on nanofluidics and why it is so great

... given jointly with Jan Eijkel at GRC, Oxford 2005.

Transcript

1. LATERNA MAGICA
   

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2. REFE
   RENC
   E
   

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3. LATERNA MAGICA
   

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4. GLASS GLASS DEVICE
   

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5. LATERNA MAGICA
   

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6. THE OLDE BUNNY TRICK
   

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7. MY
   LATEST
   AIR
   PUMP
   

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8. THE OLDE BUNNY TRICK
   

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9. THE OLDE BUNNY TRICK
   

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10. microfluidics
    

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11. Microf
    luidics
    

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12. waves
    

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15. On nanofluidics and why
    it’s so great
    S. Holmes, Baker Street, London
    

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16. DNA research
    confinement & reading
    Tegenfeldt 2004,
    Craighead group
    Kasianowicz , 1996
    

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17. Nanotechnology: spatial design instead
    of randomness
    Korda, 2002
    Huang, 2004
    Continuous flow!
    

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18. Thermal ratchets: employ noise
    Koss, 2003
    Bader, 2004
    Separation speed scales with 1/d2 !
    

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19. Actin-myosin movement by ATP-biased
    Brownian motion (Kitamura 1999)
    

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20. Rustom, 2004
    

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21. Natura artis magistra
    (or: bottom-up and top-down)
    There’s plenty of sophistication at the bottom
    

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22. Bottom-up:
    Aquaporins
    specific transport
    

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23. proton transport blocked
    Water dipole reorientation  no
    dipole chain 
    no Grotthus proton conduction
    Tajkhorshid et al., Science, 296 (2002) 525
    

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24. Aquaporin
    http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/aquaporins/
    

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25. Bottom-up:
    Na+ K+ ATPase
    active transport through cell wall
    

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26. Separation!
    

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27. • Na+/K+ separating force (Energy / distance ) : 1ATP /
    (membrane thickness) = 14 kT / 4 nm  14 pN
    • Pumps against E-field of 70 mV / 4 nm = 1.75e7 V/m
    • Electrophoresis: max. 2e5 V/m  0.03 pN on unit charge
    • Almost isothermal, ~ 100% efficiency
    • Energy dissipation only where needed
    

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29. Combining top/down and bottom/up
    Cornell, 1997
    

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30. Why nanofluidics is so great
    • Single molecule studies
    • Freedom of nanoarchitecture instead of random
    separation structure
    – Sophisticated sieving (continuous flow), ratchets
    • From nature: active transport for separation
    – efficient
    – high separating field gradients
    – specific
    

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31. Now, isn’t that great???
    

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