從智慧能源到永續發展 - 廖卿惠 博士

從智慧能源到永續發展 - 廖卿惠 博士

Transcript

1. From Smart Energy to Sustainable Development 從智慧能源到永續發展 廖卿惠博士 國際NGO The Urban Idea 亞太區協調人 2020.5.12 --全球趨勢與國際案例介紹--
2. 2 台灣綠電里程碑 Q. 下列何者為真？  企業綠電自主使用意識增強  政府增加躉售價格並提供強力政策誘因  電業法、再生能源發展條例鬆綁  跨國企業要求其供應鏈綠電化
3. Global Perspectives
4. Progress of global energy transformation 4 TFEC – Total Final Energy Consumption Source: International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) (2019), Global Energy Transformation ✓ Lower renewable power costs ✓ Increase energy access ✓ Reduce emissions and air pollution ✓ Increase welfare and growth The world has been persuading for decarbonized energy transformation in the past two decades and will keep on this track… Key benefits
5. Global status of renewable energies 5 Estimated Renewables Share of Total Final Energy Consumption (TFEC), 2017 REN21, Global Status Report, 2019 18.1% is Renewable Energy (including Traditional Biomass: Firewood and Coal)
6. 6 REN21, Global Status Report, 2019 Growth in Global Renewable Energy Compared to TFEC, 2006-2016 Global status of renewable energies
7. 7 REN21, Global Status Report, 2019 Estimated Renewable Energy Share of Global Electricity Production, End-2018 Global status of renewable energies
8. The Global Perspective on the Energy Transition 8 Key innovation clusters shaping global Energy Transition over the past decade • Energy efficiency • Renewable energies • Data AI • IOT blockchain • Digitalization • Electric storage • Decentralized systems * Smart Technologies can do the trick! World Energy Council, World Energy Issues Monitor 2020, Global and Regional Perspectives
9. 9 Coronavirus and the Green Recovery
10. 10 Green energy Coronavirus and the Green Recovery O 國家經濟衰退 O 個人經濟衰退 O 油價大跌 O 環境意識提高 O 科技使成本下降 政府使用政策與資源， 減緩下拉力道+ 加強上拉力道 綠色復甦 “The COVID-19 has not made the climate crisis go away. The public money that states and Europe will spend to reinvest in the economy must be consistent with the Green Deal” from Green Recovery Alliance
11. 11 Source:https://twitter.com/unh abitat/status/12576873093964 63618?s=21 Green Recovery From NORMAL To A WAY FORWARD
12. 12 Nature of Smart Energy: Decentralization & Digitalization DECENTRALIZATION ✓ the opposite of the conventional centralized model ✓ large number of small-capacity units that are all connected to the power grid ✓ more environmentally friendly ✓ addresses actual local demand for energy …connected via DIGITALIZATION Challenges for Decentralization • To upgrade the infrastructure to handle peer-to-peer transactions • To maintain the resilience of the grid • To be able to handle the future increase in electrical devices on the grid, such as electric vehicles
13. 13 Digitalizing the clean energy ✓ Industry 4.0 ✓ Smart Grid technologies ✓ Blockchain ✓ Internet of Things (IoT) ✓ Big Data ✓ Artificial Intelligence (AI) ✓ Machine Learning (M2M) Digitalization has shifted the power to the customers, democratising the global market for products and services. Technologies for Digitalization
14. 14 Smart Energy Industry 4.0 Source: https://medium.com/@winix/industry-4-0-the-digital-technology-transformation-b23ba02a7dd2 Industry 4.0 goes beyond mechanics and automatisation, by applying intelligence, inter- connectivity, and flexibility to machines and devices, making them capable of performing more complex task with a higher degree of autonomy, and predictive and analytical capabilities.
15. 15 Smart Energy Smart Grid technologies Source: https://www.kfw.de/stories/kfw/stories/environment/renewable-energy/smart-grids-intelligentes-stromnetz/ The smart grid is a vision of a future energy delivery infrastructure, a steppingstone to the utility sectors digital transformation that will improve network resilience and empower consumers.” (Gartner, 2017)
16. 16 Smart Energy Blockchain ✓ To enable direct transactions between peers in a safe, reliable and transparrent way without the involvement of an intermediary. ✓ To decentralize transactions making the system more resilient to centralised security issues and exploitation. ✓ To alter and even disrupt multiple industries, including energy generation industry The blockchain technology can be used to enable the transaction of excess energy to be bought and sold, safely and effectively, without the mediation of a centralised energy supply company. Applying in energy systems
17. 17 Smart Energy Internet of Things (IoT) Applying in energy systems A predictive analytics network monitors the data collected from sensors and embedded in power grids. Thus, machinery can reduce energy transmission and distribution losses to make energy consumption highly efficient and cost-effective across the world. The Internet of Things(IoT) in the energy market was valued at USD 12.84 billion in 2018, and it is expected to reach USD 33.34 billion by 2024, with a compound annual growth rate of 17.24% during the forecast period of 2019–2024. (Source: Mordor Intelligence, 2019)
18. Smart Energy Big Data Source: Brüel og Kjear Vibro, High Tech Summet DTU, 2017. http:// www.bkvibro.com/en/condition-monitoring/wind-turbines.html Surveillance & Diagnostic Service Center and Server Renewables Data Submitted via WEB server Service & Maintenance Work Feedback Service Team Work Order Client Service Center Alarm Reports Applying in energy systems The Danish company Brüel og Kjaer Vibro created a monitoring system for wind turbines that with the use of sensor technology monitors and performs diagnostics on the health conditions of the turbines. By implementing numbers of different sensor technologies on bearings, shafts and gearboxes, they can monitor their current state and advance on defaults before the systems break down. ✓ Big data technology can analyze, systematically extract information from, or otherwise deal with data sets that are too large or complex. ✓ Challenges include capturing data, data storage, data analysis, search, sharing, transfer, visualization, querying, updating, information privacy and data source.
19. 19 Smart Energy Artificial Intelligence (AI) Machine Learning (M2M) https://www.houseofbots.com/news-detail/2764-1-artificial- intelligence-real-world-applications Applying in energy systems AI and machine learning can be used to turn data into insights and analytics into predictions. In a decentralised heating system, these tech- nologies can be used to forecast the most optimal flow temperature, by combining weather forecast, consumption patterns, etc. Using technology such as sensors in combination with AI, this information can be analysed in real time, providing a foundation for optimal performance. The key benefits of Artificial Intelligence and machine learning, is that it can be used to solve highly complex issues, by the process of observing, analysing, predicting and suggesting, faster and more precise than humanly possible.
20. Case Studies ( in Japan)
21. 21 Energy Portfolio, Vision and Challenges The energy portfolio for 2030 and strategy Renewable energies:8% Nuclear power:1.5% LNG:23% Coal:27% Petroleum:42% FY2015 Source: https://www.asiabiomass.jp/english/topics/1507_06.html <Renewable Energy as “main power supply”> ✓ Implement policy to further lower the renewable electricity costs (currently still at around double that of EU) ✓ Support and revise laws and regulations to enable sustainable power plant (e.g. offshore) <Develop next generation electricity network> ✓ Remove constraints on power system ✓ Lowering electricity network cost to accommodate renewable energy. (uncertainty) Nuclear power Lock-in effect caused by these challenges has built up high barriers for RE deployment in Japan
22. Renewable energy potential and current situation Ministry of Environment of Japan ① ②
23. 23 National Energy Initiatives in Japan
24. 24 Japan aims to deploy HEMS in all households by 2030 Source: https://web-japan.org/trends/11_tech-life/tec120806.html TV displays play a role in helping control energy use in HEMS. Ene-Farm system National Energy Initiatives in Japan ① ✓ The combination of decentralized energy and smart grid breakthroughs ✓ Home Energy Management System (HEMS) with a zero energy bill ✓ Ene-Farm system- to establish a self-sufficient lifestyle based on the capability of energy storage and electricity generation of households
25. 25 Energy Initiatives in Japan ② 79% of newly built house are ZEH (World No.1) Total of 44,247 ZEH build (World No.1) 50,412 houses built with Fuel Cell (World No.1) 82.6% CO2 reduction in newly built house (1990 comparison ) Beauty Comfort Normal house ZEH Primary energy use Producing energy Energy reduction Solar panel integrated roof tiles Thermal insulated wide window
26. 26 Energy Initiatives in Japan ③ Hydrogen Strategy Source: https://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2017/pdf/1226_003a.pdf ✓ Vision: Emission-free vehicles and houses equipped with hydrogen fuel cells in 2050 ✓ During Tokyo Olympics in 2020, hydrogen vehicles will be introduced ✓ Challenges: cheaper and affordable by cutting down 90% costs by 2050
27. 27 RE100-100% Renewable Companies Energy Initiatives in Japan  ✓ Led by The Climate Group in partnership with CDP (Carbon Disclosure Project Co. Ltd.) ✓ To accelerate change towards zero carbon grids ✓ 207 companies have made their ambitious commitment to sourcing 100% RE electricity by 2050 at the latest globally ✓ To highlight and address policy and market barriers to corporate sourcing of renewable electricity ✓ 10% of RE members are Japanese Companies Source: http://re100.org/
28. 28 Smart Energy Strategic Initiative for Nuclear free and Carbon free Japan - Economic Revitalization and Energy Democracy Source: https://webronza.asahi.com/science/articles/2019070500002.html ✓ Initiated by Prof. ASUKA Jusen, Tohoku University, in 2019, aiming to achieve the nuclear free and carbon free goals by the best energy scenario of 2030 and 2050 ✓ Japan is fully capable of fulfilling the missions but more efforts from all sectors need to be employed ✓ Energy democracy transformation can serve as the game changer of economic revitalization in Japan
29. 29 Local Energy Initiatives in Japan
30. 30 RE Action- for Japan only Source: https://saiene.jp/ ✓ Initiated by GPN、ICLEI Japan 、IGES and JCLP in 2019, for SMEs, Local Governments, NGO/NPOs ✓ RE100 members are limited to companies with more than 10GWh electricity consumption which brings barrier for SMEs, NGO/NPOs, and even public sectors to join ✓ In Japan, 40-50% electricity are consumed by 4 millions of SMEs, NGO/NPOs, and public sectors ✓ 40 groups have made their commitment to sourcing reasonable renewable energy Initiative by local governments ①
31. Miyama City, and Miyama Smart Energy ➢ Local Government initiative on Climate Action (Energy Saving and Renewable Energy) ➢ Local production of renewable energy for local consumption (revitalizing local economy) ➢ Coupling with welfare service ➢ Co-benefit, Multi-benefit Initiative by local governments ② Life Supporting Service Especially enhancing support for the elderly Provide costumers with a tablet which shows local news (including, food, living, hobby, health care, and information from local government) (Credit: Miyama City)
32. Initiative by local governments ③ Iida City, and ordinance on “Local Rights on Environment” ➢ Ordinance to achieve sustainable community through implementing renewable energy ➢ So far, 12 local projects has been initiated and supported under this ordinance. “Renewable energy resource is part of total asset of citizens. Citizens can use the energy produced from that on a priority bases and have right to create community by themselves” Local Government will support local renewable initiatives by its citizens through this ordinance. e.g. Supporting the project to increase credit liability, providing loans, advise
33. Yokohama City <Yokohama City Model> Collaboration between local governments to promote renewable energy by using blockchain technology Initiative by local governments 
34. Local Government point of view Sustainability Perspectives
35. Social Context in Taiwan ✓ How to maintain or improve current Quality of Life (QOL) under rapid population decrease and aging society, and budgetary constraints ✓ Globally, population is increasing (era of 10billion) and burden to the environment is expected to rise 【 Self-Sufficiency Rate in Taiwan】 ➢ Food：31％（2016）（calorie base） ➢ Energy：less than 2％（2018） ✓ World and in Taiwan, society are becoming diverse, issues are becoming more complex (solutions are also not easily found) ✓ We also need to transform society and economy towards “decarbonization” We need to make maximum use of local resources in a sustainable manner and to improve environment, economy, and society in an integrated manner ＝ Creating Circulating and Ecological Economy/Sphere (Localizing SDGs)
36. 36 Energy and Beyond One stone and several birds- smart & clean energy as a game changer of multi-issues ✓ Economic growth ✓ Environment conservation ✓ Climate change ✓ Aging and shrinking population ✓ Social Justice
37. Thank You