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R入門の入門 / 2018methoken-R-workshop

R入門の入門 / 2018methoken-R-workshop

LET関西支部メソドロジー研究部会2018年度第1回研究会にて行ったR入門者講習のスライドです。

Yu Tamura

June 02, 2018
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  1. ͸͡Ίʹʢ͖ͭͮʣ • ຊ೔ͷWSͷ૝ఆडߨऀ • Rʹ·ͬͨ͘৮ͬͨ͜ͱ͕ͳ͍ਓ • RΛ৮ͬͨ͜ͱ͸͋Δ͚Ͳɼ๨Εͨਓ • ຊ೔ͷWSͷΰʔϧ •

    Rʹ͍ͭͯͷجຊతͳ஌ࣝΛಘΔʢ஌ࣝʣ • RͰؔ਺ͳͲ΋࢖͍ͭͭجຊతͳܭࢉ͕Ͱ͖Δʢٕೳʣ • RͰ؆୯ͳ࡞ਤ͕Ͱ͖Δʢٕೳʣ • ࢥߟɾ൑அɾදݱͷ؍఺ʹ͍ͭͯ͸someday in the future
  2. Today’s Menu • RͬͯͳΜ΍ͶΜ • RStudioͬͯͷ͕͋ΜͶΜ • ·ͣ͸Πϯετʔϧ΍Ͱ • ΄ͳجຊૢ࡞΍ͬͯΈΑ͔

    • ؔ਺ͬͪΎ͏ศརͳ΋Μ͕͋ͬͯͳ • ΄Μ·࡞ਤָͳΜ΍ • ύοέʔδͯ 4
  3. Today’s Menu • RͬͯͳΜ΍ͶΜ • RStudioͬͯͷ͕͋ΜͶΜ • ·ͣ͸Πϯετʔϧ΍Ͱ • ΄ͳجຊૢ࡞΍ͬͯΈΑ͔

    • ؔ਺ͬͪΎ͏ศརͳ΋Μ͕͋ͬͯͳ • ΄Μ·࡞ਤָͳΜ΍ • ύοέʔδͯ 5
  4. • RͳΒͳΜͰ΋Ͱ͖Δͱݴͬͯ΋աݴͰ͸ͳ͍ • ΈΜͳ͕RΛ΍͍ͬͯΔ͔Β • RͷڭՊॻ͸Πϯλʔωοτͱݴͬͯ΋͍͍ • Θ͔Βͳͯ͘೰ΜͰΔਓ͸Ұਓ͡Όͳ͍͠ɼॿ͚ͯ͘ ΕΔਓ΋ͨ͘͞Μ͍Δ •

    ࠶ݱͱڞ༗͕༰қ • ಉ͡σʔλͱಉ͡εΫϦϓτ͕͋Ε͹෼ੳ݁Ռ͕࠶ݱ Մೳ • εΫϦϓτͱͯ͠࢒͢͜ͱͰɼ෼ੳ΍σʔλͷՄࢹԽ ͳͲ͕͍ͭͰ΋Ͳ͜Ͱ΋୭ͱͰ΋ RͬͯͳΜ΍ͶΜ 9 ͳͥRΛ΍ΕͱݴΘΕΔ͔
  5. • ύιίϯ͕ۤख • RStudio࢖͑͹ͳΜͱ͔ͳΔͷͰ͸ͱ • σΟϨΫτϦͱ͔۠੾Γจࣈͱ͔͘Β͍Θ͔͍ͬͯΕ͹͍͍ͷͰ͸ • ίϚϯυΛଧͪࠐΉͱ͍͏ͷ͕ۤख • ϙνϙνͰ͸࠶ݱ΋ڞ༗΋Ͱ͖ͳͯ͘ࠔΔ…

    • ࣗ෼Ͱߟ͑ͯଧͭ͜ͱ΋͋Δ͕ɼجຊతʹ͸ʮ୭͔ͷਅࣅʯΛ͢Ε ͹े෼ • ӳޠ͕ۤख • ͱΓ͋͑ͣɼ௲ΓͷޡΓʹର͢Δawareness͚͍͖ͩ͋͛ͯ·͠ΐ ͏ • ೔ຊޠࢿྉ͚ͩͰ΋࢖͑ΔΑ͏ʹ͸ͳΔͱࢥ͍·͕͢ RͬͯͳΜ΍ͶΜ 10 RίϫΠίϫΠපͷݪҼ
  6. Today’s Menu • RͬͯͳΜ΍ͶΜ • RStudioͬͯͷ͕͋ΜͶΜ • ·ͣ͸Πϯετʔϧ΍Ͱ • ΄ͳجຊૢ࡞΍ͬͯΈΑ͔

    • ؔ਺ͬͪΎ͏ศརͳ΋Μ͕͋ͬͯͳ • ΄Μ·࡞ਤָͳΜ΍ • ύοέʔδͯ 11
  7. • RStudioͱ͸ • RΛ࢖͍΍͘͢͢ΔͨΊͷιϑτ • Rͱಉ༷ʹແঈ • ͳͥRStudioʁ • https://speakerdeck.com/tam07pb915/nagoyar17

    • ॳ৺ऀ͸ɼʮ෼ੳʯͱ͔Ҏલͷͱ͜ΖͰͭ·͖͕ͮ ͪ… • ͦͷͭ·͖ͮͲ͜Ζʹ༏͘͠ख౰Λͯ͋ͬͨ͠Γɼ ࡞ۀޮ཰͕͕͋ΔΑ͏ͳػೳΛ૷උͯ͋͠Δ RStudioͬͯͷ͕͋ΜͶΜ 12 ॳ৺ऀͦ͜RStudioΛ
  8. Today’s Menu • RͬͯͳΜ΍ͶΜ • RStudioͬͯͷ͕͋ΜͶΜ • ·ͣ͸Πϯετʔϧ΍Ͱ • ΄ͳجຊૢ࡞΍ͬͯΈΑ͔

    • ؔ਺ͬͪΎ͏ศརͳ΋Μ͕͋ͬͯͳ • ΄Μ·࡞ਤָͳΜ΍ • ύοέʔδͯ 13
  9. 1. ݕࡧΤϯδϯͰʮr projectʯͱೖྗ͢Δ͔ɼhttp://www.r-project.org΁ 2. download RΛΫϦοΫʢจষதʹ͋Γ·͢ʣ 3. ਖ਼௚Ͳ͜Ͱ΋͍͍ΜͰ͕͢ɼಛʹཧ༝͕ͳ͚Ε͹Japan͔Β1ͭબ୒ ʢͲ͜Ͱ΋OKʣ 4.

    ࣗ෼ͷύιίϯͷOSΛΫϦοΫ 1. MacͳΒ.pkgͱ͍͍ͭͯΔ΋ͷͰɼWindows͸install R for the first time ΛΫϦοΫͯ͠.exeͷ࣮ߦϑΝΠϧ 2. όʔδϣϯ͸ͱΓ͋͑ͣ࠷৽൛Ͱ 5. ͋ͱ͸μ΢ϯϩʔυͨ͠ϑΝΠϧΛμϒϧΫϦοΫͰ։͍ͯɼࢦࣔʹ ͕ͨͬͯ͠ਐΊΔ͚ͩ 6. ಛʹԿ΋͢Δඞཁͳ͘ɼʮ࣍΁ʯΛԡ͚ͩ͢ͰΑ͍ ·ͣ͸Πϯετʔϧ΍ 14 RΛ͍ΕͯΈ·͠ΐ͏
  10. • Windows • ελʔτ->ϓϩάϥϜ-> R • σϑΥϧτͷΠϯετʔϧઃఆͰ͸σεΫτοϓʹγϣʔτΧο τΛ࡞ΔͷͰ͔ͦ͜ΒͰ΋OK • i386

    -> 32Ϗοτ൛ • x64 -> 64Ϗοτ൛ • ίϯτϩʔϧύωϧ->γεςϜͱηΩϡϦςΟ->γεςϜͰϏο τ਺ͷ֬ೝ͕Մೳ • Mac • Application -> R.app • Launchpad -> RͷΞΠίϯΛΫϦοΫ ·ͣ͸Πϯετʔϧ΍ 23 Rͷىಈͱऴྃ
  11. • ͳΜ͔͍Ζ͍Ζॻ͍ͯ͋ͬͯ΋ͱΓ͋͑ͣɼ ʮ>ʯ͕Ұ൪Լʹग़͍ͯΕ͹OK • RΛऴྃͤ͞Δͱ͖ • ଞͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͱಉ༷ʹɼʮด͡Δʯ Ϙλϯ • >ʹଓ͚ͯq()ͱೖྗ

    • ʮ࡞ۀεϖʔε(workspace imageʣΛอଘ͠ ·͔͢ʁʯͱฉ͔ΕΔ-> ࠓ͸ʮ͍͍͑ʯ ·ͣ͸Πϯετʔϧ΍ 24 Rͷىಈͱऴྃ
  12. 1. ݕࡧΤϯδϯͰʮr studioʯͱೖྗ͢Δ͔ɼhttps:// www.rstudio.com΁ 2. Download RStudioΛΫϦοΫ 3. RStudio DesktopͷDownloadΛΫϦοΫ

    4. ࣗ෼ͷύιίϯͷOSʹ͋ͬͨΠϯετʔϥʔΛΫ ϦοΫ 5. ͋ͱ͸μ΢ϯϩʔυͨ͠ϑΝΠϧΛμϒϧΫϦοΫͰ ։͍ͯɼࢦࣔʹ͕ͨͬͯ͠ਐΊΔ͚ͩ 6. ಛʹԿ΋͢Δඞཁͳ͘ɼʮ࣍΁ʯΛԡ͚ͩ͢ͰΑ͍ ·ͣ͸Πϯετʔϧ΍ 25 RStudioΛ͍ΕͯΈ·͠ΐ͏
  13. 9K

  14. • ʮRɹΩʔϫʔυʯͰάάΔ • ݕࡧΤϯδϯͰͳ͔ͳ͔ώοτ͠ͳ͍৔߹͸… • seekR (http://seekr.jp) • RjpWiki (http://www.okadajp.org/RWiki/)

    • R-Tips (http://cse.naro.affrc.go.jp/takezawa/r- tips/r.html) • RʹΑΔ౷ܭॲཧʢhttp://aoki2.si.gunma-u.ac.jp/ R/ʣ • ͳͲɼRʹಛԽͨ͠ௐ΂ํ͕͓͢͢Ί 9K 31 RͰࠔͬͨͱ͖
  15. Today’s Menu • RͬͯͳΜ΍ͶΜ • RStudioͬͯͷ͕͋ΜͶΜ • ·ͣ͸Πϯετʔϧ΍Ͱ • ΄ͳجຊૢ࡞΍ͬͯΈΑ͔

    • ؔ਺ͬͪΎ͏ศརͳ΋Μ͕͋ͬͯͳ • ΄Μ·࡞ਤָͳΜ΍ • ύοέʔδͯ 32
  16. • “>”͕දࣔ͞Ε͍ͯΔʹೖྗड෇த • εΫϦϓτΤσΟλʹ໋ྩΛॻ͖ɼCtrl + Enter (⌘ + EnterʣͰ࣮ߦ •

    શ֯μϝθολΠʢಛʹશ֯εϖʔε͸ݟ͑ͳ͍ ͷͰؾ͍ͮͨΒೖ͍ͬͯͨΓ͢Δʣ • େจࣈͱখจࣈ͸͔ͬ͠Γ۠ผ • ()ͷલޙ΍ه߸ͷલޙͷ൒֯εϖʔε͸ؔ܎ͳ͍ جຊૢ࡞ 49 ஫ҙࣄ߲
  17. Today’s Menu • RͬͯͳΜ΍ͶΜ • RStudioͬͯͷ͕͋ΜͶΜ • ·ͣ͸Πϯετʔϧ΍Ͱ • ΄ͳجຊૢ࡞΍ͬͯΈΑ͔

    • ؔ਺ͬͪΎ͏ศརͳ΋Μ͕͋ͬͯͳ • ΄Μ·࡞ਤָͳΜ΍ • ύοέʔδͯ 56
  18. • kagoͱ͍͏ม਺ʹ1~4ͷ਺ࣈΛ୅ೖͯ͠Έ·͠ΐ͏ • c()ؔ਺ɿෳ਺ͷཁૉΛ·ͱΊΔؔ਺ • <-ʢෆ౳߸+ϋΠϑϯʣɿ໼ҹʢˡʣͷҙຯʢٯ޲͖΋Մʣ • <-͸=Ͱ΋୅༻Մೳ • ʮ1ͱ2ͱ3ͱ4Λ·ͱΊͯkagoͱ͍͏ม਺ʹ୅ೖ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞Ͷʯͱ

    ͍͏໋ྩ • ม਺ͷ໊લΛଧͬͯEnter -> ʮม਺ͷத਎ݟ͍ͤͯͩ͘͞ʯ ؔ਺ 62 ม਺ʹ਺஋Λ୅ೖ > kago <-c(1,2,3,4) > kago ม਺࡞Δ ->த਎֬ೝͱ͍͏ ྲྀΕΛบʹ͢Δ
  19. • help()ؔ਺ • ྫɿhelp(mean)ͷΑ͏ʹʢʣ಺ʹؔ਺ΛೖΕΔ • ؔ਺ͷઆ໌͕ݟΕΔʢRStudioͳΒӈԼͷϖΠϯʹݱΕ·͢ʣ • આ໌͸ӳޠͰ͕͢… • usage:

    ࢖͍ํͷ֓ཁ • argument: Ҿ਺ʹऔΔ΋ͷͷઆ໌ • Example: ࢖͍ํͷྫ • ͳͲɼܗ͕ܾࣜ·͍ͬͯΔͷͰݟΔϙΠϯτ͑͞ԡ͑͞Ε͹ා͘ͳ ͍Ͱ͢ ؔ਺ 67 جຊతͳؔ਺͚ͩͰ΋…
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  30. • matrix (ཁૉɼnrowɼncolʣ • ཁૉɿߦྻͷத਎ • nrowɿߦ਺ʢྫɿnrow = 3ʣ •

    ncolɿྻ਺ʢྫɿncol = 4ʣ ؔ਺ 85 ߦྻΛ࡞੒͢Δmatrixؔ਺
  31. • ͱͯ͠΋͍͍͕… ؔ਺ 87 ߦྻΛ࡞੒͢Δmatrixؔ਺ 1 5 9 13 2

    6 10 14 3 7 11 15 4 8 12 16 matrix(c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,+ 10,11,12,13,14,15,16),nrow=+ 4,ncol=4) matrix(1:16,nrow=4,ncol=4) 1:16͸ʮ1͔Β16·Ͱʯ ͱ͍͏ҙຯʹͳΔ
  32. • 2ߦ໨ʹΞΫηε->hyou[2,] • 2ྻ໨ʹΞΫηε->hyou[,2] ؔ਺ 91 [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]

    [1,] 1 2 3 4 [2,] 5 6 7 8 [3,] 9 10 11 12 [4,] 13 14 15 16 ߦྻͷཁૉΛऔΓग़͢
  33. • 2ߦ໨ʹΞΫηε->hyou[2,] • 2ྻ໨ʹΞΫηε->hyou[,2] ؔ਺ 92 > hyou[2,] [1] 5

    6 7 8 > hyou[,2] [1] 2 6 10 14 ߦྻͷཁૉΛऔΓग़͢
  34. • ߦʢΪϣʔʣ͸ԣɼྻʢϨπʣ͸ॎ • matrix(ཁૉ, nrow, ncolʣ • औΓग़͢ͱ͖͸[]Λ࢖͏ • hyou[2,]

    #2ߦ໨ • hyou[,2] #2ྻ໨ • hyou[2,2] #2ߦ໨ͷ2ྻ໨ ؔ਺ 94 ߦྻͷ·ͱΊ
  35. • read.table() ؔ਺ • “ϑΝΠϧ໊” • headerɿݟग़͠ߦͷ༗ແ • sepɿ۠੾Γจࣈͷࢦఆ •

    read.table(“ϑΝΠϧ໊”, header = T or F, sep=“\t”or “,”) • csvϑΝΠϧͷͱ͖͸read.csv()ؔ਺ ؔ਺ 99 ֎෦σʔλͷಡΈࠐΈ ʮλϒʯͷҙຯɻWindows ͳΒ¥t
  36. • σʔλɿhttp://bit.ly/R-workshop_20180602 • ϑΝΠϧ -> ܗࣜΛࢦఆͯ͠μ΢ϯϩʔυ->ΧϯϚ۠੾Γͷ஋ ʢcsvɼݱࡏͷγʔτʣ • ϑΝΠϧ໊ͷޙΖͷ΄͏ʹ͋Δʮ -

    γʔτ1 ʯ͸࡟আ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ • RStudioͷϓϩδΣΫτϑΝΠϧ͕͋ΔϑΥϧμʹDL • ݸਓతʹ͸ɼExcelͳͲͷγʔτΛಡΈࠐΉ৔߹͸csvϑΝΠϧͱͯ͠ γʔτΛผʹอଘ͢Δ͜ͱΛ͓͢͢ΊʢΫϦοϓϘʔυ͔Βͩͱɼಡ ΈࠐΜͩσʔλ͕ޙ͔ΒΘ͔Βͳ͍ͨΊʣ • ޙʹ࢒͢ඞཁͷͳ͍࡞ۀͳΒɼγʔτͷͳ͔ͷ਺஋Λίϐʔͯ͠ΫϦο ϓϘʔυ͔ΒಡΈࠐΉ ؔ਺ 100 ֎෦σʔλͷಡΈࠐΈ
  37. Today’s Menu • RͬͯͳΜ΍ͶΜ • RStudioͬͯͷ͕͋ΜͶΜ • ·ͣ͸Πϯετʔϧ΍Ͱ • ΄ͳجຊૢ࡞΍ͬͯΈΑ͔

    • ؔ਺ͬͪΎ͏ศརͳ΋Μ͕͋ͬͯͳ • ΄Μ·࡞ਤָͳΜ΍ • ύοέʔδͯ 108
  38. ࡞ਤ 111 ώετάϥϜ Histogram of dat$ClassA_Gr dat$ClassA_Gr Frequency 55 60

    65 70 75 80 85 90 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Histogram of dat$ClassA_Gr dat$ClassA_Gr Frequency 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 >hist(dat$ClassA_Gr)
  39. ࡞ਤ 113 ࢄ෍ਤ Histogram of dat$ClassA_Gr dat$ClassA_Gr Frequency 55 60

    65 70 75 80 85 90 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Histogram of dat$ClassA_Gr dat$ClassA_Gr Frequency 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 >plot(dat$ClassA_Gr,dat$ClassA_Vo) ࢄ෍ਤ͸جຊతʹ2ม਺ͷରԠؔ܎ͷਤࣔͳͷͰɼ2ͭ ͷϕΫτϧΛΧϯϚͰ۠੾ͬͯೖྗ
  40. ࡞ਤ 114 ࢄ෍ਤͷ޻෉ Histogram of dat$ClassA_Gr dat$ClassA_Gr Frequency 55 60

    65 70 75 80 85 90 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Histogram of dat$ClassA_Gr dat$ClassA_Gr Frequency 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 >plot(dat$ClassA_Gr,dat$ClassA_Vo) ࢄ෍ਤ͸جຊతʹ2ม਺ͷରԠؔ܎ͷਤࣔͳͷͰɼ2ͭ ͷϕΫτϧΛΧϯϚͰ۠੾ͬͯೖྗ σϑΥϧτͰ͸x࣠ͱy͕࣠σʔλʹ߹Θ ͤͯઃఆ͞Εͯ͠·͏…
  41. ࡞ਤ 115 ࢄ෍ਤͷ޻෉ Histogram of dat$ClassA_Gr dat$ClassA_Gr Frequency 55 60

    65 70 75 80 85 90 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Histogram of dat$ClassA_Gr dat$ClassA_Gr Frequency 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 >plot(dat$ClassA_Gr,dat$ClassA_Vo,x lim=c(0,100),ylim=c(0,100)) xlim͸x࣠ͷ෯Λࢦఆ͢Δʢ͜͜Ͱ͸0͔Β100·Ͱʣ ylim͸y࣠ͷ෯Λࢦఆ͢Δʢ͜͜Ͱ͸0͔Β100·Ͱʣ ݟͨ໨͕શવมΘͬͯ·͢ΑͶɻਤࣔ͸ ศརͰ͕͢ɼʮݟͤํʯͰ͍ͣͿΜσʔ λ͕ҧ͏΋ͷͷΑ͏ʹݟ͑ͯ͠·͏ͷͰ ஫ҙ
  42. ࡞ਤ 116 ࢄ෍ਤͷ޻෉ Histogram of dat$ClassA_Gr dat$ClassA_Gr Frequency 55 60

    65 70 75 80 85 90 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Histogram of dat$ClassA_Gr dat$ClassA_Gr Frequency 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 >plot(dat$ClassA_Gr,dat$ClassA_Vo,x lim=c(0,100),ylim=c(0,100),xlab=“Gr ammar”,ylab=“Vocabulary”) xlab͸x࣠ͷϥϕϧΛࢦఆ͢Δ ylab͸y࣠ͷϥϕϧΛࢦఆ͢Δ
  43. ࡞ਤ 118 ശͻ͛ਤ Histogram of dat$ClassA_Gr dat$ClassA_Gr Frequency 55 60

    65 70 75 80 85 90 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Histogram of dat$ClassA_Gr dat$ClassA_Gr Frequency 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 >boxplot(dat[,-1])
  44. • RStudio • Export -> Save image or PDF (or

    Copy to Clipboard) • R • ϑΝΠϧ->ผ໊Ͱอଘ->metafile • อଘͷܗࣜ͸͍Ζ͍Ζબ΂Δ͕ɼmetafile͕͖Ε͍ ͳͷͰ͓͢͢Ίʢͨͩ͠PDFͰมͳઢೖΔͳͲͷ όά͕ىͬͨ͜Γ͢Δʣ ࡞ਤ 119 ඳ͍ͨਤͷอଘ
  45. Today’s Menu • RͬͯͳΜ΍ͶΜ • RStudioͬͯͷ͕͋ΜͶΜ • ·ͣ͸Πϯετʔϧ΍Ͱ • ΄ͳجຊૢ࡞΍ͬͯΈΑ͔

    • ؔ਺ͬͪΎ͏ศརͳ΋Μ͕͋ͬͯͳ • ΄Μ·࡞ਤָͳΜ΍ • ύοέʔδͯ 120
  46. • R͕ఏڙ͍ͯ͠Δύοέʔδ͸ͨͬ͘͞Μ͋Δ • ͍Ζ͍Ζͳ͜ͱΛ΍Ζ͏ͱࢥ͏ͱύοέʔδΛ Πϯετʔϧ͠ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ • Πϯετʔϧͨ͋͠ͱʹԼͷ͓·͡ͳ͍͕ඞཁ ύοέʔδ 121 ศར͞Λ૿΍͢ύοέʔδ

    >install.packages(“ύοέʔδ໊”) >library(ύοέʔδ໊) library()ؔ਺Ͱ͸””ͳ͠Ͱ͍͚Δ͕ install.packages()ؔ਺͸ແཧͳͷͰ஫ҙ