents • ranked on the INES (7 grades) • 1957: Kychtym, USSR (lvl 6) • Storage area explosion – Accident kept under secret • 1979: Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania (lvl 5) International Nuclear Events Scale
93. Worst accidents • ranked on the INES (7 grades) • 1957: Kychtym, USSR (lvl 6) • Storage area explosion – Accident kept under secret • 1979: Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania (lvl 5) • Core fusion – containment structure intact International Nuclear Events Scale
94. Worst accidents • ranked on the INES (7 grades) • 1957: Kychtym, USSR (lvl 6) • Storage area explosion – Accident kept under secret • 1979: Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania (lvl 5) • Core fusion – containment structure intact • 1986: Tchernobyl, Ukrainia (lvl 7) International Nuclear Events Scale
95. Worst accidents • ranked on the INES (7 grades) • 1957: Kychtym, USSR (lvl 6) • Storage area explosion – Accident kept under secret • 1979: Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania (lvl 5) • Core fusion – containment structure intact • 1986: Tchernobyl, Ukrainia (lvl 7) • Core explosion – 600 000 workers to “clean” the area International Nuclear Events Scale
96. Fukushima
97. Fukushima • level 6 (accident with large consequences)
98. Fukushima • level 6 (accident with large consequences) • cooling system failure after tsunami
99. Fukushima • level 6 (accident with large consequences) • cooling system failure after tsunami • three reactor cores currently in fusion
100. Fukushima • level 6 (accident with large consequences) • cooling system failure after tsunami • three reactor cores currently in fusion • controlled (more or less) with water hoses
101. Fukushima • level 6 (accident with large consequences) • cooling system failure after tsunami • three reactor cores currently in fusion • controlled (more or less) with water hoses • several injured workers
102. Fukushima • level 6 (accident with large consequences) • cooling system failure after tsunami • three reactor cores currently in fusion • controlled (more or less) with water hoses • several injured workers • environmental contamination
103. Fukushima • level 6 (accident with large consequences) • cooling system failure after tsunami • three reactor cores currently in fusion • controlled (more or less) with water hoses • several injured workers • environmental contamination • food, ocean, soil…
104. Fukushima • level 6 (accident with large consequences) • cooling system failure after tsunami • three reactor cores currently in fusion • controlled (more or less) with water hoses • several injured workers • environmental contamination • food, ocean, soil… • …for now :-/
105. Conclusion: nuclear power
106. Conclusion: nuclear power • electricity production
107. Conclusion: nuclear power • electricity production • very efficient
108. Conclusion: nuclear power • electricity production • very efficient • a solution against climate change
109. Conclusion: nuclear power • electricity production • very efficient • a solution against climate change • new long-term, large-sized pollution risks
110. Conclusion: nuclear power • electricity production • very efficient • a solution against climate change • new long-term, large-sized pollution risks • changed humankind vision
111. Conclusion: nuclear power • electricity production • very efficient • a solution against climate change • new long-term, large-sized pollution risks • changed humankind vision • we are able to destroy the whole world • several times
112. Conclusion: nuclear power • electricity production • very efficient • a solution against climate change • new long-term, large-sized pollution risks • changed humankind vision • we are able to destroy the whole world • several times • whole countries can be made unlivable for longer than our lives
113. Thanks for your attention! Any questions? • Sources • Wikipédia • previous knowledge