HEAD: Pointer to the current (often the last) commit the index points to. Branch: Pointer to the current tree on which the index operates. Master branch: The “default” or “main” branch, typically called master Feature branch: One of the best practice is to isolate changes into seperate branches, called feature branches. “Feature” can also mean bug fix here. Tag: Name/synonym for a commit (commit-ish or ref, see git rev-parse). Anotated tag: shareable, persistant and signable tag.