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文献紹介: Confidence Modeling for Neural Semantic P...
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Yumeto Inaoka
October 24, 2018
Research
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文献紹介: Confidence Modeling for Neural Semantic Parsing
2018/10/24の文献紹介で発表
Yumeto Inaoka
October 24, 2018
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Transcript
Confidence Modeling for Neural Semantic Parsing จݙհɹ Ԭٕज़Պֶେֶɹࣗવݴޠॲཧݚڀࣨ ҴԬɹເਓ
Literature Confidence Modeling for Neural Semantic Parsing Li Dong† and
Chris Quirk‡ and Mirella Lapata† †School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh ‡Microsoft Research, Redmond Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Long Papers), pages 743–753, 2018. !2
Abstract • Neural Semantic Parsing (seq2seq) ʹ͓͚Δ֬৴ϞσϦϯά • ೖྗͷͲ͕͜ෆ͔֬͞ͷཁҼʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ͔Λࣝผ •
ࣄޙ֬ɺΞςϯγϣϯʹґଘ͢Δख๏ΑΓ༏ल !3
Introduction • Neural Semantic ParsingظͰ͖Δ݁ՌΛग़͢ҰํͰ ग़ྗͷݪҼ͕ղऍͮ͠Β͍ϒϥοΫϘοΫεͱͯ͠ಈ࡞ • Ϟσϧͷ༧ଌʹର͢Δ֬৴ͷਪఆʹΑͬͯ༗ҙٛͳ ϑΟʔυόοΫ͕ՄೳʹͳΔͷͰͳ͍͔ •
֬৴ͷείΞϦϯάख๏ࣄޙ֬ p(y|x) ͕Α͘༻͞ΕΔ → ઢܗϞσϧͰ༗ޮ͕ͩχϡʔϥϧϞσϧͰྑ͘ͳ͍ !4
Neural Semantic Parsing • In: Natural Language Out: Logical form
• Seq2seq with LSTM • Attention mechanism • Maximize the likelihood • Beam Search !5 !5
Confidence Estimation • ೖྗqͱ༧ଌͨ͠ҙຯදݱa͔Β֬৴s(q, a) ∈ (0, 1)Λ༧ଌ • ֬৴ͷஅʹʮԿΛΒͳ͍͔ʯΛਪఆ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ
• Ϟσϧͷෆ͔֬͞ɺσʔλͷෆ͔֬͞ɺೖྗͷෆ͔֬͞Λجʹ ࡞ΒΕΔࢦඪ͔Β֬৴ΛճؼϞσϧʹΑͬͯٻΊΔ !6
Model Uncertainty • ϞσϧͷύϥϝʔλߏʹΑΔෆ͔֬͞Ͱ֬৴͕Լ ← ྫ͑܇࿅σʔλʹؚ·ΕΔϊΠζ֬తֶशΞϧΰϦζϜ • Dropout Perturbation, Gaussian
Noise, Posterior Probability͔Β ࢦඪΛ࡞͠ɺෆ͔֬͞Λ༧ଌ !7
Dropout Perturbation • DropoutΛςετ࣌ʹ༻ (ਤதͷi, ii, iii, ivͷՕॴ) • จϨϕϧͰͷࢦඪɿ
• τʔΫϯϨϕϧͰͷࢦඪɿ • ɹɹઁಈͤ͞Δύϥϝʔλɹ݁ՌΛूΊͯࢄΛܭࢉ !8
Gaussian Noise • Gaussian NoiseΛϕΫτϧՃ͑ͯDropoutͱಉ༷ʹࢄΛܭࢉ ← DropoutϕϧψʔΠɺ͜ΕΨεʹै͏ϊΠζ • ϊΠζͷՃ͑ํҎԼͷ2ͭ (vݩͷϕΫτϧ,
gGaussian Noise) !9
Posterior Probability • ࣄޙ֬ p(a | q)ΛจϨϕϧͰͷࢦඪʹ༻ • τʔΫϯϨϕϧͰҎԼͷ2ͭΛࢦඪʹ༻ •
ɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɿ࠷ෆ͔֬ͳ୯ޠʹண • ɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɿτʔΫϯຖͷperplexity !10
Data Uncertainty • ܇࿅σʔλͷΧόϨοδෆ͔֬͞ʹӨڹΛ༩͑Δ • ܇࿅σʔλͰݴޠϞσϧΛֶशͤ͞ɺೖྗͷݴޠϞσϧ֬Λ ࢦඪʹ༻͍Δ • ೖྗͷະޠτʔΫϯΛࢦඪʹ༻͍Δ !11
Input Uncertainty • Ϟσϧ͕ᘳͰೖྗ͕ᐆດͩͱෆ͔֬͞ൃੜ͢Δ (e.g. 9 o’clock -> flight_time(9am) or
flight_time(9pm) ) • ্Ґީิͷ֬ͷࢄΛ༻͍Δ • ΤϯτϩϐʔΛ༻͍Δ ← a’αϯϓϦϯάۙࣅ !12
Confidence Storing • ͜ΕΒͷ༷ʑͳࢦඪΛ༻͍ͯ֬৴ͷείΞϦϯάΛߦ͏ • ޯϒʔεςΟϯάϞσϧʹ֤ࢦඪΛ༩ֶ͑ͯशͤ͞Δ ग़ྗ͕0ʙ1ʹͳΔΑ͏ϩδεςΟοΫؔͰϥοϓ • ޯϒʔεςΟϯάϞσϧҎԼͷղઆهࣄ͕͔Γ͍͢ (ʮGradient
Boosting ͱ XGBoostʯ: ɹ https://zaburo-ch.github.io/post/xgboost/ ) !13
Uncertainty Interpretation • Ͳͷೖྗ͕ෆ͔֬͞ʹ࡞༻͍ͯ͠Δ͔Λಛఆ → ͦͷೖྗΛಛผͳέʔεͱͯ͠ѻ͏͕ग़དྷΔ • ༧ଌ͔ΒೖྗτʔΫϯؒ·ͰΛٯൖ → ֤τʔΫϯͷෆ͔֬͞ͷد༩͕Θ͔Δ
!14
Experiments (Datasets) • IFTTT σʔληοτ (train-dev-test : 77,495 - 5,171
- 4,294) • DJANGO σʔληοτ (train-dev-test : 16,000 - 1,000 - 1,805) !15
Experiments (Settings) • Dropout Perturbation Dropout rate0.1ɺ30ճ࣮ߦͯ͠ࢄΛܭࢉ • Gaussian Noise
ඪ४ภࠩΛ0.05ʹઃఆ • Probability of Input ݴޠϞσϧͱͯ͠KenLMΛ༻ • Input Uncertainty 10-best ͷީิ͔ΒࢄΛܭࢉ !16
Experiments (Results) • Model Uncertainty͕࠷ޮՌత • Data UncertaintyӨڹ͕খ͍͞ → In-domainͰ͋ΔͨΊ
!17
Experiments (Results) !18
Experiments (Results) • Model Uncertaintyͷ ࢦඪ͕ॏཁ • ಛʹIFTTT#UNKͱ Var͕ॏཁ !19
Experiments (Results) !20
Experiments (Results) • ϊΠζΛՃ͑ͨτʔΫϯྻͱ ٯൖͰಘͨτʔΫϯྻͷ ΦʔόʔϥοϓͰධՁ • Attentionͱൺֱͯ͠ߴ͍ • K=4ʹ͓͍ͯ80%͕Ұக
!21
Experiments (Results) !22
Conclusions • Neural Semantic ParsingͷͨΊͷ֬৴ਪఆϞσϧΛఏࣔ • ෆ͔֬͞ΛೖྗτʔΫϯϨϕϧͰղऍ͢Δํ๏Λఏࣔ • IFTTT, DJANGOσʔληοτʹ͓͍ͯ༗ޮੑΛ֬ೝ
• ఏҊϞσϧSeq2seqΛ࠾༻͢Δ༷ʑͳλεΫͰద༻Մೳ • Neural Semantic ParsingͷActive Learningʹ͓͍ͯར༻Ͱ͖Δ !23