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第二言語習得研究における 明示的・暗示的知識の再検討:この分類は何に役に立つか,何に役に立たないか
2025年11月22-23日開催の外国語教育メディア学会(LET)第64回(2025)年次研究大会における発表で使用された投影資料の公開版です。
Yu Tamura
November 23, 2025
Transcript
44 slides
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Tamura, Y., & Fukuta, J. (in press). Psychological approaches to
‘Dual-System Model’ in SLA: A critical overview. In S. Wakabayashi & J. Fukuta, & J. Matthews (Eds.), Rethinking theories in second language research: Foundations and future directions. John Benjamins. ຊͷൃද༰ҎԼͷݪߘʹج͍͍ͮͯ·͢ -
• ୈೋݴޠशಘݚڀʢSLAʣͰʮ໌ࣔతʗ҉ࣔతࣝʢIEϞσϧʣʯ͕ओྲྀ ʢe.g., Ellis et al., 2009ʣ • จ๏ࣝʹڵຯͷ͋ΔҰ෦ͷݚڀऀ͚ͩͷͰͳ͘ɼଟ͘ͷୈೋݴޠश ಘݚڀͷຊʢڭҭΑΓͷͷؚΊͯʣɼ֓೦ͷհ͞ΕΔͣ
• ྫɿThe Cambridge Handbook of Corrective Feedback in Second Language Teaching, Introduction to Instructed Second Language Acquisition • ҰํͰʮҙࣝʗແҙࣝʢCUϞσϧʣʯͱ͍͏Έଘࡏʢe.g., Williams, 2005ʣ ຊൃදͷഎܠ -
• ೝ৺ཧֶʹ͓͚ΔೋॏաఔϞσϧ൷ʢe.g., De Neys, 2021, 2023; Melniko & Bargh, 2018ʣΛख͕͔ΓʹIEϞσϧͷΛཧ
• తผʹIEɾCUϞσϧΛ͍͚ΔࢦΛఏҊ ຊൃදͷత -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ IEϞσϧͷུ֓ ಛੑ ҉ࣔతࣝ ໌ࣔతࣝ ΞΣΞωε ײత ҙࣝత ࣝͷλΠϓ खଓ͖త એݴత ମܥੑ Մมత͔ͭମܥత มଇతͰҰ؏ੑΛܽ͘ ࣝͷΞΫηε ࣗಈతॲཧ ౷੍తॲཧ L2ࣝͷ༻ ྲྀெͳύϑΥʔϚϯε࣌ʹ ΞΫηε ܭըࠔ࣌ͷࣝͷΞΫηε ࣗݾใࠂՄೳੑ ݴޠԽෆՄೳ ݴޠԽՄೳ ֶशՄೳੑ ྟքظͷΈ ԿࡀͰशಘՄೳ Ellis (2005, p.151ʣ༁ൃදऀʹΑΔ -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ ೝ৺ཧֶʹ͓͚ΔೋॏաఔϞσϧ System 1 System 2 ͍ ͍ ࣗಈత ੍ޚత ແҙࣝత ҙࣝత ؍త ख़ྀత ྗΛཁ͞ͳ͍ ྗత Kahneman (2011), Stanovich & West (2000)ͳͲ -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ ೝ৺ཧֶʹ͓͚ΔೋॏաఔϞσϧ System 1 System 2 ͍ ͍ ࣗಈత ੍ޚత ແҙࣝత ҙࣝత ؍త ख़ྀత ྗΛཁ͞ͳ͍ ྗత Kahneman (2011), Stanovich & West (2000)ͳͲ SLAʹ͓͚Δ҉ࣔతࣝ SLAʹ͓͚Δ໌ࣔతࣝ -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ ೋॏաఔϞσϧͷ൷ Alignment Problem ʮ͍ʯʮແҙࣝʯʮࣗಈతʯͱ͍ͬ ͨʢSystem1ͷʣಛຊʹͻͱ ͭͷηοτͱͯ͠ػೳ͢Δͷ͔ʁ ʢMelniko ff & Bargh, 2018) Switch Problem ͲͷΑ͏ʹͯ͠ɼSystem 1ͱ System 2ͷॲཧΛΓସ͍͑ͯΔͷ ͔ʁͦͷϝΧχζϜ͕ෆ໌ʢDe Neys, 2023) Exclusivity Problem System1୯७ͳॲཧ͔͠Ͱ͖ͣɼ System2ෳࡶͳॲཧ͔͠Ͱ͖ͳ͍ ͷ͔ʁʢҰํͷγεςϜʹ͔͠Ͱ͖ ͳ͍ॲཧ͕͋Δͷ͔ʣʢDe Neys, 2023) -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ • ೝ৺ཧֶ՝ͰSystem1ͱSystem2ͷಛ͕ڞى͢Δྫใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔ ʢMelniko ff & Bargh, 2018ʣ • ྫɿແҙࣝॲཧͳͷʹʮ͍ʯɼʮ࿑ྗ͕ඞཁʯͳݱʢe.g., Reber & Kotovsky, 1997; Sklar et al., 2012) ΞϥΠϯϝϯτʢAlignment Problemʣ ୯७ͳೋ๏ෆదͰͳ͍͔ -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ • ʮཧతਪSystem 2͔͠ߦ͑ͳ͍ʯͱ͍ͬͨԾఆͷࠜڌ͕ബ͍ • System 1Ͱ߹ཧతஅ͕ՄೳʢDe Neys, 2012, 2023ʣ • ྫɿײϨϕϧͰʮཧతໃ६ʯΛݕग़Ͱ͖Δʢcon fl ict detectionʣ ഉଞੑʢExclusivity Problemʣ ྆γεςϜͷΞτϓοτ໌֬ʹ͚ΒΕͳ͍ -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ • ͍ͭɾͲͷΑ͏ʹSystem 1→System 2ΓସΘΔͷ͔ʁ • ʮSystem 2͕࡞ಈΛஅ͢Δʯͱઆ໌͢Δͱ॥๏ʢϗϜϯΫϧεʣ • ഉଞੑΛલఏʹ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ • De Neys (2023)ͷఏҊ • ෆ࣮֬ੑ͕ҰఆҎ্ʹߴ·Δͱ੍ޚతॲཧʢSystem2తॲཧʣ͕ൃಈ͢Δ • ྫɿײͱཧ͕িಥͨ͠ͱ͖ͷʮҧײʯ͕εΠονͷҾ͖ۚʹͳΔ εΠονʢSwitch Problemʣ εΠονೝ৺ཧֶͰະղܾͷ -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ • ʮແҙࣝʯ≠ʮ͍ʯʢॲཧͷಛ͕ڞى͠ͳ͍ʣ • SLAݚڀʹ͓͍ͯɼʮແҙࣝత͕͍ͩʯɼʮҙࣝత͕͍ͩʯʢe.g., ߴ Խͨ͠໌ࣔతࣝʣͱ͍͏Α͏ͳྫ͕͋Δʢe.g., Tamura et al., 2016; Suzuki & DeKeyser, 2015ʣ SLAʹ͓͚ΔΞϥΠϯϝϯτ ҉ࣔతࣝͷಛͱ໌ࣔతࣝͷಛ͕ἧ͏ͱ͍͏͜ͱ ࣮ূతʹඞͣࣔ͠͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ ͜Ε·ͰͷIEݚڀ ओʹ؍͞ΕͨύϑΥʔϚϯεͷҰൠԽʹج͍ͮͯൃల͖ͯͨ͠ ʢాଜɾాɼ2023ʣ ڭࣨɾ࣮ݧͰ؍͞ΕΔݱ͔ΒΧςΰϦʔྨ͕ಋೖ͞ΕΔ ྨ͞ΕͨݱͷഎޙʹநతͳࣝλΠϓΛԾఆ͢Δ ͦͷ֓೦͕ө͞ΕΔͱߟ͑ΒΕΔߦಈΛಘԠ࣌ؒͱͯ͠ૢ࡞Խ ؍σʔλΛੵ͢Δ͜ͱͰ༧ଌͷਫ਼ߴ·Δ -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ • ࣗݾϖʔεಡΈ՝ϫʔυɾϞχλϦϯά՝ͷΑ͏ͳԠ࣌ؒΛར༻͢Δ ಛఆͷ՝ͷར༻͕ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔͷͰͳ͍ • ॏཁͳɼʮ૬ؔʹجͮٞ͘ʯ ҙ -
৺త࣮ࡏͱ؍ଌมͷؔ ৺త࣮ࡏ ԠA ʢςετࢦඪʣ ԠB ʢςετࢦඪʣ (1) ҼՌతʹӨڹ (2) ߴ͍૬ؔ
(3) ಉ͡ͷΛଌఆʁ ాଞʢ2023, p. 51, ਤ3.3ʣ -
৺త࣮ࡏͱ؍ଌมͷؔ ৺త࣮ࡏ ԠA ʢςετࢦඪʣ ԠB ʢςετࢦඪʣ (1) ҼՌతʹӨڹ (2) ߴ͍૬ؔ
(3) ಉ͡ͷΛଌఆʁ ాଞʢ2023, p. 51, ਤ3.3ʣ ͔͠͠ɼ͜ͷΞϓϩʔνͰɼࣝͷ֫ಘ ϝΧχζϜͦͷͷ໌Β͔ʹͳΒͳ͍ -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ • EϞσϧʢ҉ࣔతࣝʗ໌ࣔతࣝʣʮ͕ࣝͲͷΑ͏ʹΘΕ͍ͯΔ͔ʢػ ೳʣʯʹجͮ͘ྨʢBialystok, 1978ʣ • ͭ·Γࣝͷʮ࣮ମͦͷͷʯΛ۠ผ͢ΔཧͰͳ͍ • ҉ࣔతࣝͷಛʢແҙࣝɾߴʣͱ໌ࣔతࣝͷಛʢҙࣝతɾ͍ʣ࣮ূ తʹৗʹἧ͏Θ͚Ͱͳ͍ˠ ΞϥΠϯϝϯτ • IEϞσϧ • ֶशऀͷύϑΥʔϚϯεΛهड़͢ΔͨΊͷʮಓ۩ʢinstrumentalʣʯͰ͋Γ • ৺తϝΧχζϜͷҧ͍Λࣔ͢ʮ࣮ମతྨʢsubstantialʣʯͰͳ͍ IEϞσϧʮػೳతྨʯ -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ • ಓ۩తʢinstrumentalʣʗ࣮ମతʢsubstantialʣͷ۠ผͱʁʢAugsto, 2024ʣ • ࣮ମతʢsubstantialʣ֓೦ɿ ৺తϝΧχζϜೝγεςϜͷʮ࣮ࡏ͢Δ ߏʯΛઆ໌͠Α͏ͱ͢Δ֓೦ ʢྫɿҙࣝʗແҙࣝɼҙ੍ޚɼهԱγεςϜʣ • ಓ۩తʢinstrumentalʣ֓೦ɿ؍͞ΕΔߦಈɾύϑΥʔϚϯεΛݚڀऀ͕ ཧ͢ΔͨΊʹ༻͍Δʮهड़্ͷπʔϧʯʢʹߦಈͷಛΛ·ͱΊͨϥϕ ϧʣ ಓ۩తɾ࣮ମతϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ • ಓ۩తʢinstrumentalʣʗ࣮ମతʢsubstantialʣͷ۠ผͱʁʢAugsto, 2024ʣ • ࣮ମతʢsubstantialʣ֓೦ɿ ৺తϝΧχζϜೝγεςϜͷʮ࣮ࡏ͢Δ ߏʯΛઆ໌͠Α͏ͱ͢Δ֓೦ ʢྫɿҙࣝʗແҙࣝɼҙ੍ޚɼهԱγεςϜʣ • ಓ۩తʢinstrumentalʣ֓೦ɿ؍͞ΕΔߦಈɾύϑΥʔϚϯεΛݚڀऀ͕ ཧ͢ΔͨΊʹ༻͍Δʮهड़্ͷπʔϧʯʢʹߦಈͷಛΛ·ͱΊͨϥϕ ϧʣ ಓ۩తɾ࣮ମతϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ IEϞσϧͬͪ͜ -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ • ಓ۩తʢinstrumentalʣʗ࣮ମతʢsubstantialʣͷ۠ผͱʁʢAugsto, 2024ʣ • ࣮ମతʢsubstantialʣ֓೦ɿ ৺తϝΧχζϜೝγεςϜͷʮ࣮ࡏ͢Δ ߏʯΛઆ໌͠Α͏ͱ͢Δ֓೦ ʢྫɿҙࣝʗແҙࣝɼҙ੍ޚɼهԱγεςϜʣ • ಓ۩తʢinstrumentalʣ֓೦ɿ؍͞ΕΔߦಈɾύϑΥʔϚϯεΛݚڀऀ͕ ཧ͢ΔͨΊʹ༻͍Δʮهड़্ͷπʔϧʯʢʹߦಈͷಛΛ·ͱΊͨϥϕ ϧʣ ಓ۩తɾ࣮ମతϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ CUϞσϧͬͪ͜ -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ • ҙࣝʢΞΣΞωεʣͷ༗ແͷҧ͍͕จ๏அɾॲཧɾֶशʹ༩͑ΔӨڹΛॏ ࢹ͢ΔϞσϧ • ࣝͷঢ়ଶʢconscious / unconsciousʣ৺తϝΧχζϜͷʮ࣮ମతͳ۠ผʯ Ͱ͋Δͱߟ͑Δ • ߦಈσʔλɼഎޙʹ͋Δ৺తঢ়ଶʢҙࣝϨϕϧʣΛʮөʯ͢Δͱߟ͑Δ → આ໌ͷϨϕϧ࣮ମతʢsubstantialʣ • IEϞσϧͷΑ͏ͳʮΘΕํͷྨʯͱҟͳΓɼϝΧχζϜͷઆ໌ʹ͍ͨ Έ CUϞσϧʢConscious/Unconsciousʣͷ جຊతͳߟ͑ํ ΞΣΞωεؔͷ֓೦ʹ͍ͭͯͷฏқͳಋೖʰʲ৽վగ൛ʳ֎ࠃޠֶशʹજΉҙࣝͱແҙࣝʱࢀর -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ • ҙࣝʢΞΣΞωεʣͷ༗ແͷҧ͍͕จ๏அɾॲཧɾֶशʹ༩͑ΔӨڹΛॏ ࢹ͢ΔϞσϧ • ࣝͷঢ়ଶʢconscious / unconsciousʣ৺తϝΧχζϜͷʮ࣮ମతͳ۠ผʯ Ͱ͋Δͱߟ͑Δ • ߦಈσʔλɼഎޙʹ͋Δ৺తঢ়ଶʢҙࣝϨϕϧʣΛʮөʯ͢Δͱߟ͑Δ → આ໌ͷϨϕϧ࣮ମతʢsubstantialʣ • IEϞσϧͷΑ͏ͳʮΘΕํͷྨʯͱҟͳΓɼϝΧχζϜͷઆ໌ʹ͍ͨ Έ CUϞσϧʢConscious/Unconsciousʣͷ جຊతͳߟ͑ํ ΞΣΞωεؔͷ֓೦ʹ͍ͭͯͷฏқͳಋೖʰʲ৽վగ൛ʳ֎ࠃޠֶशʹજΉҙࣝͱແҙࣝʱࢀর ʰઆ໌ΛࢼΈΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ֓೦ߏ ʢʹөϞσϧʣΛ͍࣋ͬͯΔʱ ͱ͍͏ҙຯͰͷ ʮ͍͍ͯΔʯ -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ IEϞσϧͱCUϞσϧͷׂཧ ؍ IEϞσϧ ʢImplicitʗExplicitʣ CUϞσϧ ʢConsciousʗUnconsciousʣ ྨج४ ػೳ ʢࣝͷΘΕํʣ ঢ়ଶ ʢΞΣΞωεͷ༗ແʣ આ໌Ϩϕϧ ಓ۩త ʢύϑΥʔϚϯεͷهड़ʣ ࣮ମత ʢϝΧχζϜͷઆ໌ʣ Ϟσϧͷੑ࣭ ܗత ʢ؍ࢦඪͷ߹ʣ өత ʢ৺త࣮ࡏͷөΛԾఆʣ ڭҭ࣮ફͰͷ ׂ ᶃࣗಈԽɾྲྀெ͞ͷࢦඪ ᶄֶशऀཧղͷͨΊͷൺᄻ ֶशϓϩηεղ໌ͷ ཧతج൫Λఏڙ ؕΓ͍͢᠘ τʔτϩδʔɼଌఆͷዞҙੑ ڭҭͷʮతʯ Ԡ༻ͷ͠͞ -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ ܗϞσϧͱөϞσϧ ܗϞσϧ өϞσϧ ؍͞ΕͨෳͷࢦඪΛ ·ͱΊͯϥϕϧԽ ؍͞Εͨߦಈͷഎޙʹ ৺త࣮ࡏΛԾఆ ؍ʹؐݩ͞Εɼ આ໌ҼΛؚ·ͳ͍ Ԡ͜ͷʮ࣮ମʯΛ ө͢Δͱߟ͑Δ ϝΧχζϜઆ໌ʹ͑ͳ͍ ϝΧχζϜͷઆ໌ʹద͍ͯ͠Δ ͍ΘΏΔओੳͷߟ͑ํ ͍ΘΏΔҼࢠੳͷߟ͑ํ cf. Fukuta, Nishimura, & Tamura (2023) Journal of Second language Studies -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ ܗϞσϧͱөϞσϧ ܗϞσϧ өϞσϧ ؍͞ΕͨෳͷࢦඪΛ ·ͱΊͯϥϕϧԽ ؍͞Εͨߦಈͷഎޙʹ ৺త࣮ࡏΛԾఆ ؍ʹؐݩ͞Εɼ આ໌ҼΛؚ·ͳ͍ Ԡ͜ͷʮ࣮ମʯΛ ө͢Δͱߟ͑Δ ϝΧχζϜઆ໌ʹ͑ͳ͍ ϝΧχζϜͷઆ໌ʹద͍ͯ͠Δ ͍ΘΏΔओੳͷߟ͑ํ ͍ΘΏΔҼࢠੳͷߟ͑ํ cf. Fukuta, Nishimura, & Tamura (2023) Journal of Second language Studies IEϞσϧͷଌఆ۩ଥੑ ݕূʹؔ͢ΔݚڀͰҼ ࢠੳߦΘΕ͍ͯΔ ͕ɼҼࢠੳΛ͍ͬͯ ΔʹөϞσϧͰ͋Δͱ ͍͏Θ͚Ͱͳ͍ -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ • ʮ҉ࣔతࣝྔʯΛଌΔΑΓɼʮࣗಈԽͷఔʯʮॲཧͷ҆ఆੑʯͳͲͷύ ϑΥʔϚϯεࢦඪΛධՁ͢Δ • Ԡ࣌ؒ҆ఆੑͳͲͰɼֶशͷਐలɾख़ୡԽΛѲͰ͖Δ • IEϞσϧੑ֓೦ʢdispositionalʣͰ͋Γɼʮࣝͷ࣮ମʯΛଌΔ ΈͰͳ͍ → ໌ࣔʗ҉ࣔͱ͍͏ϥϕϧʹͩ͜ΘΔඞཁͳ͍ ʢϥϕϧʹͩ͜ΘΔ͜ͱͰଌఆ۩ͷଥੑʹͭͳ͕Δʣ ࣮ફͷࣔࠦᶃ -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ • IEϞσϧΛݫີͳཧͰͳ͘ʮࢥߟͷิॿઢʯͱͯ͠͏ • ྫɿʮϧʔϧݴ͑ΔͷʹձͰ͑ͳ͍ʯݱΛߟ͑Δࡍʹɼ͔͠͠ ͯɼʮ҉ࣔతࣝͷशಘ͕ेͰͳ͍ͷ͔ʁʯͱݱΛཧ͢ΔͨΊͷ ʮϥϕϧʯͱͯ͠༻͍Δ • ͨͩ͠ɼ͜ΕΛݪҼͷઆ໌ʹ͑ͳ͍ →ੑ֓೦ͳͷͰɼʮ҉ࣔత͕ࣝͳ͍͔Β͑ͳ͍ʯ॥๏ʹͳΔ ࣮ફͷࣔࠦᶄ ֓೦࣮ࡏͷূ໌Ͱͳ͘ɼֶशऀཧղͷಓ۩ͱͯ͠׆༻ -
• IEϞσϧ৺త࣮ମͰͳ͘ɼʮߦಈͷಛΛཧ͢Δಓ۩ʯ → ͍ʹແҙࣝʹࣗಈత… ͱ͍͏ಛηοτඞͣ͠Ұக͠ͳ͍ • CUϞσϧҙࣝͷ༗ແͱ͍͏ʮ৺త࣮ମʯΛѻ͏Έ → ߦಈͷഎޙʹ͋ΔϝΧχζϜʢͳͥͦ͏ͳΔ͔ʣʹؔΘΔઆ໌͕Մೳ •
IEʹهड़ʢܗϞσϧʣ ʗ CUʹઆ໌ʢөϞσϧʣ → ྆ऀΛࠞಉ͠ͳ͍͜ͱ͕ॏཁ • ڭҭ࣮ફͰ… → ҉ࣔʗ໌ࣔͷϥϕϧʹͩ͜ΘΒͳ͍ → ʮࣗಈԽʯʮॲཧͷ҆ఆੑʯʮྲྀெ͞ʯ ͳͲͷࢦඪͰֶशΛଊ͑Δ → IEʮݪҼઆ໌ʯͰͳ͘ɼֶशऀཧղͷิॿઢͱͯ͠༻͍Δ IEϞσϧͷ࠶Ґஔ͚ͮͱ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ • ͓ͦΒ͘ೝ৺ཧֶͷΑ͏ʹॏཁͳͰ͋ΔͱΈͳ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ • ͦͦ؍্શͳหผ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͱ͍͏લఏ͕ݟ͑ӅΕ͢Δ • ύϑΥʔϚϯε্Ͱ໌ࣔతࣝɾ҉ࣔతࣝࠞతʹ༻͍ΒΕ͍ͯΔ ʢEllis, 2005ʣ • ଌఆ۩͋͘·Ͱɼֶशऀ͕ͲͪΒ͔ҰํͷࣝʹΞΫηε͘͢͢͠ΔΑ ͏ʹ͚ΔͷΈʢEllis, 2009ʣ (2) SLAʹ͓͚Δഉଞੑͷ -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ (2) SLAʹ͓͚Δഉଞੑͷ ଌఆ՝ͷݶքʢหผෆՄೳੑʣ ഉଞੑͷ୨্͛ʹ͢Δ ػೳతͳ૬ؔͷٞΛ͢Δ͔͠ͳ͍ -
1. ͷॴࡏ -> 2. ೝ৺ཧֶ͔Βͷܯ -> 3. SLAݚڀͷద༻ -> 4.
ཧత࠶ཧ -> 5. ࣮ફͷࣔࠦ • ໌ࣔతࣝͱ҉ࣔతࣝԿΛ͖͔͚ͬʹΓସ͕͑ى͜Δʁ • จ๏ੑஅ՝ʹ͓͍ͯɼҙຯॲཧ͕ߦΘΕΔॳಈ͕҉ࣔతࣝ -> ࣌ؒͷ ܦաͰ໌ࣔత͕ࣝ࡞ಈ͢Δͱ͍͏ཧతԾఆʢEllis, 2004; ಽ, 2014ʣ • ͨͩ͠ɼͦͷଞͷ՝ʹ͓͍ͯɼॲཧաఔͱࣝͷؔੑʹ͍ͭͯͷݚڀͷ ݟͷੵ͍͠ (3) SLAʹ͓͚ΔεΠον