submitted) κg κ N κ T • We need another approach at critical points. By choosing the osculating plane as xy, the IAS is: z = f(x, y) = 1 2 ax2 + 1 2 by2 + cxy + O(|x|3), where a = ρ0 xxz 2ρ0 xx − ρ0 zz , b = ρ0 yyz 2ρ0 yy − ρ0 zz , c = ρ0 xyz ρ0 xx + ρ0 yy − ρ0 zz . • Main curvature directions are obtained by diago- nalizing H = a c c b κ1 , κ2 (eigenvalues), K = det H (Gaussian), H = tr (H) (mean). c V´ ıctor Lua˜ na, 2003 (5)