英語教育の効果を検証するために何を測定すればよいのか

Transcript

1. Ӝ໺ɹݚʢ๺ւֶԂେֶʣ urano@hgu.jp https://www.urano-ken.com/research/CELES2019 ୈ49ճத෦஍۠ӳޠڭҭֶձੴ઒େձ
 ˏ๺཮େֶଠཅٰ͕Ωϟϯύε ՝୊ผݚڀϓϩδΣΫτ
 ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚ΔʮΤϏσϯεʯɿධՁͱ׆༻ 2019.06.23 ӳޠڭҭͷޮՌΛݕূ͢ΔͨΊʹ ԿΛଌఆ͢Ε͹Α͍ͷ͔

2. PK-Test

3. PK-Test Mary ͱ Becky ͸ Kim ͱ଴ͪ߹ΘͤΛ͠·͢ɻ Mary: Hi, Kim!

   Kim: Hi, Mary! Where is Becky? Mary: She is over there. She ____________________ on the phone. (talk) ʢࠜ؛ɾଜӽ, 2013, p. 25ʣ

4. PK-Test Mary ͱ Becky ͸ Kim ͱ଴ͪ߹ΘͤΛ͠·͢ɻ Mary: Hi, Kim!

   Kim: Hi, Mary! Where is Becky? Mary: She is over there. She ____________________ on the phone. (talk) ʢࠜ؛ɾଜӽ, 2013, p. 25ʣ is talking

5. PK-Test ԿΛଌఆ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔

6. PK-Test ֎ࠃޠͱͯ͠ͷӳޠͷशಘͷεςʔδ 1. ࢖༻ʢʵʣ એݴత஌ࣝʢʵʣ 2. ࢖༻ʢʵʣ એݴత஌ࣝʢʴʣ 3. ࢖༻ʢʴʣ

   ҙࣝత࢖༻ʢʴʣ 4. ࢖༻ʢʴʣ ҙࣝత࢖༻ʢʵʣ ʢࠜ؛ɾଜӽ, 2013, pp. 23–24ʣ

7. PK-Test ֎ࠃޠͱͯ͠ͷӳޠͷशಘͷεςʔδ 1. ࢖༻ʢʵʣ એݴత஌ࣝʢʵʣ 2. ࢖༻ʢʵʣ એݴత஌ࣝʢʴʣ 3. ࢖༻ʢʴʣ

   ҙࣝత࢖༻ʢʴʣ 4. ࢖༻ʢʴʣ ҙࣝత࢖༻ʢʵʣ ʢࠜ؛ɾଜӽ, 2013, pp. 23–24ʣ

8. PK-Test ͜ͷλΠϓͷ໰୊͸…จ๏஌ࣝͷ༗Γ༷ʹԠͯ͡ɺʮखଓ ͖త஌ࣝςετʢprocedural knowledge testɺུͯ͠ PK- Testʣʯͱݺͼɺैདྷͷจ๏ςετ͸ʮએݴత஌ࣝςετ ʢdeclarative knowledge testɺུͯ͠

   DK-TestʣʯͱݺͿ ͜ͱʹ͢Δɻ ʢࠜ؛ɾଜӽ, 2013, p. 25ʣ

9. จ๏஌ࣝ

10. จ๏஌ࣝ • ౷ޠɾܗଶૉͷݸʑͷنଇʹ͍ͭͯ஌͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱ • ਖ਼͍͠ʢจ๏తͳʣܗͱޡͬͨʢඇจ๏తͳʣܗΛ
 ۠ผͰ͖Δ͜ͱ

11. จ๏஌ࣝ • ౷ޠɾܗଶૉͷݸʑͷنଇʹ͍ͭͯ஌͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱ • ਖ਼͍͠ʢจ๏తͳʣܗͱޡͬͨʢඇจ๏తͳʣܗΛ
 ۠ผͰ͖Δ͜ͱ

12. จ๏نଇΛʮ஌͍ͬͯΔʯͱ͸

13. จ๏نଇΛʮ஌͍ͬͯΔʯͱ͸ • ஌ࣝͷछྨɺ·ͨ͸֊૚ੑ • ໌ࣔత஌ࣝͱ҉ࣔత஌ࣝ • એݴత஌ࣝͱखଓ͖త஌ࣝ

14. จ๏نଇΛʮ஌͍ͬͯΔʯͱ͸ • ஌ࣝͷछྨɺ·ͨ͸֊૚ੑ • ໌ࣔత஌ࣝͱ҉ࣔత஌ࣝ • એݴత஌ࣝͱखଓ͖త஌ࣝ

15. એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝ

16. એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝ • εΩϧशಘཧ࿦ʢskill acquisition theoryʣʹجͮ͘ • ୈೋݴޠशಘ͸ଞͷӡಈٕೳͱಉ༷ͷशಘϓϩηεΛ ͨͲΔͱ͢Δཱ৔

17. ंͷӡస એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝ

18. એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝ

19. એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝ

20. એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝ

21. એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝ

22. نଇͷઆ໌ ↓ એݴత஌ࣝͷ֫ಘ ↓ खଓ͖త஌ࣝͷ֫ಘ ↓ खଓ͖త஌ࣝͷࣗಈԽ એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝ (DeKeyser, 2007)

23. نଇͷઆ໌ ↓ એݴత஌ࣝͷ֫ಘ ↓ खଓ͖త஌ࣝͷ֫ಘ ↓ खଓ͖త஌ࣝͷࣗಈԽ એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝ (DeKeyser, 2007)

24. نଇͷઆ໌ ↓ એݴత஌ࣝͷ֫ಘ ↓ खଓ͖త஌ࣝͷ֫ಘ ↓ खଓ͖త஌ࣝͷࣗಈԽ એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝ ࿅शʢ࢖ͬͯΈΔʣ (DeKeyser,

    2007)

25. نଇͷઆ໌ ↓ એݴత஌ࣝͷ֫ಘ ↓ खଓ͖త஌ࣝͷ֫ಘ ↓ खଓ͖త஌ࣝͷࣗಈԽ એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝ ࿅शʢ࢖ͬͯΈΔʣ ࿅शʢ܁Γฦ͢ʣ

    (DeKeyser, 2007)

26. ஌ࣝΛʮ࢖͏ʯͱ͸

27. ஌ࣝΛʮ࢖͏ʯͱ͸ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δจ๏஌ࣝ • એݴత஌͚ࣝͩͰ͸ෆे෼ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δखଓ͖త஌ࣝͱ͸ • ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͰจ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖͑Δ͜ͱ •

    จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛॻ͚Δɾ࿩ͤΔ͜ͱ • จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛಡΊΔɾௌ͚Δ͜ͱ

28. ஌ࣝΛʮ࢖͏ʯͱ͸ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δจ๏஌ࣝ • એݴత஌͚ࣝͩͰ͸ෆे෼ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δखଓ͖త஌ࣝͱ͸ • ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͰจ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖͑Δ͜ͱ •

    จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛॻ͚Δɾ࿩ͤΔ͜ͱ • จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛಡΊΔɾௌ͚Δ͜ͱ

29. ஌ࣝΛʮ࢖͏ʯͱ͸ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δจ๏஌ࣝ • એݴత஌͚ࣝͩͰ͸ෆे෼ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δखଓ͖త஌ࣝͱ͸ • ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͰจ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖͑Δ͜ͱ •

    จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛॻ͚Δɾ࿩ͤΔ͜ͱ • จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛಡΊΔɾௌ͚Δ͜ͱ

30. ஌ࣝΛʮ࢖͏ʯͱ͸ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δจ๏஌ࣝ • એݴత஌͚ࣝͩͰ͸ෆे෼ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δखଓ͖త஌ࣝͱ͸ • ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͰจ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖͑Δ͜ͱ •

    จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛॻ͚Δɾ࿩ͤΔ͜ͱ • จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛಡΊΔɾௌ͚Δ͜ͱ

31. ஌ࣝΛʮ࢖͏ʯͱ͸ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δจ๏஌ࣝ • એݴత஌͚ࣝͩͰ͸ෆे෼ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δखଓ͖త஌ࣝͱ͸ • ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͰจ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖͑Δ͜ͱ •

    จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛॻ͚Δɾ࿩ͤΔ͜ͱ • จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛಡΊΔɾௌ͚Δ͜ͱ

32. ஌ࣝΛʮ࢖͏ʯͱ͸ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δจ๏஌ࣝ • એݴత஌͚ࣝͩͰ͸ෆे෼ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δखଓ͖త஌ࣝͱ͸ • ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͰจ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖͑Δ͜ͱ •

    จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛॻ͚Δɾ࿩ͤΔ͜ͱ • จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛಡΊΔɾௌ͚Δ͜ͱ

33. PK-Testʢ࠶ܝʣ

34. PK-Testʢ࠶ܝʣ Mary ͱ Becky ͸ Kim ͱ଴ͪ߹ΘͤΛ͠·͢ɻ Mary: Hi, Kim!

    Kim: Hi, Mary! Where is Becky? Mary: She is over there. She ____________________ on the phone. (talk) ʢࠜ؛ɾଜӽ, 2013, p. 25ʣ is talking

35. PK-Testʢ࠶ܝʣ • PK-Test ͸ɺӳޠΛ࢈ग़͢Δࡍʹಛఆͷจ๏نଇʹ
 ؔ͢Δ஌ࣝΛਖ਼͘͠࢖͍͑ͯΔ͔Λଌఆ͍ͯ͠Δɻ • ͦͷʢखଓ͖తʣ஌͕ࣝࣗಈ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͔Ͳ͏͔͸
 ໰Θͳ͍ɻɹˡɹճ౴ʹ੍࣌ؒݶ͕ͳ͍ • ӳޠΛཧղ͢Δࡍͷ஌ࣝͷ࢖༻͸ଌఆ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɻ

36. PK-Testʢ࠶ܝʣ • PK-Test ͸ɺӳޠΛ࢈ग़͢Δࡍʹಛఆͷจ๏نଇʹ
 ؔ͢Δ஌ࣝΛਖ਼͘͠࢖͍͑ͯΔ͔Λଌఆ͍ͯ͠Δɻ • ͦͷʢखଓ͖తʣ஌͕ࣝࣗಈ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͔Ͳ͏͔͸
 ໰Θͳ͍ɻɹˡɹճ౴ʹ੍࣌ؒݶ͕ͳ͍ • ӳޠΛཧղ͢Δࡍͷ஌ࣝͷ࢖༻͸ଌఆ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɻ

37. PK-Testʢ࠶ܝʣ • PK-Test ͸ɺӳޠΛ࢈ग़͢Δࡍʹಛఆͷจ๏نଇʹ
 ؔ͢Δ஌ࣝΛਖ਼͘͠࢖͍͑ͯΔ͔Λଌఆ͍ͯ͠Δɻ • ͦͷʢखଓ͖తʣ஌͕ࣝࣗಈ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͔Ͳ͏͔͸
 ໰Θͳ͍ɻɹˡɹճ౴ʹ੍࣌ؒݶ͕ͳ͍ • ӳޠΛཧղ͢Δࡍͷ஌ࣝͷ࢖༻͸ଌఆ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɻ

38. PK-Testʢ࠶ܝʣ • PK-Test ͸ɺӳޠΛ࢈ग़͢Δࡍʹಛఆͷจ๏نଇʹ
 ؔ͢Δ஌ࣝΛਖ਼͘͠࢖͍͑ͯΔ͔Λଌఆ͍ͯ͠Δɻ • ͦͷʢखଓ͖తʣ஌͕ࣝࣗಈ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͔Ͳ͏͔͸
 ໰Θͳ͍ɻɹˡɹճ౴ʹ੍࣌ؒݶ͕ͳ͍ • ӳޠΛཧղ͢Δࡍͷ஌ࣝͷ࢖༻͸ଌఆ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɻ

39. PK-Testʢ࠶ܝʣ PK-Test ͸ɺֶशऀͷӳޠίϛϡχέʔγϣϯೳྗͷҰ෦ͱ ͯ͠ͷจ๏ͷखଓ͖త஌ࣝͷ͏ͪɺ࢈ग़ʹয఺Λ౰ͯͯଌ ఆ͢ΔςετͰ͋Γɺ஌ࣝͷࣗಈԽͷ౓߹͍ʹ͍ͭͯ͸൑ ఆ͠ͳ͍ɻΤϏσϯε஝ੵͷͨΊڭҭޮՌͷଌఆखஈͱ͠ ͯར༻͢Δࡍʹ͸ɺ͜ͷΑ͏ͳಛੑΛཧղ͓ͯ͘͠ඞཁ͕ ͋Δɻ

40. ୠ͠ॻ͖

41. ୠ͠ॻ͖ • ʮએݴత஌ࣝɹˠʢ࿅शʣˠɹखଓ͖త஌ࣝʯͱ͍͏ ྲྀΕͰ͸ͳ͍จ๏஌ࣝ΋ଘࡏ͢Δɻ • ʮ஌Βͳ͍ʯͷʹʮ࢖͑Δʯ஌ࣝ

42. ୠ͠ॻ͖ Mr Brown dreamed that Mr Green shot him. Who

    did Mr Green shoot (in Mr Brown’s dream)? Mr Green. / Mr Brown. (White, 1998, p. 431)

43. ୠ͠ॻ͖ Mr Brown dreamed that Mr Green shot him. Who

    did Mr Green shoot (in Mr Brown’s dream)? Mr Green. / Mr Brown. (White, 1998, p. 431)

44. ୠ͠ॻ͖ Mr Brown dreamed that Mr Green shot him. Who

    did Mr Green shoot (in Mr Brown’s dream)? Mr Green. / Mr Brown. (White, 1998, p. 431)

45. ୠ͠ॻ͖ Mr Brown dreamed that Mr Green shot him. Who

    did Mr Green shoot (in Mr Brown’s dream)? Mr Green. / Mr Brown. (White, 1998, p. 431)

46. ୠ͠ॻ͖ (White, 1998, p. 431) • ೔ຊͷதֶߍ΍ߴߍͰ͸͜ͷنଇΛڭ͍͑ͯͳ͍ɻ • ೔ຊޠΛ฼ޠͱ͢Δதڃӳޠֶशऀ͸͜ͷنଇΛ
 ਖ਼͘͠࢖͑Δɻ

47. ୠ͠ॻ͖ • εΩϧशಘཧ࿦Ͱ͸͢΂ͯͷจ๏نଇͷशಘΛઆ໌Ͱ͖ ͳ͍ɻ • ҉ࣔతʹशಘ͞ΕΔ஌ࣝͷଘࡏɻ • ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ஌ࣝ͸ௐࠪର৅ͱ͠ͳͯ͘΋Α͍͔ɻ

48. ୠ͠ॻ͖ • εΩϧशಘཧ࿦Ͱ͸͢΂ͯͷจ๏نଇͷशಘΛઆ໌Ͱ͖ ͳ͍ɻ • ҉ࣔతʹशಘ͞ΕΔ஌ࣝͷଘࡏɻ • ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ஌ࣝ͸ௐࠪର৅ͱ͠ͳͯ͘΋Α͍͔ɻ

49. ୠ͠ॻ͖ • εΩϧशಘཧ࿦Ͱ͸͢΂ͯͷจ๏نଇͷशಘΛઆ໌Ͱ͖ ͳ͍ɻ • ҉ࣔతʹशಘ͞ΕΔ஌ࣝͷଘࡏɻ • ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ஌ࣝ͸ௐࠪର৅ͱ͠ͳͯ͘΋Α͍͔ɻ

50. Summary

51. Summary Summary • จ๏஌ࣝ • એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝɾࣗಈԽ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δจ๏஌ࣝ • ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͰ࢖͑Δจ๏஌ࣝ

    • ࢈ग़ͱཧղ • PK-Test ͷධՁ • ୠ͠ॻ͖ Ken Urano urano@hgu.jp https://www.urano-ken.com/research/CELES2019

52. • DeKeyser, R. M. (Ed.). (2007). Practice in a second

    language: Perspective from applied linguistics and cognitive psychology. Cambridge University Press. • ࠜ؛խ࢙ɾଜӽ྄࣏. (2014). จ๏ͷखଓ͖త஌ࣝΛͲ͏ଌ Δ͔. Arcle Review, 8, 22–33. Retrieved from: http:// www.arcle.jp/research/books/data/html/data/pdf/ vol8_3-2.pdf • White, L. (1998). Second language acquisition and Binding Principle B: Child/adult differences. Second Language Research, 14, 425–439. Retrieved from: https:// www.jstor.org/stable/43104577 References